2022-2023学年山东省淄博市高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)

这是一份2022-2023学年山东省淄博市高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，单句语法填空，单词拼写-单句，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Hertz Internatinal Car Rental Guide
Welcme t Hertz internatinal car rental site!We lk frward t assisting yu with Hertz car rental wrldwide.Drive the wrld with Hertz!
Why Hertz
Funded in 1918，Hertz is the wrld's largest and mst ppular car rental cmpany，with mre than 750，000 vehicles stred in ver 10，800 rental shps （2，000 airprt lcatins） wrldwide.
Yu can enjy the fastest car rental service wrldwide.N lng queues.N unnecessary paperwrk.Bking with yur Hertz membership，yu just g straight t yur car and drive away.Return withut waiting，and the electrnic bill will be sent t yur mail bx in time.
Renters' Qualificatin & Requirements
● Passprt
● Min.21 years ld
● Valid （有效的） driving license，min.1 year driving experience
● Internatinal Driving Permit （IDP） r China Driving License English Translatin （nly apply t China Driving License hlders）
● Valid internatinal credit card （Please nte that yur bank card shuld be valid at least 3 mnths frm the date f return）
● Bking Cnfirmatin ID
Please Nte：Hertz lcatins in USA，Canada，Australia，New Zealand，mst cuntries in Eurpe and Asia （excluding Japan and Krea） nw accept China Driver's License when it is accmpanied （伴随） with an English translatin.Please cntact Hertz China Call Center 4008423604 r fllw Hertz China fficial WeChat "HertzGuJiZuChe" t apply fr English translatin f China Driver's License fr free.
1.What is an advantage f Hertz？ ______
A. It gives paper bills withut delay.
B. It prvides certain free cars.
C. It has ver 750，000 rental shps.
D. It ffers the mst cnvenient service.
2.What is necessary fr a Chinese t rent a car frm Hertz？ ______
A. An age ver 18.
B. A shrt time credit card.
C. An English editin f driver's license.
D. At least 3 mnths driving experience.
3.Where is this text prbably taken frm？ ______
A. A webpage.B. A travel plan.
C. A sales advertisement.D. A guide bk.
B
LaKeicee was trying t plan a party，but Jaxsn hadn't made up his mind n hw he wanted t celebrate. "Tell me what yu want t d fr yur birthday，" LaKeicee said as his sn's birthday apprached.She remembered her sn lking at her fr a mment befre saying， "Let's feed the hmeless." She thught he meant that he wanted t dnate cans，r spend a day vlunteering at a sup kitchen.But Jaxsn had smething bigger in mind.
"They need a full Easter meal like we d，" he said.LaKeicee asked him hw many peple he wanted t feed. "As many as pssible，" Jaxsn replied. "That's hw it all began，" LaKeicee recalled. "He's been ging ever since."
Jaxsn Turner，nw 13，is the funder f his wn charity—N2 Y2 C，a nnprfit he has been running with his mther's help fr three years.He has fur main prjects：feeding the hmeless，dmestic vilence awareness，back t schl supplies fr classmates in need，and a Christmas prject in partnership with Samaritan Inn.
Jaxsn's inspiratin came frm seeing peple n crners begging fr fd.He saw it thrughut the city and realized that peple in need were everywhere.He als grew up cking with his mther，wh made a big Sunday dinner every week，and he wanted t give that experience t ther peple.
Jaxsn raised mney thrugh grassrts effrts like lemnade stands and GFundMe pages.Sme f it was used t buy schl supplies fr ver 100 kids a year，and sme was used fr a Christmas party he threw fr the kids staying at Samaritan Inn，a hmeless shelter in McKinney.
In ttal，he has raised ﹩72，444 fr N2 Y2 C prject.N2 Y2 C desn't have a website，but it's cming.Mst f the wrds are spread ver scial media，but Jaxsn has big plans fr the future.As LaKeicee says，there's always smene ut there wh needs help，and she is hnred t help her sn d it.
4.What did Jaxsn want fr his 10th birthday？ ______
A. Hlding a partyB. Supplying the hmeless with fd
C. Dnating cansD. Vlunteering at a sup kitchen
5.What drve Jaxsn t fund the N2 Y2 C？ ______
A. The desire t care fr the beggars
B. The need t set up a website
C. The demand fr raising mney
D. The thirst fr partners
6.What can we knw abut N2 Y2 C？ ______
A. It makes great prfits
B. It is intended fr stay-at-hme children
C. It turns ut t be a success
D. It gains ppularity amng the yung
7.What might be a suitable title fr the text？ ______
A. Hard Wrk Pays Off
B. Never T Yung t Care
C. One Gd Turn Deserves Anther
D. A Gd Heart Is Better Than a Nble Psitin
C
Have yu ever nticed an ant in yur hme，nly t find that a week later the whle grup has mved in？The traps yu set up catch nly a few f these ants，but sn，the rest f the grup has mysteriusly disappeared.Nw a study published in the jurnal Cell explres hw certain danger-signaling phermnes（信息激素）—the scent markers ants give ff t cmmunicate with each ther — activate a specific part f the ants' brains and can change the behavir f the whle nest.
