河南省商丘名校2022-2023学年高二下学期第一次联考英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份河南省商丘名校2022-2023学年高二下学期第一次联考英语试卷(含答案)，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
China’s Carg Spacecraft Sets New Wrld Recrd
The Tianzhu 5 carg spacecraft launched n Nvember 12th dcked with the Tiangng space statin arund nn, setting a wrld recrd fr the fastest rendezvus and dcking peratins between the tw spacecraft, accrding t the China Manned Space Agency.
The Tianzhu 5 was placed int a lw-Earth rbit by a Lng March 7 rcket that blasted ff at 10:03 a.m. at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Prvince.
After carg craft entered the rbit, it traveled tw hurs and seven minutes t rendezvus (交会对接) with the Tiangng space statin and then dcked with the massive statin at 12:10 p.m., the agency said in a news release.
The maneuvers have becme the fastest rendezvus and dcking prcesses fr spacecraft, replacing the ld recrd set by the Russian spacecraft Syuz MS-17 n Octber 14th, 2020, when it used three hurs and three minutes since its liftff t rendezvus and cnnect with the Internatinal Space Statin.
The manned space agency said the fast rendezvus and dcking are key t establishing the capability t transprt supplies t the space statin in an emergency.
The carg ship is carrying abut 5.3 metric tns f materials, including living and missin necessities, scientific equipment as well as a mini experimental satellite. The craft als carries nearly 1.4 tns f prpellants fr the Tiangng statin, the designers said.
1．At which Space Launch Center was the Tianzhu 5 carg spacecraft launched?
A. Jiuquan.B. Wenchang.C. Xichang.D. Taiyuan.
2．What d we knw abut the Tianzhu 5 carg ship?
A. It traveled tw hurs.
B. It carried astrnauts.
C. It launched n December.
D. It created the fastest rendezvus and dcking prcesses.
3．Which kind f material is nt carried by the Tianzhu 5 carg ship?
A. A vast satellite.B. Prpellants.
C. Scientific equipment. D. Missin necessities.
The FIFA Wrld Cup Trphy (奖杯) is arguably ne f the mst icnic prizes in the sprting wrld. S far, tw different trphies have been used in the histry f the FIFA Wrld Cups.
The Jules Rimet Trphy was the first trphy awarded t the winners f the FIFA Wrld Cups. Initially, the ld trphy was riginally named “Victry”. Hwever, this trphy was renamed “the Jules Rimet Trphy” in 1946. This change was made t hnr frmer FIFA president Jules Rimet, wh vted t rganize the first FIFA Wrld Cup in 1930. French sculptr Abel Lafleur designed the trphy in 1930. The trphy was 14 inches in height and weighed 8.4 punds. It was cmprised f a winged representatin f Nike, the Greek Gddess f Victry and was inspired by the Nike f Samthrace statue.
Uruguay became the first champin and kept the trphy in 1930. The trphy was eventually retired when Brazil wn the Wrld Cup final fr the third time in 1970. Fllwing their success in Mexic, Brazil was allwed t keep the trphy permanently. Hwever, the riginal trphy was stlen fr a secnd time in 1983. It was never recvered, and it was claimed that it had been melted dwn int gld bars. Fllwing the retirement f the Jules Rimet Trphy, FIFA needed a new cup. Eventually, Italian artist Silvi Gazzaniga’s design was selected as the new Wrld Cup trphy.
The mdern FIFA Wrld Cup trphy describes tw human figures hlding the earth n tp f their heads. The base f the trphy has “FIFA Wrld Cup” engraved (刻). Furthermre, fllwing every Wrld Cup, the name f the winning team and the winning year is als engraved at the base. The trphy weighs 13.61 punds. Unlike the Jules Rimet Trphy, the winning natins and future winners dn’t get t hld the riginal trphy anymre. The new regulatins state that it remains in FIFA’s pssessin. Instead, winners are given a gld-plated brnze replica (青铜复制品) prvided by FIFA.West Germany was the first natin t lift the mdern Wrld Cup trphy in 1974.
The new trphy can hld up t seventeen names and years and is likely t be retired fllwing the 2038 Wrld Cup.
4．Why was the first Wrld Cup trphy renamed?
A.T remember the designer f the cup.
B.T welcme a new glbal sccer event.
C.T expand the ppularity f the Wrld Cup.
D.T shw great respect fr the frmer FIFA president.
5．Which cuntry has wn the Jules Rimet Trphy three times?
A.Italy.B.Mexic.C.Brazil.D.Uruguay.
6．Hw is the mdern FIFA Wrld Cup trphy different frm the previus ne?
A.It is made f gld and brnze.
B.It is wned by FIFA instead f the winners.
C.It bears the wrd “Victry” at the bttm.
D.It varies the design every seventeen years.
7．What is the text mainly abut?
A.The rules f the Wrld Cup.
B.The histry f the Wrld Cup trphy.
C.The grwing trend f watching the Wrld Cup.
D.The inspiratin fr creating the Wrld Cup trphy.
