专题18.自然、世界与环境(词汇+句式+范文)-2024届中考英语作文复习素材

这是一份专题18.自然、世界与环境(词汇+句式+范文)-2024届中考英语作文复习素材，共21页。
【动物与植物】
1. 生命life 2. 动物animal
3. 植物plant4. 宠物pet
5. 熊猫panda 6. 老虎tiger
7. 狮子lin 8. 大象elephant
9. 狐狸fx10. 熊bear
11. 猴子mnkey 12. 蛇snake
13. 老鼠muse(mice) 14. 鸟bird
15. 绵羊sheep16. 马hrse
17. 兔子rabbit 18. 狼wlf(wlves)
19. 青蛙frg 20. 草grass
21. 花flwer22. 树叶leaf(leaves)
23. 树林wd(s)
【季节与宇宙】
1. 季节seasn 2. 春季spring
3. 夏季summer4. 秋季autumn/fall
5. 冬季winter 6. 天空sky
7. 空气；大气air 8. 太阳sun
9. 月亮mn10. 星星star
11. 地球earth 12. 行星planet
13. 太空 space 14. 宇宙 universe
15. 宇航员 astrnaut
【山川与河流】
1. 自然nature 2. 自然的natural
3. 森林frest4. 高山muntain
5. 岛island 6. 岩石rck
7. 地面grund 8. 陆地；土地land
9. 河；江river10. 湖lake
11. 石头stne 12. 沙sand
13. 海洋cean 14. 沙滩beach
15. 冰ice16. 地域area
【国家与民族】
1. 世界wrld 2. 国家cuntry
3. 法国France4. 德国Germany
5. 俄罗斯Russia 6. 美国America
7. 英国England 8. 加拿大Canada
9. 中国China10. 澳大利亚Australia
11. 日本Japan 12. 首都capital
13. 非洲Africa 14. 亚洲Asia
15. 欧洲Eurpe16. 欧洲的；欧洲人的Eurpean
17. 印度India 18. 印度人Indian
19. 外国的freign 20. 外国人freigner
21. 民族natin22. 民族的natinal
23. 国际的internatinal
【人口与环境保护】
1. 人口 ppulatin 2. 环境envirnment
3. 保护prtect/prtectin4. 法律law
5. 污染pllute/pllutin 6. 涌出；倒pur
7. 制订 make 8. 废物；浪费waste
9. 垃圾rubbish/litter10. 干净的clean
11. 脏的dirty 12. 整洁的tidy
13. 扔 thrw 14. 噪音nise
15. 有害的harmful16. 重复使用reuse
17. 回收利用recycle 18. 节省；拯救save
19. 能量；能源energy
二、佳句欣赏与运用
◆谚语类
Dn't let ur tears becme the last drp f water n the earth.不要让我们的眼泪成为地球上最后一滴水。
◆环境状况描述
1.It is reprted that air pllutin is becming wrse and wrse/mre and mre serius.据报道，空气污染越来越严重。
2.As far as I knw，we are shrt f water in China.据我所知，中国缺水。
3.With the rapid develpment f the sciety，envirnment is faced with new challenges.随着社会的快速发展，环境面临着新的挑战。
4.Many trees have been cut dwn and wild animals are lsing their hmes.许多树木被砍伐，野生动物失去家园。
◆倡议环保
1.We can d a lt f things in rder t live a lw­carbn life.为了过低碳生活，我们可以做很多事情。
2.We shuld plant as many trees as pssible t prtect ur envirnment.我们应该种尽可能多的树来保护我们的环境。
3.We shuld call n everyne t prtect the envirnment frm nw n.我们应该号召每个人从现在开始保护环境。
4.We all need a healthy envirnment.Let's repeat these three wrds daily：reduce，reuse and recycle.我们都需要一个健康的环境。让我们每天重复这三个词：减少，再利用和回收。
5.It is very necessary and imprtant t take care f ur envirnment.爱护我们的环境是非常必要和重要的。
Our actin can make a difference and lead t a better future.我们的行动可以带来改变，带来更美好的未来。
6.It's useful t begin with small things t save the wrld.We can't hpe fr rapid change，but every little bit helps.从小事开始拯救世界是有用的。我们不能指望快速的变化，但每一点都有帮助。
7. As we all knw, the amunt f fresh water which is suitable t drink is less and less. 众所周知, 适合饮用的淡水的数量越来越少了。