This research suggests that ants have their wn kind f cmmunicatin center in their brains，similar t humans.This center can interpret alarm phermnes，r "danger signals"，frm ther ants.The researchers used an engineered prtein called GCaMP t scan the brain activity f clnal raider ants（克隆蚁） that were expsed t danger signals.GCaMP wrks by attaching itself t calcium ins （钙离子），which light up with brain activity，and the resulting chemical cmpund can be seen n high-reslutin micrscpes adapted t view them.
When perfrming the scans，the researchers nticed that nly a small sectin f the ants' brains lit up in respnse t danger signals，but the ants still shwed immediate and cmplex behavirs in respnse.These behavirs were named the "panic respnse" because they invlved actins such as fleeing，and transprting their yung frm the nest tward a safer lcatin.
Fr the purpse f this study，researchers chse clnal raider ants as a species because they are easy t cntrl.They used ants f ne sex within ne class and rle （female wrker ants） t guarantee cnsistency and therefre make it easier t bserve widespread patterns.
8.What des the study fcus n？ ______
A. The traps used t catch ants
B. Hw t activate dangerus signals
C. The reasn why the whle ant grup mves
D. Hw phermnes affect the ants' behavir
9.What is presented in Paragraph 2？ ______
A. The study prcedure.B. The research principles.
C. The chemical cmbinatin.D. The adaptin f micrscpe.
10.What can we infer frm Paragraph 3？ ______
A. Panic causes the ants t flee.
B. GCaMP can activate the brain.
C. The ants are sensitive t the phermnes.
D. The ants' brains will light up during the research.
11.Why did the researchers chse ants f the same kind？ ______
A. T shrten the experiment time
B. T ensure the reliability f the result.
C. T cntrl the ants prperly
D. T simplify the experimental prcess
D
Fr sme peple，the term "black bx" brings t mind the recrding devices in airplanes that are valuable fr later analyses if the unthinkable happens.But black bx is als an imprtant term in the wrld f artificial intelligence.AI black bxes refer t Al systems with internal wrkings that are invisible t the user.Yu can feed them input and get utput，but yu cannt examine the system's lgic that prduced the utput.
Machine learning is the main aspect f artificial intelligence.It is the basic f AI systems like ChatGPT.There are three parts t machine learning：an algrithm （算法） r a set f algrithms，training data and a mdel.An algrithm is a set f prcedures.In machine learning，an algrithm learns t identify patterns after being trained n a large set f examples — the training data.Once a machine-learning algrithm has been trained，the result is a machine-learning mdel.The mdel is what peple use.Any f the three parts f a machine-learning system can be hidden，r in a black bx.S t prtect their intellectual prperty，Al develpers ften put the mdel in a black bx.
The ppsite f a black bx is smetimes referred t as a glass bx.An Al glass bx is a system whse algrithms，training data and mdel are all available fr anyne t see.
In many cases，there is a gd reasn t be careful f black bx machine-learning algrithms and mdels.Suppse a machine-learning mdel has made a diagnsis abut yur health.Wuld yu want the mdel t be in a black bx r a glass bx？
Fr years，many peple in the cmputing field thught that keeping sftware in a black bx wuld prevent hackers （黑客） frm examining it and therefre it wuld be secure.This assumptin has largely been prved wrng because hackers can reverse （逆向）-engineer sftware and discver vulnerabilities t make use f.If sftware is in a glass bx，then sftware testers and well-intentined hackers can examine it and infrm the creatrs f disadvantages，thereby reducing cyberattacks.
12.Why des the authr mentin "black bx" in airplanes in the first paragraph？ ______
A. T explain a rule.B. T intrduce the tpic.
C. T present a fact.D. T define a cncept.
13.What's the value f the AI black bxes？ ______
A. Warning the hackers.B. Recrding imprtant data.
C. Reducing internet crimes.D. Prtecting sftware systems.
14.What des the underlined wrd "vulnerabilities" mean in the last paragraph？ ______
A. Pssibilities.B. Flexibilities.C. Weaknesses.D. Advantages.
15.What is the authr's attitude twards the AI bxes？ ______
A. Objective.B. Dubtful.C. Indifferent.D. Apprving.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Win and Lse with Grace
During my years as an early childhd teacher，I learned very quickly which children were driven t be the best—the winner.Sme children were nt especially bthered by lsing，whereas thers turned every pprtunity int a cmpetitin. （1） ______ .Hwever，we can help ur children learn t handle it.
● Acknwledge disappintment frm lsing
Teach yur child that it's kay t feel disappinted after lsing. （2） ______ .Sme children may be ready t jump back in and play again.Others may need t ask fr a hug，spend a little time alne，r read a bk t calm dwn.It is never kay t say mean wrds abut thers.
●（ 3） ______
Share with yur child that even if they feel upset r disappinted，they can cngratulate thse wh did win.Find meaningful ways t be a gd lser.Share a praise with ther players t let them knw smething they did was really psitive.Thinking abut thers' feelings can ften help children manage their wn （e.g.， "They wrked really hard-just like me!"）.
● Talk abut luck and chance
Sme games take very little effrt t win r lse，relying mstly n chance.Talk with children abut luck and chance and let them knw that smetimes yu chse cards that help yu win and smetimes yu dn't. （4） ______ .
