专题二 七选五阅读 微技能　利用语篇分析，妙解七选五阅读 课件-2024年高考英语二轮复习

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利用语篇分析，妙解七选五阅读
七选五阅读所选语篇通常以说明文为主，这类文章往往层次清楚，篇章结构以“总—分(—总)”结构常见，有时也会出现“总—分—分”结构。把握住这个规律后，考生在做题前，先整体观察一下文章是不是“总—分”结构，如果是，紧接着观察每一部分(段落)是否有主题句，若有，这些主旨句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段落主旨句的位置，则该处应为段落主旨句，这样就可快速从选项中找出类似的结构，并根据本段内容做出选择。因此，精准把握语篇结构能够大大提高学生解七选五阅读的能力。
高考七选五阅读常见语篇结构如下：
微技法一　充分利用“总—分”结构中的“小标题”
段首设空时，考生应先观察“分讲部分”是否有小标题，若有，仔细观察其他段落标题的句式结构，然后，根据结构相同的原则，缩小范围，选择短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词-ing形式的短语或祈使句作为小标题。
the Digital Age，we’re used t having what we need immediately and right at ur fingertips.Hwever，research suggests that if we practiced patience，we’d be a whle lt better ff.Here are several tricks.•Practice gratitude(感激)Thankfulness has a lt f benefits...•Make yurself waitInstant gratificatin(满足) may seem like the mst “feel gd” ptin at the time，but psychlgy research suggests waiting fr things actually makes us happier in the lng run...
• 39 S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate，and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne，we get impatient abut the circumstances. A.Find yur causesB.Start with small tasksC.Accept the uncmfrtableD.All this adds up t a state f hurryE.It can als help us practice mre patienceF.This is merely uncmfrtable，nt intlerableG.They’re all situatins where we culd use a little extra patience
分析语篇结构可知，本文为“总－分”结构，再从位置上看，39题为段落主题句，与其他两段并列，也应该为祈使句，这样，备选项为A，B，C。再根据主题句要与段落内容相关的原则可知，本段提到了“当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心，应该学会奉劝自己”。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境。故选C。
Yu shuld learn t say t yurself，“ 40(F) .” Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient.
微技法二　充分利用“总—分”结构中的“首段末尾句”
在“总—分”结构的文章中，首段的末尾句往往起到统领下文的作用，如果在首段末尾处设题，正确答案的语句通常为：1.Here are sme tips/advice n hw fllwing steps may help are sme ways t...如果首段末尾处不设题，也可利用这些总结句，选出后面段落的主题句。
I have the same 24 hurs in a day as yu d，but I have made specific chices that allw me t make the mst f every day，and still feel happy and relaxed.　31　
A.Speed an active trying t balance time between them chices abut what is meaningful in yur things yu d well usually give yu greater these tips will help yu make the mst f yur is why making lists is imprtant in any prductivity handbk.
上文说作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，并且依然感到快乐和轻松，根据下文各段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help yu make the mst f yur time”与上文“t make the mst f every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议。故选F。
•Pick the mst imprtant. 32 Fcus n spending time that fr yu is fun and prductive.I chse the life f an adviser because I like t wrk with cmpanies，but dn’t want the life f a big cmpany CEO.My chices are based n the lifestyle I want.
•Cmbine yur activities.Many peple g crazy trying t figure ut hw t spend time with friends，family，wrk，play，etc. 33 Find ways t enjy them in a cmbined manner.Build yur scial life arund peple in yur wrk envirnment.Find peple in yur cmpany wh share cmmn interests and develp yur career(职业) arund the peple and activities yu lve.
• 34 Yu wuld think learning takes mre time frm yu，but actually there are always new ways f ding things that can save yu time n daily tasks，freeing yu up fr the mst imprtant.Always be lking fr a new way t gain back an hur here r there.•Lighten up.The wrld wn’t cme t an end in mst cases just because yu left a few things undne.Celebrate prgress and keep refining(改进) tward a happy prductive existence. 35 Every cmpletin is a small victry that adds up in a big way.
微技法二　充分利用篇章结构中的“标点符号”
全国甲卷和乙卷中，经常出现选项为不完整的句子的现象，2018课标Ⅰ卷也出现过。考生做题时，应先观察七个选项的特征，若七个选项无标点，文章中就会有标点，考生可充分利用设空处后面的标点符号来选择答案。设空后若是逗号，则该处填入的句子应为“未完待续”的句子，这些句子往往是从句或是主句；如果设空处前面是逗号，则该处填入的句子的首字母应为小写(专有名词除外)；如果设空处前面是问号，则该处填入的句子是对上一句的解释或回答；如果设空处是问号，那选项一般应以特殊疑问词开头，我们可以根据这些规律来迅速锁定选择范围，提高答题速度。
A(2022·新课标Ⅰ·片段)，hw d yu find a wrkut partner?First f all，decide what yu want frm that persn.
A.Yur first meeting may be a little awkward.B.A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse ’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?E.Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?F.Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
37 Or d yu just want t be physically fit，able t mve with strength and flexibility？Think abut the exercises yu wuld like t d with yur wrkut partner.
根据下文“Or d yu just want t be physically fit，able t mve with strength and flexibility？”可知空处与其并列，也应是一个疑问句，D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗？”符合语境。故选D。
B(2021·全国乙·片段) lve t talk abut themselves.If yu can start the cnversatin with a questin ther than “What d yu d fr a living？”，yu’ll be able t get a lt mre interesting cnversatin ut f whmever it is yu’re talking t.
37 ，it can bring in “I have this ld，brken-dwn vehicle” r “I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.” It just pens up cnversatin.
A.Hw d yu knw the hstB.The first step is t g explringC.If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here？”D.Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangersE.Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t sayF.What abut that persn wh has had t much t drink r wn’t stp talkingG.He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst
根据此空后的逗号和空后的句子可知，此空应该填入一个从句。再根据空后的“I have this ld，brken-dwn vehicle” “I rde the bus with these crazy peple wh were laughing at silly jkes in the back.”可知，空处应与涉及交通方式的问题有关。C项“If yu ask the questin ‘Hw did yu get here？’”符合语境。
38 ？If yu can’t take their wine away，yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx(讲台)...
根据空后的问号可知，此处应填入一个问句，故把答案锁定在A、F两项中。空后的“If yu can’t take their wine away”和“their sapbx(讲台)”与F项中的“has had t much t drink”和“wn’t stp talking”分别对应。故选F。