专题26 短文填空 考点2 选词填空-备战2024年中考之2023年中考真题汇编（全国通用）

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（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）
从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空、使短文完整、通顺（每空一词，每词限用一次）。
Once in a physics class, the teacher asked students, “Why d we have brakes (刹车) in ur cars?” Sn, students gave different answers. A student 1 up and replied, “Sir, t stp the car.” Anther ne said, “T reduce and cntrl the speed f the car.”
Hwever, 2 f the answers was the same as the teacher’s. Then he said, “All f yur answers are right. But in my pinin, the brakes in the car make us able t drive much 3 .”
“If the car has n brakes, hw fast are we ready t drive? It is the brakes in the car that give us 4 t drive fast and safely.” Listening t this, the whle class was 5 because n ne had imagined this answer.
Similarly, there are many such “brakes” in ur life, which seem t stp us. Fr example, ur parents may ask 6 abut prgress r decisins in life. Their 7 r suggestins may be cnsidered as “brakes” which stand in ur way. But we can see them as ur supprters which can 8 us while taking risks. Smetimes, we have t stp r even step back, s that we can take a big step.
In fact, it is the “brakes” in life that help us a lt. 9 these “brakes”, we culd lse ur directin r get int danger. S we need t understand that “brakes” in ur life are nt meant t push us back 10 t make us mve frward mre quickly than befre.
【答案】
1．std 2．nne 3．faster 4．curage 5．silent 6．us 7．questins 8．prtect 9．Withut 10．but
【导语】本文主要通过老师在物理课上讲述刹车的作用来告诉学生一个哲理：把生活中你所认为的阻碍看成让我们积极向上奋斗的保障，他们的存在是为了让我们更好地前进。
1．句意：一个学生站起来回答说：“先生，停车。”根据“ and replied”可知，站起来回答问题，stand up“起立”，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填std。
2．句意：然而，没有一个答案与老师的相同。根据“Hwever, the answers was the same as the teacher’s.”可知，没有一个答案与老师的相同，nne“没有一个”符合语境，故填nne。
3．句意：但在我看来，汽车里的刹车使我们能够开得更快。根据“the brakes in the car make us able t drive much...”可知，老师认为汽车里的刹车使我们能够开得更快，fast“快地”，much修饰比较级。故填faster。
4．句意：正是刹车给了我们勇气，让我们安全地快速驾驶。根据“It is the brakes in the car that give drive fast and safely.”可知，刹车给了我们安全快速驾驶的勇气，curage“勇气”，在动词后作宾语。故填curage。
5．句意：听了这话，全班鸦雀无声，因为谁也没有想到这个答案。根据“the whle class n ne had imagined this answer”可知，全班鸦雀无声，silent“无声的”，在句中作表语。故填silent。
6．句意：例如，我们的父母可能会问我们关于生活中的进步或决定。根据“ur parents may prgress r decisins in life”可知，父母问我们关于生活中的进步或决定，用宾格us在动词后作宾语。故填us。
7．句意：他们的问题或建议可能被视为挡在我们路上的“刹车”。根据“ suggestins may be cnsidered as ‘brakes’ which stand in ur way.”可知，父母的问题或建议是我们生活中的“刹车”，questin“问题”，此处与“suggestins”并列，使用名词复数形式。故填questins。
8．句意：但我们可以把他们看作是我们的支持者，他们可以在我们冒险的时候保护我们。根据“But we can see them as ur supprters which while taking risks.”可知，他们可以在我们冒险的时候保护我们，prtect“保护”，情态动词can后用动词原形。故填prtect。
9．句意：没有这些“刹车”，我们可能会迷失方向或陷入危险。根据“ ‘brakes’, we culd lse ur directin r get int danger.”可知，没有“刹车”可能会失去方向或陷入危险，withut“没有”符合语境，句首需大写首字母。故填Withut。
10．句意：因此，我们需要明白，生活中的“刹车”不是为了让我们倒退，而是为了让我们比以前更快地前进。分析“S we need t understand that ‘brakes’ in ur life are nt meant t push us make us mve frward mre quickly than befre.”可知，此处是结构，意为“不是……而是……”，故填but。
（2023·甘肃天水·统考中考真题）
用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯，每个单词或短语限用一次。
【答案】
11．having 12．friends 13．what 14．yu 15．lk up 16．r 17．in 18．silly 19．a little 20．smetimes
【导语】本文是玛丽写给李明的信，希望和对方成为笔友，并介绍自己的一些事情。
11．句意：我盼望有一个笔友已经很久了。此空位于lk frward t，应用动名词作宾语，结合选词可知have“有”的动名词having符合语境，故填having。
12．句意：我希望我们能成为好朋友！根据“pen pal”可知希望对方和成为朋友，friend“朋友”，可数名词，此处应用复数，故填friends。
13．句意：自从我从我的老师布朗夫人那里得到你的名字和地址后，我就一直在考虑写些什么。此处应该是“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，结合选词可知what“什么”符合，故填what。
14．句意：首先，我想告诉你在伦敦上学是什么感觉。根据“First, I thught f it’s like ”可知是告诉对方，应用第二人称yu，故填yu。
15．句意：但后来，我觉得你可以在网上查一下伦敦，自己读一下。根据“I thught yu n the internet and read abut it”可知是指上网查询一下伦敦，lk up“查阅”，动词短语，culd后加动词原形，故填lk up。
16．句意：然后我想告诉你我的家庭，但我意识到我弟弟掉牙的故事或者我们养了一只新小猫的故事可能有点无聊。根据“I realized that the stry f my little brther lsing a time we gt a new kitten might be kind f bring.”结合选词可知，两句话之间是选择关系，应用r“或者”，故填r。
17．句意：在那之后，我想问你在甘肃生活是什么样的，但我担心你会认为我的问题很傻。根据“ what it’s like t ”可知此处是固定短语live in“居住”，故填in。
18．句意：在那之后，我想问你在甘肃生活是什么样的，但我担心你会认为我的问题很傻。此空应填形容词作表语，结合选词silly“愚蠢的”符合语境，故填silly。
19．句意：我想我可以介绍一下我自己。根据“I guess I can tell myself.”结合选项可知a little“一点”符合语境，故填a little。
20．句意：我有时很难下定决心！此空应填作状语的词，结合选词可知smetime“有时候”符合语境，故填smetimes。
（2023·湖北随州·统考中考真题）
从方框中选择适当的单词，并用其适当的形式完成短文，每词只能用一次，每空一词。
Save the Sharks!Many have heard f shark fin sup. This famus and expensive dish is especially ppular 21 suthern China. But d yu realize that yu’re 22 a whle shark each time yu enjy a bwl f shark fin sup?