● Fcus n effrt
（ 5） ______ .When children are preparing fr a cmpetitin，praise them fr hw hard they wrked.Fcus n effrt even after a cmpetitin ends whether yur child wn r lst.This encurages children t recgnize that they can imprve and grw，making it mre likely that they will try again.
A.Share praises with thers
B.Practice gd sprtsmanship
C.Dn't make winning r lsing t big f a deal
D.There are different ways t express that feeling
E.It can feel harder t lse at a game that relies n persnal r team perfrmance than lse a game based n chance
F.This is nt yur fault and des nt reflect wh yu are
G.Managing feelings that cme with lsing can be challenging
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
At the Flsslande restaurant in scenic Augsburg，waiter Paul Blachut 24，is busy at wrk.Nt far，sme peple are （1） ______ with water in the Lech river，amng whm are a mther and tw teenage daughters. （2） ______ Blachut hears the shut： "Three peple are drwning in the river!" Blachut spts the three wmen a shrt distance away，mving their arms up and dwn，（ 3） ______ t grasp anything they can.
Despite having n life saying training，he （4） ______ ut dwn t the riverbank.Then he jumps int the river.As he gets （5） ______ t them，he can tell that the mther seems t be in the mst truble.Withut （6） ______ Blachut dive under the （7） ______ wman，pushing her upward and using all his（8） ______ t thrw her tward the shre.
Blachut knws he needs t（9） ______ the tw daughters and they are nw further dwn the river.He jumps int the current again，swims quickly dwnstream and manages t （10） ______ ne.He pushes her tward the shre in the same（11） ______ he did t her mther，and is able t get her ut，t.
Lking back t the river.Blachut can see smene is helping the girl's sister，wh has becme（12） ______ .As he gently lays her dwn，a bystander with （13） ______ training cmes frward and （14） ______ t her.Thankfully，it's n lng befre she cmes back t life again.Peple （15） ______ their admiratin fr Blachut fllwing the incident.
21.A. dealingB. playingC. wrkingD. cmmunicating
22.A. SuddenlyB. SecretlyC. EventuallyD. Gradually
23.A. tremblingB. wanderingC. vlunteeringD. struggling
24.A. turnsB. hldsC. rushesD. walks
25.A. clserB. straighterC. slwerD. later
26.A. anxietyB. hesitatinC. dubtD. permissin
27.A. dangerusB. thrilledC. disappintedD. scared
28.A. strengthB. spiritC. curageD. pressure
29.A. helpB. trainC. rescueD. remve
30.A. take charge fB. take advantage f
C. make use fD. get hld f
31.A. wayB. purpseC. pininD. situatin
32.A. hmelessB. fearlessC. senselessD. wrthless
33.A. physicalB. medicalC. militaryD. technical
34.A. appealsB. attachesC. cntributesD. attends
35.A. describeB. expressesC. explainsD. changes
四、单句语法填空：本大题共6小题，共9分。
36.That ftball is such a simple game t play is perhaps the basis f its ______ （ ppular）.（所给词的适当形式填空）
37.______ （ see） quite a few prductins f Hamlet and read the play many times，I was full f cnfidence-until the Peking Opera came t twn!
38.Mum ______ （use） Dad's phne t take phts f the clrful little huses alng the cast when we saw smething amazing — a killer whale. （所给词的适当形式填空）
39.He als saw hundreds f delighted students wh had turned ut ______ （ welcme） him. （所给词的适当形式填空）
40.Or was it simply ______ （ cheap） t paint himself than t pay fr a mdel？（所给词的适当形式填空）
41.Fr thse peple，climbing Qmlangma is an experience like n ther， ______ （ make） sme feel weak and thers，pwerful. （所给词的适当形式填空）
五、单词拼写-单句：本大题共4小题，共6分。
42.He came t see peple ______ a danger t sharks，rather than the ther way rund. （用适当的词填空）
43.After repeating this prcess a few times，they eventually fund the ideal distance ______ they culd feel warm while managing nt t hurt each ther. （用适当的词填空）
44.______ remains imprtant is that we have an incredible desire t think and create，and that's the real spirit f inventin. （用适当的词填空）
45.The hrses，whether resting ______ n the mve，ffered him plenty f inspiratin. （用适当的词填空）
六、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。
46.假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Ryan想学习一项中国传统艺术。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
（1）介绍你学习这项艺术的经历；
（2）分享你的心得感悟。
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Ryan，
_______
Yurs， Li Hua
47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一个完整的故事。续写的词数应为80左右。
The Magic Birthday Candles in Space
（An excerpt frm a science fictin） My birthday was ging t be extra special fr tw reasns.Fr ne thing，like Cmmander Park said， "Nbdy's ever turned nine in space befre，David." Mm，my sister Rebekah，and I were mving t Mars fr a year.We'd spent almst tw weeks in the spaceship s far.
I was trying t keep the ther reasn secret.But the day befre my birthday，Rebekah caught me with my cheeks puffed （膨胀） way ut. "What are yu ding？Practicing t blw ut all the candles this year？" She laughed. "This time I will，" I said. "Everybdy n the ship will be watching，s..."
"Oh，David，" my sister interrupted.
"Yur cake can't have candles.Fire n a spaceship is t dangerus."
When I turned away，she patted my shulder. "At least yu dn't have t wrry abut blwing them all ut."
