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专题03 航空航天-备战高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题+名校最新真题）
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这是一份专题03 航空航天-备战高考英语阅读理解热点话题分类训练（高考模拟真题+名校最新真题），共21页。
（2022·辽宁丹东·二模）After circling Earth fr six mnths, the three crew members f China’s Shenzhu XIII missin have departed frm the Tiangng space statin and returned t the mther planet n Saturday mrning, finishing the natin’s lngest manned spaceflight.
Zhai Zhigang, wh was the missin cmmander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air fr the first time after the half-year space jurney as grund recvery staff pened the dr f their reentry capsule (返回舱) at 10: 03 am.
Medical service wrkers n the site tld China Central Televisin that the astrnauts are in gd cnditin. Carrying the missin crew, the Shenzhu XIII spacecraft left frm the Tiangng statin at 12: 44 am. In the last hurs f their stay inside the Tiangng, the astrnauts wrked with grund cntrllers t adjust the statin, sending sme experimental data back t Earth and srting ut materials.
The crew has set a new recrd fr China’s lngest spaceflight, almst dubling the previus recrd f 92 days created by their clleagues in the Shenzhu XII missin wh travelled with Tiangng frm mid-June t mid-September last year.
During the Shenzhu XIII missin, the astrnauts carried ut tw spacewalks that ttaled mre than 12 hurs. They tested cmpnents n the statin’s rbtic arm and used it t practice spacewalk. Wang tk part in the first spacewalk n Nv 7, becming the first female Chinese spacewalker.
The crew members als carried ut tw science lectures frm the space statin fr Chinese students. In ne experiment, Wang used a Bing Dwen Dwen ty, the ppular masct (吉祥物) f the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, t display hw bjects fly in weightless envirnment. The space-based lessns marked the start f the Tiangng Class series, China’s first space lecture series that aims t ppularize space science and inspire yungsters t pursue their “science and space dreams”, accrding t the manned space agency.
1．What missin did the crew members accmplish?
A．Living in space fr half a year.
B．Cntrlling the space statin n their wn.
C．Opening the dr f the reentry capsule.
D．Departing frm the planet n Saturday mrning.
2．Which was the achievement f the astrnauts?
A．They cmpleted a 12-hur spacewalk.
B．They cnducted tw science experiments.
C．They became the first Chinese spacewalkers.
D．They checked parts n the statin’s rbtic arm.
3．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Teenagers will be sent int space statin t explre.
B．There will definitely be mre space lectures in the future.
C．“Science and space dreams” will be the tp aim amng teenagers.
D．Astrnauts will use mre Bing Dwen Dwen tys t d experiments.
4．Which is the best title f the text?
A．Inspire Yungsters t Pursue Space Dreams
B．The Missin Cmmander f Tiangng Statin
C．Space-based Lessns Marked the Start f the Tiangng Class
D．Crew Members f the Shenzhu XIII Missin Returned t Earth
（2022·四川·宜宾市教科所三模）SpaceX, a private cmpany, has put 60 Starlink cmmunicatin satellites int rbit, bringing the ttal circling Earth t 180. They will bring internet access t underserved areas f the wrld. But it seems they als mess with telescpes.
When the satellites pass thrugh a telescpe’s field f view, they create bright streaks(条痕) that cut thrugh images f the sky, hiding anything that might be behind them and puring s much light int the telescpe that it causes sme bservatins unusable.
“What surprised everyne - the astrnmy cmmunity and SpaceX - was hw bright the satellites are”, said anxiusly space experts. Actually SpaceX did talk abut the issue elsewhere. The prblem fr astrnmers desn’t end with SpaceX. Blue Origin, One Web and Amazn plan t launch thusands f cmmunicatins satellites in the cming years.
In an effrt t ease astrnmers’ fears, SpaceX is testing ne satellite that is a bit different frm the thers. It was included in the mst recent launch and is partially cated in a dark material t make it less shiny and s less visible in telescpe images. We dn’t have any data yet n whether the cating is wrking as intended.
Once the satellites are in space, there is n backtracking. While cmpanies like SpaceX d need apprval frm regulatry bdies(监察机构) fr each launch, there is n rule that prevents them frm launching an unlimited number f satellites.
“We have t rely n firms such as SpaceX vluntarily cperating with astrnmers t attempt t keep the impacts f their satellite cnstellatins (卫星星座) as lw as pssible.” said space experts.
With mre than 1,500 Starlink satellites scheduled fr launch in the near future, that cperatin will need t be speedy if it is ging t make any difference.
5．Why des SpaceX launch s many cmmunicatin satellites?
A．T expand internet services wrldwide.
B．T make users surf the Internet quickly.
C．T disturb the peratin f telescpes.
D．T further present space research.
6．What are space experts wrried?
A．Satellites are t shiny t be seen.
B．Satellites ccupy the area f telescpes.
C．T many satellites mve in uter space.
D．The nrmal use f the telescpes is affected.
7．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．The number f satellite launches will decrease.
B．Cated satellites can effectively weaken brightness.
C．The regulatins f satellite launching are nt pwerful.
D．SpaceX’s cperatin with astrnmers remains t be seen.
8．What is prbably the best title fr the passage?
A．Trubles Made by Satellites
B．Satellites Threatening Astrnmers
C．SpaceX and Its Future Starlink Plan
D．Cperatin with Astrnmy Cmmunity
（2022·重庆市涪陵高级中学校模拟预测）Space travelers face a number f health risks. Astrnauts have reprted lss f bnes and muscle and sme even have develped immune disrders and heart prblems. A new study finds that energy-prducing new structures in cells might be t blame fr many f these prblems.
A systems bilgist, Afshin Beheshti, wh studies hw different parts f the bdy wrk tgether, als a member f a team f researchers that want t knw hw spaceflight might affect cells and tissues, ntes, “It’s a basic questin.”
The team lked at NASA GeneLab’s cllectin f data frm past space bilgy experiments and studied cells and tissues frm mice and peple and cmpared space travelers with thers that had remained n Earth.
“The idea is nt nly t lk at ne type f chemical,”Beheshti says. Rather, they wanted t “lk at the living system as a whle”. And in ding that, they fund a cmmn theme. After sme time in space, mitchndria, the energy pwerhuses f cells, ften didn’t wrk as well as they shuld.
Thse findings are cnsistent with samples frm NASA’s Twin Study. Befre retiring, astrnaut Sctt Kelly spent nearly a year abard the Internatinal Space Statin. His twin, Mark remained n the grund. Afterward, bld samples frm the tw shwed different mitchndrial activities.
Fr the latest study, Beheshti and his team studied GeneLab data fr many types f cells and tissues. Anther fcus was related t metablism. That prcess includes a mix f chemical activities that supprts life in cells, rgans and the whle bdy.
Damage t mitchndria may be a cmmn factr in spaceflight health risks, the team nw cncludes. Finding similar changes in s many astrnauts indeed pints t sme general effect, agrees Michael Snyder, a systems bilgist at Stanfrd University in Califrnia, wh wrked n Sctt and Mark Kelly’s Twin Study but was nt part f the new analysis. If mitchndria are the cause, dealing with prblems f them culd help prtect future astrnauts. Sme diseases cause mitchndrial defects(线粒体缺陷). Dealing with such diseases in different ways may help reduce astrnauts’ health risks. Future studies culd test if existing drugs prevent mitchndrial prblems in cells, animals and peple n lng deep-space travels.
9．What might cause astrnauts t have health prblems accrding t the new study?
A．Temperature difference.B．Heart cell increase.
C．Cell prblems.D．Tiring wrk.
10．Which methd did Beheshti’s team emply t d the research?
A．They did all kinds f tests n astrnaut Sctt Kelly.
B．They referred t sme previus data.
C．They fllwed sme astrnauts fr many years.
D．They bserved behavirs f astrnauts in persn.
11．What may cntribute t the decrease f astrnauts’ health risks?
A．Treating the diseases which cause mitchndrial defects.
B．Perfrming fewer lng deep-space travels.
C．Letting new structure in cells grw quickly.
D．Making astrnauts eat as healthily as pssible.
12．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．Astrnauts face great danger in the space statin.
B．Space travels are really dangerus t astrnauts’ health.
C．Scientists have fund ways t reduce astrnauts’ health risks.
D．Space travels may harm health by damaging mitchndria.
（2022·河南·南阳中学三模）Humans have been explring the infinite abyss (深渊) beynd Earth’s atmsphere. When astrnauts explre the vast expanse f uter space, they need t wear high-tech spacesuits t prtect them frm the freezing cnditins f the universe.
Hllywd mvies have idealized the icnic suit, its design leading the masses t believe it’s an utfit that can be slipped n within minutes. In fact, the spacesuit which is made up f nearly a half dzen different cmpnents and can have up t 16 layers is its wn fully functining spacecraft that takes hurs t put n and requires help frm ne’s clleagues.
The astrnauts n the Artemis missins, NASA’s next prgram t send the first wman and the first persn f clr t the mn, will wear the latest spacesuit, called the explratin extravehicular mbility unit, als knwn as xEMU, accrding t NASA．
Each spacesuit has a prtable life supprt system, which includes a water tank fr the cling garment and carbn dixide remval system t regulate bdy temperature, remve excess heat and maintain the astrnauts’ health, said Richard Rhdes, the deputy lead fr xEMU pressure garment develpment at NASA．A tw-way radi system is als included s the astrnauts can cmmunicate during the missins.
“When the Apll astrnauts walked n the mn, they culdn’t bend ver and pick up a rck,” said NASA astrnaut Mike Fincke. Frtunately, spacesuits have cme a lng way since then and have a mre flexible structure with glves. The glves are ne f the mst cmplicated parts f the spacesuit, said Cathleen Lewis, curatr f the Smithsnian Institutin’s Natinal Air and Space Museum. “Glves are very difficult t design t be prtective and als allw the manual dexterity (灵巧) that astrnauts need t d meaningful wrk.” she nted.
The spacesuits will als be getting sme upgrades fr the latest lunar missin. Richard Rhdes’s team is wrking n the spacesuit that will allw fr mre mvement t explre the rugh terrain f the mn while still being strng enugh t prtect the wearer.
13．What can we learn abut the spacesuit in Hllywd mvies?
A．It prvides the mst ideal design.B．It functins as a spacecraft f its wn.
C．It can be put n withut t much difficulty.D．It can prtect the astrnauts frm the cld in space.
14．In what aspect des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut the latest spacesuit?
A．Its perating methds.B．Its cmpnent parts.
C．Its existing prblems.D．Its initial aims.
15．Why are the Apll astrnauts mentined in the passage?
A．T cntrast the Apll spacesuit with the latest ne.
B．T give an example f a successful space missin.
C．T demnstrate the failure f the Apll missins.
D．T criticize the incmpetence f the Apll astrnauts.
16．Which f the fllwing best describes NASA’s spacesuit fr the next lunar missin?
A．High-tech but impractical.B．Prtable and mbile.
C．Cstly but well-received.D．Flexible and prtective.
（2022·青海·模拟预测）An experimental cleanup device called RemveDebris has successfully cast a net arund adummy (仿造的) satellite, simulating (模拟) a technique that culd ne day cllect spacebrne garbage.