When peple catch sharks, they cut ff 23 fins and thrw the sharks back int the cean. This is nt nly cruel, but als 24 t the envirnment. Withut a fin, a shark can n lnger swim and 25 dies. Sharks are at the tp f the fd chain in the cean’s ecsystem. 26 their numbers drp t lw, it will bring danger t all cean life. Many believe that sharks can never be endangered because they are the 27 in their fd chain. But in fact, arund 70 millin sharks are caught and 28 in this industry every year. The numbers f sme kinds f sharks have fallen by ver 90 percent in the last 20 t 30 years.
Envirnmental prtectin 29 arund the wrld, such as WildAid and the WWF, are teaching the public abut “finning”. They have even asked gvernments t develp laws t stp the sale f shark fins. S 30 , n scientific studies have shwn that shark fins are gd fr health, s why eat them? Help save the sharks!
【答案】
21．in 22．killing 23．their 24．harmful 25．slwly 26．If 27．strngest 28．traded 29．grups 30．far
【导语】本文主要是呼吁保护鲨鱼，从而保护我们的海洋生物。
21．句意：这道名菜在中国南方特别受欢迎。根据“suthern China”可知，在中国南方，用介词in。故填in。
22．句意：但你是否意识到，每次享用一碗鱼翅汤，你都会杀死一整条鲨鱼？根据“yu’re…a whle shark each time”可知，每次吃鱼翅汤，都正在杀死一条鲨鱼，空格处应用kill的现在分词形式。故填killing。
23．句意：当人们捕捉鲨鱼的时候，他们割下鲨鱼的鳍，然后把鲨鱼扔回海里面。根据“catch sharks”可知空格处应用they的形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
24．句意：这不仅残忍，还对环境有害。根据“t the envirnment”可知，对环境有害，be harmful t“对……有害”，是固定短语。故填harmful。
25．句意：没有了鳍，鲨鱼再也不能游泳，而且慢慢死亡。空格处缺少副词，根据常识可知鲨鱼没有鳍会慢慢死亡，空格处应用slw的副词slwly。故填slwly。
26．句意：如果它们的数量下降得太低，这将给所有海洋生物带来危险。根据“it will bring danger t all cean life”可知，如果鲨鱼数量太少，会给海洋生物带来危险，空格处应用if引导条件状语从句，句首字母要大写。故填If。
27．句意：许多人认为鲨鱼永远不会受到威胁，因为它们在它们的食物链中是最强大的。根据“Many believe that sharks can never be endangered”可知，许多人认为鲨鱼不会受到威胁，说明它们最强大，空格处应用strng的最高级strngest。故填strngest。
28．句意：但事实上，每年大约7000万条鲨鱼被捕获并在行业内交易。根据“sharks are caught and…in this industry”和备选词汇可知，鲨鱼被捕之后就被交易，空格处应用trade的过去分词traded。故填traded。
29．句意：全世界的环境保护组织，例如野生救援协会和世界自然基金会，正教育公众有关“割鳍（获取鱼鳍而猎杀鲨鱼）”的行为。根据“such as WildAid and the WWF”和备选词汇可知，这里是指环境保护组织，应用grup的复数形式。故填grups。
30．句意：到目前为止，没有科学研究表明鱼翅对健康有益，因此，为什么吃它们？s far“到目前为止”，是固定表达。故填far。
（2023·山东泰安·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺、完整，每词限用一次。
ChatGPT is an AI system(系统) that can have a discussin and create written wrk. It can create material based n what it has learned 31 digital bks and nline naissance. Nw three high schl students in Cyprus have develped an 32 rbt with the help f their teachers. It is special as it uses ChatGPT AI technlgy.
The rbt is named AInstein. It is the size f a small adult and even has a screen fr a face that appears t shw human facial(面部) 33 . It speaks a Nrth American frm f English. And it can tell jkes, like “ 34 was the math bk sad? Because it had t many prblems.” The rbt enjys 35 science bks and spending time playing the vilin.
The creatrs f AInstein want t use the technlgy t 36 learning experiences in the classrm. In fact, there 37 be a place fr rbts in educatin after all. British educatin expert Anthny Seldn predicts that rbts will take ver the classrm in 2027 and teachers will wrk as their helpers.
One thing is certain, thugh. A rbt teacher is 38 than n teacher at all. In sme parts f the wrld, there aren’t 39 teachers and 9—16 percent f children under the age f 14 dn’t g t schl. That prblem culd be partly 40 by rbts, because they can teach anywhere and wn’t get stressed, r tired, r mve smewhere fr an easier, higher-paid jb.
【答案】
31．frm 32．unusual 33．expressins 34．Why 35．reading 36．imprve 37．might 38．better 39．enugh 40．slved
【导语】本文主要介绍了塞浦路斯的三名高中生在老师的帮助下发明了一种不同寻常的机器人，它使用了ChatGPT人工智能技术。
31．句意：它可以根据从数字书籍和在线诞生中学到的东西来创作材料。根据“what it has bks and nline naissance.”结合选词可知是指从中学习来创作材料，learn frm“从……学习”，故填frm。
32．句意：现在，塞浦路斯的三名高中生在老师的帮助下发明了一种不同寻常的机器人。此空应填形容词作定语，且以元音音素开头，结合“It is special”可知unusual“不同寻常的”符合语境，故填unusual。
33．句意：它的大小相当于一个小成人，甚至还有一个屏幕，可以显示人类的面部表情。根据“a face that appears t shw human facial(面部)”可知此处是指面部表情，应用expressin“表情”，此处应用复数表示泛指，故填expressins。
34．句意：为什么数学书是悲伤的？根据“Because it had t many prblems”可知是问原因，应用why，故填Why。
35．句意：机器人喜欢阅读科学书籍和拉小提琴。enjy ding sth“喜欢做某事”，此处应填动名词作宾语，结合选词可知reading“阅读”符合语境，故填reading。
36．句意：“爱因斯坦”的发明者希望利用这项技术改善课堂上的学习体验。此空位于动词不定式后，应用动词原形，结合选词可知是指改善课堂上的学习体验，应用动词imprve“改善”，故填imprve。
37．句意：事实上，机器人终究有可能在教育领域占有一席之地。根据“In fact, a place fr rbts in educatin after all”结合选词可知是指机器人有可能在教育领域占有一席之地，应用情态动词might“可能”，故填might。
38．句意：机器人老师总比没有老师好。根据“than”可知应该用形容词比较级，结合语境和选词可知gd的比较级better符合，故填better。
39．句意：在世界上的一些地方，没有足够的教师，9—16%的14岁以下儿童没有上学。根据“In sme parts f the wrld, there aren’ ”可知是指没有足够的教师，应用enugh“足够的”，故填enugh。
40．句意：机器人可以在一定程度上解决这个问题，因为它们可以在任何地方教书，不会感到压力或疲劳，也不会为了一份更容易、薪水更高的工作而搬到其他地方。根据“That prblem culd be rbts,”可知是指解决问题，应用slve表示“解决”，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态，动词用过去分词，故填slved。
（2023·山西·统考中考真题）
请阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，用方框中所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯，并将答案写在答题卡相应的位置上。方框中有两个词为多余项。
Last year we had a new classmate. 41 name is Danny. He was tall and handsme with dark brwn eyes. Many classmates liked him.
