备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练习第一部分过透教材Unit3EnvironmentalProtection新人教版选择性必修第三册

这是一份备考2024届高考英语一轮复习课时提能练习第一部分过透教材Unit3EnvironmentalProtection新人教版选择性必修第三册，共7页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，完形填空，语法填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。

A
[生态环保/2023江西南昌一模]A new study suggests that pllutin f all kinds kills nearly 9 millin peple wrldwide each year. Air pllutin frm industrial prcesses and the expansin f cities accunted fr abut 75％ f the deaths， researchers fund. The study was based n examinatins f wrldwide death rates and pllutin levels.
The study separated traditinal pllutants frm mdern pllutants. Examples f traditinal pllutants are indr smke r waste water. Mdern pllutants include air pllutin frm vehicles r industrial activities and pisnus chemicals. The researchers fund that deaths frm traditinal pllutants are drpping wrldwide. But they remain a majr prblem in Africa and sme ther develping cuntries. In sme cuntries， state prgrams t cut indr air pllutin and imprvements in sanitatin（卫生设备） have helped reduce death rates. In Ethipia and Nigeria， fr example， such effrts cut deaths by tw-thirds between 2000 and 2019， the study fund.
Mdern kinds f pllutin are rising in mst cuntries， especially develping nes， the researchers said. Deaths caused by mdern pllutants — heavy metals， agricultural chemicals and carbn emissins — are "skyrcketing"， said study c-writer Rachael Kupka. She heads the New Yrk-based Glbal Alliance n Health and Pllutin. Kupka said deaths linked t mdern pllutants had risen by 66％ since 2000.
"Nine millin deaths are a lt f deaths，" Philip Landrigan tld the Assciated Press abut the study’s results. He is directr f the Glbal Public Health Prgram and Glbal Pllutin Observatry at Bstn Cllege in Massachusetts. "The bad news is that it’s nt decreasing，" Landrigan added."We’re making gains in the easy stuff， and we’re seeing the mre difficult stuff — utdr industrial air pllutin and chemical pllutin — still ging up."
The study makes several suggestins fr ways t cut the number f deaths. These include creating better recrding and reprting methds and strnger gvernment plicies t reduce pllutin linked t industrial activities and vehicle emissins.
"We abslutely knw hw t slve pllutin prblems，" said study c-authr Richard Fuller. "What’s missing is plitical will."
本文主要讲述了一项新的研究，该研究发现每年死于环境污染的人数众多，且现代化污染还在加剧。文章还提到了研究人员的一些相关看法和提议。
【词语积累】 expansin n.扩张，扩展，扩大，膨胀
accunt fr（数量、比例上）占 pisnus adj.有毒的
1.What can be learned frm the study abut pllutin？
A. Air pllutin killed 9 millin peple last year.
B. Cutting indr air pllutin is the best plicy.
C. Traditinal pllutin is very serius in Nigeria.
D. Traditinal pllutants cause less death than befre.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第二段中的"The researchers fund that deaths frm traditinal pllutants are drpping wrldwide"可知，世界范围内传统污染物造成的死亡人数在下降，换句话说，就是比以前少了，故D项正确。
2. What des the underlined wrd "skyrcketing" in paragraph 3 prbably mean？
A. Imprving.B. Increasing.
C. Reducing.D. Wrsening.
解析 B 词义猜测题。由画线词后的"deaths linked t mdern pllutants had risen 66％ since 2000"可知，现代化污染物造成的死亡人数在上升，故B项与画线词在意思上最为接近。
3. What can be inferred frm Philip Landrigan’s wrds？
A. It is easy t fight mdern pllutin.
B. Outdr air pllutin is decreasing.
C. Mdern pllutin still cncerns peple.
D. It is hard t tell the reasns fr pllutin.
解析 C 推理判断题。由第四段中Philip Landrigan所说的话可知，900万的死亡人数是一个很大的数字，且还存在更麻烦的事物——户外工业空气污染和化学污染还在增加。由第二段第三句话可知，两者均为现代化污染，所以此处是说现代化污染还在加剧。据此可以推断，Philip Landrigan认为现代化污染仍在困扰着人们，故C项正确。
4. What might be talked abut in the paragraph that fllws？
A. Methds t reduce pllutin.
B. The gvernment’s respnse t pllutin.
C. Suggestins fr industrial activities.
D. The damage caused by vehicle emissins.
解析 B 推理判断题。由最后一段中的"What’s missing is plitical will"和行文逻辑可以推断，最后一段既然提到了现在还缺乏政治意愿，那么接下来应该会讲到政策（政府）方面对污染的回应，故B项正确。
B
[2024安徽六校开学测试]This 3-mile stretch f sand and tide pls beneath a frtress f 80-ft bluffs is a Califrnia turism pster if there ever was ne. Nthing disturbs the perfect， sunny view， except — nce yu ntice them — micrplastic particles. But yu have t lk clse — n-yur-hands-and-knees clse — t see ne. And nce yu d， yu see anther and anther — s many that yu may nt think f this， r any beach， in the same way again. These tiny preprductin plastic balls that manufacturers melt dwn t frm everything have been escaping factries， cntainer ships， trains， trucks and public ntice fr decades.
