专题02.第二章冠词（初高区别及衔接）--2024年暑假英语初升高衔接之专题突破（牛津译林版）

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我们在初中学习了a用于以辅音开头的名词或其修饰语前，an用于以元音开头的名词或其修饰语前，the表示语境中双方都知道或特指的用法，还学习了不用冠词的一些情况。
回顾一：不定冠词的用法
a应该放在以辅音开头的名词或其修饰语前，而an则放在以元音开头的名词或其修饰语前。但是我们所说的元音并不是指元音字母，而是指读音。a可以表示种类，即一类人或物；
也可以表示“一个”。另外也用于构成词组或者成语中。
1.(2021扬州,1)As teacher, it’s imprtant t be gd rle mdel fr their students.
A.the;a B.a;the C.a;a D.the;the
2.(2021宿迁,1)Kitty smetimes eats range r sme grapes after lunch.
A.an B.a C.the D./
回顾二：定冠词的用法
英语中定冠词就是the。定冠词具有确定的意思，用以特指人或事物，表示所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以区别于同类中其他的人或事物。常特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，或指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物，或用以复述上文提到过的人或事物，也可用在序数词和形容词最高级前。
1.(2021盐城,1)As an ld saying ges, “He wh has never been t Great Wall is nt a true man.”
A.a B.an C.the D./
2.(2021四川成都,35)Everyne needs t knw imprtance f rubbish srting(分类).
A.an B.不填 C.the
回顾三：零冠词的用法
语言、三餐、学科、球类、节假日、星期、月份、日期、季节、报纸标题、图像说明、文章题目、标志、广告前等不加冠词。
1.(2021南通,1)My family have breakfast tgether every day. This helps us start a day well.
A.不填 B.a C.an D.the
2.(2020宿迁,1)Tm likes playing ftball very much.
A./ B.an C.the D.a
3.(2019淮安,1)T save time, many students have lunch at schl every day.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
随堂练习
1.(2021扬州梅岭中学一模,1)—The Nbel Prize fr Literature 2012 was awarded t M Yan, famus Chinese writer. And he is first Chinese t win the prize.
—Oh, really? Hw great he is!
A.a;a B.a;theC.the;the D.the;a
2.(2021南通崇川一模,1) prize fr the winner f the cmpetitin is a tw-week hliday in Paris, Eurpean city with many great attractins.
A.A;a B.The;aC.A;an D.The;an
3.(2021扬州宝应一模,1)There is ld pian in crner f the living rm.
A.an;the B.an;/C.a;a D.a;the
4.(2021扬州江都一模,1)—Ben, mnitr f yur class, is such hnest by.
—That’s true and we all trust him.
A./;a B./;anC.the;a D.a;an
5.(2021盐城建湖月考,21)It’s reprted that mre and mre children learn t play badmintn at an early age.
A.a B.anC.the D./
6.(2021扬州仪征一模,1)As vlunteer at the Yangzhu Exp 2021, Wei Hua understands idea f green life better than befre.
A.a;an B.a;theC.the;an D.the;the
7.(2021苏州高新区一模,1)—What des yur uncle d?
—He teaches physics at university.
A./;a B.the;theC.the;/ D./;an
高中知识衔接
高中阶段，对于冠词的考查主要体现在特殊性、具体语境方面。因此仅仅掌握初中阶段的规律知识是不够的，还需要继续强化相关知识点，学会在具体语境下掌握冠词的用法。
知识一：不定冠词的特殊用法
1.用来说明事物的同一性质、特征、程度或大小，相当于the same.表示“相同”的意思。如：
They are nearly f an age.他们差不多同年。
The tw shirts are much f a size.这两件衬衫大小差不多。
2.用在表示时间或度量单位的名词前，具有“每一”的意思。如：
The train is running sixty miles an hur.火车正以每小时60英里的速度行驶。
He earns2000 yuan a mnth.他一个月挣2000元。
3.人名前用a或an,表示说话者对此人不认识，相当于a certain,也可以指与某名人有类似性质的人或事物。如：
Our music teacher is a Miss White.我们的音乐老师是一位姓怀特的小姐。
He wishes t becme a Newtn.他希望成为像牛顿那样的人。
4.放在序数词前译成“又，又一，再一”。如：
Why nt try a secnd time?为什么不再试一试呢？
5.放在mst+adj.前译成“很，非常”。如：
He is a mst capable yung man.他是个很有才干的年轻人。
That is a mst useful bk.那是一本非常有用的书。
6.用于两件通常配在一起的东西或两个词同指一物或一人前，但指两件物品或两个人时，两个词分别用a。如：
a red and black skirt一条红黑相间的裙子（一条）a red and a black skirt一条红裙和一条黑裙（两条）7.用于某些固定搭配中。如：
all f a sudden突然an hur r tw一两个小时a lng time很长时间
a few有几个a little有一点as a rule通常
as a result结果，因此as a matter f fact事实上
It's a pity that.….令人遗憾的是……have a lk看一眼have a walk散步
keep an eye fr对……有鉴赏力make a living谋生make a fl f愚弄
经典例题
1.-Have yu seen my ntebk?I can't find it.