One day, we 42 that we wuld have a schl trip at the end f the mnth. The whle class gt very excited and the girls began t discuss what t wear and what t bring with them. But Danny simply tld everyne he wuldn’t g.
“Dn’t yu like it, Danny?” ur teacher Mr. Sims asked with 43 .
Danny std up and said, “It’s t much mney fr me. My dad is ill in bed. My mm 44 in a supermarket every day. I’m nt asking them fr mney.”
“I’m very prud f yu that yu can understand yur 45 . Nt every student f yur age can think abut this,” Mr. Sims replied.
Then Mr. Sims said t the class, “This year, we are ging t d things 46 . Wuld yu like t raise mney fr the trip by yurselves? I hpe each f yu can cme up with at least ne idea. And we 47 a plan tmrrw.”
“Well, my family can affrd the trip. D I still have t d that?” Shelly asked.
“Shelly, this will be a different and 48 learning experience fr everyne, whether yu have the mney r nt.”
That day, we knew Danny 49 than befre because he was nt nly hnest but als brave. His behavir（行为）helped us 50 what his family had r didn’t have culdn’t decide wh he was. He wn the respect f many f us.
【答案】
41．His 42．were tld 43．kindness 44．wrks 45．parents 46．differently 47．are ging t make/will make 48．valuable 49．mre 50．understand/t understand
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述班里的新同学丹尼因为家庭条件不好而不想参与学校旅行，西姆斯先生知道后让全班同学都计划为自己的旅行筹钱，丹尼的诚实和勇敢赢得了同学们的尊重。
41．句意：他的名字叫丹尼。“Danny”是一个男孩，用his作定语修饰name，故填His。
42．句意：有一天，我们被告知我们将在月底进行一次学校旅行。根据“ we wuld have a schl trip at the end f the mnth”可知，我们被告知要去学校旅行，tell“告诉”，本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were tld。
43．句意：“你不喜欢吗，丹尼？”我们的老师西姆斯先生和蔼地问道。根据“ur teacher Mr. Sims asked with...”可知，老师带着善意询问，用名词kindness作介词的宾语，故填kindness。
44．句意：我妈妈每天都在超市工作。根据“My a supermarket every day.”可知，丹尼的妈妈在超市工作，wrk“工作”，时态是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单。故填wrks。
45．句意：我为你感到骄傲，你能理解你的父母。根据“I’m very prud f yu that yu can understand yur...”可知，老师很欣慰丹尼理解父母，parents“父母”，在动词后作宾语，故填parents。
46．句意：今年，我们要做一些不同的事情。根据“we are ging t d things...”可知，要做一些不同的事情，用副词differently修饰动词，故填differently。
47．句意：明天我们要制定一个计划。根据“And plan tmrrw.”可知，此处是make a plan短语，意为“制定计划”，时态是一般将来时。故填are ging t make/will make。
48．句意：雪莉，不管你有钱与否，这对每个人来说都是一次不同的宝贵的学习经历。根据“this will be a different experience fr everyne”可知，这对每个人来说都是一次不同的宝贵的学习经历，用形容词valuable作定语修饰其后的名词。故填valuable。
49．句意：那天，我们比以前更了解丹尼了，因为他不仅诚实而且勇敢。根据“we knew befre”可知，比以前更了解丹尼，mre“更”符合语境，故填mre。
50．句意：他的行为帮助我们理解了他的家庭有什么或没有什么并不能决定他是谁。根据“His behavir（行为）helped his family had r didn’t have culdn’t decide wh he was.”可知，他的行为帮助我们理解了他的家庭有什么或没有什么并不能决定他是谁。understand“理解”，help sb (t) d sth“帮助某人做某事”，故填(t) understand。
（2023·河南·统考中考真题）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
Imagine yu are cllecting sme infrmatin abut winter traditins f nrthern China. Yu pen a vide that yu think it culd be 51 t yu. But it takes time t lad(加载). After ten secnds, it hasn’t even 52 yet. Will yu cntinue t wait patiently?
Cmputer science expert Ramesh Sitaraman placed 6. 7 millin peple in a 53 similar t the ne abve. Accrding t 54 study, 52% f peple wuld give up waiting fr the vide after nly tw secnds. And with every secnd passing, anther 5.8 percent f peple wuld 55 t give up. Sitaraman’s research shws that peple are becming less and less patient. Because f the fast Internet speed, we are used t 56 “instant gratificatin (即时满足)”. We expect t get what we want withut waiting. When we dn’t get what we want 57 , we will be wrried r even angry. This happens in frnt f ur 58 and beynd.
But being 59 desn’t just slve yur trubles. It is als the key t success in life. T sme degree, many peple including J. K. Rwling and Deng Qingming succeed 60 they are quite patient. When yu want t get instant gratificatin next time, remember that gd things d take time. It’s better t be patient.
