【寒假作业】人教版2019 高中英语 高一寒假巩固提升训练 专题04 动词的时态和语态-练习.zip

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考点一：一般时态
一般现在时
表示现在经常性，习惯性的动作或状态。
·He usually ges t schl by bike.
( 2 ) 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实及格言警句。
·The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
( 3 ) 用于here,there 开头的倒装句中，一般现在时表示正在发生的动作或状态。
·Lk ! Here cmes the bus.
(4 ) 用在时间，条件或让步状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，或用祈使句表示将来的动作，从句则常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
·As lng as it desn’t rain tmrrw ,we will have a trip n schedule.
一般过去时
表示过去某一时间发生的动作或所处的动作。
·A few mnths after he had arrived in China, Ms.Smith fell in lve with the peple and culture there.
( 2 ) 表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常与always,usually,ften,smetimes,never等连用。
·I always gt up late,and neverhad enugh time fr breakfast.
( 3 ) 在确定的表示过去的时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。
·I didn’t think I’d like the mvie ,but actually it was pretty gd.
·Edward, yu play s well. But I didn’t knw yu played the pian.
( 4 ) 在条件、时间、让步等状语从句中通常用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
·She said she wuld cme if I prmised t wait fr her.
一般将来时
（1）基本表达法
一般将来时的基本形式:shall/will+动词原形，表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。在书面语中,主语是第一人称时,常用shall（也可用will)。在口语中，will可用于各种人称。
·The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts will be rewarded with success in the
end.
( 2 )其他表达法
A.be ging t动词原形
表示说话者主观打算做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事
Dr.Smith,tgether with his wife and daughters, is ging t visit Beijing this summer.
B.be t+动词原形
表示按计划、安排等将要发生的动作或表示禁止、命令、义务或可能性
·Yu are t hand in yur papers by 10 'clck.(表示命令)
·A meeting is t be held at 3 'clck this afternn.(表示按安排将要发生)
·The bks in the library are nt t be taken utside.(表示禁止)
C.be abut t+动词原形
表示马上或眼下就要发生的动作,意为“正要;即将”，一般不与具体的将来时间状语连用,但常与 when 连用。
·Tm was abut t clse the windws when his attentin was caught by a bird
D.一般现在时表示将来
一些动词，如 g，arrive，leave, start, stay. return begin，cme等，用一般现在时表示 按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。
·We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 clck.
表示位置转移的动词，如g，cme，leave,start, arrive, return, run ut 等,可用现有进行时表示按计划预定的或即将发生的动作
·Fd supplies in the fld stricken area are running ut. We must a immediately befre there's nne left.
考点二： 完成时态
1.现在完成时（have/has +dne）
( 1 ) 表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而且对现在仍有影响。
·The musician alng with his band members has given ten perfrmances in the last three mnths.
·China’s high-speed railways have grwn frm 9,000 t 25,000 kilmeters in the past few years.
( 2 ) 表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语: since+时间点，fr+时间段等表示一段时间的状语。
·His first nvel has received gd reviews since it came ut last mnth.
·I remember yu were a talented pianist at cllege. Can yu play the pian fr me?
--Srry, I haven't played the pian fr years. -抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。
(3)在条件、让步或时间状语从句中，用现在完成时代替将来完成时，表示将来某个时刻前已经完成的动作。
·Will yu cme t my ffice when yu have finished yur wrk?
·Once yu have prmised,yu shuld keep it.
名 师 点 津
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法区别
这两个时态都谈论过去已发生的事，但现在完成时表示的动作与现在有关系，或对现在有影响。而一般过去时单纯谈过去的事,与现在没有联系。因此凡是有确定的过去时间状语时，只能用一般过去时。
·I lived in Lndn fr tw years.我在伦敦住过两年。(现在不在伦敦)
·I have lived in Lndn fr tw years. 我在伦敦已住了两年了。(现在还在伦敦)
2.过去完成时(had+dne）
( 1 )表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
·She had learned sme English befre she came t the institute.
·By the time Jack returned hme frm England,his sn had graduated frm cllege.
( 2 )表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态。
·It tk me a lng time befre I was able t fully appreciate what they had dne fr me.
( 3 )表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如 hpe,want,expect，think, mean,suppse, plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
·I had hped t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage, but I culdn't manageit.
( 4 )用于特殊句式中
在表示“一……就.…"的hardly……when……n sner……than……的句式中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
·I had hardly answered the teacher when he interrupted me.
考点三： 现在完成进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，可能刚刚停止，也可能继续下去，对现在有影响。
·I'm tired ut. I have been shpping all the afternn and I dn't seem t have finished anything.
·Excuse me, which mvie are yu waiting fr?
--The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here fr mre than tw hurs.
2.所表示的动作有时并不是一直不停地进行,而是在断断续续地重复。
The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts will be rewarded with success in the end.
名 师 点 津 谓语动词的时态的呼应
含有宾语从句的复合句中主句与从句间时态的呼应:(1)主句谓语动词用现在时态或将来时态时，从句时态不受主句时态的限制，可根据实际情况选用合适的时态。(2)主句谓语动词为过去时态时，从句谓语动词需要用过去范围的时态。
·Yu will find that the peple there speak quite differently frm the rest f Canada.
