新高考英语二轮复习课件+讲义（新高考版） 第1部分 阅读理解与阅读七选五　专题2　第1讲　利用设空位置，快解阅读七选5

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阅读七选五主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。考试形式是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
解答阅读七选五题目时，方法会因人而异，所以我们在复习备考中，根据题型特点和平时的教学总结了三种比较实用的解题技法：利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五；依据线索词汇，巧解阅读七选五；根据逻辑关系，化解阅读七选五。这三种技法各有特色，没有优劣之分。有的试题仅仅运用一种方法不能找出答案，可以综合运用三种方法，灵活解题。除了这三种方法外，考生还可以利用语篇分析妙解七选五。
第1讲　利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五
命题人常采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式。句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。出题者正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。
(2022·全国乙·片段)·Practise empathy(共情) 38 .The friend wh is remaining needs t be sensitive t all the additinal time demands placed n the friend wh has mved.The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel abandned.
A.Remember imprtant datesB.Cmpensate by writing lettersC.It is als helpful fr yu t be a friendship keeperD.Try t find a time that wrks fr bth f yu and stick t itE.Friends need t talk abut their preferred methds f cmmunicatinF.It is easy t have a sense f cnnectedness thrugh scial mediaG.Yu may be the friend wh left r the ne wh was left behind
此空考查段落主旨句，可运用“中心词法”。下文“The friend wh is remaining”和“The ne in the new envirnment”提到朋友的两种不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend wh left”和“the ne wh was left behind”分别对应下文“The ne in the new envirnment”和“The friend wh is remaining”。故选G。
· 39 Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships.Althugh technlgy might make day-t-day cmmunicatin pssible，extra effrt ges a lng way n special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track f friends’ birthdays and ther imprtant dates will make sure nthing slips by yu.
此处考查段落小标题，依据其他段落小标题为祈使句，可在选项A、B、D中确定答案，再根据下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships.”可知，周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”。故选A。
·Dn’t rely n technlgy alne 40 ，but lng-distance friendships—even clse nes—may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain.Try t seek ut chances t renew friendships.Hw t d it? Just spend face-t-face time tgether whenever pssible.
根据本段小标题以及空后句“but lng-distance friendships—even clse nes—may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain”可知，维系异地友谊不能只依靠科技，我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”肯定了科技的作用，并同下文衔接紧密。故选F。
技法二　段中设空题段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。
解此类试题时首先应确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句，对于这两类句子，我们将采用不同的方法来解题。
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·片段)Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner”.One reasn was：“Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym，”while anther read：“ 36 ” With a wrkut partner，yu will increase yur training effrt as there is a subtle(微妙) cmpetitin.
A.Yur first meeting may be a little awkward.B.A wrkut partner usually needs t live clse ’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?E.Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?F.Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
此处考查细节句，上文提到感谢健身伙伴的一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼”，再根据“while anther read”可知，这里陈述另一个感谢健身伙伴的理由。所以C项“如果你和别人一起锻炼，你会更努力”符合语境。故选C。
(2021·浙江6月·片段)Yu’ve gt it’s a pstcardPaul Magalhaes，a 34-year-ld Prtuguese cmputer engineer，lves t pen his mailbx and find a brightly clred picture f Rme’s Clsseum.Or Africa’s Victria Falls.Or China’s Great Wall. 31 “I ften send pstcards t family and friends，” he says t China Daily...
A.And that’s ttally makes it extra hard t learn and practice likes t think f sending pstcards as a family-friendly lve t make a cnnectin with smene frm acrss the August 5，the number f pstcards exchanged by members tpped 31 ，if yu speak nly Chinese，receiving a card in Swedish takes part f the fun shrt，he lves pstcards，and the excitement f getting a hand-written nte frm smene far away.
