2022-2023学年山西省运城市高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)

这是一份2022-2023学年山西省运城市高一（下）期末英语试卷(含详细答案解析)，共22页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，单词拼写-单句，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。
A
Over a waterfall in Suthwestern Pennsylvania is a dazzling huse，Fallingwater，by America's mst famus architect，Frank Llyd Wright，in 1935.The instant it was built，it swept the whle cuntry and is recgnized as a Natinal Histric Landmark.Highly recmmended!
Guided Huse Tur
All the majr rms f the huse feature in this ne-hur tur.N phtgraphy all the way.Children six-year-ld and abve can access the huse with their parents.
Adults—＄ 20.00 with advance purchase
—＄ 23.00 when purchased n site
Yuth（ages 6～12）——＄ 14.00 with advance purchase
—＄ 17.00 when purchased n site
Daily frm 10：00 am t 4：00 pm，except Wednesday.
In-Depth Tur
The tur caters t the demand f thse wh desire a greater understanding f what Wright was seeking t create with his masterwrk.The number f visitrs n each tur is limited and phtgraphy is available fr persnal use nly.Children eight years and lder may accmpany adults n this tur.
＄ 65.00 per persn（Available by advance ticket purchase nly）
Daily frm 10：00 am t 4：00 pm.
Sunset Tur
The changing light at sunset prvides yu with Fallingwater frm an entirely new perspective.The number f visitrs is limited and phtgraphy is permitted fr persnal use nly.Children under nine-year-ld are nt permitted n this tur.
＄ 110.00 per persn（Available by advance ticket purchase nly）
July and August — Daily at 4：45 pm.
Brunch Tur
The guests jin their guide fr brunch befre leaving.Children nine years and lder are allwed with their parents.A ttal f three hurs can affrd this experience.
＄ 115.00 per persn（Available by advance ticket purchase nly）
Saturday s &；Sundays at 9：00 am.
1.Hw much will a father and his 7-year-ld by spend if they buy tickets ahead f time fr the Guided Huse Tur？ ______
A. ＄34B. ＄28C. ＄40D. ＄51
2.What can we knw abut Sunset Tur？ ______
A. Visitrs are limited t a certain number.
B. It is nt accessible in August.
C. It is nly pen fr teenagers.
D. The tickets are available n site.
3.What d the fur turs mentined have in cmmn？ ______
A. Taking phts is frbidden.B. Brunch is free f charge.
C. Advance bking is encuraged.D. The price f tickets is the same.
B
Occasinally，life can be impssibly difficult，and it can be hard t keep ging.But yu always have a chice.
In 2012，I gt a call frm my family saying that my father's cancer had fiercely prgressed.He died nly six mnths later.My father was a cmplete inspiratin t me.He was always s strng that I hnestly thught he wuld cme back t life.I culdn't believe I wuld never again hug him.
Shrtly after that，my ldest sister cmplained f a backache.The dctrs discvered that she had highly advanced cancer in her bnes and that there was nthing they culd d.She died a mnth later.She was my favrite persn in the whle wrld.I never thught I wuld have t live withut her.I was vercme by the shck and extreme heartbreak.Then，smething was wrng with my knees and I ended up in the hspital myself.
I remember lying in the hspital bed，lking up at the ceiling and seeing my sister's beautiful face.I realized that night that I had a chice.I culd end my life r I culd live it.I lked in my sister's eyes and decided nt t g with her just yet.I decided t stay and cmplete my jurney here.I als decided that I wuld live the life that I abslutely lnged fr.
I nw live in an adrable cttage with an amazing byfriend.I spend quality time with the rest f my precius family and cherish every mment I have with them.I cnnect with my heart ften t ensure that I am fllwing my jy.I lve myself mre deeply every day.Nt a day ges by when I dn't miss my father's huge character r my belved sister's gentle eyes，but I knw that I will be with them ne day.What I have nw is s precius that I must grasp the jy in every mment I can.
Yu chse life every day.But d yu chse the life that yu lve every day？
4.What did the authr nce suffer frm？ ______
A. A heart attack.B. A backache.C. A knee prblem.D. A bne cancer.
5.Hw shuld the jy in yur life be determined accrding t the passage？ ______
A. By yur career.B. By yur attitude.
C. By yur health.D. By yur family.
6.Which f the fllwing can be used t describe the authr？ ______
A. Lnely but ambitius.B. Miserable but easy-ging.
C. Hpeless but humrus.D. Unlucky but psitive.
7.Which can be the best title f the passage？ ______
A. Escape the FateB. Lve Yur Life
C. Make a LivingD. Remember Every Mment
C
Endangered plar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊), creating "pizzly" bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.
