山西省2023-2024高三第一学期期末优生联考英语试题及答案

这是一份山西省2023-2024高三第一学期期末优生联考英语试题及答案，文件包含精品解析山西省优生联考2023-2024学年高三上学期1月考试英语试题原卷版docx、精品解析山西省优生联考2023-2024学年高三上学期1月考试英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共32页， 欢迎下载使用。
考生注意：
1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3. 考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
4. 本卷命题范围：高考范围。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the wman ging t d this afternn?
A. Take an imprtant test. B. Hang ut with Alex. C. Prepare fr an exam.
2. Hw much shuld the man pay?
A. $2.10. B. $2.30. C. $2. 90.
3. What is prbably the wman?
A. A custmer. B. A shp assistant. C. A manager.
4. What des Lily think f eating raw fd?
A. Harmful. B. Healthy. C. Strange.
5. Why des the wman mve t a new place?
A. Fr cnvenience. B. Fr friendly neighbrs. C. Fr a quiet envirnment.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Hw much des the regular mail cst?
A. $15. B. $20. C. $24.
7. What des the wman want t buy?
A. A package. B. Tw stamps. C. Sme envelpes.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Wh will the man talk t?
A. Mrs. Cllins. B. Mr. Hunter. C. Miss Brwn.
9 When will the speakers meet?
A. At 11:00 am. B. At 2:00 pm. C. At 2:15 pm.
听第8 段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What will the wman prbably use the car fr?
A. Ging n lng trips. B. Picking up her kid. C. Visiting her hmetwn.
11. Why des the man knw s much abut cars?
A. He’s a car salesman. B. He’s interested in cars. C. He’s a prfessinal driver.
12. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. Electric cars. B. Envirnment prtectin. C. Advantages f gas-pwered cars.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What has caused the wman t quit her current jb?
A. The lw salary. B. The lng wrking hurs. C. The jb’s dark future.
14. Hw did the wman knw abut the psitin?
A. Frm a newspaper. B. Frm the Internet. C. Frm a friend.
15. What des the wman want t be?
A. A directr. B. A fashin editr. C. An advertising designer.
16. Hw des the wman prbably sund?
A. Nervus. B. Annyed. C. Cnfident.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17 Hw many African cuntries has Dieuveil Malnga visited?
A. 30. B. 38. C. 54.
18. What has Dieuveil Malnga dne?
A. He has set up a website.
B. He has ffered cking curses.
C. He has planted many African vegetables.
19. Where did Dieuveil Malnga start t learn t ck?
A. In France. B. In Germany. C. In Rwanda.
20. What can we learn abut the restaurant?
A. It is devted t training mre African chefs.
B. It prmtes traditinal African cking methds.
C. It is nt cheap at all even t have an average meal there.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Generatins f creatrs have imprved ur lives with everything that tuches ff ur imaginatin. Here are sme f the brilliant inventrs.
Ellen Swallw Richards (1842 — 1911)
After earning a bachelr’s degree frm Vassar Cllege in 1870, Richards was accepted as a “special student”at all-male MIT, becming the first wman in the United States t attend a science schl. She cnducted a huge survey f water quality in Massachusetts, an effrt that led t the first state water-quality standards in US.
Gregr Mendel (1822 — 1884)
In the mid-1800s, he experimented with pea plants t determine hw physical features pass frm ne generatin t the next. The experiments established the basic rules needed t crss-breed (杂交繁殖) plants t create a new variety with desired characteristics.
Ray Krc (1902 — 1984)
As the funder f McDnald’s restaurants, Krc changed the way Americans eat. In 1954, Krc was selling industrial mixers and visited the Califrnia restaurant f tw f his best custmers, Maurice and Richard McDnald. Krc was impressed by the methds the brthers used t make their hamburgers, cheeseburgers, French fries, and milkshakes.
Krc, an Illinis native, talked the McDnalds int allwing him t create a grup f drive-in hamburger restaurants using their methds and name. The first f his restaurants pened in Des Plaines, Illinis, n April 15, 1955.