【答案】
51．helpful 52．played 53．situatin 54．his 55．chse 56．receiving 57．shrtly 58．screens 59．patient 60．because
【导语】本文介绍了一个计算机科学专家拉梅什·西塔拉曼做的研究，发现人们正变得越来越没有耐心。所以作者建议我们保持耐心，这不仅能解决问题，同时也是人生成功的关键。
51．句意：你打开一个你认为对你有帮助的视频。此空应填形容词作表语，结合“Yu pen a vide that yu think it culd yu. ”和选词可知help的形容词helpful“有帮助的”符合语境，故填helpful。
52．句意：十秒钟后，它还没播放。此空应填动词，结合“But it takes time t lad(加载). After ten secnds,”可知是指视频没有播放，应用动词play，由“hasn’t”可知动词应用过去分词构成现在完成时，故填played。
53．句意：计算机科学专家拉梅什·西塔拉曼将670万人置于与上述情况类似的境地。此空位于a后，应填名词，结合选词可知situatin“情况”符合语境，故填situatin。
54．句意：根据他的研究，52%的人会在两秒钟后放弃等待视频。根据“Accrding ”可知是指拉梅什·西塔拉曼的研究，此处应填形容词性物主代词his，故填his。
55．句意：每过一秒，就有5.8%的人选择放弃。此空位于wuld后，应用动词原形，结合选词可知此处是表示选择放弃，chse“选择”符合语境，故填chse。
56．句意：由于互联网速度快，我们习惯于接受“即时满足”。be used t ding sth“习惯做某事”，为固定短语，此处应填动名词作宾语，结合“instant gratificatin (即时满足)”和选词可知我们习惯于接受“即时满足”，receive“接收”，动名词为receiving。故填receiving。
57．句意：当我们不能很快得到我们想要的东西时，我们会担心甚至生气。此空应填副词修饰动词，结合选词可知shrt的副词shrtly“马上，立刻”符合语境，故填shrtly。
58．句意：这发生在我们的屏幕前和屏幕之外。此空应填名词作宾语，根据“This happens in frnt f beynd.”和选词可知是指这样的情况发生屏幕前和屏幕之外，screen“屏幕”，可数名词，此处应填名词复数，故填screens。
59．句意：但保持耐心不仅能解决你的问题。根据下文“they are quite patient”可知作者建议保持耐心，patient“耐心的”，形容词作表语，故填patient。
60．句意：在某种程度上，包括J. K.罗琳和邓清明在内的许多人的成功都是因为他们很有耐心。根据“many peple including J. K. Rwling and Deng Qingming are quite patient.”可知前后是因果关系，前果后因，应用because连接，故填because。
（2023·陕西·统考中考真题）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次，每空限填一个单词。）
Nature is wnderful. It 61 ur best teacher. It teaches us a lt and we are brn t learn frm it t slve 62 . Fr example, scientists used what they saw in nature t imprve ur way f travelling. In days f high-speed train research and 63 , scientists were nce faced with a nise prblem. The trains pushed air thrugh tunnels at 64 speeds. S, when a train came ut f a tunnel, it culd be very, very 65 . Hwever, kingfisher birds hardly make a sund when they get int lakes r rivers. Engineers 66 a clever idea. They changed the frnt f the trains t match the shape f the kingfisher. Then the air culd 67 pass ver the trains. The prblem was slved!
The kingfisher 68 example is just ne that we learned frm nature. Scientists study the smart mdels that nature can 69 . Then they use their wisdm(智慧) and imaginatin t design new prducts. Nature prvides us with 70 pssibilities t find wnderful ways t imprve ur lives. Learning frm nature knws n bunds(永无止境)!
【答案】
61．is 62．prblems 63．develpment 64．high 65．nisy 66．gt 67．easily 68．bird’s/birds’ 69．ffer 70．endless
【导语】本文介绍了人们从大自然中学到很多东西，并举例说明从翠鸟中学习到，如何解决高速列车研发中出现的噪音问题。
61．句意：它是我们最好的老师。本句陈述一般事实，需用一般现在时；且主语是It，be动词用is。故填is。
62．句意：它教会了我们很多东西，我们天生就会从中学习来解决问题。根据“slve”可知是解决问题，prblem“问题”，空处需用复数形式表示泛指。故填prblems。
63．句意：在高速列车研发的日子里，科学家们曾经面临着一个噪音问题。根据“research and...”可知此处and连接两个并列名词，develpment“开发，研发”符合语境。故填develpment。
64．句意：火车以高速推动空气通过隧道。根据“The trains pushed air thrugh tunnels ”和常识可知火车通过隧道时速度非常快。at high speeds“高速行驶时”。故填high。
65．句意：所以，当火车驶出隧道时，可能会非常非常吵。根据“it culd be very, very...”和常识可知此时会很吵。be动词后跟形容词nisy“吵闹的”，作表语。故填nisy。
66．句意：工程师们想出了一个聪明的主意。根据“They changed the frnt f the trains t match the shape f the kingfisher”可知想出了一个主意。get“获得”符合语境；且本句是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填gt。
67．句意：这样空气就可以很容易地通过火车。根据“The prblem was slved!”可知此处是指空气很容易地通过火车。空处需用副词修饰动词短语。easily“容易地”。故填easily。
68．句意：翠鸟的例子只是我们从大自然中学到的一个例子。根据“The ”可知此处是指翠鸟的例子。bird“鸟”，空处可用单数形式所有格，也可用复数形式的所有格。故填bird’s/birds’。
69．句意：科学家研究自然可以提供智能模型。根据“Scientists study the smart mdels that nature can...”和全文可知大自然为人们提供了很多模型。ffer“提供”；can后跟动词原形。故填ffer。
70．句意：大自然为我们提供了无限的可能性，让我们找到改善生活的奇妙方法。根据“Learning frm nature knws n bunds(永无止境)!”可知是指无限的可能性。endless“无穷无尽的，无限的”，形容词作作定语。故填endless。
（2023·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）
请认真阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次。
The Shenzhu XV missin (飞行任务) crew (乘组) returned t Earth n June 4 after a six-mnth missin. The crew 71 are Fei Junlng, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu.
After everything was ready, the astrnauts were carried ut f the capsule (返回舱) ne by ne and placed n chairs 72 the capsule. Then, the astrnauts shared their feelings and thughts with a reprter frm CCTV in a live prgram. Fei said, “We have 73 ur tasks befre returning safely t Earth. We are all in gd cnditin.” Deng said, “I expected the chance t fly int space fr twenty-five years. It was the 74 mment f my life t knw that I culd be in the missin.” Zhang said, “We will g back t training as sn as pssible. We will always be ready t return t space.”
After the interview, the astrnauts were 75 away fr health checks.
