专题11.第十一章非谓语动词（初高区别及衔接）--2024年暑假英语初升高衔接之专题突破（牛津译林版）

这是一份专题11.第十一章非谓语动词（初高区别及衔接）--2024年暑假英语初升高衔接之专题突破（牛津译林版），文件包含专题11第十一章非谓语动词初高区别及衔接教师版--英语初升高衔接大串讲牛津译林版docx、专题11第十一章非谓语动词初高区别及衔接学生版--英语初升高衔接大串讲牛津译林版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。

初中学到的非谓语动词，通常充当的是宾语或者宾语补足语的成分
回顾一：后面可跟动词的-ing形式的情况
finish,enjy,practice,imagine,avid,cnsider,suggest,mind,keep等动词后要接动词的-ing形式。
feel like,be busy,be wrth,spend time(in),have difficult/truble in,have fun,等固定短语后面也接动词的-ing形式。
n,in,f,abut,at,with,withut,fr,frm,up,by等介词后也要动词的-ing形式。
1.After (停放)his car, he ges straight t take the plane.
2.—We are nw busy p fr the Senir High Schl Entrance Examinatin.
—I see. Just take it easy.
3.I spent 24 hurs a week (develp) my skills. S I was rewarded with the first place medals in nearly every cmpetitin.
4.It is true that everyne’s dream is wrth (坚持)t.
5.Mst kids like t g s with families in the mall n Sunday, but Jennifer thught differently.
6.Luke,yu have kept my strybk fr tw weeks. Wuld yu mind r it t me right nw?
7.Yu’d better give up (吸烟)t as it may start a fire.
回顾二：后面可跟动词的不定式的情况
agree,affrd,decide,hpe,wish,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,wuld like,want,learn,prefer,seem等动词可跟动词的不定式形式。
1.I can’t wait (see) the Alhambra Palace and ther places f interest.
2.Anna pened her arms, just in time (stp) the ball as it was ging t fall int the river.
3.The hen agreed (d) s, and the eagle flew away.
4.The rbt teachers are used (help)imprve learning.
回顾三：后面既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况
有些动词接ding和t d意义相近，像like(喜欢)，lve(喜欢)等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大。
有些动词后加不定式或动名词，语意区别很大，如：
remember t d(记住要去做)
remember ding(记得已做过)
frget t d(忘记去做)
frget ding(忘记做过)
1.-I think yu shuld stp him in English.
-I see.He can't understand English at all.Let me try in French.
A.talking tB.t talk tC.talk tD.t talking t
回顾四：后面跟不带t的不定式（动词原形）的情况
1.在感官动词和使役动词后
feel,hear,listen t,watch,lk at,see,ntice,make,let,have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号t。注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号t应加上。在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带t,也可不带t。
2.助动词或情态动词后
d,did,des,will,shall,wuld,shuld,can,may,must等后面接不带t的动词不定式。
3.某些固定句型中
(1)在祈使语气（或口语）中。
(2)had better最好做某事
(3)Will(Wuld)yu please(nt)…?请（不要）做某事好吗？
(4)Why nt.?为何不做某事
(5)wuld rather(nt)…宁可（不）；宁愿（不）。此句型也可以扩展成：
wuld t d sth.rather than d sth.
4.I wanted t see the Beijing Opera,s Lingling ffered me t watch an pera.
A.tkB.takesC.t takeD.taking
回顾五：既可跟动词原形又可跟动词-ing形式的情况
see,watch,hear等动词后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。
5.I tried t make Alice her mind but I fund it difficult.
-Well,I saw yu that when I went past.
A.changed;d B.changes;ding
C.change;t d D.change;ding
随堂练习
1.Maybe it is nt always easy (discver)yurself. But if yu d, yu will have a new start.
2.Maybe I can even encurage yu (g) fr a swim.
3.But yu wke up in the middle f the night, nly (find)that yu culdn?t fall back asleep!