On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully cmpleted its Duble Asterid Redirectin Test (DART) missin by intentinally crashing an unmanned spacecraft int the asterid(小行星) Dimrphs. The gal was nt t destry the asterid but t change its rbit. With the successful missin, NASA prved the cncept that this technique culd keep a ptentially dangerus asterid frm crashing int Earth in the future.
Dimrphs is a small asterid rbiting the larger asterid Didyms. NASA nted that Dimrphs is nt a threat t Earth, but because it passes relatively clse t Earth, it was chsen as the target fr the test missin.
Althugh the intended crash shuld change the asterid’s psitin slightly, it will add t a majr shift ver time. “If yu were ging t d this fr planetary defense, yu wuld d it 5, 10, 15, r 20 years in advance fr this technique t wrk,” said NASA prgram executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want t d it nw rather than when there’s an actual need.”
Asterids can pse a significant threat t planet Earth. Fr example, arund 66 millin years ag, an asterid arund 6 t 9 miles acrss struck the Earth in what is nw the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was s catastrphic(灾难性的) that it caused ne f the largest extinctin events in Earth’s histry. Therefre, DART’s success is an imprtant step frward in prtecting the planet frm ptential damage frm an asterid. This shws humans are n lnger pwerless t prevent this type f natural disaster.
The DART spacecraft was launched by NASA n Nvember 24, 2021. It was accmpanied by anther craft called LICIACube, supplied by the Italian Space Agency, and separated frm DART just 15 days befre the crash. LICIACube remained in rbit arund the asterid and tk phtgraphs f the crash and material ejected(弹出) frm the asterid’s surface.
8．What is the purpse f the DART missin?
A. T destry Dimrphs cmpletely.
B. T change the rbit f Dimrphs.
C. T track ptentially dangerus asterids.
D. T prevent Dimrphs frm hitting the Earth.
9．Hw can we describe the test accrding t Andrea Riley?
A. Better late than never.
B. Rb Peter t pay Paul.
C. Prepare fr a rainy day.
D. Bark up the wrng tree.
10．Why des the authr mentin the example in paragraph 4?
A. T prve the significance f DART’s success.
B. T present the effect f the largest extinctin events n humans.
C. T explain the difficulty f prtecting the Earth frm asterid strikes.
D. T shw the necessity f cnducting research n natural disasters.
11．What is LICIACube intended fr?
A. Recrding the crash test with phts.
B. Cllecting rck samples frm Dimrphs’s surface.
C. Prviding additinal energy fr the DART spacecraft.
D. Increasing the frce f crashing the DART spacecraft int Dimrphs.
Beautiful cral reefs (珊瑚礁) in Thai seas have been gradually wrsening due t glbal warming that causes cral bleaching, in additin t certain human activities withut prper cntrl and envirnmental cnsciusness. Recently, researchers frm Thai university Chulalngkm have created 3D-printed cral reefs mdeled n the nature f real crals called Innvareef t accelerate the recvery f the cral reef ecsystem.
Innvareef crals are cated with calcium and phsphate nutrients (钙磷营养物) that crals need t thrive and cnsist f flat surfaces. The reefs’ hles serve as habitats and hiding places fr many sea animals. Artificial reefs als make use f hydrdynamics technlgy t enhance their resistance t tidal frces and ensure that they stay in place. Finally, the PH (level f acidity) f the selected type f cement used fr the reefs is clse t that f seawater, and the design cncept is that f Leg, easily assembled (组装) and disassembled blcks that are easy t transprt and fix.
“The Innvareef is nt t large. It’s light-weighted and can be carried by anyne thus saving transprtatin csts. Yu can simply put it at any desired lcatin in the sea and then dive dwn t put all the units tgether t cmplete the Innvareef. Nt even five minutes afterward, fish and several cean creatures start t cme in t survey and make it their new habitat, leading t bidiversity arund the Innvareef. Mre imprtantly, the research data indicates that the settlement and grwth rates f planula n the Innvareef are better than thse n ther artificial reefs,”said Assciate Prfessr Dr. Nantarika Chansue at Chulalngkrn University.
Innvareef is the hpe fr the effective recvery f natural cral reefs. Nw the team is fcused n adding mre details s that the new structures lk mre like natural reefs. Fr the future generatins f Innvareef, the team will develp a mre specific design fr each sea species in the area.
12．What functin is expected f the Innvareef?
A. T extend the life f crals.
B. T mnitr the grwth f crals.
C. T help restre natural cral reefs.
D. T prtect cral reefs frm human destructin.
13．What d we knw abut the Innvareef frm paragraph 2?
A. It is highly resistant t heat.
B. It has lw manufacturing csts.
C. It prvides rich nutrients fr fish.
D. It is prtable and easy t assemble.
14．What are Dr. Nantarika Chansue’s wrds mainly abut?
A. The advantages f the Innvareef.
B. The inspiratin fr the Innvareef.
C. The methds f imprving cean habitats.
D. The imprtance f prtecting bidiversity.
15．What will researchers prbably d in the future?