As the wrld warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving plar bears are being frced ever further suth, where they meet grizzlies, whse ranges are expanding nrthwards. And with that grwing cntact between the tw cme increasing hybrids (杂交种).
With characteristics that culd give the hybrids an advantage in warming nrthern habitats, sme scientists guess that they culd be here t stay. "Usually, hybrids aren't better suited t their envirnments than their parents, but these hybrids are able t search fr a brader range f fd surces," Larisa DeSantis, an assciate prfessr f bilgical sciences at Vanderbilt University, tld Live Science.
The rise f "pizzly" bears appears with plar bears' decline: their numbers are estimated t decrease by mre than 30% in the next 30 years. This sudden fall is linked partly t "pizzly" bears taking up plar bears' ranges, where they utcmpete them, but als t plar bears' highly specialized diets.
"Plar bears mainly cnsumed sft fds even during the Medieval Warm Perid, a previus perid f rapid warming," DeSantis said, referring t fat meals such as seals. "Althugh all f these starving plar bears are trying t find alternative fd surces, like seabird eggs, it culd be a tipping pint fr their survival. "Actually, the calries they gain frm these surces d nt balance ut thse they burn frm searching fr them. This culd result in a habitat ready fr the hybrids t mve in and take ver, leading t a lss in bidiversity if plar bears are replaced.
"We're having massive impacts with climate change n species," DeSantis said. "The plar bear is telling us hw bad things are. In sme sense, "pizzly" bears culd be a sad but necessary cmprmise given current warming trends."
8.Why d plar bears mve further suth?
A. T create hybrids.B. T expand territry.
C. T relieve hunger.D. T cntact grizzlies.
9.What makes "pizzly" bears adapt t natural surrundings better than their parents?
A. Brader habitats.B. Mre fd ptins.
C. Climate preference.D. Imprved breeding ability.
10.What des the underlined phrase "a tipping pint" in Paragraph 5 refer t?
A. A rare chance.B. A critical stage.
C. A psitive factr.D. A cnstant change.
11.What's the main idea f the text?
A. Plar bears are changing diets fr climate change.
B. Plar bears have already adjusted t climate change.
C. "Pizzly" bears are n the rise because f glbal warming.
D. "Pizzly" bears have replaced plar bears fr glbal warming.
D
Have yu ever been in mid-cnversatin with smene, when yu lk ver and find them standing in the same psitin as yu r hlding the same facial expressin? It may seem like they have cnsciusly(有意识地) cpied yu, but it is much mre likely that it is the chamelen(变色龙) effect at play.
The chamelen effect is the uncnscius imitatin (模仿) f anther persn's gestures r behaviur. Just as a chamelen attempts t match any envirnment's clurs, peple acquire the behaviur f thers t bring them clser tgether and help make their interactins smth.
The chamelen effect was cnfirmed in an experiment by psychlgists Jhn Bargh and Tanya Chartrand in 1999. The first part f their experiment included 78 peple, wh each spke with an experimenter. During the test, Bargh and Chartrand studied whether participants wuld cpy the actins f smene they hadn't met befre, like mving the ft and tuching the face. The secnd part measured the impact that cpying smene has n the persn being imitated.
In the first stage, participants increased their face tuching by 20% and their ft mvement by 50% while in cnversatin abut a phtgraph with the experimenter. The individuals weren't aware f what they were being studied fr, and the phtgraph was used t catch their attentin t ensure uncnscius acts. The secnd stage invlved half f the participants being cpied, and then rating the likeability f the experimenter. The results shwed that thse wh were imitated scred the experimenter higher. It has shwn that when smene cpies ur behaviur, we develp mre psitive feelings abut them. These interactins culd be a persn uncnsciusly willing t be liked, and frming a mment f cnnectin.
The main reasns behind humans' imitatin are psitive. Hwever, when peple carry this chamelen effect t the extreme, they can lse their sense f self. Thse wh change their entire persnalities in different grups ften g undetected. But mre cmmn signs f the chamelen effect are easier t ntice. Next time yu are in a scial gathering, take a lk arund and yu might just see sme chamelens fr yurself.
12.Why d peple acquire thers' behavir?
A. T match the envirnment's clur.
B. T attract thers' attentin.
C. T establish a cnnectin with thers.
D. T adapt t the surrundings.
13.Hw did the experimenter guarantee participants' uncnscius behavirs?
