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A
[素材创新/]During space missins， astrnauts can experience a lss f sme f the inner structural supprt in their bnes， reducing the density（密度） f them. Fr trips in space lasting at least 6 mnths， the bne lss is equal t abut 20 years f aging. Frtunately， a new study finds a year back n earth rebuilds abut half f strength lst in the affected bnes.
"Our bnes are always remdeling（重塑），" ntes exercise scientist Leigh Gabel. "But they’ll lse sme f their strength when in space."
Gabel was part f a team that tracked 17 astrnauts. Each f these 14 men and 3 wmen had spent frm 4 t 7 mnths in space. The team measured the 3-D structure f their bnes. They fcused n the structure f the tibia（胫骨） in the lwer leg and the lwer-arm bne. The researchers tk images f the bnes 4 times — befre spaceflight， then when the astrnauts returned frm space， and again six mnths and ne year later. Frm the pictures， they gt t knw an astrnaut’s bne strength and density at each f thse times.
Astrnauts in space fr less than six mnths recvered their preflight bne strength after a year back n earth. But thse wh stayed in space lnger suffered permanent bne lss in their tibias. That lss was equal t a decade f aging. The lwer-arm bnes shwed almst n lss. That was likely because these aren’t weight-bearing bnes n earth， Gabel explains. In fact， thse arms can get a bigger wrkut in space than n earth as astrnauts use them t mve arund their craft by pushing ff handles and drways.
"Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space culd help reduce bne lss in legs，" says exercise scientist Steven Byd.
"With lnger spaceflight， we can expect bigger bne lss — and prbably a bigger prblem with recvery，" says physilgist Laurence Vic. "Space agencies shuld als cnsider ther bne heath measures t reduce bne lss and increase bne frmatin."
身处太空中的宇航员会出现骨质流失的情况，而且他们在太空中待的时间越长，这种情况会越严重。如果待的时间少于6个月，返回地球一年后，骨骼强度会恢复到进入太空前的状态；时间超过6个月的话，骨质流失将会是永久性的。
1. What may the authr think f the new study’s discvery？
A. It shws bne lss in space can be ignred.
B. It’s really beynd the researchers’ expectatins.
C. It shws peple n earth dn’t suffer bne lss.
D. It’s prbably gd news fr astrnauts back frm space.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Frtunately， a new study finds a year back n earth rebuilds abut half f strength lst in the affected bnes"可知，研究的发现对于从太空归来的宇航员来说理应是好消息，故本题选D。
2. What des Para. 3 mainly talk abut？
A. The fcus f the researchers’ study.
B. Hw Gabel’s team carried ut their research.
C. Why the researchers tk pictures 4 times.
D. Changes f the astrnauts’ bne strength and density.
解析 B 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是Gabel的团队如何开展他们的研究，故本题选B。
3. What des the underlined wrd in Para. 4 prbably mean？
A. Regular.B. Limited.
C. Everlasting.D. Typical.
解析 C 词义猜测题。结合第四段中的"Astrnauts in space fr less than six mnths recvered their preflight bne strength after a year back n earth"、画线词所在句中的关键词But以及最后一段中的"With lnger spaceflight， we can expect bigger bne lss — and prbably a bigger prblem with recvery"不难推知，permanent应该与recvered在意义上相对立，再结合四个选项可知，在太空中待的时间更长的宇航员的胫骨遭受的骨质流失应该是永久性的，故本题选C。
4. Which f the fllwing statements may Byd agree with？
A. A spaceflight less than half a year des n harm t astrnauts.
B. Astrnauts can avid bne lss thrugh ding enugh exercise.
C. Spaceflight shuld be limited as much as pssible fr astrnauts’ safety.
D. Using sme exercise devices fr legs may help the astrnauts in space.
解析 D 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中Byd的话"Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space culd help reduce bne lss in legs"可知，本题选D。
B
[科技创新/2024四川绵阳零诊]Nuclear bmbs. That’s the g-t answer fr incming space bjects like asterids（小行星） and cmets as far as Hllywd is cncerned. Mvies like DeepImpact and Armageddn rely n nuclear weapns， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， t save the wrld and deliver the drama.