The test, which was carried ut this week, is widely believed t be the first successful demnstratin f space cleanup technlgy, experts tld CNN. And it signals an early step tward dealing with what is already a key prblem: rubbish in space.
Millins f pieces f junk are turning arund in rbit, the result f 50 years f space travel and few regulatins t keep space clean. At rbital speeds, even a small bit f paint crashing with a satellite can cause serius damage.
Varius cmpanies have plans t send thusands f new satellites int lw-Earth rbit, already the mst crwded area.
The RemveDebris experiment is run by a cmpany and researchers led by the UK’s Surrey Space Centre and includes Airbus, Airbus-wned Surrey Satellite Technlgy Ltd. and France’s Ariane Grup.
Guglielm Aglietti, the directr f Surrey Space Centre, said that an peratinal versin f the RemveDebris technlgy wuld cast ut a net that remains fastened t the main satellite s the debris can be dragged ut f rbit. It culd target large pieces f junk, including dead satellites up t 10meters lng.
The RemveDebris satellite will cnduct a few mre experiments in the cming mnths, including testing navigatin systems that culd help guide the satellite t a specific piece f debris. Jnathan McDwell, an astrphysicist at the Harvard Smithsnian Centre fr Astrphysics, said the success f this week’s experiment was exciting, but he cautined against “ver-publicizing” it. There are still big barriers t clear befre peratinal cleanup tasks will be underway, he said, and the biggest challenge is figuring ut hw t fund such prjects.
Aglietti, the Surrey prfessr wh helped lead the RemveDebris prject, said “the challenge will be t cnvince the relevant authrities t spnsr these tasks”. Aglietti said he hpes RemveDebris will cnduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces f rubbish in the mst crwded rbits. Aglietti is hpeful.
17．What attracts peple t invent RemveDebris?
A．Explring space.B．Testing an rbit.
C．Cleaning satellites.D．Remving waste in space.
18．Hw des the RemveDebris wrk?
A．It thrws a net t take junk frm rbit.B．It fastens junk t the main satellite.
C．It targets large pieces f junk carefully.D．It drags junk up t 10 meters lng.
19．What d we knw abut RemveDebris?
A．It is successful in cleanup tasks.
B．It still needs t be bradcasted widely.
C．It shuld get sme financial help frm authrities.
D．It helps researchers t find a specific junk.
20．What’s the best title f the text?
A．Space Garbage Causes Severe Damage
B．Researchers Advertise Waste Cllecting Satellite
C．Authrities Spnsr RemveDebris Prject
D．Satellite First Time Cllects Waste
（2022·四川省泸县第四中学模拟预测）A satellite is abut t demnstrate a new way f capturing space junk with magnets fr the first time. With the frequency f space launches dramatically increasing in recent years, the ptential fr a disastrus cllisin abve Earth is cntinually grwing. Nw, Japanese rbital clean-up cmpany Astrscale is testing a ptential slutin.
The firm’s End-f-Life Services by Astrscale demnstratin missin is scheduled t lift ff n 20 March abard a Russian Syuz rcket. It cnsists f tw spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, r “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allws the chaser t dck with it.
The tw stacked spacecraft will perfrm three tests nce in rbit, each f which will invlve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. The first test will be the simplest, with the client satellite drifting a shrt distance away and then being recaptured. In the secnd test, the servicer satellite will set the client satellite tumbling befre catching up with it and matching its mtin t grab it.
Finally, if thse tw tests g well, the chaser will live up t its name by letting the client satellite flat a few hundred metres away befre finding it and attaching t it. All f these tests will be perfrmed autnmusly, with little t n human input nce they are set in mtin.
“These kinds f demnstratins have never been dne befre in space - they are very different t, say, an astrnaut cntrlling a rbtic arm n the Internatinal Space Statin,” says Jasn Frshaw at Astrscale UK. “This is mre f an autnmus missin.” At the end f the tests, bth spacecraft will burn up in Earth’s atmsphere.
If cmpanies wanted t use this capability, they wuld have t attach a magnetic plate t their satellites s they culd be captured later. Because f the grwing space garbage prblem, many cuntries nw require firms t have a way t bring back their satellites nce they run ut f fuel r fail, s this culd be a fairly simple likely plan, Frshaw says. Right nw, each chaser can nly nab ne satellite, but Astrscale is wrking n a versin that culd drag three r fur ut f rbit at nce.
21．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “dck with” in Paragraph 2?
A．deal withB．keep up withC．jin tgetherD．crash
22．Why many cuntries nw require firms t have a way t bring back their satellites?
A．Because f the grwing space waste prblem.
B．Because the frequency f space launches are dramatically increasing.
C．Because they can earn large prfits frm it.
D．Because Astrscale has fund a new methd f capturing the space garbage.
23．What will Astrscale d t slve the space junk prblem?
A．An astrnaut cntrls a rbtic arm n the Internatinal Space t capture the “client” satellite
B．Thrugh a magnetic plate remtely cntrlled by humans n the grund t catch the “client” satellite
C．Finding the “client” satellite and attaching t it with a magnetic plate autmatically
D．Tumbling t match the mtin f “client” satellite the drag three r fur satellites ut f its rbit int atmsphere.
24．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．peple will burn the space junk up in Earth’s atmsphere in the future
B．Japan and Russia will cnduct space debris cleanup experiment tgether
C．These kinds f demnstratins have never been dne befre.
D．the demnstratin missin will be divided int three phases
（2022·湖南·长郡中学二模）China’s histric 23-day Chang’e 5 missin has nt nly btained precius rck and sil samples frm the mn, but has als brught back a grup f seeds that traveled the furthest in the natin’s agricultural and frestry histries. Mre than 30 kinds f seeds were placed inside Chang’e 5 spacecraft and rbited arund the mn fr abut 15 days.
Scientists wished t check what wuld happen t the seeds after being expsed t extraterrestrial(地外的)frces in lunar rbit and als hped they culd develp beneficial mutatins (突变). This missin ffered gd pprtunities t scientists, which enabled them t deepen their studies n the effect f csmic rays n the grwth and evlutin f life n Earth.
Space-based mutatin breeding refers t the prcess f expsing seeds t frces such as micr gravity, vacuums and csmic radiatin during a spaceflight and then sending them back t Earth fr further bservatin and planting. Researchers bserve and examine several generatins f plants grwn frm space-bred seeds and investigate their mutatins—sme are psitive and desirable while thers are negative. Thse with psitive mutatins will be kept and analyzed, and will be intrduced t farmers after their certificatin and apprval.
Space breeding can generate mutatins faster and mre cnveniently than grund-based experiments and can bring abut sme desirable traits that are therwise hard t intrduce. Cmpared with natural r cnventinally bred types f plants, space-develped versins with psitive mutatins usually feature higher nutritinal cntent, greater annual yields, shrter grwth perids and better resistance t diseases and insect pests.
China cnducted its first space breeding experiment in 1987. Since then, hundreds f kinds f seeds and seedlings have traveled with dzens f Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped t prduce mre than 200 new types f mutated plants in China that have been apprved fr large-scale cultivatin, ranging frm grains t vegetables and fruits. The Chang’e 5 rbtic missin returned 1,731 grams f lunar rck and sil t Earth, marking a histric accmplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back.
25．Why were the seeds placed inside Chang’e 5?
A．T pick ut the fittest fr mutatins.
B．T understand extraterrestrial frces.
C．T study the intensity f csmic rays.
D．T expse them t a special envirnment.
26．What d we knw abut space-based mutatin breeding?
A．It is nt a time-cnsuming prcess.
B．Mutatins develp in a randm way.
C．It ften brings abut desirable effects.
D．Apprval will be granted t mutated plants.
27．What’s the authr’s attitude tward space breeding?
A．Skeptical.B．Cautius.
C．Objective.D．Appreciative.
28．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Space-bred Seeds Offer Great ChancesB．Chang’e 5 Returns with a Big Package
C．Plant Mutatins Result in a Better LifeD．Seeds frm Space Mark a New Histry
（2022·湖北·荆州中学三模）A Spanish rice dish; secret de cerd with pist—Ibéric Prk with tmates, nins, eggplant, and peppers; and chicken and mushrm paella, will be served abard the Internatinal Space Statin (ISS) thrughut the next week.
That, at least, is what fur f the eleven crew members abard the ISS will be eating, after a SpaceX Falcn 9 rcket lifts ff n April 8,2022 frm Cape Canaveral, Flrida, carrying the Crew Dragn spacecraft. The flight, spnsred by the Hustn-based cmpany Axim Space and knwn as Ax-1, is cmmanded by Axim vice president and frmer astrnaut Michael López-Alegría. Als n bard are three business wners and charitarians: American Larry Cnnr, Canadian Mark Pathy, and Israeli Eytan Stibbe—each f whm paid an estimated $55 millin per seat fr their 20-hur jurney t the statin and the eight days they will spend abard.
Actually, they are nt the first space turists t the ISS—eleven in ttal ver the past tw decades; and all f them were adventurers wh paid t fly abard crewed by prfessinal astrnauts. AX-1 is the first fully private missin t the statin—but nt the last.
In a pre-launch press cnference, Cnnr said, “We’ve spent anywhere frm 750 t ver 1,000 hurs training. We’re ging t d sme 25 different experiments cvering ver 100 hurs f research.” One such experiment will invlve a brain headset that will cnduct real-time electrencephalgrams (EEGs) f the crew as they fly and experiments n in vitr stem cells.
There will als be time fr a mving remembrance. Stibbe, the secnd Israeli t fly in space, nce pilted military jets under the cmmand f Ilan Ramn, the first Israeli astrnaut, wh died in the 2003 disintegratin f the space shuttle Clumbia. Several pages frm Ramn’s diary survived the crash and Stibbe will carry them int the space.
Space is a hard business, a dangerus business, and an expensive business. But it’s als an emtinal ne. “Ramn was a gd friend,” Stibbe added respectfully, “He was my cmmander.”
29．Why des the authr shw the dishes at the beginning?
A．T present the whle menu in the space missin.
B．T attract readers’ interest and intrduce the tpic.
C．T shw the enjyment f the crew members during the flight.
D．T highlight the wealth and scial status f the crew members.
30．What’s the main purpse f the missin?
A．T maintain the ISS.B．T prvide space travel.
C．T help peple settle in space.D．T send Spanish fd t space.
31．Hw des Cnnr think abut the missin befre he flies?
A．Fully-prepared and significant.B．Expensive but wrthwhile.
C．Difficult and dangerus.D．Adventurus and challenging
32．Why des Stibbe want t bring Ramn’s diary int the space?
A．Because he wants t cntinue writing the diary.
B．Because he can use Ramn’s diary as instructins.
C．Because he nce pilted military jets under Ramn’s cmmand.
D．Because he wants t shw respect fr Ramn in this way.
（2022·山东师范大学附中模拟预测）Astrnmers breathed a sigh f relief as the James Webb Space Telescpe(JWST)sprung t life. JWST wuld nt fit int any mdern rcket withut being flded. Hwever, ultimately the telescpe has started returning sme f its first images t thrilled audiences back n Earth.