4.Uncle Jhn plans (grw)crn t feed pigs.
5.The next day, Sally went (购物)after a quick lunch.
6.The bk I bught yesterday is wrth (阅读).
7.Nw yu’re ready (start)the app.
8.Nevertheless,that shuldn’t stp yu frm (have)a great time.
9.On the ther hand, it is true that yu spend less time (wrk)if yu take a nap.
10.I had t use a really ld, basic phne just (keep)me in tuch with my family and friends.
高中知识衔接
高中阶段，非谓语动词的学习更加深入，我们将要学习到它们充当句子各种成分的用法。
知识一：作主语
不定式短语或者动名词短语作主语时，为了使句子结构平衡，常将不定式短语或者动名词短语放在谓语之后，而用t作形式主语。如：
It is ur duty t give as much help as pssible.提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。
T err is human,t frgive is divine.犯错误是人之常情，宽恕才难能可贵。
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
拓展
动名词和不定式都可作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示一般或抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。
在It is n use/gd,nt any use/gd,useless后人们习惯用动名词。
经典例题
1.-What d yu suppse made her wrried?
a gld ring.
A.LseB.LstC.LsingD.Because f lsing
2. t sunlight fr t much time will d harm t ne's skin.
A.ExpsedB.Having expsedC.Being expsedD.After being expsed
【引申】It's imprtant fr the figures regularly.
A.t be updatedB.t have been updated
C.t updateD.t have updated
知识二：作表语
动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，当表示下一步打算时多用不定式作表语。分词作表语，多表示性质或者状态。如：
My jb is t help the patient.我的工作是帮助病人。
My jb is teaching yu English.我的工作是教你英语。
The news is inspiring.这消息令人鼓舞。
The windw is brken.窗户破了。
拓展
不定式作表语时，不定式前可用what,wh,which,where.when,hw,why等疑问词构成不定式短语。如：
The questin is hw t d the jb well.问题是怎样做好这项工作。
要注意不定式作表语与“be t d'”结构的不同：
不定式作表语说明主语的性质或内容，而“be t d”结构表示安排要做的事情。如：
My next plan is t draw a picture fr the huse.我的下一个计划是为这座房子画一幅图。(不定式作表语)
We are t meet at the schl gate at six.我们约好六点在学校门口见面。(be t d表示安排)
经典例题
In April,thusands f hlidaymakers remained abrad due t the vlcanic ash clud.
A.stickingB.stuckC.t be stuckD.t have stuck
【引申】
Ladies and gentlemen,please remain until the plane has cme t a cmplete stp.
A.seatedB.seatingC.t seatD.seat
知识三：作定语
1动词不定式作定语，常表示将来的动作。如：
The meeting t be held next week will be f great imprtance.下周将要举行的会议极为重要。
说明
作定语的不定式如果与其前面所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，然而动词又为不及物动词，动词后要加介词或副词，使其成为及物动词词组。如：
Will yu find me a pen t write with?你能给我找一支写字的笔吗？
2.单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面，短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面。如：
The questin being discussed is imprtant t us.正讨论的这个问题对我们来说很重要。
The excited peple rushed int the building.兴奋的人们冲进了大楼。
注意：不定式的被动语态作定语表达将来的动作，过去分词作定语表达过去或完成的动作，现在分词被动语态的一般式表达一种正在进行的动作。
(l)The meeting t be held next week is abut hw we can deal with this prblem.下周要开的会是关于我们如何解决这个问题的。(t be held=which is t be held,be t在此表达将来)
(2)The bk published last mnth sells well.上月出版的那本书卖得很好。(published which was published,此时published不可用t be published或being published代替)
(3)The building being built nw will be finished in ten days.正在建筑的那栋楼将在l0天内完工。(being built=which is being built,表示正在进行的动作)
经典例题
The island, t the mainland by a bridge,is easy t g t.