But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astrnmers sptted a dangerus in-cming space rck， the safest and best answer might be smething mre subtle， like simply pushing it ff curse by crashing it with a small spacecraft.
That’s just what NASA did n Mnday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight int an asterid called Dimrphs， which is arund 7 millin miles away and pses n threat t Earth. It’s abut 525 feet acrss and rbits anther larger asterid.
In images streamed（传输） as the crash neared， the egg-shaped asterid grew in size frm a little spt n screen t have its full rcky surface cme quickly int fcus befre the signal went dead as the craft hit right n target.
Events happened exactly as engineers had planned， they said， with nthing ging wrng. "As far as we can tell， ur first planetary defense test was a success，" said Elena Adams， the missin systems engineer， wh added that scientists lked n with "bth terrr and jy" as the spacecraft neared its final destinatin.
The crash was the peak f NASA’s Duble Asterid Redirectin Test （DART）， a 7-year and mre than $300 millin effrt which launched a space vehicle in Nvember f 2021 t perfrm humanity’s first-ever test f planetary defense technlgy. It will be abut tw mnths， scientists said， befre they will be able t determine if the crash was enugh t drive the asterid slightly ff curse， prbably shrtening its riginal rbit.
NASA plans t launch an asterid-hunting space telescpe named NEO Surveyr in 2026. "We’ve tracked lts f space rcks， especially the larger nes that culd cause extinctin-level events. Thankfully， nne currently threatens Earth. But many asterids the size f Dimrphs haven’t yet been discvered， and thse culd ptentially take ut a city if they came crashing dwn，" explains Lindley Jhnsn， NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer.
文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。
1. Why des the authr mentin the mvies？
A. T make a predictin.B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T prvide a pssibility.D. T make a cmparisn.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第一段中的"Mvies like DeepImpact and Armageddn rely n nuclear weapns， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， t save the wrld and deliver the drama"和第二段"But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astrnmers sptted a dangerus in-cming space rck， the safest and best answer might be smething mre subtle， like simply pushing it ff curse by crashing it with a small spacecraft"可推知，作者提到电影是为了引出下文用小型航天器撞击危险的太空岩石，介绍文章的话题，故选B。
2. What can we infer frm the passage？
A. NASA pushed Dimrphs by crashing.
B. The 7-year prgram has drawn a cnclusin.
C. NEO Surveyr has tracked lts f space rcks.
D. Dimrphs culd cause extinctin-level events.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第二段"But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astrnmers sptted a dangerus in-cming space rck， the safest and best answer might be smething mre subtle， like simply pushing it ff curse by crashing it with a small spacecraft"和第三段中的"That’s just what NASA did n Mnday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight int an asterid called Dimrphs"可推知，本题选A。
3. Which statement des Lindley Jhnsn mst pssibly agree with？
A. Larger asterids will nt be a threat t Earth.
B. NASA shuld shulder the respnsibility fr the crash.
C. Asterids like Dimrphs are mre destructive than ther larger nes.
D. NEO Surveyr is expected t discver asterids the size f Dimrphs.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"NASA plans t launch an asterid-hunting space telescpe named NEO Surveyr in 2026"和Lindley Jhnsn的话"But many asterids the size f Dimrphs haven’t yet been discvered， and thse culd ptentially take ut a city if they came crashing dwn"可推知，计划发射NEO Surveyr是为了发现像Dimrphs这样大小的小行星，从而帮助人类及时规避风险，Lindley Jhnsn作为美国国家航空航天局的行星防御官会同意这一观点，故选D。
4. What is the best title fr the passage？
A. The impact f planetary defense technlgy
B. A threat t Earth frm asterids
C. The cntributin t space safety
D. An intentinal crash in space
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。由此可知，D项最能概括文章大意，适合做文章标题。
二、完形填空
Katya Echazarreta， 26， made histry when she became the first Mexican-brn wman t travel int space.
"It’s been my life gal t get int the space 1 and reach space，" she said.
Brn in Mexic， Katya mved with her family t San Dieg at 7. At that yung age， she asked her mther，"What d yu think is the mst 2 thing smebdy can d？" Her mther 3 ， "Fr yu， I think maybe being a（n） 4 ."
At that time， Katya 5 t smeday meet that challenge and travel t space.