此处考查总结句。根据上文可知，Paul喜欢打开邮筒，收到一张色彩鲜艳的罗马斗兽场的图片，或者是非洲维多利亚瀑布的图片，或者是中国长城的图片，由此可知，G项“总而言之，他喜欢明信片，以及收到远方某人手写的便条时的那种兴奋感”符合语境。G项中的“lves”“pstcards”分别与上文中的“lves”及下文中的“pstcards”相对应，而且G项中含有总结性词语in shrt。
ASustainable turism fcuses n reducing turism’s negative impacts and n maximizing its psitive benefits fr cmmunities，cultures，ecsystems，and the planet.There’s never been a better time t rethink past habits and reshape the way we travel.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者认为，可持续旅游的重点是减少旅游业的负面影响，并最大限度地提高其对社区、文化、生态系统和地球的积极利益，于是提出了几条有利于发展可持续旅游业的建议。
1 As yu read，think abut which practices yu can lcal mre abut lcal destinatins struggle t keep up with the are still plenty f businesses that dn’t see the ’s why we’ve runded up ur tips fr sustainable yu’ll miss ut n actually getting t knw the ，there’s n ne-size-fits-all guideline fr which methd t use.
上文“There’s never been a better time t rethink past habits and reshape the way we travel.”说明了改变和重塑旅游方式势在必行。根据下文“As yu read，think abut which practices yu can adpt.”可知，作者建议大家采用下文提出的方式。E项“这就是为什么我们收集了可持续旅行的建议”承上启下。故选E项。
Use efficient means f transprtatin.In general，planes and cars tend t be the least efficient means f transprtatin.When vacatining t clser destinatins，travel by train r cach t cut yur carbn ftprint.Once yu’re in yur destinatin，cnsider taking the bus，r cycling arund twn. 2 A.Respect lcal mre abut lcal destinatins struggle t keep up with the are still plenty f businesses that dn’t see the ’s why we’ve runded up ur tips fr sustainable yu’ll miss ut n actually getting t knw the ，there’s n ne-size-fits-all guideline fr which methd t use.
上文“When vacatining t clser destinatins，travel by train r cach t cut yur carbn ftprint.Once yu’re in yur destinatin，cnsider taking the bus，r cycling arund twn.”表明作者建议游客们按照自己的需求来选择合适且低碳的出行方式，G项中的methd对应上文的by train r cach和taking the bus等，故选G项。
Cnserve water and energy.Beynd transprtatin，turism als relies n energy fr heating，lighting，and centricity.This alng with intensive water use by turists can put great pressure n lcal water supplies and energy services. 3 Therefre，when yu’re n vacatin，d what yu can t cnserve lcal lcal mre abut lcal destinatins struggle t keep up with the are still plenty f businesses that dn’t see the ’s why we’ve runded up ur tips fr sustainable yu’ll miss ut n actually getting t knw the ，there’s n ne-size-fits-all guideline fr which methd t use.
上文“Beynd transprtatin，turism als relies n energy fr heating，lighting，and centricity.This alng with intensive water use by turists can put great pressure n lcal water supplies and energy services.”说明了游客的交通、供暖、用水等需求给旅游地造成了巨大的压力，所以选项要说明带来的影响。C项中的demand与上文的transprtatin，energy和water use等相呼应，故选C项。
Slw dwn and stay a while.Once yu’ve reached yur destinatin，yu’ll likely spend the majrity f yur vacatin rushing frm ne place t anther. 4 Instead，yu’d better slw dwn and park yurself in an area fr a while.It will allw yu t build deeper cnnectins with lcal peple and get t knw the unique lcal mre abut lcal destinatins struggle t keep up with the are still plenty f businesses that dn’t see the ’s why we’ve runded up ur tips fr sustainable yu’ll miss ut n actually getting t knw the ，there’s n ne-size-fits-all guideline fr which methd t use.
上文“Once yu’ve reached yur destinatin，yu’ll likely spend the majrity f yur vacatin rushing frm ne place t anther.”说明可能会花费大部分假期从一个地方赶往另一个地方。F项“然后你会错过真正了解目的地的机会”承接上文，说明上文所产生的影响。故选F项。
5 Travel ffers turists an pprtunity t experience ther traditins，beliefs and ways f life.Wherever yu g，remember that the destinatin yu are visiting is smene else’s hme.Be cnsiderate f lcal peple and treat them with dignity.D yur best t leave places like yu fund them s that future generatins f travelers and residents can enjy them t!A.Respect lcal mre abut lcal destinatins struggle t keep up with the are still plenty f businesses that dn’t see the ’s why we’ve runded up ur tips fr sustainable yu’ll miss ut n actually getting t knw the ，there’s n ne-size-fits-all guideline fr which methd t use.