Our mther has an imprtant jb，maintaining the ship's electrical systems.Besides，I wanted t act mature abut this.If I culdn't blw ut the candles like I wanted，at least I was ld enugh nt t cmplain abut it.
After dinner n my birthday，Mm flated int the cafeteria，carrying my birthday cake.I was amazed. "Candles!" I shuted，staring at the nine shining n tp f the cake. "I thught fire wasn't allwed n a spaceship." "Lk clser，" my mther said.The candles were really electrical lights，with tiny flame-shaped bulbs.
"Awesme，" I said. "But I wish I culd blw them ut."
She laughed，then made a blw，and all nine went ut.Anther puff，and they lit up again.
"Everybdy，sing!" rdered Cmmander Park.Once the passengers and crew were dne，I tk my deepest ever breath.I'm nine nw.I can d this!I thught.Everyne watched the candles.Whsh!I blew as hard as I culd.All the ship's lights went ut!Everyne gasped （倒抽一口气）.
"Yu didn't have t blw that hard，David，" said Rebekah.I laughed，and s did Cmmander Park.Smene asked， "What's wrng？When is the backup pwer cming n？"
"I'll take a lk.Des anyne have a flashlight n them？" said Mm.
N ne wuld ever think f taking a flashlight t a birthday party.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】D、C、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Why Hertz中Yu can enjy the fastest car rental service wrldwide.N lng queues.N unnecessary paperwrk.Bking with yur Hertz membership，yu just g straight t yur car and drive away.Return withut waiting，and the electrnic bill will be sent t yur mail bx in time.（您可以享受到全球最快的租车服务。不用排长队。没有不必要的文书工作。用你的赫兹会员预约，你只需要直接去找你的车，然后开车离开。不用等待返回，电子账单将及时发送到您的邮箱。）可知，赫兹公司不用排长队，没有不必要的文书工作等等，提供了非常便利的租车服务。A．It gives paper bills withut delay.它立即提供纸质账单B．It prvides certain free cars.它提供一些免费的汽车；C．It has ver 750，000 rental shps.它有超过75万家出租商店；D．It ffers the mst cnvenient service.它提供最方便的服务。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据Renters' Qualificatin & Requirements中的Internatinal Driving Permit （IDP） r China Driving License English Translatin （nly apply t China Driving License hlders）（国际驾照或中国驾照英文翻译件（仅适用于持有中国驾照者））可知，中国人租车需要有中国驾照的英文版。故选C。
（3）文章出处题。根据文章第一段第一句话Welcme t Hertz internatinal car rental site!（欢迎光临赫兹国际租车网站！）可知，这篇文章出自赫兹国际租车网站。故选A。
这篇短文主要介绍了赫兹国际租车指南。赫兹是世界上最大、最受欢迎的租车公司，拥有超过750，000辆车存放在全球10，800多个租车店（包括2，000个机场位置）。租车者需要满足一些要求，如年满21岁、持有有效的驾驶执照和国际驾驶许可证等。赫兹的租车服务快捷方便，不需要排队和繁琐的手续，可以直接取车和还车。在美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、欧洲和亚洲（除日本和韩国外）的赫兹门店，中国驾照持有人只需附带英文翻译即可租车。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
4~7.【答案】B、A、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段的"Tell me what yu want t d fr yur birthday，" LaKeicee said as his sn's birthday apprached.She remembered her sn lking at her fr a mment befre saying， "Let's feed the hmeless"（"告诉我你的生日想做什么，"拉凯西在儿子生日临近时问。她记得儿子看了她一会儿，然后说："让我们为无家可归的人提供食物吧"），可知Jaxsn十岁的生日愿望是给无家可归的人提供食物。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据文第四段Jaxsn's inspiratin came frm seeing peple n crners begging fr fd（Jaxsn的灵感来自于看到街角乞讨的人），可知看到街角乞讨的人驱使Jaxsn创立了N2 Y2 C。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段In ttal，he has raised﹩72，444 fr N2 Y2 C prject.N2 Y2 C desn't have a website，but it's cming.Mst f the wrds are spread ver scial media，but Jaxsn has big plans fr the future（他总共为N2 Y2 C项目筹集了72，444美元。N2 Y2 C目前还没有网站，但网站即将创建。他的大多数故事都在社交媒体上传播，但Jaxsn对未来有很大的计划），可知N2 Y2 C已经获得了成功。故选C。
（4）标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，Jaxsn小小年纪就创立了慈善组织N2 Y2 C，而N2 Y2 C实际上就是Never T Yung T Care的缩写。所以B项Never T Yung t Care（永远不要因为年龄太小而不关心他人）最能概括本文内容。故选B。