·I knew that she had been t New Yrk twice.
·Mary said that she was ging t take part in the activity.
考点四： 被动语态
语态是用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系,英语谓语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者或行为的主体，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。英语中,一般只有及物动词或及物动词短语才有被动语态。
被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成,be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化如下表:
被动语态的基本用法
被动语态的使用场合:(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者;(2)需要突出或强调动作的承受者;(3)当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时。
·They are trying t make sure that 5G terminals will have been installed by 2022 fr the Beijing Winter Olympics.
·A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh had been trapped in the muntains fr tw days.
·In the spken English f sme areas in theU.S. the“r”sunds at the end f the wrds are drpped.
主动表示被动意义
( 1 )“系动词 feel，sund，taste,lk,smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, becme, get, grw，keep 等+形容词/名词”构成系表结构,常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
·This kind f wl shirt feels sft and sells well.
( 2 ) 表示主语的某种属性、特征的动词(短语),如 sell，read，cut，wash，write，pen, wear, burn, wrk ut 等与副词 well,easily 等连用时,常用主动形式表示被动意义。
·Have yu bught the bk that sells well these days? I think it is suitable fr us teenagers.
基础过关
一、时态填空
一、单句填空
1.One day, my mther (persuade) me t live at schl t learn t be independent, preparing fr the future life.
答案 persuaded
2.We (spend) a few hurs digging hles and planting the seedlings. Then we wrte ur wishes n cards ne by ne and buried them under the rts f the trees.
答案 spent
3.Have yu ever been t Wuzhen?It is s beautiful a village that I (visit) it many times already.
答案 have visited
4.A farmer said the strm began early in the mrning and (last) ne hur.
答案 lasted
5.He’s been infrmed that he (d)nt qualify fr the schlarship because f his academic backgrund.
答案 des
6.—Excuse me, which mvie are yu waiting fr?
—The new Star Wars. We (wait)here fr mre than tw hurs.
答案 have been waiting
7.I (read)half f the English nvel, and I’ll try t finish it at the weekend.
答案 have read
8.I wasn’t able t hide my eagerness when I (ask),“What d yu wish me t d nw?”
答案 asked
9.She (phne)smene,s I ndded t her and went away.
答案 was phning
10.—Tny,why are yur eyes red?
—I (cut) up peppers fr the last five minutes.
答案 have been cutting
11.During his stay in Xi an,Jerry tried almst all the lcal fds his friends (recmmend).
答案 had recmmended
12.—Haven’t seen yu fr ages! Where have yu been?
—I went t Ningxia and (stay) there fr ne year,teaching as a vlunteer.
答案 stayed
13.—Is Peter cming?
—N, he (change) his mind after a phne call at the last minute.
答案 changed
14.—What time is it?
—I have n idea. But just a minute, I (check) it fr yu.
答案 will check
15.I fund the lecture hard t fllw because it (start)when I arrived.
答案 had started
16.James has just arrived,but I didn’t knw he (cme)until yesterday.
答案 wuld cme/was cming
17.The twins,wh (finish)their hmewrk,were allwed t play badmintn in the playgrund.
答案 had finished
18.Since the time humankind started gardening,we (try)t make ur envirnment mre beautiful.
答案 have been trying
19.They had t wait and (hpe) that smene wuld cme and help them.
答案 hped
20.That piece f music sunds quite familiar. Wh (play) the pian upstairs?
答案 is playing
21.—Guess what, we’ve gt ur visas fr a shrt-term visit t the UK this summer.
—Hw nice! Yu (experience) a different culture then.
答案 will be experiencing
22.This is the first time that I (visit) the Great Wall.
答案 have visited
二、语法填空
Yangshu, China
It was raining lightly when I 1. (arrive) in Yangshu just befre dawn. But I didn?t care. A few hurs befre, I’d been at hme in Hng Kng, with its chking smg. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I 2. (skip) nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River that are pictured by artists in s many Chinese paintings. Instead, I’d headed straight fr Yangshu. Fr thse wh fly t Guilin, it?s nly an hur away by car and 3. (ffer) all the scenery f the better-knwn city.
Yangshu 4. (be) really beautiful. A study f travelers cnducted by the website TripAdvisr names Yangshu as ne f the tp 10 destinatins in the wrld. And the twn 5. (becme) a ppular weekend destinatin fast fr peple in Asia. Abercrmbie & Kent, a travel cmpany in Hng Kng, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here fr peple living in Shanghai and Hng Kng.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,主题语境为人与社会。文章叙述了作者到广西阳朔旅游带来的美好回忆和感悟。
1.arrived 2.had skipped 3.ffers 4.is 5.is becming
二、被动语态填空
一、单句填空
1.The number f deaths frm heart disease will be reduced greatly if peple (persuade)t eat mre fruits as well as vegetables.
答案 are persuaded
2.—Have yu heard abut that fire in the market?
—Yes, frtunately n ne (hurt).
答案 was hurt
3.In the last few years thusands f films (prduce)all ver the wrld.