8. We shuld plant mre and mre trees in rder t live better and mre healthily in the future. 为了将来能够过上更加美好以及健康的生活, 我们应该多种树木。
9. We shuld d as much as we can t prevent peple frm putting waste water int rivers. 我们应该尽我们最大的努力去阻止人们往河里排放废水。
10. As an ld saying ges, “Actins speak luder than wrds”. 正如俗话所说: “行动胜于雄辩。”
11. Dn’t let ur tears be the last drp f water in the wrld. 不要让我们的眼泪成为世界上最后一滴水。
12. I believe even the simplest actin can make a big difference n the envirnment. 我相信即使是最简单的行动也能对环境产生重要的影响。
13. Let’s wrk tgether t make the wrld a better place t live in! 让我们共同努力, 让世界变成一个更好的居住地!
14. In additin, I suggest using handkerchiefs instead f tissues s that we can prevent mre trees frm being cut dwn. 另外, 我建议使用手帕来代替纸巾, 这样我们就能防止更多的树木被砍伐。
15. It is sme peple’s great respnsibility that makes ur future becme better and better. 正是一些人的责任感让我们的未来变得越来越好。
16. What we shuld d is t start ut small. 我们应该做的就是从小事做起。
eq \x(典例剖析)
一
)江西一直致力于生态环境保护建设，你想不想也为自己的家乡江西建言献策呢？请你根据下面表格提示，写一篇以“Hw t Prtect Our Envirnment”为题的英语短文，不少于90词。











【审题指导】这篇书面表达要求介绍如何保护环境，属于建议做法类文章。在描述做法、问题及提出建议时，应使用一般现在时态。表格中给出了作文的要点：一是目前人们不明智的做法；二是导致的问题；三是提出建议，这一部分可以根据自己的观点来适当发挥。注意在提出建议时，从“我们”的角度出发，主要使用第一人称。
【写作导图】
【作文失分点与句子升格】
◎失分点
表格内的信息提示了写作的框架，因此学生写作时难度不大。容易失分的地方主要有：
1．汉语信息译成英文时有障碍，可能出现不会翻译或翻译不准的情况，如“土地沙化”；
2．滥用时态，没有仔细推敲提示信息是正在发生，是强调客观情况，还是造成的影响等；
3．提出建议或环保倡议时句式单一，不能灵活运用各种句式结构。
◎句子升格(答案均在【佳作欣赏】中加粗体现)
1．A lt f rich land becmes desert.(用“as a result”和“change int”升格句子，注意选用恰当的时态)
________________________________________________________________________
2．Recycling can prtect the envirnment.It can als save mney.(用“nt nly…but als…”升格句子)
________________________________________________________________________
3．Take actin and ur wrld will becme beautiful.(用“if引导的条件状语从句”和“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构升格句子)
________________________________________________________________________
【佳作欣赏】
Hw t Prtect Our Envirnment
As time ges by，man is making the earth sick.Peple cut dwn t many trees and thrw rubbish here and there.Many factries pur waste water int rivers and lakes withut ding anything.As a result，a lt f rich land has changed int desert.Many rivers and lakes are dirty nw.The air quality is becming wrse and wrse.The temperature n the earth becmes higher and higher.Many peple are in bad health.
I think everyne is suppsed t reduce the waste.Recycling can nt nly prtect the envirnment but als save mney.What's mre，we'd better nt buy bttles r bxes which peple can use nly nce.If we take actin，ur wrld will becme mre and mre beautiful.