Jane Jacbs (1916 — 2006)
Jacbs was nt a frmally trained urban planner and didn’t have a cllege degree, but her intelligent views n cmmunity planning changed the way Americans thught abut cities. In her 1961 bk, Death and Life f Great American Cities, Jacbs advcated human-friendly neighbrhds featuring shrt city blcks and mixed-use buildings that encuraged resident interactin. She als strngly ppsed high-rise develpments and expressways that cut thrugh neighbrhds.
1. What did Gregr Mendel d?
A. He fund a new fast fd making methd.
B. He discvered the basic crss-breeding laws.
C. He established the water-quality standards in US.
D. He helped t plan human-friendly neighbrhds.
2. Wh is the funder f McDnald’s restaurants?
A. Ray Krc.B. Jane Jacbs.
C. Richard McDnald.D. Maurice McDnald.
3. When did Jane Jacbs publish Death and Life f Great American Cities?
A. In 2006.B. In 1984.C. In 1961.D. In 1916.
B
Frm the wrld’s last seven t a glbal ppulatin f mre than 5, 000, China spent abut 40 years bringing back crested ibises (朱鹮) frm the edge f extinctin.
With its typical red crest and face as well as a lng black muth and snw-white feathers, the crested ibis is knwn as the “Oriental Gem” in China. They were nce widespread in East Asia and Siberia until the 20th century when hunting, eclgical damage and increased human activities drve the birds t near extinctin.
In 1981, the entire species arund the wrld was dwn t the seven crested ibises which were fund nly in Yangxian Cunty, nrthwest China’s Shaanxi Prvince, and deep in the Qinling Muntains, making Qinling, a natural bundary between China’s nrth and suth, the “Nah’s Ark (诺亚方舟)” f the wild birds.
Since 1981, the lcal gvernment f Yangxian Cunty has put frward fur bans fr the prtectin f the species, prhibiting activities including hunting in the birds’ living areas, cutting dwn trees where they nest, using chemicals in their fd-finding areas, and firing guns in their breeding (繁殖) areas. The Chinese gvernment arranged special funds t prtect the habitat f crested ibises, sealing ff (封闭) muntains t plant trees in the birds’ living areas. China started the artificial breeding f crested ibises in 1991 and has bred mre than 400 birds in Shaanxi.
Years f cnstant effrt have brught prmising results. It is estimated that there are mre than 5, 000 crested ibises in the wrld, and abut half f them live in Shaanxi. The bird’s habitat in China has risen frm less than five square km in 1981 t the current 15,000 square km. “It is lucky that the crested ibis, an ancient bird, is still flying arund,” said Zan Linsen, head f the Shaanxi Academy f Frestry. “The cnservatin stry f crested ibises nt nly shws us the pwer f ancient life but als the necessity and urgency f eclgical envirnment prtectin.”
4. What des the authr say abut the Qinling Muntains?
A. They are where crested ibises were first fund.
B. They prtect crested ibises frm natural enemies.
C. They are the nly breeding area f crested ibises.
D. They used t be the last habitat f crested ibises.
5. What is paragraph 4 f the text mainly abut?
A. The effrts f saving the species.
B. The reasns fr breeding the species.
C. The biggest threat t crested ibises.
D. The activities t stp hunting the birds.
6. What des Zan Linsen think f the cnservatin?
A. Meaningless.B. Significant.C. Time-cnsuming.D. Regretful.
7 Which culd be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rare Animals in China: Crested Ibises
B. Artificial Breeding f Crested Ibises in China
C. Endangered Crested Ibises Making a Cmeback
D. Crested Ibises Fund Again in the Qinling Muntains
C
Clckmaking is a traditinal technlgy which invlves the building and repair f clcks. But it is nw n the red list drawn up by the Heritage Crafts Assciatin (HCA), which has warned mre specialists are retiring than entering the prfessin.