As a child， she wuld lk up t the stars and believe she wuld smeday reach them. She wrked s hard in rder t make that big 6 cme true.
When her parents’ marriage came t an end， she helped 7 her yunger brthers and sisters and started a jb at McDnald’s.Thugh she had t wrk lng hurs， she never lst sight f her dream.
After cllege， she accepted an internship（实习期） at NASA， achieving her first 8 f wrking in the space industry. She did a great jb and was 9 a full-time jb later.
In 2019， Katya heard f a 10 pprtunity ffered by Space fr Humanity. The rganizatin lked fr applicatins fr its first Citizen Astrnaut prgram， which wuld 11 ne persn t jin a six-persn space flight as part f a June 2022 missin. 12 ， Katya was chsen frm thusands f peple.
"One f the mst 13 things f this was getting t tell my mm，" Katya shared. She always thinks it was her mther’s 14 that kept her wrking hard and dreaming big. "The 15 in space was abslutely wnderful，" Katya added. "And I finally achieved my lifelng dream."
本文为记叙文，主要讲述了Katya Echazarreta实现飞向太空的梦想的故事。
1. A. wishB. infrmatin
C. industryD. rganizatin
解析 C 投身太空行业（industry）和抵达太空一直是Katya的人生目标。
2. A. fficialB. ppular
C. frmalD. challenging
解析 D 你认为一个人所能做的最有挑战的（challenging）事情是什么？challenging与第5空所在句中的meet that challenge相吻合。
3.A. repliedB. shuted
C. explainedD. rdered
解析 A 结合上文的问题可知，此处说的应该是"母亲回答说……"，故用replied。
4. A. engineerB. scientist
C. reprterD. astrnaut
解析 D 结合下文内容可知，空格所填词表示的应是"航天员"，故选D。
5. A. stppedB. refused
C. agreedD. determined
解析 D 此处说的是"那时，Katya决定（determined）将来迎接挑战，飞向太空"。
6. A. imaginatinB. dream
C. difficultyD. difference
解析 B 此处说的是"为了让远大的梦想（dream）变成现实，她学习非常努力"，故选B。
7.A. care frB. turn arund
C. pick utD. prepare fr
解析 A 此处说的是Katya帮忙照看（care fr）年幼的弟弟和妹妹，故选A。
8.A. discussinB. respnsibility
C. missinD. educatin
解析 C 此处说的是"完成她的第一个任务（missin）——进入太空行业工作"，故选C。
9.A. fferedB. lent
C. preventedD. advised
解析 A Katya表现突出，之后获得了全职工作。ffer在此表示"给予，提供"。
10.A. seriusB. basic
C. preciusD. varius
解析 C 此处指Katya获悉了一个宝贵的（precius）机会，故选C。
11.A. warnB. allw
C. inviteD. cause
解析 B 此处说的是该计划可以允许一个人加入一个六人的航空之旅。allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人做某事。
12.A. LuckilyB. Suddenly
C. PrbablyD. Generally
解析 A 幸运的是（Luckily），Katya从数千人中脱颖而出。
13.A. ppularB. beautiful
C. carefulD. surprising
解析 B 此处说的是"这一切之中最美好的（beautiful）事情之一是得以告诉妈妈"，故选B。
14.A. dubtB. success
C. wrryD. supprt
解析 D 她一直认为是妈妈的支持（supprt）让她努力工作和心怀远大梦想，故选D。
15.A. experienceB. celebratin
C. challengeD. imaginatin
解析 A 所填词指的应该是飞入太空的这一经历（experience），故选A。
三、语法填空
[2023江西南昌一模]A small device， MOXIE， has prduced xygen n the surface f Mars，1 （bring） the chances f surviving n the red planet a step clser. Research published in 2 jurnal ScienceAdvances reprted that MOXIE prduced breathable xygen in seven-hur-lng tests cnducted in varius weather and atmspheric（大气的） cnditins last year. The research als fund that even in extreme 3 （temperature） and after a Martian dust strm， MOXIE 4 （cntinue） t prduce high-purity xygen.
"This is the first demnstratin f actually using resurces n the surface f Mars and transfrming 5 （they） chemically int smething useful fr a human missin，" Jeffrey Hffman， a 6 （retire） astrnaut， said.