A. Apply the Innvareef n a large scale.
B. Carry ut mre tests n the Innvareef.
C. Make a specific design f the Innvareef.
D. Cnduct further research n natural cral reefs
二、七选五
16．5 Strategies t Overcme Scial Phbia (社交恐惧)
Scial phbia is an anxiety disrder characterized by intense fear in scial situatins. Peple with scial phbia feel paralyzing fear when ther peple are arund, as well as nervusness, anguish, r shyness. As we can see, scial phbia is very uncmfrtable and limiting fr the persn wh suffers frm it, s we must differentiate it frm shyness. ①_______
Learn t relax. Peple with scial phbia ften have what is knwn as anticipatry anxiety. ②_______ Fr this we have t learn t relax instead f anticipating the fear f the future situatin.
Lk fr scial situatins. ③_______ If we try t relate utside f ur usual circle r lk fr small situatins that require a small interactin, we will see hw little by little we will feel mre cmfrtable in them. In this way, when a scial event arrives that we want t attend r participate in, we will be better able t be cmfrtable in it.
Make sure yur imaginatin des nt betray yu. ④_______In the vast majrity f cases yu are afraid f things that have nt happened r are nt happening. We have t be especially careful what we think thers may be thinking f us.
Be yurself. Scial phbia is due, in part, t the cnvictin that we have t be what is expected f us, in giving a perfect image. ⑤_______ S we d nt have t fcus s much n what thers may think f us, but n feeling cmfrtable with urselves withut having t be perfect.
A. That is, they wrry abut the situatin befre it ccurs.
B. Imaginatin can play tricks n us in scial situatins.
C. We have t learn t accept urselves and trust urselves.
D. Be aware f aviding any situatin withut vercming.
E. Next, we are ging t see a series f tips t vercme scial phbia.
F. If we cnstantly avid scial situatins ut f fear, it is very difficult fr us t be able t vercme them.
G. If we are able t ask pen questins that require mre than ne “yes” r “n” fr an answer and we fcus n the answers.
三、完形填空（20空）
The human memry is phenmenally strng. It als has a habit f getting things badly wrng. Accrding t Jnathan Hancck, ur memry expert, faulty 1 can be extremely revealing (揭露真相的).
Just last week, fr example, my wife and I were 2 hw we’d chsen ur yungest sn’s name. I had a 3 memry f us writing ut a list f pssible names, but stpping after just a few because we’d 4 ne we bth lved.
My wife disagreed. In her memry, we’d had a much 5 list, and gne back and chsen ne frm the middle f the 6 . But we fund that we’d actually dne smething cmpletely different t 7 Nate’s name.
Memry mistakes happen n a larger scale, t. The “Mandela Effect” is when lts f peple have cnfident recllectins (回忆) that turn ut t be 8 . It was named by researchers wh were discussing their strng memries f Nelsn Mandela’s death in prisn — when he actually lived fr 23 years after his 9 .
There are plenty f ther 10 f this phenmenn. If yu’re sure that yu remember seeing the Mnply Man wearing a spyglass, fr instance, r hearing a wicked queen say “Mirrr, mirrr n the wall,” yu’ve 11 it yurself, but her real meaning “Magic mirrr n the wall”.
S what’s 12 n? Well, fr starters, memry ften wrks by assciatin and similar 13 can verlap (部分重叠) in ur brains. We’re als gd at “filling in the blanks” with details that are 14 but untrue. What’s mre, whenever we run thrugh a memry, we make it strnger, 15 any bits that were wrng.
But there’s plenty f gd news here, t.
Everyne misremembers. We shuldn’t be t hard n urselves when we 16 mistakes. The mental assciatins that smetimes lead t errrs can als 17 us t find infrmatin which is difficult t lcate. If yu’re 18 with smene’s name, please try thinking f things yu assciate with them.
Discussing yur memries is great mental exercise. It 19 strengths and weaknesses, and lets yu learn tips frm thers. Besides, remembering is a creative 20 , during which we are als likely t make mistakes. It was certainly true fr my wife and me.
17．A. creatinsB. memriesC. excusesD. attitudes
18．A. researchingB. discussingC. quarrelingD. persuading
19．A. faintB. smartC. painfulD. vivid
20．A. sldB. rderedC. spttedD. reserved
21．A. deeperB. higherC. widerD. lnger
22．A. planB. prblemC. listD. hbby
23．A. chseB. writeC. printD. use
24．A. wrngB. cnsistentC. substantialD. right
25．A. rejectinB. releaseC. imprisnmentD. mvement
26．A. instructinsB. puzzlesC. examplesD. advertisements
27．A. experiencedB. witnessedC. anticipatedD. spread
28．A. dependingB. dingC. gingD. cming
29．A. cnservatinB. separatinC. facilitatinD. infrmatin
30．A. lgicalB. frtunateC. casualD. secret
31．A. excludingB. regardingC. includingD. cnsidering
32．A. makeB. carryC. thinkD. avid
33．A. attainB. helpC. frceD. refuse
34．A. cmpetingB. strugglingC. crrespndingD. exchanging
35．A. savesB. investsC. spendsD. highlights
36．A. pininB. phaseC. utcmeD. prcess
四、短文填空
37．Bilibili, a①_________ (lead) vide platfrm ppular amng China’s yunger generatin, ②_________ (annunce) n Thursday the phrase f the year n its site t be “Yu Ya”, r “elegant/elegance” when③_________ (translate) literally.