David Ple, a frmer master f the Wrshipful Cmpany f Clckmakers, said, “Althugh there used t be clckmakers n the street, a clck repair shp is a rare sight tday.” Waiting lists will just grw, and peple will find it extremely difficult t identify anyne t repair their clcks. There are nly abut 250 makers and repairers left acrss Britain, accrding t HCA’s research.
When specialists are appraching retirement, they ften cannt affrd t take n apprentices (学徒) as happened in the past. Besides, it is feared that the few training curses that have survived will nt fill the gap.
Hward Walwyn, a leading dealer in Kensingtn, warned that, if expertise in repairing is lst, clcks will becme lifeless bjects rather than living things, adding, “Mst clckmakers have fiddled with clcks as kids, taking them apart, and trying t get them t wrk. The prblem is that yung kids nw are spending all their time in frnt f screens. I’ve gt sme yunger clckmakers, but they’re few and far between.”
“There are als cncerns that t many clckmakers are prepared t use mdern mechanical slutins t make a clck wrk, even if thse slutins are aesthetically (审美地) wrng,” said Jnathan Betts, an adviser t the Natinal Trust. He added, “Museum cllectins and mre sensitive private cllectrs wuld much rather nt have a clck cleaned s it lks brand new, but an awful lt f restrers reject that. “Mr Ple, wh became a clckmaker in the 1990s, said, “There are few peple cming int the business. Mst peple wh are in it are edging twards retirement, s am I. If peple aren’t skilled, all thse lvely things wn’t be lked after prperly.”
8. What phenmenn des the authr describe in paragraph 2?
A. Clckmakers are in great need.
B. The clckmaking industry is declining.
C. Clck repair shps are cmmn.
D. It is rare fr peple t repair their clcks.
9. What did the specialists traditinally d near retirement?
A. They cmpared with apprentices.B. They tk the training curse.
C. They cllected sme clcks.D. They emplyed apprentices.
10. What des the underlined wrd “fiddled” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A Begun.B. Argued.C. Played.D. Brken.
11. What is Jnathan Betts’ cncern?
A. Many repairers adpt mdern methds in clckmaking.
B. Many restrers are incapable f fixing mechanical clcks.
C. Private cllectrs shw n interest in traditinal techniques.
D. Museums refuse t include cleaned clcks in their cllectins.
D
Imagine that a futuristic rf garden is s intelligent that it knws when t stre water fr drught cnditins, and when t dump water t prevent flding. Nw these smart rfs are becming a reality in the Netherlands.
With mre than half the cuntry lcated belw sea level, the Netherlands has a histry f flding. Nw climate change has brught mre severe weather, heavy rainfall, and even drught t the area, frcing the city f Amsterdam t cnsider new ways t prtect itself, and that’s where Resili cmes in.
Accrding t their website, Resili builds blue-green rfs thrughut Amsterdam. Tgether with the lcal gvernment, frm the years 2018 t 2022 they fixed specialized rfs in Amsterdam neighbrhds that are in the mst danger f fld damage.
These rfs are made f many layers. The mst imprtant layer is the water retentin (保存) layer. In time f heavy rainfall, this layer cllects rainwater that wuld therwise fld the streets, while in time f drught its water feeds the garden n the tp layer. It is this layer that differentiates the blue-green rfs frm the regular green rfs. A study shws that the blue-green rfs can capture up t 97% f extreme rain, as ppsed t the abut 12% that the regular green rfs can capture.
What makes Resili rfs s unique, hwever, are their systems. Multiple blue-green rfs are cnnected via a digital netwrk, meaning the rfs can each be cntrlled individually, respnding t the amunt f water cllected n that particular rf as needed. Each rf als has a valve (阀门) that is cnnected t a cmputer system called the Decisin Supprt System (DSS). The DSS netwrks with lcal weather frecasts t decide whether the valve n a particular rf shuld pen, spilling water safely and slwly int the sewer (下水道) system, r whether it shuld remain clsed and cllect the cming rain.