Yet the experience left many astrnmers wndering if there was a simpler way t launch telescpes f this size. “We were wrried abut the unflding,” says Jhn Blevins f NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. But with a larger rcket, “yu dn’t have t unfld in space. Yu can d it n the grund”.
As chance wuld have it, tw such rckets are currently sitting n launchpads. The first, NASA’s Space Launch System(SLS), is ready and waiting at Kennedy Space Center in Flrida fr its vyage this summer. But a reliance n tried-and-true technlgy culd be its Achilles’ heel: sme estimates currently keep the SLS’s cst at an $4.1 billin per launch. If apprved, thugh, its massive size culd ultimately be a bn fr scientists seeking t send larger, mre ambitius spacecraft and telescpes thrughut the slar system and even beynd.
Over in Texas, Starship, a similarly capable but wildly different rcket being develped by SpaceX, is als in preparatin t launch n its first rbital test flight. Usually, each rcket will be deserted after a single use, its cmpnents degraded t junk n the seaflr r adrift in space. But Starship is instead built fr endurance, landing back n the grund fr rapid reuse, which has already dramatically lwered the expense f reaching space.
As big and bld as the SLS may be, experts say that it pales in cmparisn with what Starship culd achieve. “Starship hlds the prmise f transfrming the slar system in a way we can’t really appreciate,” says Alan Stern. “It cmpletely changes the game.”
33．Why was it necessary t simplify the way t launch JWST?
A．The size f sme rckets was small.B．The launching technlgy was limited.
C．The unflding f JWST was impssible.D．The cst f launching JWKT was cstly.
34．What des the underlined wrd “bn” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Benefit.B．Fantasy.C．Cncern.D．Disaster.
35．What d we knw abut Starship in Paragraph 4?
A．It will be recycled in space.B．It is nt available fr launching.
C．It will be abandned after a single use.D．It has reduced the cst f reaching space.
36．What’s the experts’ attitude twards the future f Starship?
A．Hpeful.B．Wrried.C．Dubtful.D．Satisfied.
参考答案：
1．A2．D3．B4．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Zhai Zhigang, wh was the missin cmmander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air fr the first time after the half-year space jurney as grund recvery staff pened the dr f their reentry capsule at 10: 03 am.(上午10点03分，地面回收人员打开返回舱舱门，任务总指挥翟志刚和王亚平及叶光福在为期半年的太空之旅后首次呼吸到新鲜空气。)”可知，宇航员完成了在太空生活半年的任务。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段的“They tested cmpnents n the statin’s rbtic arm and used it t practice spacewalk.(他们测试了空间站机械臂上的组件，并用它来练习太空行走。)”可知，宇航员的成就是检查了空间站机械臂上的部件。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The space-based lessns marked the start f the Tiangng Class series(天宫课堂标志着天宫课堂系列的开始)”可推断出将来肯定会有更多的太空讲座。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“After circling Earth fr six mnths, the three crew members f China’s Shenzhu XIII missin have departed frm the Tiangng space statin and returned t the mther planet n Saturday mrning, finishing the natin’s lngest manned spaceflight.(在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，因此最好的题目是D选项“Crew Members f the Shenzhu XIII Missin Returned t Earth(神舟十三号载人飞船返回地球)”可知，故选D。
5．A6．D7．D8．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索技术公司发射很多通讯卫星进入轨道，但这也带来了麻烦，即扰乱了望远镜的观测。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“SpaceX, a private cmpany, has put 60 Starlink cmmunicatin satellites int rbit, bringing the ttal circling Earth t 180. They will bring internet access t underserved areas f the wrld.(SpaceX，一家私人公司，已经将60颗星际通讯卫星送入轨道，使得环绕地球的总数达到180颗。他们将把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区。)”可知，太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）发射这么多通讯卫星是为了把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区，即扩展全球互联网服务。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“When the satellites pass thrugh a telescpe’s field f view, they create bright streaks(条痕) that cut thrugh images f the sky, hiding anything that might be behind them and puring s much light int the telescpe that it causes sme bservatins unusable.(当卫星通过望远镜的视场时，它们会产生明亮的条纹，穿过天空的图像，隐藏了任何可能在它们后面的东西，并向望远镜投入了太多的光线，导致一些观测无法使用。)”可知，卫星通过望远镜的视场时，会导致一些观测无法进行，由此可知，太空专家担心的是望远镜的正常使用受到影响，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““We have t rely n firms such as SpaceX vluntarily cperating with astrnmers t attempt t keep the impacts f their satellite cnstellatins (卫星星座) as lw as pssible.” said space experts.(“我们必须依靠太空探索技术公司（Spacex）等公司自愿与天文学家合作，尽可能地降低其卫星星座的影响。”太空专家说。)”和最后一段“With mre than 1,500 Starlink satellites scheduled fr launch in the near future, that cperatin will need t be speedy if it is ging t make any difference.(随着1500多颗星际连接卫星计划在不久的将来发射，如果要有所作为的话，需要加速这种合作。)”可知，太空探索技术公司与与天文学家合作是很有必要的，是需要加速度推进，所以太空探索技术公司与与天文学家合作需拭目以待，故选D。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“SpaceX, a private cmpany, has put 60 Starlink cmmunicatin satellites int rbit, bringing the ttal circling Earth t 180. They will bring internet access t underserved areas f the wrld. But it seems they als mess with telescpes.(太空探索技术公司，一家私人公司，已经将60颗星际通讯卫星送入轨道，使得环绕地球的总数达到180颗。他们将把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区。但它们似乎也会扰乱望远镜。)”可知，文章主要介绍了太空探索技术公司发射很多通讯卫星进入轨道，但这也带来了麻烦，即扰乱了望远镜的观测，所以A项“Trubles Made by Satellites(卫星造成的麻烦)”最适合做文章的标题，故选A。
9．C
10．B
11．A
12．D
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文，介绍了导致宇航员健康问题的原因——太空旅行可能会损害线粒体，从而损害健康。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Space travelers face a number f health risks. Astrnauts have reprted lss f bnes and muscle and smeeven have develped immune disrders and heart prblems. A new study finds that energy-prducing new structures in cells might be t blame fr many f these prblems.”（太空旅行者面临着许多健康风险。据报道，宇航员的骨船和肌肉受损，有些人甚至出现了免疫素乱和心脏问题。一项新的研究发现，细胞中产生能量的新结构可能是这些问题的罪魁祸首。)可知，细胞的问题可能是导致宇航员健康问题的原因。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The team lked at NASA GeneLab’s cllectin f data frm past space bilgy experiments and studied cells and tissues frm mice and peple and cmpared space travelers with thers that had remained n Earth.”(该团队研究了NASA基因实验室从过去的空间生物学实验中收集的数据，研究了老鼠和人类的细胞和组织，并将太空旅行者与留在地球上的其他人进行了比较。)可知，Beheshti团队参考了以前的数据来进行研究。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Damage t mitchndria may be a cmmn factr in spaceflight health risks, the team nw cncludes.”(研究小组得出结论，线粒体损伤可能是太空飞行健康风险的一个常见因素。)及“If mitchndria are the cause, dealing with prblems f them culd help prtect future astrnauts. Sme diseases cause mitchndrial defects.Dealing with such diseases in different ways may help reduce astrnauts’ health risks. Future studies culd test if existing drugs prevent mitchndrial prblems in cells, animals and peple n lng deep-space travels.”（如果线粒体是原因，处理它们的问题可能有助于保护未来的宇航员。有些疾病会导致线粒体缺陷。以不同的方式处理这些疾病可能有助于减少宇航员的健康风险。 未来的研究可以测试现有的药物是否能防止细胞、动物和在外太空长途旅行的人的线粒体问题。）可知，治疗导致线粒体缺陷的疾病可能有助于降低宇航员的健康风险。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new study finds that energy-prducing new structures in cells might be t blame fr many f these prblems.”（ 一项新的研究发现，细胞中产生能量的新结构可能是这些问题的罪魁祸首。）及第四段“After sme time in space, mitchndria, the energy pwerhuses f cells, ften didn’t wrk as well as they shuld.”（在太空中待了一段时间后，线粒体，细胞的能量来源，通常就不能正常工作了。）可知，本文说明了导致宇航员健康问题的原因——太空旅行可能会损害线粒体，从而损害健康。故选D项。
13．C
14．B
15．A
16．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的宇航服设计。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hllywd mvies have idealized the icnic suit, its design leading the masses t believe it’s an utfit that can be slipped n within minutes. (好莱坞电影已经将这套标志性服装理想化，它的设计让大众相信它是一套可以在几分钟内穿上的服装)”可知，穿上好莱坞电影中的宇航服不需要太多困难。故选C。
14．推理判断题。通过文章第四段“includes a water tank fr the cling garment and carbn dixide remval system (包括用于冷却服装的水箱和二氧化碳去除系统)”以及“A tw-way radi system is als included (还包括一个双向无线电系统)”可推知，第4段主要从组成部分谈论最新的宇航服。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“When the Apll astrnauts walked n the mn, they culdn’t bend ver and pick up a rck (当阿波罗号宇航员在月球上行走时，他们不能弯腰捡起石头)”以及“Frtunately, spacesuits have cme a lng way since then and have a mre flexible structure with glves. (幸运的是，从那时起，宇航服已经取得了长足的进步，并且有了更灵活的手套结构)”可推知，文章提到阿波罗宇航员是为了将阿波罗宇航服和最新的宇航服做对比。故选A。
16．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Richard Rhdes’s team is wrking n the spacesuit that will allw fr mre mvement t explre the rugh terrain f the mn while still being strng enugh t prtect the wearer. (Richard Rhdes的团队正在研制一种宇航服，这种宇航服能让宇航员在探索月球崎岖地形时进行更多的运动，同时还能保持足够的强度来保护穿着者)”可推知，NASA下一次登月任务的宇航服是灵活且具有保护性的。故选D。
17．D
18．A
19．C