A.jiningB.t jinC.jinedD.having jined
【引申】l.We're having a meeting in hall an hur.The decisin at the meeting will in the future f ur cmpany.
A.t be madeB.being madeC.madeD.having been made
2.Time, crrectly,is mney in the bank.
A.t useB.usedC.usingD.use
知识四：作状语
不定式可以作状语，表示目的、原因、结果。如：
She arrived early in rder t get a gd seat.她到得很早，图的就是弄个好座位。（目的）
The child is t yung t g t schl.这孩子太小，不能去上学。（结果）
We were excited t hear the news.听到这个消息，我们激动了。（原因）
说明
不定式也可以作结果状语，然而不定式多表达意料之外的结果，而现在分词表达意料之中的结果。如：
She went t Shanghai specially t see her brther,nly t find that he had gne t Beijing a few days befre.她专程去上海看望她的兄弟，却发现他几天前去了北京。
They gt up very early that day,finding nbdy in the statin when they gt there.那天他们很早就起床了，到了车站却发现那里空无一人。
经典例题
Sarah pretended t be cheerful, nthing abut the argument.
A.saysB.saidC.t sayD.saying
【引申】
1. t wrk vertime that evening,I missed a wnderful film.
A.Having been askedB.T ask
C.Having askedD.T be asked
2.Tm tk a taxi t the airprt,nly his plane high up in the sky.
A.findingB.t find C.being fundD.t have fund
知识五：非谓语动词的时态与语态
1.不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式形式，既有主动语态又有被动语态两种语态。有td,t be dne,t be ding,t have dne,t have been dne等形式。
(1)不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生。如：
I'm srry t tell yu that yu are wrng this time.我很遗憾地告诉你这次是你错了。
(2)如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。如：
I am very glad t be talking with yu.我很高兴与你交谈。
(3)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。如：
I'm srry t have kept yu waiting fr such a lng time.对不起，让你久等了。
当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。如：
He asked t be sent t wrk in the cuntryside.他要求去农村工作。
2.动名词的时态分为一般式和完成式两种形式。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式；如果与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，则用一般式。如：
I'm srry fr nt having kept my prmise.对不起，我没有遵守诺言。
3.分词的时态和语态。
过去分词表示被动或完成的动作，因而没有完成式和被动语态。
现在分词有一般式和完成式两种形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种语态，有ding,havingdne,having been dne等形式。
经典例题
As the twentieth century came t a clse,the raw materials fr a great natinal literature were at hand,waiting
A.t useB.t be usedC.t have usedD.t be using
【引申】1. arund the fire,the turists danced with the lcal peple.
A.GatherB.T gatherC.GatheringD.T be gathering
2. frm the tp f the twer,the suth ft f the muntain is a sea f trees.
A.SeenB.SeeingC.Having seenD.T see
知识六：现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语，相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。
(1)表示时间，相当于when,while引导的状语从句。例如：
He went thrugh the papers while listening t music.他边浏览报纸，边听音乐。
(2)表示条件，相当于引导的条件状语从句。例如：
Being given nce mre chance,I will finish the task!假如再给我一次机会，我会完成任务的！
(3)表示原因，相当于because,since,fr,as等引导的原因状语从句。例如：
Being ill,she can't g t wrk tday.因为生病，今天她不能上班了。
(4)表示让步，相当于thugh,althugh或n matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。
例如：
Althugh wrking hard every day,we still have endless wrk t deal with.我们即使每天拼命干活，还是有处理不完的工作。
(5)表示结果，相当于结果状语从句。例如：
Their car was caught in a traffic jam,causing the delay.他们的车遇上了交通堵塞，结果耽搁了。
(6)表示方式或伴随状语。例如：
They lay n the grass,lking at the sky.他们躺在草地上，仰望着天空。
思考总结
常见的非谓语动词表达可以用这样一句话来记忆：ing表示主动进行，ed表示被动完成，不定式表示目的结果未发生。其常见的考点为：1.区别现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别；
2.判断不定式的主动形式和被动形式；3.积累只能跟动名词的动词和只能跟不定式的动词。
随堂练习
一
考点一 非谓语动词作宾语
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.It was he that first set up private schls and accepted students frm every walk f life withut (cnsider) their scial status.