这是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了Jaxsn成立一个慈善机构的原因和过程。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
8~11.【答案】C、B、C、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Nw a study published in the jurnal Cell explres hw certain danger-signaling phermnes（信息激素）—the scent markers ants give ff t cmmunicate with each ther — activate a specific part f the ants' brains and can change the behavir f the whle nest.（现在，发表在《细胞》杂志上的一项研究探讨了某些危险信号信息素——蚂蚁相互交流时发出的气味标记——是如何激活蚂蚁大脑的特定部分并改变整个巢穴的行为的。）可知，这项研究关注的是信息激素影响蚂蚁行为的方式。选项C．The reasn why the whle ant grup mves（整个蚂蚁群移动的原因）符合题意。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The researchers used an engineered prtein called GCaMP t scan the brain activity f clnal raider ants（克隆蚁） that were expsed t danger signals.GCaMP wrks by attaching itself t calcium ins （钙离子），which light up with brain activity，and the resulting chemical cmpund can be seen n high-reslutin micrscpes adapted t view them.（研究人员使用一种名为GCaMP的工程蛋白来扫描暴露在危险信号中的克隆攻击蚁的大脑活动。GCaMP通过附着在钙离子上发挥作用，钙离子会随着大脑活动而发光，由此产生的化合物可以在适合观察它们的高分辨率显微镜上看到。）可知，研究人员使用GCaMP来扫描克隆蚁的大脑活动，因为GCaMP可以附在钙离子上，而钙离子会随着大脑活动发光，这样就可以在显微镜上看到产生的化合物。由此可推测出，这里主要解释了GCaMP的工作原理，从而呈现出整个研究所基于的原理。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据第三段When perfrming the scans，the researchers nticed that nly a small sectin f the ants' brains lit up in respnse t danger signals，but the ants still shwed immediate and cmplex behavirs in respnse.（在进行扫描时，研究人员注意到，只有一小部分蚂蚁的大脑会对危险信号做出反应，但蚂蚁在反应中仍然表现出即时而复杂的行为。）可知，虽然在接收到危险信号信息激素时，蚂蚁的大脑中只有一小部分有反应，但蚂蚁仍然会立即做出复杂的反应行为。由此可推测出，蚂蚁对信息激素非常敏感。故选C。
（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段Fr the purpse f this study，researchers chse clnal raider ants as a species because they are easy t cntrl.（为了进行这项研究，研究人员选择克隆攻击蚁作为一个物种，因为它们很容易控制。）可知，研究人员选择同种蚂蚁是为了更好地控制蚂蚁。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。一项研究探索了蚂蚁发出的危险信号信息激素是怎样激活蚂蚁大脑中的一小部分并引起整个巢穴改变行动的。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。
12~15.【答案】B、D、C、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中But black bx is als an imprtant term in the wrld f artificial intelligence.AI black bxes refer t Al systems with internal wrkings that are invisible t the user.Yu can feed them input and get utput，but yu cannt examine the system's lgic that prduced the utput.（但是黑匣子在人工智能领域也是一个重要的术语。人工智能黑匣子指的是具有用户不可见的内部工作原理的人工智能系统。你可以向它们提供输入并获得输出，但是你不能检查产生输出的系统逻辑。）以及第二段中 Machine learning is the main aspect f artificial intelligence.It is the basic f AI systems like ChatGPT.There are three parts t machine learning：an algrithm （算法） r a set f algrithms，training data and a mdel. （机器学习是人工智能的主要方面。这是ChatGPT等人工智能系统的基础。机器学习有三个部分：一个算法（或一组算法）、训练数据和模型。）可知，此处指出黑匣子指的是用户无法查看其内部工作原理的人工智能系统。由此文章通过介绍介绍黑匣子的工作原理来引出文章说明的内容即机器学习是人工智能的主要方面，它包括算法、训练数据和模型。故第一段中提到黑匣子的目的是引出文章主题。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段中S t prtect their intellectual prperty，Al develpers ften put the mdel in a black bx.（因此，为了保护他们的知识产权，人工智能开发人员经常把模型放在一个黑匣子里。）以及最后一段中Fr years，many peple in the cmputing field thught that keeping sftware in a black bx wuld prevent hackers （黑客） frm examining it and therefre it wuld be secure. （多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。）可知，多年来黑匣子的价值是确保计算机系统的安全，即保护软件系统。故选D。