"The thin atmsphere n Mars is 96 percent carbn dixide and much mre 7 （change） than that n Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees，" Hffman said. "One aim is t shw we can run MOXIE in all seasns."
The device， MOXIE， uses sme special pumps，8 suck in carbn dixide. The gas 9 （heat） t 800 ℃ and pressed t separate the carbn and xygen. Carbn mnxide is sent ut as waste while the pure xygen is left behind.
Despite the challenges， MOXIE has prved durable in the extreme cnditins n Mars and scientists regard the test results 10 a great achievement.
本文主要讲述了一个小设备MOXIE在火星表面合成了氧气这一事件。这是人类首次利用火星表面的资源并将其转化为对人类任务有用的东西。
1.bringing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是has prduced，空处所填词为非谓语动词；结合语境可知，此处应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果，且此处表示主动关系，所以空处填bringing。
2.the 考查冠词。分析语境可知，此处表示特指，所以空处填定冠词the。
3.temperatures 考查名词的数。由空前的extreme可知，空处应用名词，此处表示各种极端温度，所以空处填复数名词temperatures。
4.cntinued 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作宾语从句的谓语。结合主句的谓语fund和从句中的after a Martian dust strm可知，此处时态也用一般过去时；主语MOXIE与cntinue之间是主动关系，所以空处填cntinued。
5.them 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作transfrming的宾语，应用宾格形式，所以空处填them。
6.retired 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰空后的名词astrnaut，应用形容词，所以空处填retired（已退休的）。
7.changeable 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作表语，表示事物的特征，应用形容词，所以空处填changeable。
8.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which。
9.isheated 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，时态用一般现在时；主语The gas与heat之间是被动关系；主语The gas表示第三人称单数概念，所以空处填is heated。
10.as 考查介词。此处考查固定表达（把……看作……）。
A
[素材创新/]During space missins， astrnauts can experience a lss f sme f the inner structural supprt in their bnes， reducing the density（密度） f them. Fr trips in space lasting at least 6 mnths， the bne lss is equal t abut 20 years f aging. Frtunately， a new study finds a year back n earth rebuilds abut half f strength lst in the affected bnes.
"Our bnes are always remdeling（重塑），" ntes exercise scientist Leigh Gabel. "But they’ll lse sme f their strength when in space."
Gabel was part f a team that tracked 17 astrnauts. Each f these 14 men and 3 wmen had spent frm 4 t 7 mnths in space. The team measured the 3-D structure f their bnes. They fcused n the structure f the tibia（胫骨） in the lwer leg and the lwer-arm bne. The researchers tk images f the bnes 4 times — befre spaceflight， then when the astrnauts returned frm space， and again six mnths and ne year later. Frm the pictures， they gt t knw an astrnaut’s bne strength and density at each f thse times.
Astrnauts in space fr less than six mnths recvered their preflight bne strength after a year back n earth. But thse wh stayed in space lnger suffered permanent bne lss in their tibias. That lss was equal t a decade f aging. The lwer-arm bnes shwed almst n lss. That was likely because these aren’t weight-bearing bnes n earth， Gabel explains. In fact， thse arms can get a bigger wrkut in space than n earth as astrnauts use them t mve arund their craft by pushing ff handles and drways.
"Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space culd help reduce bne lss in legs，" says exercise scientist Steven Byd.
"With lnger spaceflight， we can expect bigger bne lss — and prbably a bigger prblem with recvery，" says physilgist Laurence Vic. "Space agencies shuld als cnsider ther bne heath measures t reduce bne lss and increase bne frmatin."
身处太空中的宇航员会出现骨质流失的情况，而且他们在太空中待的时间越长，这种情况会越严重。如果待的时间少于6个月，返回地球一年后，骨骼强度会恢复到进入太空前的状态；时间超过6个月的话，骨质流失将会是永久性的。