20．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一种名为RemveDebris的实验性清理设备成功地在人造卫星周围撒下了一张网，模拟了一种将来可以收集太空垃圾的技术。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The test, which was carried ut this week, is widely believed t be the first successful demnstratin f space cleanup technlgy, experts tld CNN.(专家告诉CNN，本周进行的测试被广泛认为是太空清理技术的首次成功示范。)”以及文章第三段“Millins f pieces f junk are turning arund in rbit, the result f 50 years f space travel and few regulatins t keep space clean. At rbital speeds, even a small bit f paint crashing with a satellite can cause serius damage. (数以百万计的垃圾正在轨道上旋转，这是50年来太空旅行的结果，而且几乎没有保持太空清洁的法规。在轨道速度下，即使是很小的油漆与卫星相撞也会造成严重的破坏。)”可知，由于太空中的垃圾过多，所以人们有了发明RemveDebris来清理太空垃圾的想法。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Guglielm Aglietti, the directr f Surrey Space Centre, said that an peratinal versin f the RemveDebris technlgy wuld cast ut a net that remains fastened t the main satellite s the debris can be dragged ut f rbit.(萨里太空中心主任Guglielm Aglietti说，RemveDebris技术的一个操作版本将会在主卫星上撒下一张网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。)”可知，这项技术是通过在主卫星上撒网将碎片拖出轨道的方式运行的。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“There are still big barriers t clear befre peratinal cleanup tasks will be underway, he said, and the biggest challenge is figuring ut hw t fund such prjects. (他说，在开展行动清理工作之前，仍有许多重大障碍需要清除，最大的挑战是弄清楚如何为此类项目提供资金。)”可知，该项目需要有人资助才可以继续进行。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“An experimental cleanup device called RemveDebris has successfully cast a net arund adummy (仿造的) satellite, simulating (模拟) a technique that culd ne day cllect spacebrne garbage.(一种名为RemveDebris的实验性清理设备成功地在人造卫星周围撒下了一张网，模拟了一种将来可以收集太空垃圾的技术。)”以及第二段“The test, which was carried ut this week, is widely believed t be the first successful demnstratin f space cleanup technlgy, experts tld CNN. And it signals an early step tward dealing with what is already a key prblem: rubbish in space. (专家告诉CNN，本周进行的测试被广泛认为是太空清理技术的首次成功示范。这标志着我们在解决太空垃圾这个已经成为关键问题的问题上迈出了早期的一步。)”可知，文章主要介绍了如何成功发明了一个名为RemveDebris的卫星，用来清理太空垃圾，并详述了其工作原理和工作过程。所以“Satellite First Time Cllects Waste(卫星第一次收集垃圾)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
21．C
22．A
23．C
24．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。随着近年来空间发射频率的急剧增加，地球上空发生灾难性碰撞的可能性不断增大。现在，日本轨道清理公司Astrscale正在测试一种解决方案，以期应对日益严重的太空垃圾问题。
21．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“It cnsists f tw spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, r “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (它由两个航天器组成:一个较小的“客户”卫星和一个较大的“服务”卫星，或称“追逐者”卫星。较小的卫星装有磁板)”可知，这颗较小的卫星装有一块磁板，可以让“追逐者”与它对接由此可知划线部分“dck with”与“jin tgether”的意思相近，表示“连接在一起”的意思。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Because f the grwing space garbage prblem, many cuntries nw require firms t have a way t bring back their satellites nce they run ut f fuel r fail, s this culd be a fairly simple likely plan, Frshaw says. (Frshaw说，由于日益严重的太空垃圾问题，许多国家现在要求公司在卫星燃料耗尽或出现故障时有办法将其带回，因此这可能是一个相当简单的可行计划)”可知，因为日益严重的太空垃圾问题，许多国家现在要求公司带回他们的卫星。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段后两句“It cnsists f tw spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, r “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allws the chaser t dck with it. (它由两个航天器组成：一个小型的“客户”卫星和一个较大的“服务”卫星，或称“追逐者”。较小的卫星配备了使追踪器与之对接的板磁力板)”及第三段第一句“The tw stacked spacecraft will perfrm three tests nce in rbit, each f which will invlve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. (两个堆叠的航天器将在轨道上进行三次试验，每一次试验都将涉及释放服务卫星，然后重新捕获客户卫星)”，以及第四段最后一句“All f these tests will be perfrmed autnmusly, with little t n human input nce they are set in mtin. (所有这些测试都将自动执行，一旦启动，几乎不需要人工输入)”可知，Astrscale公司会通过服务卫星找到客户卫星，服务卫星通过客户卫星上的磁力板连接上客户卫星，进而捕获客户卫星，整个过程都是自动执行的。通过这样的过程，就可以捕获太空中的垃圾。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The tw stacked spacecraft will perfrm three tests nce in rbit, each f which will invlve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. (两个堆叠的航天器将在轨道上进行三次试验，每一次试验都将涉及服务卫星释放，然后重新捕获客户卫星 )”可知，这个示范任务将会进行三个不同的测试，可以推断出这个任务会被分成三个不同阶段。故选D。
25．D
26．B
27．D
28．A
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫦娥五号太空育种任务及其种子优势为地面种植带来的机会。
25．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists wished t check what wuld happen t the seeds after being expsed t extraterrestrial frces in lunar rbit and als hped they culd develp beneficial mutatins.”（科学家希望检查种子在月球轨道上暴露在地外力量后会发生什么，也希望它们能产生有益的突变。）可知，科学家们将种子放置于嫦娥五号中，是为了让种子处于一个特殊的环境，并观察对其产生的影响。故选D项。
26．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Researchers bserve and examine several generatins f plants grwn frm space-bred seeds and investigate their mutatins — sme are psitive and desirable while thers are negative.”（研究人员观察和检查了几代从太空培育的种子中生长出来的植物，并调查它们的突变——有些是积极的和令人满意的，而另一些则是消极的。）可推知，有些突变是有益的、可取的，而另一些则是有害的，由此可见，太空育种突变是随机的。故选B项。
27．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Space breeding can generate mutatins faster and mre cnveniently than grund-based experiments and can bring abut sme desirable traits that are therwise hard t intrduce. Cmpared with natural r cnventinally bred types f plants, space-develped versins with psitive mutatins usually feature higher nutritinal cntent, greater annual yields, shrter grwth perids and better resistance t diseases and insect pests.”（与地面实验相比，太空育种可以更快更方便地产生突变，并能带来一些本来很难引入的理想性状。与自然或常规培育的植物类型相比，具有正突变的空间发育版本通常具有更高的营养含量、更高的年产量、更短的生长期和更好的抗病虫害能力。）可推知，作者对太空育种持赞赏的态度。故选D项。
28．
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Space breeding can generate mutatins faster and mre cnveniently than grund-based experiments and can bring abut sme desirable traits that are therwise hard t intrduce.”（与地面实验相比，太空育种可以更快更方便地产生突变，并能带来一些本来很难引入的理想性状。）及第五段“Space breeding has helped t prduce mre than 200 new types f mutated plants in China that have been apprved fr large-scale cultivatin, ranging frm grains t vegetables and fruits.”（太空育种已经帮助中国产生了200多种新的突变植物，这些植物已被批准进行大规模种植，从谷物到蔬菜和水果。）及全文内容可知，本文介绍了嫦娥五号太空育种任务及其优势为地面种植带来的机会。A选项“Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances”（太空培育的种子提供了很好的机会）适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
29．B
30．B
31．A
32．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是4月8号名为AX-1从美国佛罗里达州发射，通往国际空间站的首次“全私人”形式的太空旅行飞行任务。
29．
推理判断题。结合第一段的“A Spanish rice dish; secret de cerd with pist—Ibéric Prk with tmates, nins, eggplant, and peppers; and chicken and mushrm paella, will be served abard the Internatinal Space Statin (ISS) thrughut the next week.(西班牙菜:一种西班牙米饭；pist-Ibéric猪肉配番茄、洋葱、茄子和辣椒；以及鸡肉蘑菇海鲜饭，将于下周在国际空间站提供。)”和第二段的“That, at least, is what fur f the eleven crew members abard the ISS will be eating, after a SpaceX Falcn 9 rcket lifts ff n April 8,2022 frm Cape Canaveral, Flrida, carrying the Crew Dragn spacecraft.(在太空探索技术公司的猎鹰9号火箭于2022年4月8日携带Crew Dragn飞船从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角发射升空后，国际空间站上的11名宇航员中至少有4人将吃到这种食物。)”，作者介绍这些食物的目的就是为了引出这一特殊太空旅行的话题，吸引读者。故选B。
30．
推理判断题。结合第二段的“Als n bard are three business wners and charitarians: American Larry Cnnr, Canadian Mark Pathy, and Israeli Eytan Stibbe—each f whm wh paid an estimated $55 millin per seat fr their 20-hur jurney t the statin and the eight days they will spend abard.(飞机上还有三名企业主和慈善家:美国人Larry Cnnr、加拿大人Mark Pathy和以色列人Eytan stibbe，他们每个人都为每个座位支付了大约5500万美元，为他们20个小时的旅程和他们将在空间站度过的8天支付了费用。)”和第三段的“Actually, they are nt the first space turists t the ISS—eleven in ttal ver the past tw decades(事实上，他们并不是过去20年里第一批前往ISS -11的太空游客)”，可判断这次任务的主要目的是提供太空旅行。故选B。
31．
推理判断题。根据第4段“We’ve spent anywhere frm 750 t ver 1,000 hurs training. We’re ging t d sme 25 different experiments cvering ver 100 hurs f research.(我们的训练时间从750小时到1000小时不等。我们将做25个不同的实验，涉及100多个小时的研究。)”可知，“Cnnr”认为这次飞行做好了充分准备，并具备研究意义。故选A。
32．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Ramn, the first Israeli astrnaut, wh died in the 2003 disintegratin f the space shuttle Clumbia. Several pages frm Ramn’s diary survived the crash and Stibbe will carry them int the space.(他是第一位以色列宇航员，2003年死于哥伦比亚号航天飞机的解体。雷蒙的几页日记在坠机中幸存下来，斯蒂贝将带着它们进入太空。)”可知，Stibbe想斯蒂贝想把雷蒙的日记带进太空来表达对雷蒙的尊重。故选D。
33．A
34．A
35．D
36．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜启动的方式得到了简化，更有利于火箭装载。介绍了两枚火箭的情况和各自的优势。
33．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Astrnmers breathed a sigh f relief as the James Webb Space Telescpe(JWST)sprung t life. JWST wuld nt fit int any mdern rcket withut being flded. (当詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）重新启动时，天文学家们松了一口气。如果不折叠起来，JWST将无法装进任何现代火箭)”可知，有必要简化启动JWST的方式是因为一些火箭的尺寸很小。故选A。
34．
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“If apprved, thugh, its massive size culd ultimately be a”以及后文“fr scientists seeking t send larger, mre ambitius spacecraft and telescpes thrughut the slar system and even beynd”可知，科学家们希望向整个太阳系甚至更远的地方发射更大、更有野心的宇宙飞船和望远镜，所以如果获得批准，它巨大的尺寸最终可能会对科学家有好处，故画线词意思是“好处”。故选A。
35．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“But Starship is instead built fr endurance, landing back n the grund fr rapid reuse, which has already dramatically lwered the expense f reaching space.(但“星际飞船”是为续航能力而建造的，它会返回地面进行快速再利用，这已经大大降低了进入太空的成本)”可知，星际飞船降低了进入太空的成本。故选D。
36．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As big and bld as the SLS may be, experts say that it pales in cmparisn with what Starship culd achieve. “Starship hlds the prmise f transfrming the slar system in a way we can’t really appreciate,” says Alan Stern. “It cmpletely changes the game.”(尽管SLS可能是巨大而大胆的，但专家们表示，与星际飞船所能实现的成就相比，它就相形见绌了。艾伦·斯特恩说：“星际飞船有希望以一种我们无法真正欣赏的方式改变太阳系。它完全改变了游戏规则。”)”可知，专家对星际飞船的未来充满希望。故选A。
（2022·辽宁丹东·二模）After circling Earth fr six mnths, the three crew members f China’s Shenzhu XIII missin have departed frm the Tiangng space statin and returned t the mther planet n Saturday mrning, finishing the natin’s lngest manned spaceflight.