（3）词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子Fr years，many peple in the cmputing field thught that keeping sftware in a black bx wuld prevent hackers （黑客） frm examining it and therefre it wuld be secure.This assumptin has largely been prved wrng（多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。这种假设在很大程度上被证明是错误的）可知，多年来很多人认为把软件放在黑匣子中是可以防止黑客攻击的，这是安全的，可是这种假设被证明是错误的。因为黑客可以通过逆向工程来检查软件并发现其存在的缺点（漏洞），并加以利用。故划线词与C选项"Weaknesses"为同义词，意为"缺点"。A．Pssibilities可能性；B．Flexibilities灵活性；C．Weaknesses虚弱；D．Advantages优势。故选C。
（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段中Fr years，many peple in the cmputing field thught that keeping sftware in a black bx wuld prevent hackers （黑客） frm examining it and therefre it wuld be secure.This assumptin has largely been prved wrng （多年来，许多计算机领域的人认为，把软件放在黑匣子里可以防止黑客检查它，因此它是安全的。）以及If sftware is in a glass bx，then sftware testers and well-intentined hackers can examine it and infrm the creatrs f disadvantages，thereby reducing cyberattacks.（如果软件是在一个玻璃盒子里，那么软件测试人员和善意的黑客可以检查它，并告知创建者的缺点，从而减少网络攻击。）可知，此处作者认为智能黑匣子既有优点又有缺点，故作者对它的态度是客观的。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能中的黑匣子概念。同时文章还提到了黑匣子的安全性问题，黑客可以通过逆向工程来发现漏洞，而玻璃盒可以减少网络攻击。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】G、D、B、F、E
【解析】（1）语境衔接题。根据上文Sme children were nt especially bthered by lsing，whereas thers turned every pprtunity int a cmpetitin.（有些孩子并没有因为输而特别烦恼，而另一些孩子则把每一个机会都变成了一场比赛。）及下文Hwever，we can help ur children learn t handle it.（然而，我们可以帮助我们的孩子学会处理它。）且句中的Hwever表明本句与空处形成转折，所以空处讲述的应是应对输掉的感觉有时候会很困难，G项"管理伴随着失败而来的情绪可能很有挑战性"符合语境。故选G。
（2）语境衔接题。根据上文Teach yur child that it's kay t feel disappinted after lsing.（教你的孩子直到失败后感到失望是没关系的。）及下文Sme children may be ready t jump back in and play again.Others may need t ask fr a hug，spend a little time alne，r read a bk t calm dwn.（有些孩子可能已经准备好跳回去再玩了。其他人可能需要一个拥抱，花一点时间独处，或者读一本书来平静下来。）D项"有不同的方式来表达这种感觉"承上启下，选项中的that feeling对应上文中的feel disappinted。故选D。
（3）标题归纳题。根据下文Share with yur child that even if they feel upset r disappinted，they can cngratulate thse wh did win.Find meaningful ways t be a gd lser.（告诉你的孩子，即使他们感到沮丧或失望，他们也可以祝贺那些获胜的人。找到有意义的方法来做一个好的失败者。）可知，本段主要讲述了即使自己失败了，也要礼貌地祝贺其他获胜的人，体面地失败，这表达了良好的体育精神。B项"践行良好的体育精神"最能概括本段内容。故选B。
（4）联系上文题。根据上文Talk with children abut luck and chance and let them knw that smetimes yu chse cards that help yu win and smetimes yu dn't.（与孩子们谈论运气和机会，让他们知道有时你会选择有助于你获胜的牌，有时你不会。）讲述了要让孩子知道有的时候输赢是看运气和机会的，所以接下来应讲述运气和机会的好坏并不是个人的问题，F项"这不是你的错，也不能反映你是谁"符合语境。故选F。
（5）联系下文题。根据下文When children are preparing fr a cmpetitin，praise them fr hw hard they wrked.Fcus n effrt even after a cmpetitin ends whether yur child wn r lst.（当孩子们准备比赛时，要表扬他们的努力。即使在比赛结束后，无论你的孩子赢了还是输了，都要关注努力。）讲述了在比赛上后要关注孩子所付出的努力，E项"在一场依赖个人或团队表现的比赛中失利要比基于运气而在一场比赛中失败更难受。"强调了在付出努力的比赛中失败要比因运气不佳而失败会让人更难受，照应小标题中的effrt，且选项中的a game与下文中的a cmpetitin相对应。故选E。
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了几个帮助孩子体面地接受输赢的方式。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、A、D、C、A、B、A、A、C、D、A、C、B、D、B
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.dealing交易，解决；B.playing玩；C.wrking工作；D.cmmunicating 沟通，交流。句意：不远处，一些人正在莱赫河上玩水，其中有一位母亲和两个十几岁的女儿。根据本句"sme peple are（1）_______with water in the Lech river"，应该是在河上玩水，才会掉进河里，playing符合语境。故选B项。