1. What may the authr think f the new study’s discvery？
A. It shws bne lss in space can be ignred.
B. It’s really beynd the researchers’ expectatins.
C. It shws peple n earth dn’t suffer bne lss.
D. It’s prbably gd news fr astrnauts back frm space.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第一段中的"Frtunately， a new study finds a year back n earth rebuilds abut half f strength lst in the affected bnes"可知，研究的发现对于从太空归来的宇航员来说理应是好消息，故本题选D。
2. What des Para. 3 mainly talk abut？
A. The fcus f the researchers’ study.
B. Hw Gabel’s team carried ut their research.
C. Why the researchers tk pictures 4 times.
D. Changes f the astrnauts’ bne strength and density.
解析 B 段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是Gabel的团队如何开展他们的研究，故本题选B。
3. What des the underlined wrd in Para. 4 prbably mean？
A. Regular.B. Limited.
C. Everlasting.D. Typical.
解析 C 词义猜测题。结合第四段中的"Astrnauts in space fr less than six mnths recvered their preflight bne strength after a year back n earth"、画线词所在句中的关键词But以及最后一段中的"With lnger spaceflight， we can expect bigger bne lss — and prbably a bigger prblem with recvery"不难推知，permanent应该与recvered在意义上相对立，再结合四个选项可知，在太空中待的时间更长的宇航员的胫骨遭受的骨质流失应该是永久性的，故本题选C。
4. Which f the fllwing statements may Byd agree with？
A. A spaceflight less than half a year des n harm t astrnauts.
B. Astrnauts can avid bne lss thrugh ding enugh exercise.
C. Spaceflight shuld be limited as much as pssible fr astrnauts’ safety.
D. Using sme exercise devices fr legs may help the astrnauts in space.
解析 D 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中Byd的话"Increasing weight-lifting exercises in space culd help reduce bne lss in legs"可知，本题选D。
B
[科技创新/2024四川绵阳零诊]Nuclear bmbs. That’s the g-t answer fr incming space bjects like asterids（小行星） and cmets as far as Hllywd is cncerned. Mvies like DeepImpact and Armageddn rely n nuclear weapns， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， t save the wrld and deliver the drama.
But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astrnmers sptted a dangerus in-cming space rck， the safest and best answer might be smething mre subtle， like simply pushing it ff curse by crashing it with a small spacecraft.
That’s just what NASA did n Mnday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight int an asterid called Dimrphs， which is arund 7 millin miles away and pses n threat t Earth. It’s abut 525 feet acrss and rbits anther larger asterid.
In images streamed（传输） as the crash neared， the egg-shaped asterid grew in size frm a little spt n screen t have its full rcky surface cme quickly int fcus befre the signal went dead as the craft hit right n target.
Events happened exactly as engineers had planned， they said， with nthing ging wrng. "As far as we can tell， ur first planetary defense test was a success，" said Elena Adams， the missin systems engineer， wh added that scientists lked n with "bth terrr and jy" as the spacecraft neared its final destinatin.
The crash was the peak f NASA’s Duble Asterid Redirectin Test （DART）， a 7-year and mre than $300 millin effrt which launched a space vehicle in Nvember f 2021 t perfrm humanity’s first-ever test f planetary defense technlgy. It will be abut tw mnths， scientists said， befre they will be able t determine if the crash was enugh t drive the asterid slightly ff curse， prbably shrtening its riginal rbit.
NASA plans t launch an asterid-hunting space telescpe named NEO Surveyr in 2026. "We’ve tracked lts f space rcks， especially the larger nes that culd cause extinctin-level events. Thankfully， nne currently threatens Earth. But many asterids the size f Dimrphs haven’t yet been discvered， and thse culd ptentially take ut a city if they came crashing dwn，" explains Lindley Jhnsn， NASA’s Planetary Defense Officer.
文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。
1. Why des the authr mentin the mvies？
A. T make a predictin.B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T prvide a pssibility.D. T make a cmparisn.
解析 B 推理判断题。由第一段中的"Mvies like DeepImpact and Armageddn rely n nuclear weapns， delivered by stars like Bruce Willis， t save the wrld and deliver the drama"和第二段"But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astrnmers sptted a dangerus in-cming space rck， the safest and best answer might be smething mre subtle， like simply pushing it ff curse by crashing it with a small spacecraft"可推知，作者提到电影是为了引出下文用小型航天器撞击危险的太空岩石，介绍文章的话题，故选B。