【答案】71．members 72．in frnt f 73．cmpleted 74．happiest 75．mved
【导语】本文主要介绍了神舟15号机组人员返回地球的情况。
71．句意：机组人员是费俊龙、邓清明和张陆。根据“The Fei Junlng, Deng Qingming and Zhang Lu.”可知是指神州15号的机组人员，应用member“成员”，可数名词，结合are可知名词用复数，故填members。
72．句意：一切准备就绪后，宇航员被一个接一个地抬出太空舱，坐在太空舱前面的椅子上。根据“placed n capsule.”可知前后是位置关系，结合选词可知in frnt f“在……前面”符合语境，故填in frnt f。
73．句意：在安全返回地球之前，我们已经完成了任务。根据“ur tasks”可知是指完成任务，应用cmplete“完成”，结合“have”可知本句是现在完成时，动词用过去分词，故填cmpleted。
74．句意：那是我一生中最快乐的时刻，因为我知道我可以参与这项任务。根据“”可知此空应填形容词最高级，结合选词可知happy的最高级happiest符合语境，故填happiest。
75．句意：采访结束后，宇航员们被转移到其他地方进行健康检查。根据“After the interview, the astrnauts fr health checks.”可知宇航员们被转移到其他地方进行健康检查，mve“移动”，是动词，此处动词和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，动词用过去分词，故填mved。
（2023·江西·统考中考真题）
Many years ag, there were many states in China. The State f Qi used t be very strng, but it became less pwerful. Yan Zi was a 76 adviser, s the king f Qi sent him t ask Chu t supprt each ther.
The king f Chu knew Yan Zi was very shrt. He tried t make Yan Zi feel shy abut his 77 . When Yan Zi arrived, the guard tld him 78 thrugh the small gate. Yan Zi didn’t get angry. “Only a state f dgs will greet 79 with a gate fr dgs. I’m visiting the State f Chu. This gate isn’t fr me.” Yan Zi said. S the guard had t take him thrugh the main gate.
The king f Chu was unhappy at 80 Yan Zi did. “Why did Qi send YOU? Dn’t they have anyne better?” the king tried 81 way.
“If Qi meets a great king, it’ll send the best ambassadr (使臣). I’m the wrst. That’s why I’m here.” Yan Zi replied calmly (镇定地). At this time, the guards brught a thief (小偷) t the king. The thief was frm Qi. “Ha! Yan Zi, is Qi a state f thieves?” asked the king 82 .
Yan Zi replied, “The range trees suth f Huai River prduce big and delicius fruit, 83 the range trees nrth f Huai River prduce small and sur fruit. The 84 makes the fruit grw differently. In Qi, peple are gd and hnest, but here, they 85 . What made that persn a thief here?” Finally, the king lked at Yan Zi and 86 , “I was wrng abut yu and yur state!”
【答案】
76．wise 77．height 78．t enter 79．visitrs 80．what 81．anther 82．implitely 83．while 84．envirnment 85．steal 86．laughed
【导语】本文主要介绍了晏子使楚的故事。
76．句意：晏子是一个聪明的谋士。根据“”以及下文的描述可知，他非常的聪明，wise“聪明的”。故填wise。
77．句意：他试图让晏子对自己的身高感到羞愧。根据“Yan Zi was very shrt”可知是对他的身高感到羞愧，height“身高”。故填height。
78．句意：晏子到了，卫兵叫他从小门进去。根据“thrugh the small gate”可知是从小门进，enter“进入”，tell sb. t d sth.“告诉某人做某事”。故填t enter。
79．句意：只有狗国才会用狗门迎接来访者。根据“ a gate fr dgs”可知是迎接参观者，visitr“参观者”，此处表示泛指用名词复数。故填visitrs。
80．句意：楚王对晏子的所作所为感到不满。宾语从句中缺少did的宾语，用what引导宾语从句。故填what。
81．句意：国王试了另一种方法。根据“”可知国王尝试了另一个方法，anther“另一个”。故填anther。
82．句意：国王不礼貌地问。根据“is Qi a state f thieves”可知国王这样问很不礼貌，修饰动词asked用副词implitely“不礼貌地”。故填implitely。
83．句意：橘生淮南则为橘，生于淮北则为枳。前后两句是对比关系，用while“然而”连接。故填while。
84．句意：环境使水果的生长方式不同。根据“makes the fruit grw differently”可知环境让水果的生长方式不同，envirnment“环境”。故填envirnment。
85．句意：在这里，他们偷窃。根据“What made that persn a thief here”可知他们在这里偷窃，steal“偷窃”，句子用一般现在时，主语是they，谓语动词用原形。故填steal。
86．句意：国王看着晏子，笑道。根据“lked at Yan Zi and...”可知国王听了晏子的话之后笑了，laugh“笑”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填laughed。
（2023·四川广安·统考中考真题）
根据短文内容用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空，每空一词，每词一次，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应位置。
When I was in primary schl, I fell in lve with reading. The bks brught a wnderful wrld t 87 . The mre I read, the mre I wanted t knw. Hwever, my parents culd nt 88 s many bks. I had t slve the prblem myself.
There was a 89 near my hme. One day I walked int the bkshp and 90 up a bk. I didn’t knw whether I culd read there withut buying any bks. T make sure, I just read a 91 pages and then put it back. 92 , n ne nticed me. After that, I went there t read every day. Several days later, while I was reading, the wner came up and asked, “Yu like reading?” I lked dwn and replied nervusly, “Yes.” “Dn’t wrry,” he said with a smile, “Yu may read bks here 93 yu help me clean the shp.” I felt quite 94 , “Ww! It’s s kind f yu!” Frm then n, I spent a little time cleaning the shp. After that, I quietly read there. Finally, I became ne f 95 best writers in ur schl.
Nw studying in high schl, I can brrw bks 96 the library. My hbby f reading is kept. It will make a big difference t my life.