Zhai Zhigang, wh was the missin cmmander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air fr the first time after the half-year space jurney as grund recvery staff pened the dr f their reentry capsule (返回舱) at 10: 03 am.
Medical service wrkers n the site tld China Central Televisin that the astrnauts are in gd cnditin. Carrying the missin crew, the Shenzhu XIII spacecraft left frm the Tiangng statin at 12: 44 am. In the last hurs f their stay inside the Tiangng, the astrnauts wrked with grund cntrllers t adjust the statin, sending sme experimental data back t Earth and srting ut materials.
The crew has set a new recrd fr China’s lngest spaceflight, almst dubling the previus recrd f 92 days created by their clleagues in the Shenzhu XII missin wh travelled with Tiangng frm mid-June t mid-September last year.
During the Shenzhu XIII missin, the astrnauts carried ut tw spacewalks that ttaled mre than 12 hurs. They tested cmpnents n the statin’s rbtic arm and used it t practice spacewalk. Wang tk part in the first spacewalk n Nv 7, becming the first female Chinese spacewalker.
The crew members als carried ut tw science lectures frm the space statin fr Chinese students. In ne experiment, Wang used a Bing Dwen Dwen ty, the ppular masct (吉祥物) f the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games, t display hw bjects fly in weightless envirnment. The space-based lessns marked the start f the Tiangng Class series, China’s first space lecture series that aims t ppularize space science and inspire yungsters t pursue their “science and space dreams”, accrding t the manned space agency.
1．What missin did the crew members accmplish?
A．Living in space fr half a year.
B．Cntrlling the space statin n their wn.
C．Opening the dr f the reentry capsule.
D．Departing frm the planet n Saturday mrning.
2．Which was the achievement f the astrnauts?
A．They cmpleted a 12-hur spacewalk.
B．They cnducted tw science experiments.
C．They became the first Chinese spacewalkers.
D．They checked parts n the statin’s rbtic arm.
3．What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A．Teenagers will be sent int space statin t explre.
B．There will definitely be mre space lectures in the future.
C．“Science and space dreams” will be the tp aim amng teenagers.
D．Astrnauts will use mre Bing Dwen Dwen tys t d experiments.
4．Which is the best title f the text?
A．Inspire Yungsters t Pursue Space Dreams
B．The Missin Cmmander f Tiangng Statin
C．Space-based Lessns Marked the Start f the Tiangng Class
D．Crew Members f the Shenzhu XIII Missin Returned t Earth
（2022·四川·宜宾市教科所三模）SpaceX, a private cmpany, has put 60 Starlink cmmunicatin satellites int rbit, bringing the ttal circling Earth t 180. They will bring internet access t underserved areas f the wrld. But it seems they als mess with telescpes.
When the satellites pass thrugh a telescpe’s field f view, they create bright streaks(条痕) that cut thrugh images f the sky, hiding anything that might be behind them and puring s much light int the telescpe that it causes sme bservatins unusable.
“What surprised everyne - the astrnmy cmmunity and SpaceX - was hw bright the satellites are”, said anxiusly space experts. Actually SpaceX did talk abut the issue elsewhere. The prblem fr astrnmers desn’t end with SpaceX. Blue Origin, One Web and Amazn plan t launch thusands f cmmunicatins satellites in the cming years.
In an effrt t ease astrnmers’ fears, SpaceX is testing ne satellite that is a bit different frm the thers. It was included in the mst recent launch and is partially cated in a dark material t make it less shiny and s less visible in telescpe images. We dn’t have any data yet n whether the cating is wrking as intended.
Once the satellites are in space, there is n backtracking. While cmpanies like SpaceX d need apprval frm regulatry bdies(监察机构) fr each launch, there is n rule that prevents them frm launching an unlimited number f satellites.
“We have t rely n firms such as SpaceX vluntarily cperating with astrnmers t attempt t keep the impacts f their satellite cnstellatins (卫星星座) as lw as pssible.” said space experts.
With mre than 1,500 Starlink satellites scheduled fr launch in the near future, that cperatin will need t be speedy if it is ging t make any difference.
5．Why des SpaceX launch s many cmmunicatin satellites?
A．T expand internet services wrldwide.
B．T make users surf the Internet quickly.
C．T disturb the peratin f telescpes.
D．T further present space research.
6．What are space experts wrried?
A．Satellites are t shiny t be seen.
B．Satellites ccupy the area f telescpes.
C．T many satellites mve in uter space.
D．The nrmal use f the telescpes is affected.
7．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．The number f satellite launches will decrease.
B．Cated satellites can effectively weaken brightness.
C．The regulatins f satellite launching are nt pwerful.
D．SpaceX’s cperatin with astrnmers remains t be seen.
8．What is prbably the best title fr the passage?
A．Trubles Made by Satellites
B．Satellites Threatening Astrnmers
C．SpaceX and Its Future Starlink Plan
D．Cperatin with Astrnmy Cmmunity
（2022·重庆市涪陵高级中学校模拟预测）Space travelers face a number f health risks. Astrnauts have reprted lss f bnes and muscle and sme even have develped immune disrders and heart prblems. A new study finds that energy-prducing new structures in cells might be t blame fr many f these prblems.
A systems bilgist, Afshin Beheshti, wh studies hw different parts f the bdy wrk tgether, als a member f a team f researchers that want t knw hw spaceflight might affect cells and tissues, ntes, “It’s a basic questin.”
The team lked at NASA GeneLab’s cllectin f data frm past space bilgy experiments and studied cells and tissues frm mice and peple and cmpared space travelers with thers that had remained n Earth.
“The idea is nt nly t lk at ne type f chemical,”Beheshti says. Rather, they wanted t “lk at the living system as a whle”. And in ding that, they fund a cmmn theme. After sme time in space, mitchndria, the energy pwerhuses f cells, ften didn’t wrk as well as they shuld.
Thse findings are cnsistent with samples frm NASA’s Twin Study. Befre retiring, astrnaut Sctt Kelly spent nearly a year abard the Internatinal Space Statin. His twin, Mark remained n the grund. Afterward, bld samples frm the tw shwed different mitchndrial activities.
Fr the latest study, Beheshti and his team studied GeneLab data fr many types f cells and tissues. Anther fcus was related t metablism. That prcess includes a mix f chemical activities that supprts life in cells, rgans and the whle bdy.
Damage t mitchndria may be a cmmn factr in spaceflight health risks, the team nw cncludes. Finding similar changes in s many astrnauts indeed pints t sme general effect, agrees Michael Snyder, a systems bilgist at Stanfrd University in Califrnia, wh wrked n Sctt and Mark Kelly’s Twin Study but was nt part f the new analysis. If mitchndria are the cause, dealing with prblems f them culd help prtect future astrnauts. Sme diseases cause mitchndrial defects(线粒体缺陷). Dealing with such diseases in different ways may help reduce astrnauts’ health risks. Future studies culd test if existing drugs prevent mitchndrial prblems in cells, animals and peple n lng deep-space travels.
9．What might cause astrnauts t have health prblems accrding t the new study?
A．Temperature difference.B．Heart cell increase.
C．Cell prblems.D．Tiring wrk.
10．Which methd did Beheshti’s team emply t d the research?
A．They did all kinds f tests n astrnaut Sctt Kelly.
B．They referred t sme previus data.
C．They fllwed sme astrnauts fr many years.
D．They bserved behavirs f astrnauts in persn.
11．What may cntribute t the decrease f astrnauts’ health risks?
A．Treating the diseases which cause mitchndrial defects.
B．Perfrming fewer lng deep-space travels.
C．Letting new structure in cells grw quickly.
D．Making astrnauts eat as healthily as pssible.
12．What’s the main idea f the text?
A．Astrnauts face great danger in the space statin.
B．Space travels are really dangerus t astrnauts’ health.
C．Scientists have fund ways t reduce astrnauts’ health risks.
D．Space travels may harm health by damaging mitchndria.
（2022·河南·南阳中学三模）Humans have been explring the infinite abyss (深渊) beynd Earth’s atmsphere. When astrnauts explre the vast expanse f uter space, they need t wear high-tech spacesuits t prtect them frm the freezing cnditins f the universe.
Hllywd mvies have idealized the icnic suit, its design leading the masses t believe it’s an utfit that can be slipped n within minutes. In fact, the spacesuit which is made up f nearly a half dzen different cmpnents and can have up t 16 layers is its wn fully functining spacecraft that takes hurs t put n and requires help frm ne’s clleagues.
The astrnauts n the Artemis missins, NASA’s next prgram t send the first wman and the first persn f clr t the mn, will wear the latest spacesuit, called the explratin extravehicular mbility unit, als knwn as xEMU, accrding t NASA．
Each spacesuit has a prtable life supprt system, which includes a water tank fr the cling garment and carbn dixide remval system t regulate bdy temperature, remve excess heat and maintain the astrnauts’ health, said Richard Rhdes, the deputy lead fr xEMU pressure garment develpment at NASA．A tw-way radi system is als included s the astrnauts can cmmunicate during the missins.
“When the Apll astrnauts walked n the mn, they culdn’t bend ver and pick up a rck,” said NASA astrnaut Mike Fincke. Frtunately, spacesuits have cme a lng way since then and have a mre flexible structure with glves. The glves are ne f the mst cmplicated parts f the spacesuit, said Cathleen Lewis, curatr f the Smithsnian Institutin’s Natinal Air and Space Museum. “Glves are very difficult t design t be prtective and als allw the manual dexterity (灵巧) that astrnauts need t d meaningful wrk.” she nted.
The spacesuits will als be getting sme upgrades fr the latest lunar missin. Richard Rhdes’s team is wrking n the spacesuit that will allw fr mre mvement t explre the rugh terrain f the mn while still being strng enugh t prtect the wearer.
13．What can we learn abut the spacesuit in Hllywd mvies?
A．It prvides the mst ideal design.B．It functins as a spacecraft f its wn.
C．It can be put n withut t much difficulty.D．It can prtect the astrnauts frm the cld in space.
14．In what aspect des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut the latest spacesuit?
A．Its perating methds.B．Its cmpnent parts.
C．Its existing prblems.D．Its initial aims.
15．Why are the Apll astrnauts mentined in the passage?
A．T cntrast the Apll spacesuit with the latest ne.
B．T give an example f a successful space missin.
C．T demnstrate the failure f the Apll missins.
D．T criticize the incmpetence f the Apll astrnauts.
16．Which f the fllwing best describes NASA’s spacesuit fr the next lunar missin?
A．High-tech but impractical.B．Prtable and mbile.
C．Cstly but well-received.D．Flexible and prtective.
（2022·青海·模拟预测）An experimental cleanup device called RemveDebris has successfully cast a net arund adummy (仿造的) satellite, simulating (模拟) a technique that culd ne day cllect spacebrne garbage.
The test, which was carried ut this week, is widely believed t be the first successful demnstratin f space cleanup technlgy, experts tld CNN. And it signals an early step tward dealing with what is already a key prblem: rubbish in space.
Millins f pieces f junk are turning arund in rbit, the result f 50 years f space travel and few regulatins t keep space clean. At rbital speeds, even a small bit f paint crashing with a satellite can cause serius damage.