These are the innvatins that make Resili truly revlutinary. Blue-green rfs shw that the slutins t the dangers climate change brings need t be creative and must wrk n many levels.
12. What may directly lead t the building f Resili rfs in Amsterdam?
A. The increasing disasters.
B. The city’s financial suffering.
C. The ever-rising sea level.
D. The city’s gegraphic advantage.
13. What d we knw abut the water retentin layer f Resili rfs?
A. They are slw t drught.
B. They are abslutely perfect.
C. They serve a duble purpse.
D. They can trap slar energy.
14. What is the main functin f the DSS accrding t the text?
A. T cllect weather infrmatin.B. T cntrl the use f the valve.
C. T help the sewer system wrk.D. T cnnect the digital netwrk.
15. Which f the fllwing can best describe Resili rfs?
A. Challenging.B. Cmplicated.C. Beautiful.D. Smart.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Here are the dn’ts and d’s f shwing yur supprt fr yur friends when they’re having a hard time.
____16____. There are tw prblematic kinds f helpers; enthusiasts and fretters. Enthusiasts tend t push their advice—t insist n fixing r vercming the prblem. Fretters are s wrried abut their friend’s challenges that they are cnstantly cncerned abut whether they are ding enugh t help. Try t keep thse behavirs in check. N ne shuld have t manage yu when they’re ging thrugh a tragedy.
Dn’t minimize the pain and stay away frm statistics. Fr example, if a friend failed the cllege exam, dn’t tell him that 70% f students end in failure. Remember that it desn’t mean less pain just because it happens t a lt f peple. ____17____.
Keep the fcus n yur friends. When yur friends are talking t yu, it’s easy fr yu t share a similar stry in an effrt t relate and cnnect. But it’s nt always welcme. They might feel that yu’ve made their pain abut yu.____18____, let them knw that yu went thrugh smething similar but allw them t decide if they want t hear abut it at the mment.
Shwing up isn’t a ne-time thing. Remember that grief(悲伤)is s cmplex and yur friends might g thrugh several stages f srrw. ____19____. It means a lt if yur friends knw that yu are thinking abut them all the time.
Ask yur friends hw yu can best help. ____20____. Just ask!
A. Dn’t let them stay alne
B. Try nt t be ver-enthusisatic r ver-wrried
C. Keep in tuch with them and see if they need yur supprt
D. If yu d feel that yur experience might be helpful t them
E. Yu dn’t need t autmatically knw what kind f help they want
F. Instead, feel with yur friend the bigness f what they’re ging thrugh
G. When there isn’t a perfect respnse that is ging t make peple feel better
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Alha is perhaps ne f the mst recgnized wrds in the wrld. Many ____21____ use it t brand their gds and services. But there is mre t it in Hawaii. It’s the spirit t ____22____ ne anther all the time, nt nly when a(n)____23____ strikes. And it was the ____24____ spirit f alha that has brught warmth and strength t thse wh have ____25____ the deadliest wildfire in mdern US histry that swept acrss the histric city f Lahaina just a week ag.
Arica Lynn Suza, whse ____26____ was burned t the grund n August 8, describes alha as being there when smething happens and when smene ____27____ help. She thinks that it is the spirit f alha that makes Lahaina s ____28____.
“I ____29____ with my tw babies and a very small bag The nly reasn why we’re able t have clthes n ur backs and everything else is due t this kind f alha feeling within ur cmmunity and with each ther.”
Kalik Kaauam is a Hawaiian-language expert and curriculum designer. When asked what alha lks like, she quickly paints a ____30____ picture, “Alha is the guy whse hme was burned dwn, wh has n clthes, finds his slippers, puts them n and ____31____ finds smene else t help withut expecting anything ____32____. It’s a philsphy. It’s an appreciatin. It’s a ____33____ lve that we are brn and raised with.”
During a disaster, cmmunity members usually ____34____ t help each ther. But it is the ____35____ emtinal attachment sets Hawaii apart frm the rest f the wrld.