2.S I attempted (translate) thrugh the things they were familiar with.
3.In my mind, they’re helping us t becme calm and cnsider (win)and slving real prblems as well.
4.Smetimes, by caring nly abut the cups, we fail (enjy)the cffee.
考点二 非谓语动词作定语
1.The event serves nt nly as a spectacular ceremny t cmmemrate the wrld-famus Chinese philspher, but a chance (celebrate) Chinese culture tgether with ther lcal cmmunities.
2.The fd (prepare) in this way keeps its fresh flavr and it’s this flavr that attracts peple frm ther cuntries t the art f Chinese cking.
3.As he unwrapped the gift, he saw that it was a bk (name) The Greatest Stry Ever Tld.
4.Fr many peple, especially thse (live) in the ld parts f twns, this is undubtedly a prblem.
5.This site reprts science news (cver)a wide range f subjects.
考点三 非谓语动词作主语、表语
1.Fr his secnd appearance in frnt f the camera, Chaplin selected the cstume with which he became (identify).
2. (have) a balanced and healthy diet is anther gd chice.
3.His new idea was (make)the shell shapes n the rf int the shape f a ball.
考点四 非谓语动词作状语
Ⅰ.单句填空
1.Peking pera has a rich list f plays, artists, trupes(剧团), and wide influences, (make)it the leading pera in China.
2. (inspire)by the sparrw hawk(鹰)circling arund in the sky, Lu Ban made ne with bamb and called it “bamb sparrw”.
3.In the Sng Dynasty, peple laded gunpwder n a kite (attack)the enemy by flying it int the sky abve the enemy camp, where it explded and caused chas.
4.They lse weight fr a while, nly (gain) mre when they stp the prgram.
考点五 非谓语动词作补语
1.They start building their huts late in the summer, but d nt get them (finish) befre the early frsts.
2.Gals can help yu d and experience everything yu want in life and gals allw yu (make) yur life happen.
3.During the Qin dynasty,t keep the enemy ut f his empire, Emperr Qin Shihuang had all the walls (jin)up.
4.The rbt is pwered by a battery n its back, which can keep it (perate)fr an hur.
二
The truth that trees are vital t ur life is nt a secret. They prvide us with fd, wd and mst imprtantly, xygen. Nw there is ne mre thing we can add t this list— 1 (blck)ut harmful bacteria frm water.
The discvery was made by a team 2 (cnsist) f scientists frm the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) and high schl students wh were seeking a natural water filter—ne that wuld help cmmunities in 3 (develp) cuntries that d nt have access t mdern water filter systems.
The researchers, 4 (lead) by Prfessr Rhit Karnik, decided 5 (turn) t trees fr help because they culd allw liquid 6 (flw) thrugh, while blcking ut air bubbles.
They began by 7 (cut) 1.5-inch-wide sectins f tree bark frm the branches f a white pine tree. The peple 8 (relate) then tested the wd’s filtering ability by puring water 9 (cntain) red dye particles f different sizes thrugh. T their amazement, they fund that it was effective in trapping all the articles. 10 (encurage), the team cnducted anther experiment, this time with water that cntained bacteria. Sure enugh, the sapwd held back 99% f the bacteria, allwing nly 1% t flw thrugh.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
三
In the summer f 1848, in Guatemala, a man 1 (call) Ambrsi Tut went int the jungle, as he did almst every day. Tut was a gum-cllectr(树胶采集者), 2 (lk) fr gum in the jungle. 3 (d) this, he had t climb the trees. On his particular day, he gt t the tp f ne tree and smething caught his eye. He lked ut acrss the trees and saw the tps f sme ld buildings.