Varius cmpanies have plans t send thusands f new satellites int lw-Earth rbit, already the mst crwded area.
The RemveDebris experiment is run by a cmpany and researchers led by the UK’s Surrey Space Centre and includes Airbus, Airbus-wned Surrey Satellite Technlgy Ltd. and France’s Ariane Grup.
Guglielm Aglietti, the directr f Surrey Space Centre, said that an peratinal versin f the RemveDebris technlgy wuld cast ut a net that remains fastened t the main satellite s the debris can be dragged ut f rbit. It culd target large pieces f junk, including dead satellites up t 10meters lng.
The RemveDebris satellite will cnduct a few mre experiments in the cming mnths, including testing navigatin systems that culd help guide the satellite t a specific piece f debris. Jnathan McDwell, an astrphysicist at the Harvard Smithsnian Centre fr Astrphysics, said the success f this week’s experiment was exciting, but he cautined against “ver-publicizing” it. There are still big barriers t clear befre peratinal cleanup tasks will be underway, he said, and the biggest challenge is figuring ut hw t fund such prjects.
Aglietti, the Surrey prfessr wh helped lead the RemveDebris prject, said “the challenge will be t cnvince the relevant authrities t spnsr these tasks”. Aglietti said he hpes RemveDebris will cnduct a few cleanup tasks per year, targeting the largest pieces f rubbish in the mst crwded rbits. Aglietti is hpeful.
17．What attracts peple t invent RemveDebris?
A．Explring space.B．Testing an rbit.
C．Cleaning satellites.D．Remving waste in space.
18．Hw des the RemveDebris wrk?
A．It thrws a net t take junk frm rbit.B．It fastens junk t the main satellite.
C．It targets large pieces f junk carefully.D．It drags junk up t 10 meters lng.
19．What d we knw abut RemveDebris?
A．It is successful in cleanup tasks.
B．It still needs t be bradcasted widely.
C．It shuld get sme financial help frm authrities.
D．It helps researchers t find a specific junk.
20．What’s the best title f the text?
A．Space Garbage Causes Severe Damage
B．Researchers Advertise Waste Cllecting Satellite
C．Authrities Spnsr RemveDebris Prject
D．Satellite First Time Cllects Waste
（2022·四川省泸县第四中学模拟预测）A satellite is abut t demnstrate a new way f capturing space junk with magnets fr the first time. With the frequency f space launches dramatically increasing in recent years, the ptential fr a disastrus cllisin abve Earth is cntinually grwing. Nw, Japanese rbital clean-up cmpany Astrscale is testing a ptential slutin.
The firm’s End-f-Life Services by Astrscale demnstratin missin is scheduled t lift ff n 20 March abard a Russian Syuz rcket. It cnsists f tw spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, r “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allws the chaser t dck with it.
The tw stacked spacecraft will perfrm three tests nce in rbit, each f which will invlve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. The first test will be the simplest, with the client satellite drifting a shrt distance away and then being recaptured. In the secnd test, the servicer satellite will set the client satellite tumbling befre catching up with it and matching its mtin t grab it.
Finally, if thse tw tests g well, the chaser will live up t its name by letting the client satellite flat a few hundred metres away befre finding it and attaching t it. All f these tests will be perfrmed autnmusly, with little t n human input nce they are set in mtin.
“These kinds f demnstratins have never been dne befre in space - they are very different t, say, an astrnaut cntrlling a rbtic arm n the Internatinal Space Statin,” says Jasn Frshaw at Astrscale UK. “This is mre f an autnmus missin.” At the end f the tests, bth spacecraft will burn up in Earth’s atmsphere.
If cmpanies wanted t use this capability, they wuld have t attach a magnetic plate t their satellites s they culd be captured later. Because f the grwing space garbage prblem, many cuntries nw require firms t have a way t bring back their satellites nce they run ut f fuel r fail, s this culd be a fairly simple likely plan, Frshaw says. Right nw, each chaser can nly nab ne satellite, but Astrscale is wrking n a versin that culd drag three r fur ut f rbit at nce.
21．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “dck with” in Paragraph 2?
A．deal withB．keep up withC．jin tgetherD．crash
22．Why many cuntries nw require firms t have a way t bring back their satellites?
A．Because f the grwing space waste prblem.
B．Because the frequency f space launches are dramatically increasing.
C．Because they can earn large prfits frm it.
D．Because Astrscale has fund a new methd f capturing the space garbage.
23．What will Astrscale d t slve the space junk prblem?
A．An astrnaut cntrls a rbtic arm n the Internatinal Space t capture the “client” satellite
B．Thrugh a magnetic plate remtely cntrlled by humans n the grund t catch the “client” satellite
C．Finding the “client” satellite and attaching t it with a magnetic plate autmatically
D．Tumbling t match the mtin f “client” satellite the drag three r fur satellites ut f its rbit int atmsphere.
24．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．peple will burn the space junk up in Earth’s atmsphere in the future
B．Japan and Russia will cnduct space debris cleanup experiment tgether
C．These kinds f demnstratins have never been dne befre.
D．the demnstratin missin will be divided int three phases
（2022·湖南·长郡中学二模）China’s histric 23-day Chang’e 5 missin has nt nly btained precius rck and sil samples frm the mn, but has als brught back a grup f seeds that traveled the furthest in the natin’s agricultural and frestry histries. Mre than 30 kinds f seeds were placed inside Chang’e 5 spacecraft and rbited arund the mn fr abut 15 days.
Scientists wished t check what wuld happen t the seeds after being expsed t extraterrestrial(地外的)frces in lunar rbit and als hped they culd develp beneficial mutatins (突变). This missin ffered gd pprtunities t scientists, which enabled them t deepen their studies n the effect f csmic rays n the grwth and evlutin f life n Earth.
Space-based mutatin breeding refers t the prcess f expsing seeds t frces such as micr gravity, vacuums and csmic radiatin during a spaceflight and then sending them back t Earth fr further bservatin and planting. Researchers bserve and examine several generatins f plants grwn frm space-bred seeds and investigate their mutatins—sme are psitive and desirable while thers are negative. Thse with psitive mutatins will be kept and analyzed, and will be intrduced t farmers after their certificatin and apprval.
Space breeding can generate mutatins faster and mre cnveniently than grund-based experiments and can bring abut sme desirable traits that are therwise hard t intrduce. Cmpared with natural r cnventinally bred types f plants, space-develped versins with psitive mutatins usually feature higher nutritinal cntent, greater annual yields, shrter grwth perids and better resistance t diseases and insect pests.
China cnducted its first space breeding experiment in 1987. Since then, hundreds f kinds f seeds and seedlings have traveled with dzens f Chinese spaceships. Space breeding has helped t prduce mre than 200 new types f mutated plants in China that have been apprved fr large-scale cultivatin, ranging frm grains t vegetables and fruits. The Chang’e 5 rbtic missin returned 1,731 grams f lunar rck and sil t Earth, marking a histric accmplishment 44 years after the last lunar substances were taken back.
25．Why were the seeds placed inside Chang’e 5?
A．T pick ut the fittest fr mutatins.
B．T understand extraterrestrial frces.
C．T study the intensity f csmic rays.
D．T expse them t a special envirnment.
26．What d we knw abut space-based mutatin breeding?
A．It is nt a time-cnsuming prcess.
B．Mutatins develp in a randm way.
C．It ften brings abut desirable effects.
D．Apprval will be granted t mutated plants.
27．What’s the authr’s attitude tward space breeding?
A．Skeptical.B．Cautius.
C．Objective.D．Appreciative.
28．What is the best title f the passage?
A．Space-bred Seeds Offer Great ChancesB．Chang’e 5 Returns with a Big Package
C．Plant Mutatins Result in a Better LifeD．Seeds frm Space Mark a New Histry
（2022·湖北·荆州中学三模）A Spanish rice dish; secret de cerd with pist—Ibéric Prk with tmates, nins, eggplant, and peppers; and chicken and mushrm paella, will be served abard the Internatinal Space Statin (ISS) thrughut the next week.
That, at least, is what fur f the eleven crew members abard the ISS will be eating, after a SpaceX Falcn 9 rcket lifts ff n April 8,2022 frm Cape Canaveral, Flrida, carrying the Crew Dragn spacecraft. The flight, spnsred by the Hustn-based cmpany Axim Space and knwn as Ax-1, is cmmanded by Axim vice president and frmer astrnaut Michael López-Alegría. Als n bard are three business wners and charitarians: American Larry Cnnr, Canadian Mark Pathy, and Israeli Eytan Stibbe—each f whm paid an estimated $55 millin per seat fr their 20-hur jurney t the statin and the eight days they will spend abard.
Actually, they are nt the first space turists t the ISS—eleven in ttal ver the past tw decades; and all f them were adventurers wh paid t fly abard crewed by prfessinal astrnauts. AX-1 is the first fully private missin t the statin—but nt the last.
In a pre-launch press cnference, Cnnr said, “We’ve spent anywhere frm 750 t ver 1,000 hurs training. We’re ging t d sme 25 different experiments cvering ver 100 hurs f research.” One such experiment will invlve a brain headset that will cnduct real-time electrencephalgrams (EEGs) f the crew as they fly and experiments n in vitr stem cells.
There will als be time fr a mving remembrance. Stibbe, the secnd Israeli t fly in space, nce pilted military jets under the cmmand f Ilan Ramn, the first Israeli astrnaut, wh died in the 2003 disintegratin f the space shuttle Clumbia. Several pages frm Ramn’s diary survived the crash and Stibbe will carry them int the space.
Space is a hard business, a dangerus business, and an expensive business. But it’s als an emtinal ne. “Ramn was a gd friend,” Stibbe added respectfully, “He was my cmmander.”
29．Why des the authr shw the dishes at the beginning?
A．T present the whle menu in the space missin.
B．T attract readers’ interest and intrduce the tpic.
C．T shw the enjyment f the crew members during the flight.
D．T highlight the wealth and scial status f the crew members.
30．What’s the main purpse f the missin?
A．T maintain the ISS.B．T prvide space travel.
C．T help peple settle in space.D．T send Spanish fd t space.
31．Hw des Cnnr think abut the missin befre he flies?
A．Fully-prepared and significant.B．Expensive but wrthwhile.
C．Difficult and dangerus.D．Adventurus and challenging
32．Why des Stibbe want t bring Ramn’s diary int the space?
A．Because he wants t cntinue writing the diary.
B．Because he can use Ramn’s diary as instructins.
C．Because he nce pilted military jets under Ramn’s cmmand.
D．Because he wants t shw respect fr Ramn in this way.
（2022·山东师范大学附中模拟预测）Astrnmers breathed a sigh f relief as the James Webb Space Telescpe(JWST)sprung t life. JWST wuld nt fit int any mdern rcket withut being flded. Hwever, ultimately the telescpe has started returning sme f its first images t thrilled audiences back n Earth.
Yet the experience left many astrnmers wndering if there was a simpler way t launch telescpes f this size. “We were wrried abut the unflding,” says Jhn Blevins f NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. But with a larger rcket, “yu dn’t have t unfld in space. Yu can d it n the grund”.