2. What can we infer frm the passage？
A. NASA pushed Dimrphs by crashing.
B. The 7-year prgram has drawn a cnclusin.
C. NEO Surveyr has tracked lts f space rcks.
D. Dimrphs culd cause extinctin-level events.
解析 A 推理判断题。由第二段"But planetary defense experts say in reality， if astrnmers sptted a dangerus in-cming space rck， the safest and best answer might be smething mre subtle， like simply pushing it ff curse by crashing it with a small spacecraft"和第三段中的"That’s just what NASA did n Mnday evening， when a spacecraft headed straight int an asterid called Dimrphs"可推知，本题选A。
3. Which statement des Lindley Jhnsn mst pssibly agree with？
A. Larger asterids will nt be a threat t Earth.
B. NASA shuld shulder the respnsibility fr the crash.
C. Asterids like Dimrphs are mre destructive than ther larger nes.
D. NEO Surveyr is expected t discver asterids the size f Dimrphs.
解析 D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"NASA plans t launch an asterid-hunting space telescpe named NEO Surveyr in 2026"和Lindley Jhnsn的话"But many asterids the size f Dimrphs haven’t yet been discvered， and thse culd ptentially take ut a city if they came crashing dwn"可推知，计划发射NEO Surveyr是为了发现像Dimrphs这样大小的小行星，从而帮助人类及时规避风险，Lindley Jhnsn作为美国国家航空航天局的行星防御官会同意这一观点，故选D。
4. What is the best title fr the passage？
A. The impact f planetary defense technlgy
B. A threat t Earth frm asterids
C. The cntributin t space safety
D. An intentinal crash in space
解析 D 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的行星防御专家实施行星防御测试，利用小型航天器撞击一块即将到来的危险太空岩石，使太空岩石偏离轨道的事情。由此可知，D项最能概括文章大意，适合做文章标题。
二、完形填空
Katya Echazarreta， 26， made histry when she became the first Mexican-brn wman t travel int space.
"It’s been my life gal t get int the space 1 and reach space，" she said.
Brn in Mexic， Katya mved with her family t San Dieg at 7. At that yung age， she asked her mther，"What d yu think is the mst 2 thing smebdy can d？" Her mther 3 ， "Fr yu， I think maybe being a（n） 4 ."
At that time， Katya 5 t smeday meet that challenge and travel t space.
As a child， she wuld lk up t the stars and believe she wuld smeday reach them. She wrked s hard in rder t make that big 6 cme true.
When her parents’ marriage came t an end， she helped 7 her yunger brthers and sisters and started a jb at McDnald’s.Thugh she had t wrk lng hurs， she never lst sight f her dream.
After cllege， she accepted an internship（实习期） at NASA， achieving her first 8 f wrking in the space industry. She did a great jb and was 9 a full-time jb later.
In 2019， Katya heard f a 10 pprtunity ffered by Space fr Humanity. The rganizatin lked fr applicatins fr its first Citizen Astrnaut prgram， which wuld 11 ne persn t jin a six-persn space flight as part f a June 2022 missin. 12 ， Katya was chsen frm thusands f peple.
"One f the mst 13 things f this was getting t tell my mm，" Katya shared. She always thinks it was her mther’s 14 that kept her wrking hard and dreaming big. "The 15 in space was abslutely wnderful，" Katya added. "And I finally achieved my lifelng dream."