The 2-t 3-millimeter multiclred balls are a subset（子集） f micrplastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size. Micrplastic particles accumulate where water takes them， and they’ve been fund n shrelines f every cntinent.
Mark McReynlds is an envirnmental scientist wh’s nw jined a glbal mvement studying their trail int the envirnment. Establishing a baseline cunt f the presence f micrplastic particles — and， mre bradly， any micrplastics — is the fcus f Dr McReynlds’ scientific study here. Charting the cunt and nting tide， current and weather cnditins will shw if amunts are increasing， and perhaps at what rate and why. That knwledge， he says， can infrm slutins t plastic pllutin such as regulatin f their use.
"What are yu ding？ Picking up trash？" asks a steady stream f beach walkers whenever Dr McReynlds’ crew walks nt the beach and sets up equipment. These are teachable mments fr Dr McReynlds.
One recent mrning he tld sme beach walkers hw micrplastic particles are believed t absrb txic chemicals， and — because they resemble fish eggs — are eaten by fish and birds and enter the fd chain. Almst right n time， a seagull hpped up t a plastic-cated pht f micrplastic particles and hungrily pecked（啄食） at it.
Will his wrk help save the wrld？ Dr McReynlds waves a finger at that idea， "I wn’t ever use that wrd —I wn’t save the wrld frm this pllutin prblem. Prtect it， yes. We want t take care f it."
微塑料颗粒因为体积小，很久以来一直被人类忽视，但其实它们对地球生物有着极其可怕的影响。为了更好地保护地球，环境科学家McReynlds以及他的团队正在进行一项研究。
【词语积累】 particle n.颗粒 melt dwn熔化
accumulate v.堆积，积聚，积累 establish v.确定，建立
resemble v.看起来像
【熟词生义】 1.escape 常用义：v. 逃跑 文中义：v. 被忽视
2.chart 常用义：n. 图表 文中义：v. 记录，跟踪
1. What can we knw abut micrplastic particles frm paragraph 1？
A. They are t small t be seen.
B. They are prducts f plastic balls.
C. They have been ignred fr lng.
D. They can be made int almst nthing.
解析 C 细节理解题。由第一段中的"These tiny preprductin plastic been ntice fr decades"可知，本题选C项。
2. What des Dr McReynlds fcus n in his study？
A. Classifying plastic particles int subsets.
B. Finding slutins t plastic pllutin.
C. Charting the tides and currents f ceans.
D. Getting t knw the basic amunts f micrplastics.
解析 D 细节理解题。由第三段的"Establishing a baseline McReynlds’ scientific study here"可知，本题选D项。
3. What des a seagull’s pecking at the picture prve？
A. The interesting teachable mments.
B. The harmful effect f micrplastic particles.
C. The spread f pisnus chemicals.
D. The beauty f the pht f micrplastic particles.
解析 B 推理判断题。由倒数第二段的"hw micrplastic particles are pecked（啄食） at it"可知，微塑料颗粒会吸收有毒的化学物质，且因为它们看上去像鱼卵，它们会被鱼类和鸟类吃掉，从而进入食物链。结合以上信息不难推知，海鸥的举动正好说明了微塑料颗粒的危害，故选B项。
4. What des Dr McReynlds expect f his wrk？
A. T inspire the public.
B. T test slutins.
C. T preserve the earth.
D. T save the wrld.
解析 C 细节理解题。由最后一段的"I wn’t save the wrld frm this pllutin prblem. Prtect it， yes. We want t take care f it"可知，本题选C项。
二、完形填空
[2024福建福州一测]The amunt and scale（规模） f envirnmental issues may seem t much fr rdinary peple. But with hard wrk and determinatin， anyne can 1 great things.
One such persn is Yin Yuzhen. At a yung age， Yin mved t Inner Mnglia t live with her husband in the desert. She felt 2 . T cheer herself up and imprve the 3 envirnment， Yin began planting trees t take 4 back frm the desert. "I wuld rather die f 5 frm fighting the sand than be buried by it！" she said. The cuple had t travel n ft， ding 6 by hand. At first， many trees did nt survive， 7 ver the years， she learnt frm her 8 ，discvering the best plants and methds t use t successfully plant a 9 in the desert. Over mre than three decades， they have planted ver 300，000 trees. It has been said f Yin： "She is a symbl f curage， patience， and 10 . Her wrk in greening the desert deserves universal 11 ."
It is withut any dubt 12 t see a clear example f hw the prblem f desertificatin can be dealt with. 13 may seem small and insignificant， yet ver time they 14 tgether t becme great achievements. A jurney f 1，000 miles begins with a single step and the will t 15 . Take yur first step. Plant yur first tree.