Tut didn’t really knw what he had seen but he knew it was smething special. He ran 4 (tell) the lcal gvernr, and tgether they 5 (walk)int the jungle. There they fund Tikal(蒂卡尔),a city that the Mayans (玛雅人) 6 (build) many hundreds f years befre. The tw men saw temples and pyramids, squares and huses, and places where kings had lived when the Mayan peple ruled the regin.
Fr a lng time befre that day, lcal peple had knwn that smewhere in the jungle there was an ld Mayan city, but n ne had seen it fr centuries. Between 200 and 900 AD, the city f Tikal had been the center f Mayan civilizatin in the regin, but then the Mayans left there and nbdy knws why! After 1000 AD, the jungle began 7 (cver) it and peple frgt that it was there.
Seven years befre Tut lked ut fr the trees, tw British explrers had gne t Guatemala and had written a reprt abut Mayan treasures in the jungle, but they didn’t mentin Tikal. Even earlier than this, lcal Indians had tld Eurpean travelers abut a great city 8 (hide) in the trees, but n ne wuld listen t them. Nw the 9 (lse) city had been fund again, and archaelgists went there immediately 10 (see) it.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
四
Nwadays, mre and mre Chinese are aware f fd waste issues. Even yung peple tend 1 (take) hme their leftvers when 2 (dine) ut, mst f whm wuld pack the dish in a dggie bag if the leftvers are still in gd shape and there are als a lt left, accrding t the survey 3 (cnduct) by China Yuth Daily. The peple 4 (bear) in the 1980s r 1990s believe that 5 (save) fd is a virtue.
Yung peple als gave their pinins n hw 6 (help) reduce fd waste. Sme advised restaurants 7 (ffer) the serving chpsticks, which wuld be helpful fr custmers 8 (pack) the leftvers. Others said it might be useful t prmte smaller r half-prtin dishes. Anther gd suggestin is that catering businesses give away cupns (优惠券) t custmers wh clear their plates at dinner.
China launched a campaign against fd waste in 2013 and renewed the call early this year 9 (create)an increasingly prsperus sciety. We can all play a part in 10 (reach) the natinal fd waste reductin gal—t reduce fd waste by 50% in the next 10 years.
五
The stry happened in ancient times. A king was s clever that he thught f a gd way 1 (test) whether his men were reliable.
One day, he had a huge rck 2 (place) n a radway at night. Then he hid himself nearby and watched carefully t see if anyne wuld remve the big rck. Sme wealthy businessmen and high fficials came by, but they simply walked arund it. Many f them even ludly blamed the king fr nt 3 (keep) the rads clear, but nne f them wuld bther 4 (get) the big stne ut f the way.
Then a villager came alng 5 (carry) a lad f vegetables. On appraching the big rck, he stpped and laid dwn his burden, 6 (try) hard t mve the stne t the side f the rad. After 7 (push) many times, he finally succeeded. As the villager picked up his lad f vegetables, he nticed a purse 8 (lie) in the rad where the rck had been. The purse cntained many gld cins and a nte frm the king, 9 (say) that the gld was fr the persn wh remved the huge rck frm the rad.
The villager learned a valuable lessn that many thers wuld never understand: Every bstacle presents an pprtunity 10 (imprve) ne's cnditin.
六
短文改错
My name is Jack. Knw that the Student Unin is lking fr vlunteers, I am writing t making an applicatin.
I really want get this pprtunity. By ffer my service, nt nly will I be able t imprve my ral English and cmmunicatin skills, but I can als make mre friend. As an utging by, I am warm-hearted and always enjy help thers. I nce tk part in an activity being rganized by the lcal cmmunity t ffer help fr sme hmeless peple. Besides, I am fluent in English s I have n difficulty cmmunicate with English speakers. In a wrd, I believe I am qualified fr the psitin.
Hpeful, yu will take my applicatin int cnsideratin. Lking frward t yur reply.