二
如今，出国旅游不再是新鲜事，有不少人已经将旅游路线规划到了遥远的南极(the Suth Ple)。南极游成了现在广为讨论的热点话题，有的人支持去南极旅游，有的不支持。你的意见呢？请根据下面图表信息写一篇短文。
提示：1.短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯；
2．短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；
3．词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Nw mre and mre peple are talking abut traveling t the Suth Ple.











【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：
1．写作时要使用第三人称，发表自己的观点时用第一人称；
2．介绍正反双方的观点时用一般现在时；
3．图表中的全部信息要一一列举，不要遗漏；
4．词数不少于80，开头已经给出，不计入总词数。不能出现真实的人名和地名。
【写作模板】
【高分范文】
Nw mre and mre peple are talking abut traveling t the Suth Ple.Sme peple think we shuld travel t the Suth Ple.First, it is gd fr us t knw mre abut the animals such as penguins, seals and many ther birds there.Secnd, traveling there can help us explre the wrld's mst mysterius cntinent.Besides, we can make gd use f lts f resurces there.
But sme peple dn't think s.The Suth Ple is a treasure fr peple arund the wrld.If we travel there, we will bring s much pllutin.
In my pinin, traveling there culd be very harmful t the animals there, and even the wrld's envirnment.
eq \x(实战演练)
一
最近我国科学家在南极发现，由于全球气候变暖，冰川正在加速融化；濒危动物数量继续减少；南极气温首次突破20℃；未知病毒可能被释放……环境问题日益严峻。一家报社正在做网上调查，假如你叫李华，请根据下列提示和要求，用英文写一篇短文向报社投稿。
提示：
1．What caused the mst serius envirnmental prblem in yur city?
2．What shuld we d t deal with the prblem?
要求：
1．短文须包括提示的两个问题，可适当发挥；
2．短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名；
3．词数80左右(开头的结尾已给出，不计入总词数)。
Dear Editr，
Recently，there was thick fg hanging arund ur city.The fg was s thick that we culdn't see things beynd 500 meters clearly.Many traffic accidents happened because f this.Peple had t wear masks when they went










Best wishes!
Yurs，
Li Hua
Dear Editr，
Recently，there was thick fg hanging arund ur city.The fg was s thick that we culdn't see things beynd 500 meters clearly.Many traffic accidents happened because f this.Peple had t wear masks when they went ut.What caused the mst serius envirnmental prblem in the city? It's ur imprper activities.
First，the develpment f the technlgy has destryed ur envirnment and warmed the earth.Secnd，peple hunted r killed endangered animals，s they are getting fewer.Third，the increase f cars made the air wrse.What shuld we d t deal with the prblem?
In my pinin，we shuld call n peple t use public transprtatin instead f driving cars.We shuld make laws t prevent factries frm puring waste water int rivers.What's mre，we have t make psters t ask peple prtect ur envirnment.Only in this way can we expect t have mre sunny days.
Best wishes!
Yurs，
Li Hua
二
6月8日是“世界海洋日(Wrld Oceans Day)”。今年世界海洋日的主题为“清洁我们的海洋(Cleaning Our Oceans)”。据 2018 年 6 月 7 日 CCTV 晚间新闻报道，每年流入大海的微塑料多达 1 300 万吨，这导致了大量鱼类的死亡。科学家预测，如果不采取措施限塑，2050 年海洋里的塑料重量将比鱼类还重。作为中学生，我们应该减少塑料制品的使用。请以“Say N t Plastics”为题，结合下面的图表信息，写一篇英语短文。
提示：
1. 短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯；
2. 短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；
3. 词数不少于80。








Say N t Plastics
As we knw, plastics, which have seriusly plluted the envirnment, can be seen everywhere.