殷玉珍年轻的时候前往内蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，为了振奋精神、改善艰苦环境，她和丈夫开始种树。虽然刚开始树的成活率不高，但他们逐渐取得了成功。30多年来，他们总共种了30多万棵树。
1. A. turnB. stre
C. achieveD. prmise
解析 C 结合下文讲述的事迹和常识可知，此处说的是"只要努力、有决心，任何人都可以实现（achieve）伟大的事业"，故选C项。
2. A. lnelyB. nervus
C. freeD. well
解析 A 由空前的"At a yung age， Yin mved t Inner Mnglia t live with her husband in the desert"和常识可知，一个年轻姑娘孤身前往内蒙古和丈夫在沙漠生活，应该会感到孤独（lnely）。
3. A. friendlyB. changing
C. quietD.tugh
解析 D 由常识和殷玉珍夫妇种树的举动可知，殷玉珍想改变沙漠里艰苦的（tugh）环境。
4. A. airB. land
C. fdD. energy
解析 B 由常识可知，在沙漠里种树是为了从沙漠那里夺回土地（land）。
5. A. sicknessB. emptiness
C. tirednessD. sadness
解析 C 殷玉珍宁可种树累死（die f tiredness）也不愿被沙土掩埋。
6.A. everythingB. smething
C. nthingD. anything
解析 A 殷玉珍夫妇出行靠走，一切事情（everything）都要靠手去做。
7. A. rB. and
C. sD. but
解析 D 所填词表示转折关系，故用but。
8.A. failureB. feelings
C. determinatinD. dreams
解析 A 殷玉珍从失败（failure）中吸取了经验。
9. A. gardenB.frest
C. seedD. crp
解析 B 由"they have planted ver 300，000 trees"可知，她用最好的植物和方法成功地在沙漠里种出了一片森林（frest）。
10. A. frtuneB. hnesty
C. harmnyD. perseverance
解析 D 结合殷玉珍所做的事可知，本题选D，perseverance表示"毅力，不屈不挠的精神"。frtune命运，机会；hnesty诚实，正直；harmny融洽，和睦。
11. A. rganizatinB. truth
C. respectD. methd
解析 C 由常识可知，30多年来靠双手在沙漠中种出一片森林是值得大家尊重（respect）的。
12. A. interestingB. challenging
C. relaxingD. inspiring
解析 D 由上文中讲到的殷玉珍种树的故事可以看出，这样的努力是很激励人心的（inspiring）。interesting有趣的；challenging有挑战性的；relaxing令人放松的，轻松的。
13. A.ActinsB. Chices
C. PrmisesD. Events
解析 A 行动（Actins）可能看起来微不足道，无关紧要，但随着时间的推移，它们结合（jin）在一起，那就是伟大的成就。
14. A. standB.jin
C. getD. put
解析 B 参见上题解析。
15. A. argueB. survive
C. cntinueD. believe
解析 C 此处指的是"继续（cntinue）下去的意志"。
三、语法填空
[生态环保/]In Guatemala， envirnmental wrkers have set up a steel net 1 a dirty river t try t trap plastics and ther pllutants. The tw ends f the net 2 （fix） n the tw sides f the river. The Ocean Cleanup， a nn-prfit grup 3 （base） in the Netherlands， is leading the effrt n the Las Vacas River in Guatemala City. The envirnmental grup uses the 4 （equip） specially made t catch and remve pllutants frm the water，5 aim is t stp the flw f plastics and ther pllutin befre they enter the cean.
The 6 （rain） seasn in Guatemala begins in May and lasts fr several mnths. Levels f pllutin in the river are relatively 7 （high） during the rains. And The Ocean Cleanup is sparing n effrt 8 （blck） much f the pllutin. The net has caught s many pllutants that ne part f it lks bent. The next step in 9 prcess is t clear the pllutants frm the net. The envirnmentalists 10 （test） t find the best way t set up and use the barrier at the mment. "We will cntinue t evaluate variables（变量） such as net height， net size， and fundatin security during this pilt perid in Guatemala，" the grup said.
在危地马拉，环保工作者利用钢丝网截留河流中的污染物。
1.acrss 考查介词。由下文中的"The tw ends f the sides f the river"可知，此处应填acrss（从……的一边到另一边）。
2.are fixed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；fix与主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是复数，谓语动词也应用复数，故填are fixed。
3.based 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处填非谓语动词。base在此为及物动词，意为"把（总部等）设在"，与a nn-prfit grup是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填based。
4.equipment 考查名词。由空前的"uses the"可知，此处应用不可数名词equipment。
5.whse 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作定语，表示所属关系，故填whse。
6.rainy 考查形容词。空处应用形容词作定语，故填rainy。the rainy seasn表示"雨季"。
7.higher 考查形容词的比较级。此处暗含两个时期的比较（雨季与非雨季相比），应用比较级，故填higher。
8.t blck 考查非谓语动词。spare n effrt t d sth.为固定搭配，故填t blck。
9.the 考查冠词。此处特指拦截并清理水中的污染物整个过程，故填定冠词the。
10.are testing 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处表示当前正在进行的主动动作，且主语表示复数意义，故填are testing。