（2）考查副词及语境理解。A.Suddenly突然；B.Secretly秘密地；C.Eventually最后；D.Gradually逐渐地。句意：突然，Blachut听到一声喊叫："有三个人溺水了!"根据本句"Three peple are drwning in the river!"可知，应该是突然间喊起来的，suddenly符合语境。故选A项。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.trembling颤抖；B.wandering漫游，游荡；C.vlunteering自愿；D.struggling挣扎。句意：Blachut看到了不远处的三个女人，她们上下移动着手臂，挣扎着抓住任何能抓住的东西。根据上文"Three peple are drwning in the river!."以及常识可知，人掉到河里后，会下意识的挣扎，struggling符合语境。故选D项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.turns转向；B.hlds把握，保留；C.rushes冲，奔；D.walks散步，行走。句意：尽管没有接受过救生训练，他还是冲到了河边。根据下文" ut dwn t the riverbank."可知，Blachut想去救人，应该是快步冲出去的，rushes符合语境。故选C项。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.clser靠近的，更近的；B.straighter更直的；C.slwer更慢的；D.later较晚的，稍后的。句意：当他靠近它们时，他可以看出这位母亲似乎遇到了最大的麻烦。根据上文"Then he jumps int the river."和下文"he can tell that the mther seems t be in the mst truble."可知，Blachut跳进河里去救人，只有靠近了才能知道这三个人的情况，clser符合语境。故选A项。
（6）考查名词及语境理解。A.anxiety焦虑，忧虑；B.hesitatin犹豫，不情愿；C.dubt怀疑，不确定；D.permissin允许。句意：Blachut毫不犹豫地跳到那个处于危险的女人身下，把她往上推，用尽全力把她拽向岸边。根据前面的"he can tell that the mther seems t be in the mst truble."可知，这位母亲情况最麻烦，所以应该是"毫不犹豫"地，hesitatin符合语境。故选B项。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.dangerus危险的；B.thrilled非常兴奋的，极为激动的；C.disappinted感到失望的；D.scared感到害怕的。句意：Blachut毫不犹豫地跳到那个处于危险的女人身下，把她往上推，用尽全力把她拽向岸边。根据前面的"he can tell that the mther seems t be in the mst truble."可知，这位母亲的情况最麻烦，所以应该是"危险的"，dangerus符合语境。故选A项。
（8）考查名词及语境理解。A.strength力量；B.spirit精神；C.curage勇气；D.pressure压力。句意：Blachut毫不犹豫地跳到那个危险的女人身下，把她往上推，用尽全力把她拽向岸边。根据本句"pushing her upward and using all his（8）_______ t thrw her tward the shre"可知，Blachut要救这位母亲，所以应该是用尽"力气"将她拽向岸边。故选A项。
（9）考查短语及语境理解。A.help帮助；B.train训练；C.rescue营救，援救；D.remve移开，拿开。句意：Blachut知道他需要拯救两个女儿，她们现在在河的下游。根据后面的"He jumps int the current again"可知，Blachut是要"救"这两个女儿，rescue符合语境。故选C项。
（10）考查短语及语境理解。A.take charge f负责，掌管；B.take advantage f利用，占便宜；C.make use f利用；D.get hld f抓紧。句意：他再次跳入水流，迅速游向下游，并设法抓住了一个。根据本句"manages t（10）_______ne"以及常识可知，要救人肯定得"抓着"她，get hld f符合语境。故选D项。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.way方式，手段；B.purpse目的；C.pinin意见，看法；D.situatin情况。句意：他把她推到岸边，就像他对她妈妈做的那样，也能把她弄出来。根据本句"He pushes her tward the shre in the same（11）_______he did t her mther，and is able t get her ut，t."可知，应该是用同样的"方式"将女孩弄上岸，in the same way为固定搭配，表示"以同样的方式"。故选A项。
（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.hmeless无家可归的；B.fearless无谓的，大胆的；C.senseless无意识的；D.wrthless无价值的。句意：Blachut可以看到有人在帮助女孩的妹妹，她已经失去了知觉。根据常识以及后面的"it's n lng befre she cmes back t life again."可知，人落水久了会"失去意识"，senseless符合语境。故选C项。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.physical身体的，物质的；B.medical医学的，医疗的；C.military军事的，军队的；D.technical技术的，专业的，专门的。句意：当他轻轻地放下她时，一个受过医疗训练的旁观者走上前来照顾她。根据本句"a bystander with（13）_______training cmes frward and（14）_______ t her"和"Thankfully，it's n lng befre she cmes back t life again."可知，能让她再活过来，应该是"受过医疗训练"的人在帮忙，medical符合语境。故选B项。
（14）考查动词及语境理解。A.appeals恳求，吸引；B.attaches附加，连接；C.cntributes贡献；D.attends照顾，照料。句意：当他轻轻地放下她时，一个受过医疗训练的旁观者走上前来照顾她。根据本句"a bystander with（13）_______training cmes frward and（14）_______t her"可知，有受过医疗训练的路人照顾她，所以才能很快醒过来，attend t sb为固定搭配，表示"照顾某人"。故选D项。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.describe描述，形容；B.expresses表达；C.explains解释，说明；D.changes改变，变化。句意：事件发生后，人们表达了对Blachut的钦佩之情。根据本句"Peple（15）_______their admiratin fr Blachut fllwing the incident."可知，人们应该是"表达"了对Blachut的钦佩，expresses符合语境。故选B项。
这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了24岁的Paul Blachut在工作时，看到母女三人落水，奋不顾身救人的故事。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅了，用词得当，意思正确。
36.【答案】ppularity
【解析】形容词性物主代词修饰名词，ppular"受欢迎的"，名词形式是ppularity，不可数名词。
故填：ppularity。
足球是一项如此简单的运动，这也许是它受欢迎的基础。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
37.【答案】Having seen
【解析】答案：Having seen.本句的主干部分是I was full f cnfidence，描述过去的状态，前面部分在句子中作状语，应用非谓语动词；动词see与主语I之间为主动关系，且在谓语动作之前已经发生或完成，应用现在分词的完成时having seen，句首单词首字母需大写，故填Having seen.