Elegant/elegance is ften used t praise smene wh is strnghearted r resilient, r gd at④_________ (stay) calm. N matter what the situatin is, he r she can maintain a calm and steady mentality.
⑤_________ (traditinal), elegance is ften assciated with middle — and high-class grups r thse with high academic backgrunds. But nw, elegance emphasizes the ability⑥_________ cntrlling and balancing life fr rdinary peple. Elegance is n lnger⑦_________ pririty.
Bullet cmments, that is, real-time⑧_________ (cmment) frm viewers fly acrss the screen like bullets while a vide is playing.
Bullet chat⑨_________ (be) a cmmentary system unique t the Bilibili ecsystem, ⑩_________viewers leave cmments that scrll acrss n-screen cntent.
五、短文改错
38．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When it cme t the cean, its pllutin is becming mre and mre serius. Wrld Ocean Day, fall n June 8th, is aimed at raising aware f preserving the cean.
The cean plays a key rle in ur wrld. Nt nly des cean ffered us sufficient fd, and it maintains the balance f nature. Thus, it is crucial fr us preserve the cean. First f all, place imprtance in ur daily actins. Fr example, garbage can’t be thrwn int the cean.
What’s the mre, we can als hand ut bklets t call n mre peple t preserve the cean. The mre peple are invlved, the gd the cean envirnment is.
All in all, it is high time that we devted urselves t preserving the cean. T preserve the cean is t prtect urself.
六、书面表达
39．众所周知，肢体语言最好的例子就是微笑。微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关，在陌生人的世界中找到朋友。请你结合生活中的一个事例，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈微笑的作用。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Smile
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参考答案
1．答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“The Tianzhu 5 was placed int a lw-Earth rbit by a Lng March 7 rcket that blasted ff at 10:03 a.m. at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in Hainan Prvince.(上午10时03分，长征七号火箭在海南省文昌航天发射中心发射升空，将“天舟五号”送入近地轨道。)”可知，天舟五号货运飞船是在文昌航天发射中心发射的，故选B。
2．答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“The Tianzhu 5 carg spacecraft launched n Nvember 12th dcked with the Tiangng space statin arund nn, setting a wrld recrd fr the fastest rendezvus and dcking peratins between the tw spacecraft(11月12日发射的天舟五号货运飞船于中午左右与天宫空间站对接，创造了两个航天器最快交会对接的世界纪录)”和倒数第三段“The maneuvers have becme the fastest rendezvus and dcking prcesses fr spacecraft(这次机动已成为航天器最快的交会对接过程)”可知，天舟5号货船创造了最快的会合和对接过程。故选D。
3．答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The carg ship is carrying abut 5.3 metric tns f materials, including living and missin necessities, scientific equipment as well as a mini experimental satellite. The craft als carries nearly 1.4 tns f prpellants fr the Tiangng statin, the designers said.(这艘货船载有约5.3公吨的物资，包括生活和任务必需品、科学设备以及一颗小型实验卫星。设计人员表示，该飞行器还为天宫站运载了近1.4吨推进剂。)”可知，天舟5号带了生活和任务必需品、科学设备以及一颗小型实验卫星，B项“推进剂”，C项“科学设备”和D项“任务必需品”符合，A项“一颗巨大的卫星。”不合原文，所以说天舟5号没有带巨大的卫星，故选A。
4．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Hwever, this trphy was renamed "the Jules Rimet Trphy" in 1946.This change was made t hnr frmer FIFA president Jules Rimet, wh vted t rganize the first FIFA Wrld Cup in1930.(然而,这座奖杯被重新命名为"朱尔斯·里梅特杯"1946年。这一改变是为了纪念前国际足联主席朱尔斯·里梅特,他在1930年投票组织了第一届国际足联世界杯。)可知第一座世界杯奖杯被重新命名是为了纪念这位前国际足联主席。故选D。
5．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段The trphy was eventually retired when Brazil wn the Wrld Cup final fr the third time in 1970.(1970年,当巴西第三次赢得世界杯决赛时,奖杯最终退役。)可知巴西曾三次夺得朱尔斯·里梅特奖杯。故选C。
6．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Unlike the Jules Rimet Trphy, the winning natins and future winners dn't get t hld the riginal trphy anymre. The new regulatins state that it remains in FIFA's pssessin.(与朱尔斯·里梅特奖杯不同,获胜国家和未来的获胜者将不再持有原始奖杯。新规定规定,奖杯仍归国际足联所有。)可知现代的国际足联世界杯奖杯与以前的不同是它由国际足联所有,而不是由获胜者所有。故选B。