【答案】
87．me 88．affrd 89．bkshp 90．picked 91．few 92．Luckily 93．if 94．excited 95．the 96．frm
【导语】本文讲述了作者从小学时就喜欢阅读，书把他带入到了五彩缤纷的世界之中。经过不断努力，作者涉猎了方方面面的书籍，开阔了视野，提高了能力，成为学校里最好的作家之一。
87．句意：这些书给我带来了一个奇妙的世界。根据“The bks brught a wnderful wrld t...”可知书给作者带来了一个奇妙的世界，此处应用第一人称，位于t后，应用宾格代词me。故填me。
88．句意：然而，我的父母买不起这么多书。根据“Hwever, my parents culd many bks. ”可知作者家承担不起买这么多书，affrd“负担得起”，动词，culd后加动词原形，故填affrd。
89．句意：我家附近有一家书店。根据“ One day I walked int the bkshp”可知是指书店，应用bkshp，故填bkshp。
90．句意：一天，我走进书店，拿起一本书。此处是指拿起一本书，应用pick up“拿起”，根据前句可知句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填picked。
91．句意：为了确定，我只读了几页，然后放回原处。根据“I just read ”可知作者只是看了几页，a few“少许”，故填few。
92．句意：幸运的是没有人注意到我。此空应填副词修饰整句，结合选词可知lucky的副词luckily“幸运地”符合语境，故填Luckily。
93．句意：如果你帮我打扫书店，你就可以在这里看书。根据“Yu may read bks help me clean the shp”可知后句是前句的条件，应用if“如果”引导条件状语从句，故填if。
94．句意：我感到很兴奋。此空应填形容词作表语，结合语境可知店主允许作者帮忙就可以看书，作者应该很激动，excited“激动的”符合语境，故填excited。
95．句意：最后，我成为了我们学校最好的作家之一。此处是ne f the+形容词最高级+名词复数的结构，故填the。
96．句意：现在在高中学习，我可以从图书馆借书。“从……借……”符合语境，故填frm。
（2023·浙江宁波·统考中考真题）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次（每空一词）。
Last year, my friends and I went n a trip. We started early in the mrning and traveled fr several 97 n a bus. When we arrived, everyne was tired.
While we were getting ff the bus, I nticed a yung man, prbably in his early twenties, standing very clse t ne f my friends. Suddenly, I realized that he was trying t 98 my friend’s wallet frm her bag! I 99 really nervus, but I knew I had t take actin t stp him. Luckily, I saw tw plice fficers standing 100 and gt an idea. S I fell ver and cried ut painfully. The plice fficers heard that and came ver t help. When they were by my side, I tld them what was 101 . They caught the thief right away.
After that, we thanked the plice fficers and went n with ur trip happily.
【答案】97．hurs 98．steal 99．felt 100．nearby 101．happening
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和朋友去年出去旅行时，在公交车上抓小偷的故事。
97．句意：我们一大早就出发了，坐了几个小时的公共汽车。根据“traveled fr several… n a bus”及备选词可知，在公交车上待了几个小时，hur“小时”，several修饰复数形式，故填hurs。
98．句意：突然，我意识到他想从我朋友的包里偷钱包！根据“They caught the thief right away.”可知，这个小偷想偷钱包，steal“偷”，try t d sth“试图做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填steal。
99．句意：我感到非常紧张，但我知道我必须采取行动阻止他。根据“really nervus”可知，感到紧张，feel“感觉”，描述过去发生的事情，动词用过去式，故填felt。
100．句意：幸运的是，我看到旁边站着两名警察，就有了主意。根据“standing ”及备选词可知，此处指在旁边站着，nearby“在附近”，故填nearby。
101．句意：当他们在我身边时，我告诉他们发生了什么。根据“I tld them what was”及备选词可知，告诉警察发生了什么，happen“发生”，根据was可知，此空应填现在分词，故填happening。
（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）
短文填空从下面方框中选出10个单词，将其正确形式填入短文，使短文意思正确通顺 (每词限用一次)。
D yu believe a rse plant says “I want sme water” r a tree shuts “My arms hurt”? Maybe yu will say this culd nly happen in sme 102 stries.
In fact, plants are nt always 103 . A recent study has fund plants shut when they are in need f water r having their stems cut. “Even in a quiet field, there are 104 sme sunds that carry infrmatin. Hwever, the pitch (音高) is t high fr peple 105 ,” said Lilach Hadany, a prfessr frm Tel Aviv University.
The researchers used micrphnes t recrd sme tmat plants and fund that stressed plants send ut 106 sunds than unstressed plants. “When tmates are nt stressed at all, they are very quiet,” Prfessr Hadany said. They als trained a machine in 107 the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants. The result shws that when the causes f stress change, they shut 108 . After the team recrded many kinds f ther plants, they fund that many plants like crn, wheat and grape plants send ut sunds when they are under stress, t.
“There is a 109 that a lt f cmmunicatin is happening,” Prfessr Hadany said. “Because ther plants can prbably hear the call f the stressed plants.”
Sund recrdings f plants culd bring humans lts f 110 , especially in farming. Fr example, peple will make sure whether crn is getting enugh water r where water is needed mst withut much 111 .
【答案】
102．children’s 103．silent 104．actually 105．t hear 106．mre 107．telling 108．differently 109．pssibility 110．advantages 111．difficulty
【导语】本文是一篇科普类的文章，介绍了植物在承受不同压力的时候会发出不同的声音，并且介绍了植物的记录在农业方面的好处。
102．句意：也许你会说这只会发生在一些儿童故事中。根据“this culd nly happen in sme… stries”及备选词可知，只会发生在一些儿童故事中，要用child的复数形式children，且修饰名词stries，用其名词所有格形式，故填children’s。
103．句意：事实上，植物并不总是沉默的。根据“there are… sme sunds that carry infrmatin”可知，植物会发出一些声音来传递信息，所以它们并不是沉默的，silent“沉默的”，故填silent。
104．句意：即使在安静的田野里，实际上也有一些携带信息的声音。此空缺少副词作状语，备选词actual的副词actually“实际上”符合，故填actually。
105．句意：然而，音调太高，人们听不到。根据“the pitch (音高) is t high fr peple”及备选词可知，人们听不到这些声音，hear“听”，t…t“太……而不能”，故填t hear。
106．句意：研究人员用麦克风记录了一些番茄植株，发现受到压力的植株比没有受到压力的植株发出更多的声音。根据than可知，此处用比较级，根据“When tmates are nt stressed at all, they are very quiet”可知，当番茄完全没有承受压力时，它们会非常安静，也就是说受到压力的植株比没有受到压力的植株发出更多的声音，many的比较级mre“更多的”符合，故填mre。
107．句意：他们还训练了一台机器来区分干渴的植物和被切割的植物。根据“the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants”及备选词可知，讲述干渴的植物和切割的植物之间的区别，tell“讲述”，in是介词，后接动名词，故填telling。
108．句意：研究结果表明，当压力的原因发生变化时，它们产生的效果会有所不同。根据“when the causes f stress change, they shut”以及备选词可知，压力原因发生变化，产生的效果也不同，副词differently修饰动词shut，故填differently。
109．句意：有一种可能性是大量的交流正在发生。根据a可知，此空应填名词，备选词pssible的名词pssibility符合，表示一种可能性，故填pssibility。
110．句意：植物的记录可以给人类带来很多好处，尤其是在农业方面。根据“peple will make sure whether crn is getting enugh water…”可知，会给人们带来一些好处，advantage“优势”，lts f修饰名词的复数形式，故填advantages。
111．句意：例如，人们可以毫不费力地确定玉米是否有足够的水或者哪里最需要水。根据前文描述可知，这种记录可以给人们带来好处，所以此处指毫不费力地确定玉米是否有足够的水或者哪里最需要水，withut difficulty“毫不费力地”，故填difficulty。
（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）
通读下面短文，掌握其大意，选出可以填入短文空格处的词并将该词的字母代号（不写出该词）填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
Reading and writing pems is a very persnal experience. Pets use language as a way f expressing their feelings. Pets can describe the 112 f nature, a persn, a dream r a memrable event. Mst peple have tried writing pems 113 sme time. Fr children, it’s a gd way t enjy language and have fun with wrds as well as t 114 themselves.