As chance wuld have it, tw such rckets are currently sitting n launchpads. The first, NASA’s Space Launch System(SLS), is ready and waiting at Kennedy Space Center in Flrida fr its vyage this summer. But a reliance n tried-and-true technlgy culd be its Achilles’ heel: sme estimates currently keep the SLS’s cst at an $4.1 billin per launch. If apprved, thugh, its massive size culd ultimately be a bn fr scientists seeking t send larger, mre ambitius spacecraft and telescpes thrughut the slar system and even beynd.
Over in Texas, Starship, a similarly capable but wildly different rcket being develped by SpaceX, is als in preparatin t launch n its first rbital test flight. Usually, each rcket will be deserted after a single use, its cmpnents degraded t junk n the seaflr r adrift in space. But Starship is instead built fr endurance, landing back n the grund fr rapid reuse, which has already dramatically lwered the expense f reaching space.
As big and bld as the SLS may be, experts say that it pales in cmparisn with what Starship culd achieve. “Starship hlds the prmise f transfrming the slar system in a way we can’t really appreciate,” says Alan Stern. “It cmpletely changes the game.”
33．Why was it necessary t simplify the way t launch JWST?
A．The size f sme rckets was small.B．The launching technlgy was limited.
C．The unflding f JWST was impssible.D．The cst f launching JWKT was cstly.
34．What des the underlined wrd “bn” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Benefit.B．Fantasy.C．Cncern.D．Disaster.
35．What d we knw abut Starship in Paragraph 4?
A．It will be recycled in space.B．It is nt available fr launching.
C．It will be abandned after a single use.D．It has reduced the cst f reaching space.
36．What’s the experts’ attitude twards the future f Starship?
A．Hpeful.B．Wrried.C．Dubtful.D．Satisfied.
参考答案：
1．A2．D3．B4．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Zhai Zhigang, wh was the missin cmmander, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu breathed fresh air fr the first time after the half-year space jurney as grund recvery staff pened the dr f their reentry capsule at 10: 03 am.(上午10点03分，地面回收人员打开返回舱舱门，任务总指挥翟志刚和王亚平及叶光福在为期半年的太空之旅后首次呼吸到新鲜空气。)”可知，宇航员完成了在太空生活半年的任务。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段的“They tested cmpnents n the statin’s rbtic arm and used it t practice spacewalk.(他们测试了空间站机械臂上的组件，并用它来练习太空行走。)”可知，宇航员的成就是检查了空间站机械臂上的部件。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The space-based lessns marked the start f the Tiangng Class series(天宫课堂标志着天宫课堂系列的开始)”可推断出将来肯定会有更多的太空讲座。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“After circling Earth fr six mnths, the three crew members f China’s Shenzhu XIII missin have departed frm the Tiangng space statin and returned t the mther planet n Saturday mrning, finishing the natin’s lngest manned spaceflight.(在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，完成了中国最长的载人航天飞行。)”可知，本文主要讲的是在环绕地球6个月后，中国神舟十三号的三名宇航员于周六上午离开天宫空间站返回地球，因此最好的题目是D选项“Crew Members f the Shenzhu XIII Missin Returned t Earth(神舟十三号载人飞船返回地球)”可知，故选D。
5．A6．D7．D8．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索技术公司发射很多通讯卫星进入轨道，但这也带来了麻烦，即扰乱了望远镜的观测。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“SpaceX, a private cmpany, has put 60 Starlink cmmunicatin satellites int rbit, bringing the ttal circling Earth t 180. They will bring internet access t underserved areas f the wrld.(SpaceX，一家私人公司，已经将60颗星际通讯卫星送入轨道，使得环绕地球的总数达到180颗。他们将把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区。)”可知，太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）发射这么多通讯卫星是为了把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区，即扩展全球互联网服务。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段“When the satellites pass thrugh a telescpe’s field f view, they create bright streaks(条痕) that cut thrugh images f the sky, hiding anything that might be behind them and puring s much light int the telescpe that it causes sme bservatins unusable.(当卫星通过望远镜的视场时，它们会产生明亮的条纹，穿过天空的图像，隐藏了任何可能在它们后面的东西，并向望远镜投入了太多的光线，导致一些观测无法使用。)”可知，卫星通过望远镜的视场时，会导致一些观测无法进行，由此可知，太空专家担心的是望远镜的正常使用受到影响，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““We have t rely n firms such as SpaceX vluntarily cperating with astrnmers t attempt t keep the impacts f their satellite cnstellatins (卫星星座) as lw as pssible.” said space experts.(“我们必须依靠太空探索技术公司（Spacex）等公司自愿与天文学家合作，尽可能地降低其卫星星座的影响。”太空专家说。)”和最后一段“With mre than 1,500 Starlink satellites scheduled fr launch in the near future, that cperatin will need t be speedy if it is ging t make any difference.(随着1500多颗星际连接卫星计划在不久的将来发射，如果要有所作为的话，需要加速这种合作。)”可知，太空探索技术公司与与天文学家合作是很有必要的，是需要加速度推进，所以太空探索技术公司与与天文学家合作需拭目以待，故选D。
8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“SpaceX, a private cmpany, has put 60 Starlink cmmunicatin satellites int rbit, bringing the ttal circling Earth t 180. They will bring internet access t underserved areas f the wrld. But it seems they als mess with telescpes.(太空探索技术公司，一家私人公司，已经将60颗星际通讯卫星送入轨道，使得环绕地球的总数达到180颗。他们将把互联网带到世界上服务不足的地区。但它们似乎也会扰乱望远镜。)”可知，文章主要介绍了太空探索技术公司发射很多通讯卫星进入轨道，但这也带来了麻烦，即扰乱了望远镜的观测，所以A项“Trubles Made by Satellites(卫星造成的麻烦)”最适合做文章的标题，故选A。
9．C
10．B
11．A
12．D
【导语】
本文为一篇说明文，介绍了导致宇航员健康问题的原因——太空旅行可能会损害线粒体，从而损害健康。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Space travelers face a number f health risks. Astrnauts have reprted lss f bnes and muscle and smeeven have develped immune disrders and heart prblems. A new study finds that energy-prducing new structures in cells might be t blame fr many f these prblems.”（太空旅行者面临着许多健康风险。据报道，宇航员的骨船和肌肉受损，有些人甚至出现了免疫素乱和心脏问题。一项新的研究发现，细胞中产生能量的新结构可能是这些问题的罪魁祸首。)可知，细胞的问题可能是导致宇航员健康问题的原因。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The team lked at NASA GeneLab’s cllectin f data frm past space bilgy experiments and studied cells and tissues frm mice and peple and cmpared space travelers with thers that had remained n Earth.”(该团队研究了NASA基因实验室从过去的空间生物学实验中收集的数据，研究了老鼠和人类的细胞和组织，并将太空旅行者与留在地球上的其他人进行了比较。)可知，Beheshti团队参考了以前的数据来进行研究。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Damage t mitchndria may be a cmmn factr in spaceflight health risks, the team nw cncludes.”(研究小组得出结论，线粒体损伤可能是太空飞行健康风险的一个常见因素。)及“If mitchndria are the cause, dealing with prblems f them culd help prtect future astrnauts. Sme diseases cause mitchndrial defects.Dealing with such diseases in different ways may help reduce astrnauts’ health risks. Future studies culd test if existing drugs prevent mitchndrial prblems in cells, animals and peple n lng deep-space travels.”（如果线粒体是原因，处理它们的问题可能有助于保护未来的宇航员。有些疾病会导致线粒体缺陷。以不同的方式处理这些疾病可能有助于减少宇航员的健康风险。 未来的研究可以测试现有的药物是否能防止细胞、动物和在外太空长途旅行的人的线粒体问题。）可知，治疗导致线粒体缺陷的疾病可能有助于降低宇航员的健康风险。故选A项。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new study finds that energy-prducing new structures in cells might be t blame fr many f these prblems.”（ 一项新的研究发现，细胞中产生能量的新结构可能是这些问题的罪魁祸首。）及第四段“After sme time in space, mitchndria, the energy pwerhuses f cells, ften didn’t wrk as well as they shuld.”（在太空中待了一段时间后，线粒体，细胞的能量来源，通常就不能正常工作了。）可知，本文说明了导致宇航员健康问题的原因——太空旅行可能会损害线粒体，从而损害健康。故选D项。
13．C
14．B
15．A
16．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了最新的宇航服设计。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Hllywd mvies have idealized the icnic suit, its design leading the masses t believe it’s an utfit that can be slipped n within minutes. (好莱坞电影已经将这套标志性服装理想化，它的设计让大众相信它是一套可以在几分钟内穿上的服装)”可知，穿上好莱坞电影中的宇航服不需要太多困难。故选C。
14．推理判断题。通过文章第四段“includes a water tank fr the cling garment and carbn dixide remval system (包括用于冷却服装的水箱和二氧化碳去除系统)”以及“A tw-way radi system is als included (还包括一个双向无线电系统)”可推知，第4段主要从组成部分谈论最新的宇航服。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“When the Apll astrnauts walked n the mn, they culdn’t bend ver and pick up a rck (当阿波罗号宇航员在月球上行走时，他们不能弯腰捡起石头)”以及“Frtunately, spacesuits have cme a lng way since then and have a mre flexible structure with glves. (幸运的是，从那时起，宇航服已经取得了长足的进步，并且有了更灵活的手套结构)”可推知，文章提到阿波罗宇航员是为了将阿波罗宇航服和最新的宇航服做对比。故选A。
16．推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“Richard Rhdes’s team is wrking n the spacesuit that will allw fr mre mvement t explre the rugh terrain f the mn while still being strng enugh t prtect the wearer. (Richard Rhdes的团队正在研制一种宇航服，这种宇航服能让宇航员在探索月球崎岖地形时进行更多的运动，同时还能保持足够的强度来保护穿着者)”可推知，NASA下一次登月任务的宇航服是灵活且具有保护性的。故选D。
17．D
18．A
19．C
20．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一种名为RemveDebris的实验性清理设备成功地在人造卫星周围撒下了一张网，模拟了一种将来可以收集太空垃圾的技术。