7．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。阅读全文以及根据第一段The FIFA Wrld Cup Trphy(奖杯) is arguably ne f the mst icnic prizes in the sprting wrld. S far, tw different trphies have been used in the histry f the FIFA Wrld Cups.(国际足联世界杯奖杯可以说是体育界最具标志性的奖项之一。到目前为止,国际足联世界杯中使用了两种不同的奖杯。)可知本文主要是关于世界杯奖杯的历史的。故选B。
8．答案： B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“The gal was nt t destry the asterid but t change its rbit.(目标不是摧毁这颗小行星，而是改变它的轨道)”可知，DART任务的目标是改变小行星Dimrphs的轨道。故选B。
9．答案： C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“‘If yu were ging t d this fr planetary defense, yu wuld d it 5, 10, 15, r 20 years in advance fr this technique t wrk,’ said NASA prgram executive Andrea Riley. ‘This is why we test. We want t d it nw rather than when there’s an actual need.’(‘如果你要为行星防御做这件事，你会提前5年、10年、15年或20年，让这项技术发挥作用。’美国宇航局项目主管Andrea Riley说。‘这就是我们进行测试的原因。我们希望现在就行动，而不是等到真正有需要的时候。’)”可知，Andrea Riley认为这项测试是提前为行星防御做准备，是未雨绸缪的行为。故选C。
10．答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“Fr example, arund 66 millin years ag, an asterid arund 6 t 9 miles acrss struck the Earth in what is nw the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was s catastrphic(灾难性的) that it caused ne f the largest extinctin events in Earth’s histry.(例如，大约6600万年前，一颗直径约6到9英里的小行星在现在的尤卡坦半岛撞击了地球。由此产生的撞击是灾难性的，造成了地球历史上最大的灭绝事件之一)”举例说明小行星撞击地球造成的灾难性的后果，结合本段最后两句“Therefre, DART’s success is an imprtant step frward in prtecting the planet frm ptential damage frm an asterid. This shws humans are n lnger pwerless t prevent this type f natural disaster.(因此，DART的成功是保护地球免受小行星潜在破坏的重要一步。这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害)”可知，本段提及小行星撞击地球造成灾难性后果的事例，是为了表明DART成功的重要意义，这表明人类不再无力阻止这类自然灾害，故选A。
11．答案： A
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“LICIACube remained in rbit arund the asterid and tk phtgraphs f the crash and material ejected(弹出) frm the asterid’s surface.(LICIACube留在小行星周围的轨道上，拍摄了撞击和小行星表面喷出物质的照片)”可知，LICIACube飞船的目的是用照片记录撞击试验。故选A。
12．答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Recently, researchers frm Thai university Chulalngkm have created 3D-printed cral reefs mdeled n the nature f real crals called Innvareef t accelerate the recvery f the cral reef ecsystem.( 最近，泰国朱拉隆科大学的研究人员以真实珊瑚的本质为模型，创建了3D打印的珊瑚礁，称为Innvareef，以加速珊瑚礁生态系统的恢复。)”可知， 科学家打印3D珊瑚礁Innvareef的目的是帮助恢复天然珊瑚礁。故选C。
13．答案： D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Finally, the PH (level f acidity) f the selected type f cement used fr the reefs is clse t that f seawater, and the design cncept is that f Leg, easily assembled (组装) and disassembled blcks that are easy t transprt and fix.( 最后，选择用于礁石的水泥类型的pH值(酸度水平)接近海水，设计理念是乐高，易于组装和拆卸的积木，便于运输和固定。)”可知，Innvareef携带方便，易于组装。故选D。
14．答案： A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“The Innvareef is nt t large. It’s light-weighted and can be carried by anyne thus saving transprtatin csts. Yu can simply put it at any desired lcatin in the sea and then dive dwn t put all the units tgether t cmplete the Innvareef. Nt even five minutes afterward, fish and several cean creatures start t cme in t survey and make it their new habitat, leading t bidiversity arund the Innvareef. Mre imprtantly, the research data indicates that the settlement and grwth rates f planula n the Innvareef are better than thse n ther artificial reefs, (Innvareef并不太大。它很轻，任何人都可以携带，从而节省了运输成本。你可以简单地把它放在海中的任何想要的位置，然后潜到水下，把所有的装置放在一起，就完成了Innvareef。不到五分钟后，鱼类和其他海洋生物就开始来考察，并将其作为新的栖息地，从而形成了Innvareef周围的生物多样性。更重要的是，研究数据表明，浮虱在Innvareef上的沉降和生长速度比其他人工礁要好。)”可知， Nantarika Chansue博士的话是想要告诉我们Innvareef的优点。故选A。
15．答案： C