But teachers and psychlgists (心理学家) have 115 anther use fr pems as a frm f therapy (疗法) t help with prblems. Writing pems can help deal with change in their lives, death r feelings f sadness r serius disease. By writing dwn yur feelings, yu can learn t understand yurself 116 than befre.
Pems might be a way f telling smene 117 when yu dn’t feel able t talk abut it face t face. Pems written as therapy can be funny t, as laughter is als cnsidered t be very gd 118 fr illness.
Students at a special schl in England read and write pems every day. Sme f the pems that 119 write are very gd, but their reasn fr writing is nt just t be creative. All f them have sme mental and 120 prblems. But by writing pems, students are grwing in self-cnfidence. The pems prvide a channel fr them t cmmunicate with the wrld and express their feelings. They 121 help them t find ut and wrk ut their prblems and t develp a psitive attitude t life.
【答案】
112．B 113．F 114．H 115．G 116．I 117．E 118．J 119．A 120．D 121．C
【导语】本文主要讲了诗歌的力量。
112．句意：诗人可以描写自然之美、人之美、梦之美或难忘之事。根据“the ... f nature”可知此处用名词，结合备选词可推出此处表示自然之美，beauty“美丽”。故选B。
113．句意：大多数人在某个时候都尝试过写诗。at sme time“在某个时候”，固定搭配。故选F。
114．句意：对于孩子们来说，这是一个很好的方式来享受语言、有乐趣的文字，以及表达自己。根据“Mst peple have tried writing pems”可推出试着写诗歌是在表达自己，express“表达”。故选H。
115．句意：但教师和心理学家发现诗歌的另一种用途是作为一种治疗方式来帮助解决问题。助动词have后接过去分词构成现在完成时，fund“发现”，是过去分词。故选G。
116．句意：通过写下你的感受，你可以比以前更好地了解自己。根据“than befre”可知此处用副词比较级修饰动词understand，better“更好地”，符合语境。故选I。
117．句意：诗歌可能是当你觉得无法面对面谈论某事时告诉某人的一种方式。根据“when yu dn’t feel able t talk abut it face t face”可知是通过诗歌告诉某人某些事情，smething“某事”。故选E。
118．句意：作为治疗的诗歌也可以很有趣，因为笑声也被认为是治疗疾病的良药。根据“as laughter is als cnsidered t be very gd ... fr illness”可推出此处表示治病的良药，medicine“药”。故选J。
119．句意：他们写的一些诗非常好，但他们写作的原因不仅仅是为了创造性。根据“Sme f the pems that ... write”可知定语从句缺少主语，此处用they指代上文提到的英国一所特殊学校的学生们。故选A。
120．句意：他们都有一些精神和身体问题。根据“All f them have sme mental and ... prblems.”可知此处是与mental并列的形容词，physical“身体的”，符合语境。故选D。
121．句意：它们还帮助他们发现并解决他们的问题，培养积极的生活态度。根据“The pems prvide a channel fr them t cmmunicate with the wrld and express their feelings.”可知此处讲诗歌的另一个作用，“也”帮助他们发现并解决他们的问题，als“也”。故选C。
（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每词限用一次。
On May 15, 2023, the Activity f Chsing Peple Wh Mved Liangshan in 2022 was held in Xichang. Ten peple 122 the prud prize. Amng them was Lu Se’er whse fur children gt int the famus universities in China. Tw f them are studying in Tsinghua University. He was given a special prize by the gvernment n Octber 31st, 2022. It’s impssible fr him t get such special prizes 123 the great effrt.
Lu and his wife live in a small muntain village in Butu. They have a cmmn and hard life as mst ther 124 in their neighbrhd. They have little educatin, but hw can they bring up fur excellent children? Lu tld reprters abut his “secrets f 125 educatin.” “I hpe my children can get mre educatin and have a better future.” said Lu. “My wife and I faced lts f challenges and difficulties. We dn’t knw 126 t read r write. We can hardly cunt.”
They 127 realized the imprtance f educatin fr their children. They made up their minds 128 them t gd schls. They can’t help their children with studying at hme during weekends, summer and winter vacatins. The children have t learn by 129 and smetimes the elder brthers helped their yunger brther and sister. They studied very hard and made great prgress in examinatins. “My all children are in gd universities. In fact, there is n secret. It’s just a whle-hearted decisin, I tgether with my wife will supprt them all the time as lng as they need. We think 130 plays a very imprtant rle twards success.” added Lu.
Many peple are tuched by the stry abut the pr family—parents with little educatin and fur 131 children. They believe that the Lus’ life must becme better and better.