A. By directing their attentin t a pht.
B. By keeping an eye n their actins.
C. By telling them the purpse f the study.
D. By evaluating the impacts f imitatin.
14.What cnclusin can be drawn frm the experiment?
A. Peple tend t like thse wh imitate their behavir.
B. T much f the chamelen effect can be beneficial.
C. Peple imitating thers are nt easy t be detected.
D. The cpied mvements help peple t feel relaxed.
15.Which f the fllwing shws the chamelen effect accrding t the passage?
A. Students adpt teachers' accents fr fun after class.
B. Peple change their habits t please thers n purpse.
C. A cmedian cpies a celebrity vividly n stage.
D. A husband and his wife share similar behaviurs ver time.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。
Sprts can help cntribute t a healthy bdy and get yu clse t nature.Hwever，whether yu are n the muntains，in the waves，r n the grassland，yu shuld be aware that yur sprt f chice might have great impact n the envirnment.
（ 1） ______ Glf，as yu may knw，eats up nt nly large areas f cuntryside，but als tns f water.Besides，all srts f chemicals and huge amunts f energy are used t keep its curses（球场） in gd cnditin.（2） ______ Fr example，in the dry regins f Prtugal and Spain，glf is ften held，respnsible fr serius water shrtage in sme lcal areas.
There are many envirnment-friendly sprts.（3） ______ Yu dn't need any special equipment except a gd pair f shes；and yu dn't have t wrry abut resurces and yur purse.Simple and free，it can als keep yu fit.（4） ______ Experts say that 20 minutes daily can make yu feel less anxius，sleep well and have better weight cntrl.
Whatever sprt yu take up，yu can make it greener by using envirnment-friendly equipment and buying prducts made frm recycled materials.But the final gal shuld be "green gyms".They are better replacements fr traditinal health clubs and mdern sprts centers.Members f green gyms play sprts utdrs，in the cuntryside r ther pen spaces.（5） ______ And best f all，it's free.
A.It will cst yu a lt.
B.Sme sprts are resurce-hungry.
C.This causes majr envirnmental effects.
D.Pwer walking is ne f them that yu culd take up tday.
E.There is n special requirement fr yu t start yur membership.
F.If yu walk n a regular basis，it will benefit yur heart and bnes.
G.Mre and mre peple are cncerned abut envirnmental prtectin
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。
In many ways，Gitanjali Ra is an rdinary 11-year-ld，lively and chatty，yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference.Last mnth，she （1） ______ the tp prize at the Discvery Educatin 3 M Yung Scientist Challenge fr her inventin.
What（2） ______ Gitanjali's wrk was that her city faced a water emergency with t much lead in its water. "The idea didn't ccur t me（3） ______ I saw my parents try t d water tests.The test strips may shw inaccurate results，which weren't very（4） ______ ， " she recalls.She then searched fr suitable materials with cntinued effrts and（5） ______ fund that carbn nantube （纳米管） sensrs can be used t sense chemicals.Gitanjali （6） ______ t build a small blue hse using the 3 D printer at her schl with cmputer chips and a battery inside.A free app，which Gitanjali designed under（7） ______ frm her cmputer science teacher，gives instant results and sends the data t a linked phne thrugh an attached device.
The prcess f designing her prject wasn't always（8） ______ ， thugh.Kathleen Shafer，a scientist paired with Gitanjali（9） ______ her teacher in summer，（10） ______ alng the way.In the award ceremny，Gitanjali als expressed（11） ______ t her parents fr cnstant supprt and（12） ______ t try "crazy ideas".Gitanjali received ＄25，000 t further develp her prgram alng with the great（13） ______ f winning the cntest.Accrding t Shafer，wh（14） ______ Gitanjali， "she shws a lt f mtivatin t slve（15） ______ issues thrugh science".
21.A. fferedB. earnedC. designedD. presented
22.A. expsedB. imprvedC. inspiredD. defined
23.A. whenB. untilC. afterD. althugh
24.A. reliableB. disappintingC. predictableD. unbelievable
25.A. initiallyB. immediatelyC. temprarilyD. eventually
26.A. pretendedB. prmisedC. managedD. happened
27.A. pressureB. cmmandC. instructinD. cntrl
28.A. rughB. smthC. cmplexD. challenging
29.A. asB. tC. frmD. after
30.A. applaudedB. assistedC. criticisedD. fllwed
31.A. gratitudeB. praiseC. cncernD. aplgy
32.A. threatB. requestC. struggleD. encuragement
33.A. hnrB. intentinC. ptentialD. annuncement
34.A. keeps up withB. gets alng withC. speaks ill fD. thinks much f
35.A. cmmercialB. academicC. practicalD. systematic
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
36.