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Fr the future generatins f Innvareef, the team will develp a mre specific design fr each sea species in the area.( 对于未来几代的Innvareef，该团队将为该地区的每一种海洋物种制定更具体的设计。)”可知，科学家在将来会对Innvareef进行具体设计。故选C。
16．答案：①-⑤EAFBC
解析：①上文“Peple with scial phbia feel paralyzing fear when ther peple are arund, as well as nervusness, anguish, r shyness. (当其他人在周围时，有社交恐惧症的人会感到麻痹性的恐惧，还会感到紧张、痛苦或害羞。)”指出社交恐惧症所面临的困境，下文每段“Learn t relax.(学习放松)”，“Lk fr scial situatins.( 寻找社交场合。)”，“Make sure yur imaginatin des nt betray yu. (确保你的想象力不会欺骗你。)”，“Be yurself.(做自己)”指出了克服社交恐惧症的方法，E项“接下来，我们将看到一系列克服社交恐惧症的建议。”符合，引起下文，故选E。
②上文“Peple with scial phbia ften have what is knwn as anticipatry anxiety.(患有社交恐惧症的人通常有所谓的预期焦虑。)”指出患有社交恐惧症的人通常有预期焦虑，空处承接上文，对上文进行解释，A项“也就是说，他们在事情发生之前就开始担心了。”符合，解释了什么是预期焦虑，故选A。
③下文“If we try t relate utside f ur usual circle r lk fr small situatins that require a small interactin, we will see hw little by little we will feel mre cmfrtable in them. (如果我们尝试在平常的圈子之外联系，或者寻找需要一些小互动的小情况，我们就会看到我们在这些情况下一点一点地感到更舒服。)”指出我们应该寻找社交圈，F项“如果我们出于恐惧而不断地回避社交场合，我们就很难克服它们。”和下文形成对比，指出我们回避社交场合的危害，所以引出下文，要寻找社交圈，故选F。
④上文“Make sure yur imaginatin des nt betray yu. (确保你的想象力不会欺骗你。)”指出要确保想象力不会欺骗我们，这说明想象力会欺骗我们，B项“在社交场合，想象力可以欺骗我们。”符合，故选B。
⑤上文“Scial phbia is due, in part, t the cnvictin that we have t be what is expected f us, in giving a perfect image. ( 社交恐惧症在一定程度上是因为我们坚信，我们必须成为别人所期望的那样，给人一个完美的形象。)”指出患有社交恐惧症的人，总是想成为别人期待的那样，但实际上没有必要，我们应该接受自己的不完美，信任自己，C项“我们必须学会接受自己，相信自己。”符合，故选C。
17．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据我们的记忆专家乔纳森·汉考克的说法，错误的记忆非常能说明问题。A. creatins创造物；B. memries记忆；C. excuses借口；D. attitudes态度。根据上文“ur memry expert”可知，此处指错误的记忆非常能说明问题。故选B。
18．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，就在上周，我和妻子还在讨论我们是如何给小儿子取名字的。A. researching研究；B. discussing讨论；C. quarreling争吵；D. persuading说服。根据后文“hw we’d chsen ur yungest sn’s name”指讨论如何给小儿子取名字。故选B。
19．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我清楚地记得，我们列出了一个可能的名字的清单，但只写了几个就停了下来，因为我们发现了一个我们都喜欢的名字。A. faint模糊的；B. smart聪明的；C. painful痛苦的；D. vivid生动的，逼真的。根据下文“S we dug ut the piece f paper we’d used”可知，作者清楚地记得，曾经列出了一个可能的名字的清单，因此这段记忆是很生动逼真的。故选D。
20．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我清楚地记得，我们列出了一个可能的名字的清单，但只写了几个就停了下来，因为我们发现了一个我们都喜欢的名字。A. sld出售；B. rdered命令；C. sptted发现；D. reserved预定。根据后文“ne we bth lved”指发现了他们都喜欢的名字。故选C。
21．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在她的记忆中，我们的名单要长得多，她回过头来，从名单中间选了一个。A. deeper更深的；B. higher更高的；C. wider更宽的；D. lnger更长的。根据后文“and gne back and chsen ne frm the middle f the”可知名单很长，从中间选了一个，故选D。
22．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她的记忆中，我们的名单要长得多，她回过头来，从名单中间选了一个。A. plan计划；B. prblem问题；C. list清单；D. hbby爱好。呼应上文“a list f pssible names”指名字清单。故选C。
23．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我们发现我们选择内特的名字其实是做了一件完全不同的事情。A. chse选择；B. write写；C. print印刷；D. use使用。呼应上文“hw we’d chsen ur yungest sn’s name”指选择名字，故选A。
24．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“曼德拉效应”指的是很多人自信满满的回忆最终被证明是错误的。A. wrng错误的；B. cnsistent一致的；C. substantial大量的；D. right正确的。根据上文“Memry mistakes happen n a larger scale”可知，句子表示“曼德拉效应指的是很多人自信满满的回忆最终被证明是错误的”。故选A。
25．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个名字是由研究人员命名的，当时他们正在讨论对纳尔逊·曼德拉在狱中死亡的强烈记忆——实际上，曼德拉在获释后还活了23年。A. rejectin拒绝；B. release释放；C. imprisnment监禁；D. mvement活动。根据上文“he actually lived fr 23 years after”可知，曼德拉在获释后还活了23年。故选B。
26．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种现象还有很多其他的例子。A. instructins说明；B. puzzles困惑；C. examples例子；D. advertisements广告。后文“yu’re sure that yu remember seeing the Mnply Man wearing a spyglass”主要是在列举这种现象的例子。故选C。
27．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果你确信你记得看到大富翁男人戴着望远镜，或者听到邪恶的女王说“镜子，墙上的镜子”，那么你自己也经历过（他没有，她反而说的是“墙上的魔镜”）。A. experienced经历；B. witnessed目击；C. anticipated预期；D. spread传播。根据上文“yu’re sure that yu remember seeing the Mnply Man wearing a spyglass, fr instance, r hearing a wicked queen say “Mirrr, mirrr n the wall,””可知，此处表示“你自己也经历过”。故选A。