【答案】
122．received 123．withut 124．villagers 125． successful
126．hw 127．really 128．t send 129．themselves 130．educatin 131．hard-wrking
【导语】本文介绍了凉山彝寨一对父母重视子女教育，培养出四个名校大学生的故事。
122．句意：十个人获得了这一荣誉。根据“the prud prize.”可知是获得荣誉。receive“收到，获得”符合语境；根据“On May 15, 2023,”可知本句是一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填received。
123．句意：不付出努力，他是不可能得到这样的特殊奖项的。根据“It’s impssible fr him t get such special great effrt.”可知没有努力就不能得到奖项。故填withut。
124．句意：他们和附近的大多数村民一样，过着普通而艰苦的生活。根据“Lu and his wife live in a small muntain village in Butu.”和“in their neighbrhd.”可知此处指和大多数村民一样。villager“村民”；ther后跟名词复数形式。故填villagers。
125．句意：罗向记者讲述了他“成功教育的秘诀”。根据“They have little educatin, but hw can they bring up fur excellent children?(他们没有受过什么教育，怎么能培养出四个优秀的孩子呢)”可知罗的教育是成功的，修饰名词educatin，需用形容词successful“成功的”。故填successful。
126．句意：我们不知道如何读书或写字。根据“We dn’t read r write.”可知此处是疑问词+不定式作宾语，hw t d表示“如何做做某事”。故填hw。
127．句意：他们真正意识到教育对孩子的重要性。根据“ the imprtance f educatin fr their children.”和前文可知这两位农民没有受过什么教育，但很重视孩子们的教育，是真正意识到了教育的重要性，修饰动词realized需用副词really，表示“真正地”。故填really。
128．句意：他们决定送他们去好学校。根据“them t gd schls.”可知是送去学校。send sb t...“把某人送到……”；make up ne’s mind t d sth“下定决心做某事”，固定短语。故填t send。
129．句意：孩子们必须自己学习，有时哥哥们会帮助他们的弟弟和妹妹。learn sth by neself“自学”，空处需用反身代词themselves“他们自己”，与主语The children保持一致。故填themselves。
130．句意：我们认为教育对成功起着非常重要的作用。根据“plays a very imprtant rle twards success.”和全文可知他们认为教育对成功很重要。educatin“教育”，不可数名词。故填educatin。
131．句意：很多人都被这个贫穷家庭的故事感动了——父母没有受过多少教育，四个努力的孩子。根据前文“They studied very hard and made great prgress in examinatins.”可知，四个孩子是非常努力的。hard-wrking“努力的”。故填hard-wrking。
（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）
选词填空 阅读下面短文，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每词限用一次。
Fr middle and primary schl students, learning t ck has becme a must. They will als need t learn hw 132 vegetables, raise pultry (家禽) and maintain hme appliances (修理家电) under new requirements fr labr (劳动) educatin.
The Ministry f Educatin (MOE教育部) brught ut a new 133 fr labr educatin in schl last year. Frm the 2022 fall term, students in primary and middle schls have t take curses n labr skills at least nce a week. The new standard includes three kinds f labr tasks (任务). The first is fr things like 134 chres, including cleaning, rganizing, cking and maintaining hme appliances. Next is prductive labr, such as making hand-made wrks and 135 new technlgies. The 136 is service wrk which includes vlunteer wrk.
Schls in China have 137 paid mre attentin t studying, and many have seen chres as a waste f children’s time. But accrding t the MOE, labr educatin must be built up t help students and develp an interest in labr.
Online, peple have been busy 138 the new standard n scial media (社交媒体). Liu Fang, a mther f 6-year-ld twins in Beijing, strngly 139 labr educatin. Fr the past year, she has trained her daughters t d chres and make simple dishes 140 the family.
“Thrugh ding husewrk, their eye-hand crdinatin (手眼协调), time management and rganizatin skills can be trained and it’s als gd t help 141 relax.” Thrugh such educatin, Liu thinks her twins have fund fun in ding chres and are mre independent.
【答案】
132．t plant 133．standard 134．everyday
135．using 136．third 137．traditinally 138．discussing 139．supprts 140．fr 141．them
【导语】本文主要介绍了教育局实施的劳动教育新标准的内容以及家长对其的看法。
132．句意：在劳动教育的新要求下，他们还需要学习如何种植蔬菜、饲养家禽和维护家用电器。根据“vegetables”及备选词可知，此处指种植蔬菜，plant“种植”，此处是疑问词+动词不定式结构，故填t plant。
133．句意：教育部去年出台了学校劳动教育的新标准。根据“The new standard”可知，教育局颁布了新的标准，standard“标准”，故填standard。
134．句意：第一种是日常的家务，包括清洁、组织、烹饪和维护家用电器。根据“chres, including cleaning, rganizing, cking and maintaining hme appliances”及“Next is prductive labr”可知，清洁、组织、烹饪和维护家用电器这些都是日常的家务活，everyday“日常的”，形容词作定语，故填everyday。
135．句意：其次是生产性劳动，例如手工制作和使用新技术。根据“new technlgies”及备选词可知，此处指使用新技术，use“使用”，此空与making构成并列关系，所以此空应填动名词，故填using。
136．句意：三是服务性工作，包括志愿工作。根据“The new standard includes three kinds f labr tasks”及first，next可知，此处指第三项标准是什么，表示顺序用序数词，故填third。
137．句意：中国的学校传统上更注重学习，许多人认为做家务是在浪费孩子的时间。此空缺少副词修饰动词paid，备选词traditin的副词traditinally“传统上”符合，故填traditinally。
138．句意：在网上，人们忙着在社交媒体上讨论新标准。根据下一句“Liu Fang, a mther f 6-year-ld twins in Beijing, strngly…”可知，人们在讨论这个新标准，discuss“讨论”，be busy ding sth“忙着做某事”，故填discussing。
139．句意：来自北京的刘芳是一对6岁的双胞胎的母亲，她非常支持劳动教育。根据“labr educatin”及“Thrugh such educatin, Liu thinks her twins have fund fun in ding chres and are mre independent”可知，她是支持劳动教育的，supprt“支持”，此句是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数形式，动词用三单，故填supprts。
140．句意：在过去的一年里，她训练女儿们做家务，为家人做简单的菜。根据“make simple dishes… the family”可知，为家人做饭，fr“为”，故填fr。
141．句意：通过做家务，可以训练他们的手眼协调能力，时间管理和组织能力，这也有助于他们放松。根据“it’s als gd t help … relax”及“Liu thinks her twins have fund fun in ding chres and are mre independent”可知，帮助她的双胞胎放松，动词help后接宾格them，故填them。
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Dear Li Ming,
Hw are yu? My name is Mary. I’ve been lking frward t 11 a pen pal fr a lng time nw. I hpe we can becme great 12 !
Ever since I gt yur name and address frm my teacher, Mrs. Brwn, I have been thinking abut 13 t write. First, I thught f telling 14 what it’s like t g t schl here in Lndn. But then, I thught yu culd 15 Lndn n the internet and read abut it yurself. And then I had the idea t tell yu abut my family, but I realized that the stry f my little brther lsing a tth 16 the time we gt a new kitten might be kind f bring. After that, I thught abut asking yu questins abut what it’s like t live 17 Gansu, but I was afraid yu might think my questins were 18 .
I guess I can tell yu 19 abut myself. In fact, yu’ve prbably already learned ne thing abut me. I 20 have a hard time making up my mind! I hpe yu will write me back anyway.
Sincerely,
Mary
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