-I saw blue ne n the teacher's desk.Is it yurs?
A.theB.aC./D.an
2.He has failed times,but he wn't give up a chance.
A.third;fur B.three:furth C.third:furthD.three;fur
知识二：定冠词的用法
1.在句型“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位”中要用the,而不用人称代词。如：
take sb.by the arm抓住某人的手臂hit sb.in the face打某人的脸
2.用在形容词和副词的最高级前，但副词的最高级常省略the;形容词最高级作表语时，如果不与其他人或物相比，往往也不用the。如：
Winter is the cldest seasn f the year.冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
Wh sings(the)best in yur class?你们班谁唱得最好？
3.用在姓氏复数形式前，表示一家人。如：
The Greens are at table.格林一家正在吃饭。
The Chens will mve t Nanjing.陈家要搬到南京去。
4.by the+单位名词作“按……讲”。如：
by the hur按小时计算by the day(mnth)按日（月）by the yard(ft)按码（尺）
5.用于世纪前或者逢十的复数数词前表示某个年代。如：
in the2020s 21世纪20年代in the thirties30年代
6.用在某些习惯用语中。如：
fr the present暂时n the right/left在右/左边in the east在东边
in the mrning/afternn/evening在上午/下午/晚上in the daytime在白天
in the dark在黑暗中，不知道in the way挡道，碍事
in the end最后n the whle总体上
ut f the questin不可能的
经典例题
The mst imprtant thing abut cttn in histry is part that it played in Industrial Revlutin.
A./;/B.the;/C.the;theD.a;the
【引申】一Have yu seen cartn film Ztpia?
—Of curse.,It's mst interesting film I've ever seen.
A.a;theB.the;aC.a;aD.the;the
知识三：不使用冠词的场合
1.专有名词（人名、地名、国名、节日、月份、星期几、季节）前，一般不用冠词。物质名词或抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如：
Wisdm is better than strength.智慧胜于力量。
Bld is thicker than water.血浓于水。
2.表示学科、疾病、球类、游戏、颜色和感官名词前，不用冠词。如：
Ecnmics is different frm plitics.经济学不同于政治学。
D yu play chess(bridge/cards)?你下棋（玩桥牌/打牌）吗？
White is a beautiful clr.白色是美丽的颜色。
Smell is ne f the five senses.嗅觉是5种感官之一。
注：有些表示疾病的名词需加冠词a或an。如：fever,headache,cugh,cut,wund,pain等。如：have a fever发烧
3.表示餐名。如：breakfast,launch,supper,dinner的名词前，不用冠词。如：
Dinner is ready.饭已经准备好了。
She is at lunch.她在吃午饭。
注：如果具体指某顿饭时要用the,表示类别时要用a。如：
The breakfast I rdered still hasn't arrived.我要的早餐还没送来。
That was a very nice(gd/hearty)supper.那是一顿非常好的（丰盛的）晚餐。
4.表示职务、身份、头衔的名词前不加冠词。如：
We elected him manager f ur cmpany.我们选他为公司的经理。
He was elected president f that cuntry last year.去年他当选为那个国家的总统。
Mther used t d sme cleaning fr that family.母亲以前为那家人做清洁。
5.by与表交通工具的名词连用时，此时的名词前面不加冠词。如：
by plane(air)坐飞机by train乘火车
6.在普通名词/形容词最高级+as/thugh的让步状语从句中，普通名词/形容词最高级前不加冠词。如：
Child as he is,he knws a great deal.他虽然是个孩子，却懂很多事情。
Hard task as he tk,he managed t finish it n time.任务虽然艰巨，他还是准时完成了。
7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时，不用冠词。如：
day and night日夜pen and ink笔墨husband and wife夫妻
father and sn父子sun and mn日月master and servant主仆
点拨
某些介词连接相同或相对的名词时也不用冠词，此外，一些固定词组中不加冠词。如：
step by step逐渐face t face面对面hand in hand手牵手
side by side肩并肩frm tp t bttm从上至下frm mrning till night从早到晚
易错点
冠词有无的区别
a knife and frk一套刀叉a knife and a frk一把刀子和一把叉子
at table在进餐时at the table坐在桌旁
at a cst f以……为价格at the cst f以……为代价
by hand手工做的by the hand挽着手
by day在白天by the day按天计算
by sea乘船by the sea在海滨
fr a mment一会儿，片刻fr the mment暂时，目前
经典例题
1.On news tday,there were reprts f heavy snw in that area.