28．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么这是怎么回事呢？A. depending依赖；B. ding做；C. ging去；D. cming来。此处为句型what’s ging n表示“这是怎么回事”。故选C。
29．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，记忆通常是通过联想起作用的，相似的信息可以在我们的大脑中重叠。A. cnservatin保存；B. separatin分离；C. facilitatin促进；D. infrmatin信息。根据后文“can verlap (部分重叠) in ur brains”指相似的信息可以在我们的大脑中重叠。故选D。
30．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们还擅长用符合逻辑但不真实的细节“填补空白”。A. lgical逻辑上的；B. frtunate幸运的；C. casual随意的；D. secret秘密的。根据上文“memry ften wrks by assciatin”可知，记忆通常是通过联想起作用的，所以大脑是因为用符合逻辑但不真实的细节“填补空白”导致了这种现象的发生。故选A。
31．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：更重要的是，每当我们浏览一段记忆时，我们都会让它变得更强大——包括任何错误的部分。A. excluding把……排除在外；B. regarding认为；C. including包括；D. cnsidering考虑。根据上文“We’re als gd at “filling in the blanks” with details that are lgical but untrue”可知，我们会把任何错误的部分包括进记忆中。故选C。
32．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们犯错误的时候，我们不应该对自己太苛刻。A. make制作；B. carry搬运；C. think认为；D. avid避免。根据后文mistakes表示犯错误，应用make mistakes。后文“during which we are als likely t make mistakes”也是提示。故选A。
33．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时导致错误的心理联想也可以帮助我们找到难以定位的信息。A. attain获得；B. help帮助；C. frce迫使；D. refuse拒绝。根据后文“us t find infrmatin which is difficult t lcate”指错误的心理联想也可以帮助我们找到难以定位的信息。故选B。
34．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你努力地想记起某个人的名字，试着想想与他们有关的事物，看看你的大脑是否得到了所需的推动。A. cmpeting竞争；B. struggling努力；C. crrespnding通信；D. exchanging交换。根据下文“try thinking f things yu assciate with them, and see if yur brain gets the push it needs”可知，此处表示“如果你努力地想记起某个人的名字，试着想想与他们有关的事物，看看你的大脑是否得到了所需的推动”。故选B。
35．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：它突出了你的优点和缺点，并让你从别人那里学习技巧。A. saves拯救；B. invests投资；C. spends花费；D. highlights突出。根据后文“strengths and weaknesses”指突出了你的优点和缺点，故选D。
36．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，记忆是一个创造的过程，在这个过程中我们也有可能犯错误。A. pinin观点；B. phase阶段；C. utcme结果；D. prcess过程。根据后文“during which we are als likely t make mistakes”指记忆是一个创造的过程，在这个过程中我们也有可能犯错误。故选D。
37．答案：①leading②annunced③translated④staying⑤Traditinally⑥f⑦a⑧cmments⑨is⑩where
解析：①考查形容词。句意：颇受中国年轻一代欢迎的领先视频平台B站，于周四在其网站上宣布，年度短语是“优雅”，字面意思是“高雅/雅致”。此处应用形容词leading，作定语，修饰名词短语vide platfrm，意为“领先的”。故填leading。
②考查时态。句意：颇受中国年轻一代欢迎的领先视频平台B站，于周四在其网站上宣布，年度短语是“优雅”，字面意思是“高雅/雅致”。此处在句中作谓语，由n Thursday可知，句中描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故填annunced。
③考查状语从句的省略。句意：颇受中国年轻一代欢迎的领先视频平台B站，于周四在其网站上宣布，年度短语是“优雅”，字面意思是“高雅/雅致”。when引导的状语从句中，当主句主语和从句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词时，从句省略主语和be动词，从句主语the phrase f the year和动词translate是被动关系，完整从句为when they are translated literally，省略主语和be动词，故填translated。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：优雅通常用来表扬那些坚强、有韧性或善于保持冷静的人。介词at后应用动名词形式作宾语，故填staying。
⑤考查副词。句意： 传统上，优雅往往与中产阶级和上流社会群体或具有高学术背景的人联系在一起。此处应用副词traditinally作状语，修饰整个句子，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Traditinally。
⑥考查介词。句意：但是现在，优雅强调的是控制和平衡普通人生活的能力。空后是动名词，此处应用介词f，the ability f ding，意为“做某事的能力”，故填f。
⑦考查冠词。句意：优雅不再是最重要的事情。此处名词pririty是可数名词，意为“最重要的事”，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词来修饰，且pririty发音是以辅音音素开头，应用a，故填a。
⑧考查名词的复数。句意：弹幕评论，也就是说，在视频正在播放的时候，观众的实时评论像弹幕一样在屏幕上飞过。由主语cmments可知，此处评论不止一个，应用复数形式，故填cmments。
⑨考查时态和主谓一致。句意：弹幕聊天是B站生态系统独有的评论系统，观众可以在屏幕上滚动留言。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是Bullet chat，be动词应用is，故填is。
⑩考查定语从句。句意：弹幕聊天是B站生态系统独有的评论系统，观众可以在屏幕上滚动留言。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Bilibili ecsystem，为抽象地点名词，且从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where来引导，故填where。
38．答案：
When it t the cean, its pllutin is becming mre and mre serius. Wrld Ocean Day, n June 8th, is aimed at raising f preserving the cean.