下文“Travel ffers turists an pprtunity t experience ther traditins，beliefs and ways f life.Wherever yu g，remember that the destinatin yu are visiting is smene else’s hme.Be cnsiderate f lcal peple and treat them with dignity.”表明游客要尊重当地人和他们的文化，A项“Respect lcal cmmunities.”总结本段，符合题意。故选A项。
B(2022·福建师大附中质检)Want a relaxing but fun challenge at hme？ 1 Puzzles have been arund fr mre than 250 years and the challenge f wrking ut where each piece ges and carefully recreating the scene n the bx lid can keep yu busy fr hurs，days r even weeks.语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了拼图的玩法。A.S thers can have a can’t beat a gd cmpanies make persnalised ，a gd start desn’t always lead t a gd peple like t start by getting the fur edges f a puzzle laid can get yu used t srting ut hw the shapes，patterns and clurs g example，yu may try a map f the wrld，histrical timelines r the peridic table.
根据下文“Puzzles have been arund fr mre than 250 years...”可知，此空要引出本文主旨——拼图。B项(一个好拼图再好不过了)承上启下。故选B。
Puzzles cme in a huge range f sizes and difficulty levels.Fr beginners，a 100-piece puzzle is usually a gd starting pint. 2 Try gruping pieces with the same clurs r design because they will prbably g in the same area nce the puzzle takes thers can have a can’t beat a gd cmpanies make persnalised ，a gd start desn’t always lead t a gd peple like t start by getting the fur edges f a puzzle laid can get yu used t srting ut hw the shapes，patterns and clurs g example，yu may try a map f the wrld，histrical timelines r the peridic table.
根据下文“Try gruping pieces with the same clurs r design because they will prbably g in the same area nce the puzzle takes shape.”可知，此处讲拼图的技巧。F项(它可以让你习惯把形状、图案和颜色组合在一起)讲述拼图的技巧，符合题意，引起下文。故选F。
3 Thse pieces are easier t find because they have a straight side.Stay patient as yu search thrugh and try t make it fit tgether.Yu may nt find any cnnecting pieces fr ages but then several may suddenly thers can have a can’t beat a gd cmpanies make persnalised ，a gd start desn’t always lead t a gd peple like t start by getting the fur edges f a puzzle laid can get yu used t srting ut hw the shapes，patterns and clurs g example，yu may try a map f the wrld，histrical timelines r the peridic table.
根据下文“Thse pieces are easier t find because they have a straight side.”可知，they指的是拼图的四个边角；E项(大多数人都喜欢先拼出拼图的四边)中的fur edges对应“they have a straight side”，引起下文。故选E。
Fr a real test，puzzles that have 1,000 pieces r mre are a tugh task and it’s best t cmplete them with friends r family if yu can.Chsing a scene that interests yu，such as a favurite film，sprt r lcatin，can help keep yu interested and determined t wrk t the final piece.Yu can get fun educatinal puzzles，t. 4 A.S thers can have a can’t beat a gd cmpanies make persnalised ，a gd start desn’t always lead t a gd peple like t start by getting the fur edges f a puzzle laid can get yu used t srting ut hw the shapes，patterns and clurs g example，yu may try a map f the wrld，histrical timelines r the peridic table.
根据上文“Yu can get fun educatinal puzzles，t.”可知，此段讲述有教育意义的拼图，G项(例如，你可以尝试世界地图、历史时间表或元素周期表)承接上文。故选G。
Sme f the best places t pick up puzzles are charity shps.They’re ften n sale fr less than ￡5.Once yu have cmpleted a puzzle，it’s nice t exchange it with a friend. 5 Yu just uplad an image，such as a family scene，and they will make a puzzle frm it and pst it t yu.It makes lvely and unusual thers can have a can’t beat a gd cmpanies make persnalised ，a gd start desn’t always lead t a gd peple like t start by getting the fur edges f a puzzle laid can get yu used t srting ut hw the shapes，patterns and clurs g example，yu may try a map f the wrld，histrical timelines r the peridic table.