Actually, I used t use plastics t much in my daily life. Nw I realize that it's a terribly bad habit. I'm suppsed t reduce the use f plastics and everyne can d this. Fr example, we shuld use a clth bag r a basket instead while shpping. Mre imprtantly, even if we need t use plastic bags, we shuld recycle and make full use f them.
All in all, we shuld reduce the use f plastics s that we can hpefully prtect the earth and make it greener. D yu think I am right?
三
地球的资源是有限的, 我们要好好地爱护和珍惜这些资源。作为美丽北仑的倡导者, 请你根据图文信息用英语写一封倡议书, 向同学们发出“垃圾分类, 从我做起”的倡议。
要求: (1)词数80—100; (2)短文首句已给出, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇: 垃圾分类d garbage srting; 废旧电池used batteries; 有害垃圾hazardus waste; 资源resurces
Dear students,
Our sciety prduces a lt f rubbish every day. ________________________








【写作范文】
Dear students,
Our sciety prduces a lt f rubbish every day. It has becme a big prblem in every city. As students, we shuld d garbage srting t save ur earth. Because sme hazardus waste pllutes the river and the sil. And sme waste can be recycled, such as plastic bttles and waste paper. If we d s, we can nt nly reduce the rubbish pllutin t the envirnment but als save the resurces.
Here’s sme advice abut hw t d garbage srting. Firstly, we shuld learn t classify different kinds f rubbish and put them int different dustbins. Fr example, used batteries shuld be put int hazardus waste dustbins. Secndly, water bttles and cans can be packed tgether t sell. Besides, we can reuse the things like glasses.
Let’s take actin nw!
（2023·甘肃天水·统考中考真题）
假设你是李辉。你校英语报“Prtect the Envirnment”专栏面向全校学生征集主题海报及宣传稿，需要用英语向大家宣讲环保的意义及作为中学生怎样保护环境。请你根据以下海报提示，以Save the Earth: Let’s D Our Part!为题，用英语给专栏写一篇稿件。
要求：1. 包括提示中所有的写作要点；
2. 条理清楚，行文连贯，可适当发挥；
3. 稿件中不能出现真实的人名和地名等信息；
4. 词数：80左右。题目和开头已给出，不计入总词数。（不用抄写在答题卡书面表达作答区域。）
Save the Earth: Let’s D Our Part!
The earth is the nly hme fr everyne n it. It’s crying fr ur help nw.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
Save the Earth: Let’s D Our Part!
The earth is the nly hme fr everyne n it. It’s crying fr ur help nw. As middle schl students, we have the pwer t make a difference and help save the earth!
T prtect the earth, we can start by saving water, planting mre trees, and reducing pllutin. We can als save animals and recycle whenever pssible.
We can als chse t ride a bike instead f driving a car t help stp pllutin, and make sure t always thrw trash in the prper bins. By ding ur part, we can make a psitive impact n the envirnment and create a better future fr urselves and generatins t cme.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一篇说明文，为看图作文；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：根据所给提示完成写作，不能遗漏信息，以第一人称为主。
[写作步骤]
第一步，承接开头，呼吁大家保护地球；
第二步，具体阐述作为中学生怎样保护环境；
第三步，最后宣讲环保的意义。
[亮点词汇]
①make a difference很有影响
②instead f代替
③make a psitive impact n对……产生积极影响
[高分句型]
①T prtect the earth, we can start by saving water, planting mre trees, and reducing pllutin.（动词不定式作目的状语）
②By ding ur part, we can make a psitive impact n the envirnment and create a better future fr urselves and generatins t cme.（动名词作宾语）
【2020•四川省达州市】
近年来，全球自然灾害频发，极端天气频频出现，2020年新冠肺炎几乎在全球爆发，环境恶化给全球带来的危害正日益凸显。尽管我国政府出台了一系列环境保护方面的政策，采取了很多措施，成效也很显著，但是，我们还需要付出更多的努力。地球是人类共同的家园，时代的一粒灰， 落在个人头上就是一座山，没有人能独善其身。假如你叫李华，作为达州的学生，应该为环境保护做出哪些贡献呢?请以 “Let’s try ur best t prtect the envirnment”为题，向达州的学生发出倡议，呼吁大家从小事做起，尽最大的努力保护环境!