The cean plays a key rle in ur wrld. Nt nly des cean us sufficient fd, it maintains the balance f nature. Thus, it is crucial fr us preserve the cean. First f all, place imprtance ur daily actins. Fr example, garbage can’t be thrwn int the cean.
What’s mre, we can als hand ut bklets t call n mre peple t preserve the cean. The mre peple are invlved, the the cean envirnment is.
All in all, it is high time that we devted urselves t preserving the cean. T preserve the cean is t prtect .
解析：1.考查固定句型。句意：说到海洋，它的污染越来越严重。when it cmes t固定句型，意为“当谈到；当说到”，故将cme改为cmes。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意：6月8日的世界海洋日，旨在增强人们对保护海洋的意识。句中有谓语is aimed at，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰Wrld Ocean Day，且动词fall和Wrld Ocean Day是主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故将fall改为falling。
3.考查名词。句意：6月8日的世界海洋日，旨在增强人们对保护海洋的意识。此处应用名词awareness作宾语，为不可数名词，故将aware改为awareness。
4.考查谓语动词。句意：海洋不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且还维持着大自然的平衡。前面有助动词，所以谓语动词ffer应用原形，故将ffered改为ffer。
5.考查连词。句意：海洋不仅为我们提供了充足的食物，而且还维持着大自然的平衡。nt (als)固定句型，意为“不仅……而且”，故将and改为but。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，保护海洋对我们来说至关重要。it be+形容词 fr sb. t d固定句型，意为“对于某人来说做某事是……”，故在preserve前加t。
7.考查介词。句意： 首先，重视我们的日常行为。place imprtance n/upn固定搭配，意为“重视”，故将in改为n/upn。
8.考查固定搭配。句意：此外，我们还可以散发小册子，号召更多的人来保护海洋。what’s mre固定搭配，意为“此外”，故将删除mre前的the。
9.考查固定句型。句意：参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。the+比较级...，the+比较级...，表示“越……，越……”，此处应用gd的比较级better，故将gd改为better。
10.考查代词。句意：保护海洋就是保护我们自己。此处表示“保护我们自己”，应用urselves，表示“我们自己”，故将urself改为urselves。
39．答案：
Smile
When it cmes t bdy language, there is nthing mre attractive than smiling. Nt nly can a beautiful smile make urselves happy, but als it enables thers t feel delighted. Smetimes, a smile is s pwerful that it gives peple suffering frm disasters great curage.
A little by named Lang Zheng, fr instance, impressed and encuraged a great many peple when a serius earthquake happened in Wenchuan. Right after he was rescued by the sldiers frm the ruins, he saluted and smiled t them, whse smile was like sunshine, warming peple wh were in sadness. It is safe/n exaggeratin t say that withut smile ur life wuld be clrless and difficult. It is suggested that we smile as much as pssible.
解析：1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→glad
例如：fr instance→fr example
发生：happen→take place
建议：suggest→advise
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：A little by named Lang Zheng, fr instance, impressed and encuraged a great many peple when a serius earthquake happened in Wenchuan.
拓展句：A little by wh is named Lang Zheng, fr example, impressed and encuraged a great many peple when a serius earthquake happened in Wenchuan.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Nt nly can a beautiful smile make urselves happy, but als it enables thers t feel delighted.(运用了倒装句，nt als连接句子时，nt nly位于句首，该部分用部分倒装)
[高分句型2] Smetimes, a smile is s pwerful that it gives peple suffering frm disasters great curage.(运用了引导的状语从句)
[高分句型3] Right after he was rescued by the sldiers frm the ruins, he saluted and smiled t them, whse smile was like sunshine, warming peple wh were in sadness.(运用了whse引导的非限制性定语从句和wh引导的限制性定语从句)