17．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The test, which was carried ut this week, is widely believed t be the first successful demnstratin f space cleanup technlgy, experts tld CNN.(专家告诉CNN，本周进行的测试被广泛认为是太空清理技术的首次成功示范。)”以及文章第三段“Millins f pieces f junk are turning arund in rbit, the result f 50 years f space travel and few regulatins t keep space clean. At rbital speeds, even a small bit f paint crashing with a satellite can cause serius damage. (数以百万计的垃圾正在轨道上旋转，这是50年来太空旅行的结果，而且几乎没有保持太空清洁的法规。在轨道速度下，即使是很小的油漆与卫星相撞也会造成严重的破坏。)”可知，由于太空中的垃圾过多，所以人们有了发明RemveDebris来清理太空垃圾的想法。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Guglielm Aglietti, the directr f Surrey Space Centre, said that an peratinal versin f the RemveDebris technlgy wuld cast ut a net that remains fastened t the main satellite s the debris can be dragged ut f rbit.(萨里太空中心主任Guglielm Aglietti说，RemveDebris技术的一个操作版本将会在主卫星上撒下一张网，这样碎片就可以被拖出轨道。)”可知，这项技术是通过在主卫星上撒网将碎片拖出轨道的方式运行的。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“There are still big barriers t clear befre peratinal cleanup tasks will be underway, he said, and the biggest challenge is figuring ut hw t fund such prjects. (他说，在开展行动清理工作之前，仍有许多重大障碍需要清除，最大的挑战是弄清楚如何为此类项目提供资金。)”可知，该项目需要有人资助才可以继续进行。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“An experimental cleanup device called RemveDebris has successfully cast a net arund adummy (仿造的) satellite, simulating (模拟) a technique that culd ne day cllect spacebrne garbage.(一种名为RemveDebris的实验性清理设备成功地在人造卫星周围撒下了一张网，模拟了一种将来可以收集太空垃圾的技术。)”以及第二段“The test, which was carried ut this week, is widely believed t be the first successful demnstratin f space cleanup technlgy, experts tld CNN. And it signals an early step tward dealing with what is already a key prblem: rubbish in space. (专家告诉CNN，本周进行的测试被广泛认为是太空清理技术的首次成功示范。这标志着我们在解决太空垃圾这个已经成为关键问题的问题上迈出了早期的一步。)”可知，文章主要介绍了如何成功发明了一个名为RemveDebris的卫星，用来清理太空垃圾，并详述了其工作原理和工作过程。所以“Satellite First Time Cllects Waste(卫星第一次收集垃圾)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
21．C
22．A
23．C
24．D
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。随着近年来空间发射频率的急剧增加，地球上空发生灾难性碰撞的可能性不断增大。现在，日本轨道清理公司Astrscale正在测试一种解决方案，以期应对日益严重的太空垃圾问题。
21．词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“It cnsists f tw spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, r “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (它由两个航天器组成:一个较小的“客户”卫星和一个较大的“服务”卫星，或称“追逐者”卫星。较小的卫星装有磁板)”可知，这颗较小的卫星装有一块磁板，可以让“追逐者”与它对接由此可知划线部分“dck with”与“jin tgether”的意思相近，表示“连接在一起”的意思。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“Because f the grwing space garbage prblem, many cuntries nw require firms t have a way t bring back their satellites nce they run ut f fuel r fail, s this culd be a fairly simple likely plan, Frshaw says. (Frshaw说，由于日益严重的太空垃圾问题，许多国家现在要求公司在卫星燃料耗尽或出现故障时有办法将其带回，因此这可能是一个相当简单的可行计划)”可知，因为日益严重的太空垃圾问题，许多国家现在要求公司带回他们的卫星。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段后两句“It cnsists f tw spacecraft: a smaller “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, r “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allws the chaser t dck with it. (它由两个航天器组成：一个小型的“客户”卫星和一个较大的“服务”卫星，或称“追逐者”。较小的卫星配备了使追踪器与之对接的板磁力板)”及第三段第一句“The tw stacked spacecraft will perfrm three tests nce in rbit, each f which will invlve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. (两个堆叠的航天器将在轨道上进行三次试验，每一次试验都将涉及释放服务卫星，然后重新捕获客户卫星)”，以及第四段最后一句“All f these tests will be perfrmed autnmusly, with little t n human input nce they are set in mtin. (所有这些测试都将自动执行，一旦启动，几乎不需要人工输入)”可知，Astrscale公司会通过服务卫星找到客户卫星，服务卫星通过客户卫星上的磁力板连接上客户卫星，进而捕获客户卫星，整个过程都是自动执行的。通过这样的过程，就可以捕获太空中的垃圾。故选C。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The tw stacked spacecraft will perfrm three tests nce in rbit, each f which will invlve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. (两个堆叠的航天器将在轨道上进行三次试验，每一次试验都将涉及服务卫星释放，然后重新捕获客户卫星 )”可知，这个示范任务将会进行三个不同的测试，可以推断出这个任务会被分成三个不同阶段。故选D。
25．D
26．B
27．D
28．A
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫦娥五号太空育种任务及其种子优势为地面种植带来的机会。
25．
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Scientists wished t check what wuld happen t the seeds after being expsed t extraterrestrial frces in lunar rbit and als hped they culd develp beneficial mutatins.”（科学家希望检查种子在月球轨道上暴露在地外力量后会发生什么，也希望它们能产生有益的突变。）可知，科学家们将种子放置于嫦娥五号中，是为了让种子处于一个特殊的环境，并观察对其产生的影响。故选D项。
26．
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Researchers bserve and examine several generatins f plants grwn frm space-bred seeds and investigate their mutatins — sme are psitive and desirable while thers are negative.”（研究人员观察和检查了几代从太空培育的种子中生长出来的植物，并调查它们的突变——有些是积极的和令人满意的，而另一些则是消极的。）可推知，有些突变是有益的、可取的，而另一些则是有害的，由此可见，太空育种突变是随机的。故选B项。
27．
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Space breeding can generate mutatins faster and mre cnveniently than grund-based experiments and can bring abut sme desirable traits that are therwise hard t intrduce. Cmpared with natural r cnventinally bred types f plants, space-develped versins with psitive mutatins usually feature higher nutritinal cntent, greater annual yields, shrter grwth perids and better resistance t diseases and insect pests.”（与地面实验相比，太空育种可以更快更方便地产生突变，并能带来一些本来很难引入的理想性状。与自然或常规培育的植物类型相比，具有正突变的空间发育版本通常具有更高的营养含量、更高的年产量、更短的生长期和更好的抗病虫害能力。）可推知，作者对太空育种持赞赏的态度。故选D项。
28．
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Space breeding can generate mutatins faster and mre cnveniently than grund-based experiments and can bring abut sme desirable traits that are therwise hard t intrduce.”（与地面实验相比，太空育种可以更快更方便地产生突变，并能带来一些本来很难引入的理想性状。）及第五段“Space breeding has helped t prduce mre than 200 new types f mutated plants in China that have been apprved fr large-scale cultivatin, ranging frm grains t vegetables and fruits.”（太空育种已经帮助中国产生了200多种新的突变植物，这些植物已被批准进行大规模种植，从谷物到蔬菜和水果。）及全文内容可知，本文介绍了嫦娥五号太空育种任务及其优势为地面种植带来的机会。A选项“Space-bred Seeds Offer Great Chances”（太空培育的种子提供了很好的机会）适合作为本文标题。故选A项。
29．B
30．B
31．A
32．D
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是4月8号名为AX-1从美国佛罗里达州发射，通往国际空间站的首次“全私人”形式的太空旅行飞行任务。
29．
推理判断题。结合第一段的“A Spanish rice dish; secret de cerd with pist—Ibéric Prk with tmates, nins, eggplant, and peppers; and chicken and mushrm paella, will be served abard the Internatinal Space Statin (ISS) thrughut the next week.(西班牙菜:一种西班牙米饭；pist-Ibéric猪肉配番茄、洋葱、茄子和辣椒；以及鸡肉蘑菇海鲜饭，将于下周在国际空间站提供。)”和第二段的“That, at least, is what fur f the eleven crew members abard the ISS will be eating, after a SpaceX Falcn 9 rcket lifts ff n April 8,2022 frm Cape Canaveral, Flrida, carrying the Crew Dragn spacecraft.(在太空探索技术公司的猎鹰9号火箭于2022年4月8日携带Crew Dragn飞船从佛罗里达州卡纳维拉尔角发射升空后，国际空间站上的11名宇航员中至少有4人将吃到这种食物。)”，作者介绍这些食物的目的就是为了引出这一特殊太空旅行的话题，吸引读者。故选B。
30．
推理判断题。结合第二段的“Als n bard are three business wners and charitarians: American Larry Cnnr, Canadian Mark Pathy, and Israeli Eytan Stibbe—each f whm wh paid an estimated $55 millin per seat fr their 20-hur jurney t the statin and the eight days they will spend abard.(飞机上还有三名企业主和慈善家:美国人Larry Cnnr、加拿大人Mark Pathy和以色列人Eytan stibbe，他们每个人都为每个座位支付了大约5500万美元，为他们20个小时的旅程和他们将在空间站度过的8天支付了费用。)”和第三段的“Actually, they are nt the first space turists t the ISS—eleven in ttal ver the past tw decades(事实上，他们并不是过去20年里第一批前往ISS -11的太空游客)”，可判断这次任务的主要目的是提供太空旅行。故选B。
31．
推理判断题。根据第4段“We’ve spent anywhere frm 750 t ver 1,000 hurs training. We’re ging t d sme 25 different experiments cvering ver 100 hurs f research.(我们的训练时间从750小时到1000小时不等。我们将做25个不同的实验，涉及100多个小时的研究。)”可知，“Cnnr”认为这次飞行做好了充分准备，并具备研究意义。故选A。
32．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Ramn, the first Israeli astrnaut, wh died in the 2003 disintegratin f the space shuttle Clumbia. Several pages frm Ramn’s diary survived the crash and Stibbe will carry them int the space.(他是第一位以色列宇航员，2003年死于哥伦比亚号航天飞机的解体。雷蒙的几页日记在坠机中幸存下来，斯蒂贝将带着它们进入太空。)”可知，Stibbe想斯蒂贝想把雷蒙的日记带进太空来表达对雷蒙的尊重。故选D。
33．A
34．A
35．D
36．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜启动的方式得到了简化，更有利于火箭装载。介绍了两枚火箭的情况和各自的优势。
33．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Astrnmers breathed a sigh f relief as the James Webb Space Telescpe(JWST)sprung t life. JWST wuld nt fit int any mdern rcket withut being flded. (当詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜（JWST）重新启动时，天文学家们松了一口气。如果不折叠起来，JWST将无法装进任何现代火箭)”可知，有必要简化启动JWST的方式是因为一些火箭的尺寸很小。故选A。
34．
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“If apprved, thugh, its massive size culd ultimately be a”以及后文“fr scientists seeking t send larger, mre ambitius spacecraft and telescpes thrughut the slar system and even beynd”可知，科学家们希望向整个太阳系甚至更远的地方发射更大、更有野心的宇宙飞船和望远镜，所以如果获得批准，它巨大的尺寸最终可能会对科学家有好处，故画线词意思是“好处”。故选A。
35．
细节理解题。根据第四段中“But Starship is instead built fr endurance, landing back n the grund fr rapid reuse, which has already dramatically lwered the expense f reaching space.(但“星际飞船”是为续航能力而建造的，它会返回地面进行快速再利用，这已经大大降低了进入太空的成本)”可知，星际飞船降低了进入太空的成本。故选D。
36．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“As big and bld as the SLS may be, experts say that it pales in cmparisn with what Starship culd achieve. “Starship hlds the prmise f transfrming the slar system in a way we can’t really appreciate,” says Alan Stern. “It cmpletely changes the game.”(尽管SLS可能是巨大而大胆的，但专家们表示，与星际飞船所能实现的成就相比，它就相形见绌了。艾伦·斯特恩说：“星际飞船有希望以一种我们无法真正欣赏的方式改变太阳系。它完全改变了游戏规则。”)”可知，专家对星际飞船的未来充满希望。故选A。
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