看过不少《哈姆雷特》的剧作，也把剧本读了很多遍，直到京剧进城，我才信心满满！
做单词填空题，首先要弄清所给句子的意思，分析句子结构确定空白处所需的词性，结合语境做出合乎语法和惯用法的词形变化，最后填写拼写正确的单词。
38.【答案】was using
【解析】根据句意可知，此处是固定句型be ding "正在做某事，这时……"，由时间状语从句的时态可知，此处描述过去正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时，主语是单数，be动词用was。
故填：was using。
妈妈正在用爸爸的手机拍海边五彩缤纷的房子，这时我们看到了令人惊奇的东西——一头虎鲸。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
39.【答案】t welcme
【解析】分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词，此处需要使用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处使用不定式作目的状语。
故填：t welcme。
他还看到数百名兴高采烈的学生前来欢迎他。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
40.【答案】cheaper
【解析】由than可知，此处应用cheap的比较级cheaper，作表语。
故填：cheaper。
或者仅仅是因为自己画画比花钱买模特便宜？
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
41.【答案】making
【解析】分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词此处使用非谓语动词。主语climbing Qmlangma与make之间为主动关系，此处使用现在分词作状语。
故填：making。
对这些人来说，攀登珠穆朗玛峰是一次独一无二的经历，让一些人感到脆弱的同时让另一些人则感到强大。
考查词性转换，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，根据提示确定所填单词词性，然后根据句意并仔细分析句子结构，根据相应的语法知识对所给单词进行正确变形。
42.【答案】as
【解析】see sth as..."视某物为"。固定搭配，符合句意。
故填：as。
他意识到人类才是鲨鱼的威胁，而鲨鱼并非人类的敌人。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
43.【答案】where
【解析】分析句子可知，设空处在句中引导一个限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词distance，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。
故填：where。
在重复这个过程几次之后，他们最终找到了一个理想的距离，既能感到温暖，又不会伤害对方。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
44.【答案】What
【解析】分析句子结构，空处引导一个主语从句，并在从句中作主语，结合表语"that we have an incredible desire t think and create"，这里指"……的事物"，应用连接代词what引导主语从句。
故填：What。
仍然重要的是，我们有一种难以置信的思考和创造的欲望，这是真正的发明精神。
完成句子，要弄清楚各种句子即简单句，并列句和复合句的结构及连接词和句意，然后按要求完成句子。
45.【答案】r
【解析】"无论……还是……"，固定搭配，符合句意。
故填：r。
这些马，无论是在休息还是在行进，都给了他很多灵感。
这类题通常没有中文提示和其他英文提示，需要根据语境和句意完成句子，分析句子成分，使用单词的适当形式，还应注意一些固定搭配、句法的应用。
46.【答案】Dear Ryan，
I was thrilled t hear that yu are interested in learning a traditinal Chinese art frm.I have been studying Chinese calligraphy fr the past few years and I wuld be mre than happy t share my experiences and insights with yu.（写信目的）
My jurney in learning Chinese calligraphy began when I was in high schl.【高分句型一】I was always fascinated by the beauty and elegance f the characters.Calligraphy is nt just abut writing characters，but als abut expressing emtins and capturing the essence f the subject matter，which requires a calm and fcused mind t create each strke with intentin and grace.【高分句型二】（介绍你学习这项艺术的经历）
If yu have any further questins r need mre guidance，please feel free t ask.I am here t supprt yu in yur jurney f learning Chinese calligraphy.（分享你的心得感悟）
Yurs， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：My jurney in learning Chinese calligraphy began when I was in high schl.
译文：我学习中国书法的旅程始于我上高中的时候。
分析：这句话使用了when引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二：Calligraphy is nt just abut writing characters，but als abut expressing emtins and capturing the essence f the subject matter，which requires a calm and fcused mind t create each strke with intentin and grace.
译文：书法不仅仅是书写文字，还需要表达情感和捕捉主题的本质，这需要冷静和专注的头脑来用心和优雅地创作每一笔。
分析：这句话使用了which引导的非限制性定语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，写作时要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
47.【答案】N ne wuld ever think f taking a flashlight t a birthday party."Culd yu use the candles？" I asked and pulled ne candle ut. "Gd idea，" said Cmmander Park，with an excited lk n his face.Mm plucked a candle ff the cake.I plucked anther seven candles and gave them ut s that the ship was dtted with mellw light.【高分句型一】Watching tiny lights mving arund in zer gravity was fun and smewhat cheerful.【高分句型二】 "Ww，" whispered Rebekah. "Lks like fireflies in space，David." It wasn't lng befre Mm had the spaceship's lights wrking again.And that's hw I helped fix the spaceship's lights with lights f my wn.Definitely my mst awesme birthday ever!（作者想到办法用电灯蜡烛给妈妈去检查电源，飞船里闪着电灯蜡烛的场景，妈妈顺利解决电源问题，作者对此的感受）
【解析】本文以事件为线索展开，作者David九岁的生日将非常特别，一是因为这将在太空中度过，之前还没有人这样做过，二是因为作者在拼命练习吹气，希望能吹灭今年所有的生日蜡烛。但是妹妹Rebekah提醒作者蛋糕上不能有蜡烛，因为在宇宙飞船上点火太危险了。虽然作者有些失落，但是他想表现得成熟一些。生日那天，妈妈拿着蛋糕进入餐厅，作者惊讶地发现有蜡烛，妈妈告诉作者这九个蜡烛是电灯。随着作者一口气吹灭所有的蜡烛，船上的灯也都灭了，大家笑起来，妈妈想用借用手电筒去检查电源。
高分句型一
I plucked anther seven candles and gave them ut s that the ship was dtted with mellw light.
翻译：我又拔了七根蜡烛，把它们吹灭了，使船上点缀着柔和的灯光。
分析：使用了s that引导结果状语从句。
高分句型二
Watching tiny lights mving arund in zer gravity was fun and smewhat cheerful.
翻译：看着微小的灯光在零重力下四处移动是一件有趣的事，有点令人愉快。
分析：使用了动名词短语短语Watching tiny lights mving arund in zer gravity作主语。
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。