21. A. childrenB. businessesC. speakersD. families
22. A. treatB. greetC. praiseD. help
23. A. disasterB. phenmennC. ideaD. incident
24. A. terribleB. tastyC. traditinalD. expensive
25. A. startedB. survivedC. missedD. recrded
26. A. frestB. shpC. hmeD. schl
27. A. needsB. acceptsC. ignresD. dislikes
28. A. cldB. cmfrtableC. reasnableD. special
29. A. escapedB. drppedC. arguedD. separated
30. A. vividB. brightC. funnyD. sad
31. A. carelesslyB. immediatelyC. unnecessarilyD. hardly
32. A. in persnB. in advanceC. in returnD. in ruins
33. A. rmanticB. realisticC. cnditinalD. selfless
34. A. turnB. tendC. refuseD. pretend
35. A. cnstantB. unhealthyC. understandableD. sudden
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Next Tuesday, September 19, is Internatinal Talk Like a Pirate(海盗)Day. It ____36____(create)by Jhn Baur and Mark Summers. They had ____37____ idea when ne f them fell dwn during a racquetball game and shuted, “Arrr!”. In 2002, Dave Barry, the humr clumnist, publicized the sund ____38____ it sn caught n acrss the cuntry.
Sme peple have wndered in recent years, “Hw true des this funny nise sund like the pirate speech?”
“It’s far frm true, “says Mlly Babel, Prfessr f Arts and Linguistics at the University f British Clumbia. “But there are sme ____39____(pint)that carry thrugh.”
Accrding ____40____ Prfessr Babel, many riginal pirates came frm suthwest England, ____41____ “arrr!” was a kind f expressin like the“eh?” f Canadians. As mre pirates jined frm all ver the wrld, Pirate English, ____42____(base)n the West Cuntry, became a kind f cmmn language fr pirates.
Prfessr Babel ____43____(believe)that much f ur idea f hw pirates spke dated back t the 1950 Disney film f Treasure Island. Rbert Newtn, a British actr frm the West Cuntry, played Lng Jhn Silver, with his theatrical West Cuntry accent. He was als invited ____44____(play)Lng Jhn Silver in ther films.
“The pirate talk is still used and celebrated because it’s expressive, engaging, and ____45____(clr),” explains Prfessr Babel.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是英语俱乐部主席李华，该俱乐部将举办一次以“My Favurite Chinese Festival”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你用英语写一则通知，内容包括：
1. 比赛的时间、地点；
2. 比赛的要求；
3. 呼吁同学们积极参加。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Ntice
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The English Club
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“Mary! Cme and see what I have brught hme!” My father pened the dr and shuted cheerfully.
“Is it a dg?” I asked when I saw him hugging a huge creature in his arms.
My father ndded and put the dg n the flr. When it ran tward me, I pressed my hands tightly ver my muth t hld back a scream. I turned arund and rushed back t my rm. I lcked up the dr as sn as I culd.
Since I was attacked by a wild dg tw mnths ag, I had been living in cnstant fear f dgs. I was cnfused why my father was s happy t bring hme such a scary thing. S I decided t stay in my rm until the dg was gne. After what seemed like ages, I heard the dr pen and shut.
“Finally!” I breathed in relief and pened the dr cautiusly.
T my shck, I felt smething wet tuching my ft. It was the dg! I frze there, as if my feet were rted t the grund. When I regained my senses, I screamed, “Daddy! It is the dg! Help! It wants t bite me! Get it away frm me!”
My father was standing by the ther side f the dr，flding his arms and encuraged me,“It is nt ging t eat yu! Mary, dn’t be s scared. G n! Tuch it!”
I tried my best t cntrl my fear and bent dwn t tuch the dg. But I culd nt d it due t my cnstant and uncntrllable shaking.
“Never! I will never tuch that dirty thing! Take it away!” I shuted.
My father turned a deaf ear t my request. In despair, I picked up a tennis ball that happened t be n the flr and threw it at the dg.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The ball missed the target.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
But the next mment I was reminded f the awful experience.
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