答案 have been prduced
4.They are living with their parents fr the mment because their wn huse (rebuild).
答案 is being rebuilt
5.I was sent t the village last mnth t see hw the develpment plan (carry) ut in the past tw years.
答案 had been carried
6.—Did yu enjy the party?
—Yes.We (treat)well by ur hsts.
答案 were treated
7.Mre expressways (build) in Sichuan sn t prmte the lcal ecnmy.
答案 will be built
8.Unless sme extra mney (find),the theatre will clse.
答案 is fund
9.A lt f peple ften frget that ral exams (design) t test ur cmmunicative ability.
答案 are designed
10.In the near future, mre advances in the rbt technlgy (make) by scientists.
答案 will be made
11.Tables culd (make) f stne at that time.
答案 be made
12.Anther bridge (build) ver the Changjiang River at that time.
答案 was being built
13.Yu had better buy this kind f shirt, the clth f which (wash) well.
答案 washes
二、语法填空
The adbe dwellings (土坯房) built by the Puebl Indians f the American Suthwest 1. (admire) by even the mst mdern f architects and engineers. In additin t their simple beauty, peple 2. (impress) with the adbe dwellings because f their ability t “air cnditin” a huse withut using electric equipment. Walls that 3. (make) f adbe take in the heat frm the sun n ht days and give ut that heat slwly during cl nights, thus warming the huse. When a new day breaks, the heat 4. (give) ut already and walls are nw cld enugh t cl the huse during the ht day; at the same time, they warm up again fr the night. This cycle 5. (g) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cl ff during the night and are thus always a timely ffset (抵消)fr the utside temperatures. As natural architects, the Puebl Indians figured ut exactly hw thick the adbe walls needed t be t make the cycle wrk n mst days.
[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,主题语境为人与社会。你见过不用空调就能自动调节温度的房子吗?本文介绍了美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人的神奇土坯房及其自动调温的过程和原理。
1.are admired 2.are impressed 3.are made 4.has been given 5.ges
2022年新高考全国I卷
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese gvernment recently finalized a plan t set up a Giant Panda Natinal Park(GPNP). ___36___ (cver)an area abut three times ___37___ size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry. The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ___38___ (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___39___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP ___40___ (design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, ___41___ leaving behind precius natural assets(资产)fr future generatins”. The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ___42___ (ppulatin)and hmes f giant pandas, and ___43___ (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
Giant pandas als serve ___44___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing prtectin t a hst f plants and animals in the suthwestern and nrthwestern parts f China. The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ___45___ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
【答案】36. Cvering 37. the 38. were 39. t increase 40. is designed
41. and 42. ppulatins 43. eventually 44. as 45. that
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
36考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cver和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Cvering。
37考查冠词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。本句的结构为：倍数+ the size f +比较成份。故填the。
38考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number f areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previusly (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
39考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填t increase。
40考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
41考查连词。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并列关系，应用and。故填and。
42考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词hmes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词ppulatin (种群)的复数的形式。故填ppulatins。
43考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
44考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。
45考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2022年浙江省高考英语试卷
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics 36 are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change. Travelling t cnferences, lectures, wrkshps, and the like frequently by plane 37 （view） as imprtant fr scientists t get tgether and exchange infrmatin. But Cbb and thers 38 （be） nw questining that idea pushing cnferences
t prvide mre chances t participate remtely, and 39 ( change ) their persnal behavir t d their part
in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example,40
(rugh ) 200 academics - many f them climate scientists 41 ( prmise ) t fly as little as pssible since
the effrt started tw years ag.
Cbb, fr her party, started t ask cnference rganizers wh invited her t speak 42 she culd d s remtely; abut three-quarters f 43 time, they agreed. When the answer, was n, she, declined the44 (invite ) . That apprach brught Cbb's air travel last year dwn by 75%, and she plans 45 (cntinue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ”，she says, "a really psitive change."
【答案】36.wh##that37.is viewed##has been viewed38.are 39. prmised
41.whether##if42.the 43.. invitatin45.t cntinue
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践，目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候 变化危机。
36考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cbb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中 的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语， 应使用关系代词替代，故填that/wh。
37考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件 事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认 知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。
38考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cbb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机 会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应 使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。
39考查时态。句意：但是现在Cbb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了 尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知，此处and连接并列 的动词 questining 和 change,故填 changing«
40考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者， 他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词rughly “粗略地大约”，故填rughly。
41考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者, 他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have prmised
42考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cbb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出 现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if “是否”符合语境，故填whether或if。
43考查冠词。句意：大约有四分之三的时间，他们同意了。此处特指Cbb询问的时间范围内，故填the。
44.考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填 invitatin
45.考查动词不定式。句意：他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan t d sth “计划做”，
故 填 t cntinue
目录
语法导航：温习语法知识
小试牛刀：基础过关+能力提升
时间
形态
一般
进行
完成
现在
am/is/are dne
am/is/are being dne
have/has been dne
过去
was/were dne
was/were being dne
had been dne
将来
shall/will be dne
-
shall/will have been dne
过去将来
shuld/wuld be dne
-
shuld/wuld have been dne