写作要点:
（1）了解并让更多的人知道环境保护的重要性；
（2）在日常生活中节约用水，节约能源；
（3）为了减少空气污染，最好乘坐公交车、骑自行车或步行上学；
（4）学会垃圾分类:少用塑料袋。
（5）保护野生动物，不食用野生动物。
写作要求:
（1）要点齐全并适当发挥。
（2）全文字数不少于90词。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
（3）条理清楚，句式规范，标点符号和大小写使用正确。
（4）卷面整洁。
参考词汇；（1） reduce v.减少 （2） srt garbage 垃圾分类 （3） fur categries （四类垃圾）: recyclable, harmful ,dry and wet waste （4） N business, n killing.没有买卖就没有杀害。
Let’s try ur best t prtect the envirnment
Dear friends,
I’ m a student f Grade 9 in Dazhu. My name is Li Hua. As we knw, we have nly ne earth. But in recent years, many disasters happened n the earth and unusual weather appeared very ften. Even wrse, the nvel crna-virus brke ut nearly all ver the wrld this year. All these bad things were caused by the terrible envirnment, but the terrible envirnment was caused by humans. Althugh ur gvernment has made sme plicies and taken many useful measures t prtect the envirnment in the past few years, there are still many things t d. As students in Dazhu, what shuld we d?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If we all keep ding these things, I believe the envirnment will be better and better. Let’s try ur best!
A student wrrying abut the envirnment
【写作思路】
这是一篇话题作文。要求根据题目“Let’s try ur best t prtect the envirnment”和提示的内容完成作文。写作时要注意语句通顺，语意连贯，紧扣要点，注意句子之间的连接与过渡，要注意涵盖所给提示。
【参考范文】
Let’s try ur best t prtect the envirnment
Dear friends,
I’m a student f Grade 9 in Dazhu. My name is Li Hua. As we knw, we have nly ne earth. But in recent years, many disasters happened n the earth and unusual weather appeared very ften. Even wrse, the nvel crna-virus brke ut nearly all ver the wrld this year. All these bad things were caused by the terrible envirnment, but the terrible envirnment was caused by humans. Althugh ur gvernment has made sme plicies and taken many useful measures t prtect the envirnment in the past few years, there are still many things t d. As students in Dazhu, what shuld we d?
First, we shuld knw and let mre peple knw the imprtance f envirnmental prtectin. Secnd, we shuld save water and energy in ur daily life. Third, in rder t reduce air pllutin, it is better t g t schl by bus, by bike, n ft r ther public transprtatin instead f using private cars. Furth, there are fur categries f waste: recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. We shuld learn hw t srt garbage and use few plastic bags. Fifth, we shuld prtect wild animals and d nt eat them.
If we all keep ding these things, I believe the envirnment will be better and better. Let’s try ur best!
A student wrrying abut the envirnment
【名师点评】
例文点评：例文采用三段式；时态选用一般现在时；将题目要求的要点都很好地融入到文章当中，适当发挥部分也很好地展示了对文章主题的理解，表达出自己的观点态度。
高分亮点：
短语：all ver the wrld；in ur daily life；instead f；better and better等。
句型：First, we shuld knw and let mre peple knw the imprtance f envirnmental prtectin.
Third, in rder t reduce air pllutin, it is better t g t schl by bus, by bike, n ft r ther public transprtatin instead f using private cars.
人类的不明智之举
1.乱伐树林
2．乱扔垃圾
3．不加处理排放废物
导致的问题
1.土地沙化
2．河水变脏
3．空气质量差
4．全球气温升高
建议
至少两条合理化建议
Why
Hw
1. pllute. . .
2. recycle. . .
3. . .
1. learn abut rubbish
2. use different dustbins
3. . .