五、单词拼写-单句：本大题共10小题，共15分。
37.I was just ______ really，because I was s angry.（发泄怒火）（根据汉语提示完成句子）
38.We played well，but I felt the team ______ （使失望） by ne member，ur pint guard.（根据汉语提示完成句子）
39.______ can we justify telling white lies like these？（到……程度）（根据汉语提示完成句子）
40.______ ，there was sky where the rf had been.（突然）（根据汉语提示完成句子）
41.______ my newspaper，I'm shcked by phts shwing that a hurricane in Asia has destryed a twn.（翻阅，浏览）（根据汉语提示完成句子）
42.Tday，ver 800，000 peple in 16 cuntries acrss Africa have ______ the life-changing gift f clean，safe water. （从……获益）（根据汉语提示完成句子）
43.He established an ffice t ______ （记录） the children，and then returned t Britain t find temprary hmes fr them. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
44.Franklin has taught us that scientific experiments are imprtant in rder t ______ （证实真相） and t cntribute twards later scientific discveries and inventins. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
45.Thse wh saw Han Gan's hrse paintings all ______ （高度赞扬） his unique skill，saying that his hrses "culd gallp ff the paper". （根据汉语提示完成句子）
46.It is still nw knwn if he ______ the tp f Qmlangma befre it tk his life.（成功到达reach）（根据汉语提示完成句子）
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
47."SAI BABA!Sai Baba!Sai Baba!Hahahaha!"
"Tday is a big day!We have a celebrity visiting ur city!Hahahaha!" Rani's cheeks burned with embarrassment and tears filled her eyes as she pushed her way t the dr f the schl bus thrugh the crwd f bys laughing at her.It wasn't the first time she'd been called Sai Baba after the famus Hindu hly man（印度圣人） with his trademark afr（爆炸式卷发） twering ver his head.
But this time had t be the wrst.Rani jumped ff the schl bus，and anger flded in as she rushed hme in the drizzling rain.Why did her hair have t be like a giant cttn candy balln just when she wanted it t behave？Why？Why？Why？It annyed Rani as she pened the dr.
"Rani，is that yu？" Mama called frm the family rm.Suddenly Rani's cusins，Amit and Sumit，came running tward her. "Hw many eggs des Rani have in that ne st n her head？" jked Amit. "Let me get that wig（假发） ff Rani's head!" shuted Sumit.Befre she culd think，Rani turned arund and went ut back up the rad she'd walked dwn minutes befre.She made her way dwn a narrw mud path int a clearing（空地）.She threw her schlbag n the grund and breathed hard.
"I hate my hair!" she cried.Thrwing herself n the schlbag，she bitterly remembered the time she'd spent trying t smth her hair，with n luck.Befre lng，she fell asleep.
"RANI!RAA-AANI!"
Rani wke up t Mama's calls.She sunded anxius. "I'll never g hme，" she prmised herself.Mama let Amit and Sumit make fun f me.Papa wuld never have dne that.He wuld listen t me and stand by my side.Befre she knew it，the darkness began t fall.
（1）续写词数应为150左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1：Suddenly，smene r smething was making its way int the clearing.
Paragraph 2：The next mment Papa was sitting beside her.