本文为记叙文，主要讲述了Katya Echazarreta实现飞向太空的梦想的故事。
1. A. wishB. infrmatin
C. industryD. rganizatin
解析 C 投身太空行业（industry）和抵达太空一直是Katya的人生目标。
2. A. fficialB. ppular
C. frmalD. challenging
解析 D 你认为一个人所能做的最有挑战的（challenging）事情是什么？challenging与第5空所在句中的meet that challenge相吻合。
3.A. repliedB. shuted
C. explainedD. rdered
解析 A 结合上文的问题可知，此处说的应该是"母亲回答说……"，故用replied。
4. A. engineerB. scientist
C. reprterD. astrnaut
解析 D 结合下文内容可知，空格所填词表示的应是"航天员"，故选D。
5. A. stppedB. refused
C. agreedD. determined
解析 D 此处说的是"那时，Katya决定（determined）将来迎接挑战，飞向太空"。
6. A. imaginatinB. dream
C. difficultyD. difference
解析 B 此处说的是"为了让远大的梦想（dream）变成现实，她学习非常努力"，故选B。
7.A. care frB. turn arund
C. pick utD. prepare fr
解析 A 此处说的是Katya帮忙照看（care fr）年幼的弟弟和妹妹，故选A。
8.A. discussinB. respnsibility
C. missinD. educatin
解析 C 此处说的是"完成她的第一个任务（missin）——进入太空行业工作"，故选C。
9.A. fferedB. lent
C. preventedD. advised
解析 A Katya表现突出，之后获得了全职工作。ffer在此表示"给予，提供"。
10.A. seriusB. basic
C. preciusD. varius
解析 C 此处指Katya获悉了一个宝贵的（precius）机会，故选C。
11.A. warnB. allw
C. inviteD. cause
解析 B 此处说的是该计划可以允许一个人加入一个六人的航空之旅。allw sb. t d sth. 允许某人做某事。
12.A. LuckilyB. Suddenly
C. PrbablyD. Generally
解析 A 幸运的是（Luckily），Katya从数千人中脱颖而出。
13.A. ppularB. beautiful
C. carefulD. surprising
解析 B 此处说的是"这一切之中最美好的（beautiful）事情之一是得以告诉妈妈"，故选B。
14.A. dubtB. success
C. wrryD. supprt
解析 D 她一直认为是妈妈的支持（supprt）让她努力工作和心怀远大梦想，故选D。
15.A. experienceB. celebratin
C. challengeD. imaginatin
解析 A 所填词指的应该是飞入太空的这一经历（experience），故选A。
三、语法填空
[2023江西南昌一模]A small device， MOXIE， has prduced xygen n the surface f Mars，1 （bring） the chances f surviving n the red planet a step clser. Research published in 2 jurnal ScienceAdvances reprted that MOXIE prduced breathable xygen in seven-hur-lng tests cnducted in varius weather and atmspheric（大气的） cnditins last year. The research als fund that even in extreme 3 （temperature） and after a Martian dust strm， MOXIE 4 （cntinue） t prduce high-purity xygen.
"This is the first demnstratin f actually using resurces n the surface f Mars and transfrming 5 （they） chemically int smething useful fr a human missin，" Jeffrey Hffman， a 6 （retire） astrnaut， said.
"The thin atmsphere n Mars is 96 percent carbn dixide and much mre 7 （change） than that n Earth and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees，" Hffman said. "One aim is t shw we can run MOXIE in all seasns."
The device， MOXIE， uses sme special pumps，8 suck in carbn dixide. The gas 9 （heat） t 800 ℃ and pressed t separate the carbn and xygen. Carbn mnxide is sent ut as waste while the pure xygen is left behind.
Despite the challenges， MOXIE has prved durable in the extreme cnditins n Mars and scientists regard the test results 10 a great achievement.
本文主要讲述了一个小设备MOXIE在火星表面合成了氧气这一事件。这是人类首次利用火星表面的资源并将其转化为对人类任务有用的东西。
1.bringing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是has prduced，空处所填词为非谓语动词；结合语境可知，此处应用现在分词形式表示自然而然的结果，且此处表示主动关系，所以空处填bringing。
2.the 考查冠词。分析语境可知，此处表示特指，所以空处填定冠词the。
3.temperatures 考查名词的数。由空前的extreme可知，空处应用名词，此处表示各种极端温度，所以空处填复数名词temperatures。
4.cntinued 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作宾语从句的谓语。结合主句的谓语fund和从句中的after a Martian dust strm可知，此处时态也用一般过去时；主语MOXIE与cntinue之间是主动关系，所以空处填cntinued。
5.them 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词作transfrming的宾语，应用宾格形式，所以空处填them。
6.retired 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词修饰空后的名词astrnaut，应用形容词，所以空处填retired（已退休的）。
7.changeable 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作表语，表示事物的特征，应用形容词，所以空处填changeable。
8.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以空处填which。
9.isheated 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处所填词在句中作谓语。结合语境可知，时态用一般现在时；主语The gas与heat之间是被动关系；主语The gas表示第三人称单数概念，所以空处填is heated。
10.as 考查介词。此处考查固定表达（把……看作……）。
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