A.the;theB.the;/C./;/D./;the
2.When he left cllege,he gt a jb as reprter in a newspaper ffice.
A./;aB./;theC.a;theD.the;the
思考总结
我们综合历年高考试题的命题角度和思路，发现对冠词的考查主要体现在语法填空和语法改错中，常考查以下三个方面：
1.不定冠词表示泛指，尤其是元音音素开头的可数名词前填写an;抽象名词具体化使用a。
2.定冠词表示特指，尤其是上文提到的某人或某物，下文再次出现时，使用the。
3.零冠词的误用。如三餐前不使用冠词，西洋乐器前使用定冠词等。
随堂练习
一
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Als knwn as the Snw Dragn, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail frm Shanghai n Nv. 2 last year, beginning cuntry’s 35th Antarctic expeditin.
2.It’s nt all that hard t build an advanced and large vcabulary. Like many things in life,it’s nging prcess.
3.Chaplin liked idea f wrking in the film industry because it wuld mean a new life.
4.Three became plitical leaders;three became dctrs;the mst famus graduate became university teacher and was respnsible fr the intrductin f mdern teaching methds in his cuntry.
Ⅱ.单句改错
5.I’m lucky enugh t make friends with s nice persn.
6.What a impressive experience!
题组二 冠词的习惯用法
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.The sund f the car died away in distance.
2.Eating chclate nce in while makes it easier fr yu t resist eating it all the time.
3.Beavers build themselves curius huts t live in, and quite frequently great number f these huts are placed clse tgether.
4.All f sudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.
二
Traditinal Chinese Wedding
Traditinal Chinese wedding 1 (custm) have been arund fr thusands f 2 (year). They may vary frm place t place and time t time, but have been hlding 3 imprtant psitin in the lives f Chinese peple, causing a far-reaching impact n the way the Chinese lead 4 (they) lives. The traditinal Chinese marriage usually invlves sme necessary prcedures, such as match-making, engagement, meeting the bride, and three 5 (bw). In additin, a typical Chinese wedding nwadays ges like this: when a new cuple is engaged, what fllws is a 6 (chse) f the date f their marriage.
Mst peple wuld favr a bank hliday r a special Chinese festival fr their relatives and friends t attend the wedding. Hwever, quite 7 few thers, especially 8 in the cuntryside, wuld fix a lucky date s that their marriage wuld have “Duble Happiness”. The wedding ceremny is usually hsted warmly and the wedding ceremny very ften ends with 9 unique banquet. Tasts are made t wish the new cuple lng life, everlasting lve and 10 (happy), early birth f a healthy baby and s n.
三
短文改错
It was a hnr t invite Prfessr Hudsn, a freign teachers frm Beijing University, t give us a English lessn. All f we were deeply impressed by this unfrgettable English lessn. The prfessr began the class with an amazing English stries, which attracted ur attentins at nce. He spke slwly and clearly s that we culd fllw her well. Greatly inspired, mst f us tk active part in classrm activities. After class, many students interviewed spke highly f him. They said never befre had they experienced s interesting a class. Frm his lessn, we came t the cnclusin that that is nt s difficult t learn the English if we find a gd way.