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、A、C
【解析】（1）数字计算题。根据Guided Huse Tur部分Adults—＄ 20.00 with advance purchase（成人——提前购买，20美元）和 Yuth（ages 6～12）——＄ 14.00 with advance purchase （青年（6～12岁）——提前购买，14美元）可知，提前购买的话，父亲是成年人，需要20美元，7岁的男孩需要14美元，总共34美元。故选A。
（2）推理判断题。根据Sunset Tur部分The number f visitrs is limited （参观人数有限）可知，在日落旅行中，参观人数是有限制的。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据Guided Huse Tur部分Adults—＄ 20.00 with advance purchase；—＄ 23.00 when purchased n site.Yuth（ages 6～12）——＄ 14.00 with advance purchase；—＄ 17.00 when purchased n site （成人——提前购买，20美元；现场购买时为23.00美元。青年（6～12岁）——提前购买，14美元；现场购买时17美元），In-Depth Tur部分＄ 65.00 per persn（Available by advance ticket purchase nly）（ 65美元/人（仅限提前购票）），Sunset Tur部分＄ 110.00 per persn（Available by advance ticket purchase nly）（ 110美元/人（仅限提前购票）），和Brunch Tur部分＄ 115 per persn（Available by advance ticket purchase nly）（ 115美元/人（仅限提前购票））可知，这四个旅行提前订票的价格便宜，所以都鼓励提前订票。A．Taking phts is frbidden.禁止拍照；B．Brunch is free f charge.早午餐是免费的；C．Advance bking is encuraged.鼓励提前订票；D．The price f tickets is the same.票价是一样的。故选C。
本文是应用文。本文主要介绍美国最著名的建筑师弗兰克•劳埃德•赖特（Frank Llyd Wright）在宾夕法尼亚州西南部的瀑布上建造了一座名为Fallingwater的令人眼花缭乱的房子，在那里有四个旅行安排。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
4~7.【答案】C、B、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段Then，smething was wrng with my knees and I ended up in the hspital myself. （然后，我的膝盖出了问题，我自己也住进了医院。）可知，作者的膝盖曾经出了问题。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第四段I realized that night that I had a chice.I culd end my life r I culd live it.I lked in my sister's eyes and decided nt t g with her just yet.I decided t stay and cmplete my jurney here.I als decided that I wuld live the life that I abslutely lnged fr. （那天晚上我意识到我有一个选择。我可以结束我的生命，也可以活下去。我看着姐姐的眼睛，决定暂时不和她一起去。我决定留下来，在这里完成我的旅程。我还决定，我会过上我绝对渴望的生活。）可知，在作者看来，态度决定生活。故选B。
（3）观点态度题。根据第二段In 2012，I gt a call frm my family saying that my father's cancer had fiercely prgressed.He died nly six mnths later.My father was a cmplete inspiratin t me.He was always s strng that I hnestly thught he wuld cme back t life.I culdn't believe I wuld never again hug him. （2012年，我接到家人的电话，说我父亲的癌症病情严重恶化。仅仅六个月后他就去世了。我的父亲给了我很大的启发。他总是那么坚强，我真的以为他会复活的。我不敢相信我再也不能拥抱他了。）和第三段Shrtly after that，my ldest sister cmplained f a backache.The dctrs discvered that she had highly advanced cancer in her bnes and that there was nthing they culd d.She died a mnth later.She was my favrite persn in the whle wrld.I never thught I wuld have t live withut her.I was vercme by the shck and extreme heartbreak.Then，smething was wrng with my knees and I ended up in the hspital myself. （不久之后，我的姐姐抱怨背痛。医生发现她骨骼中患有晚期癌症，他们无能为力。一个月后，她去世了。她是全世界我最喜欢的人。我从没想过没有她我会活下去。我被震惊和极度的心碎所压倒。然后，我的膝盖出了问题，我自己也住进了医院。）可知，作者很不幸。根据第四段I realized that night that I had a chice.I culd end my life r I culd live it.I lked in my sister's eyes and decided nt t g with her just yet.I decided t stay and cmplete my jurney here.I als decided that I wuld live the life that I abslutely lnged fr. （那天晚上我意识到我有一个选择。我可以结束我的生命，也可以活下去。我看着姐姐的眼睛，决定暂时不和她一起去。我决定留下来，在这里完成我的旅程。我还决定，我会过上我绝对渴望的生活。）可知，作者在经历过伤痛之后仍然积极乐观地生活。A．Lnely but ambitius.孤独却雄心勃勃的；B．Miserable but easy-ging.悲惨但随和的；C．Hpeless but humrus.不可救药但很幽默的；D．Unlucky but psitive.不幸但积极的。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据最后一段Yu chse life every day.But d yu chse the life that yu lve every day？（你每天都在选择生活。但是你会选择你每天都热爱的生活吗？）可知，这篇文章作者想要表达的意思是要热爱生活。故选 B。
本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述作者的父亲和姐姐相继离去，给她带来了巨大的打击。但她从痛苦中挣扎过来，对生活有了新的认识，并决心要好好享受生活中的每一点快乐，珍惜生活中的每分每秒。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】C、B、B、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。
1. 根据第二段As the wrld warms and Arctic sea ice thins, starving plar bears are being frced ever further suth, where they meet grizzlies, whse ranges are expanding nrthwards.（随着世界变暖和北极海冰变薄，饥饿的北极熊被迫越来越向南，在那里它们遇到灰熊，灰熊的活动范围正在向北扩展。）可知北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。故选C。
2. 根据第三段"Usually, hybrids aren't better suited t their envirnments than their parents, but these hybrids are able t search fr a brader range f fd surces," Larisa DeSantis, an assciate prfessr f bilgical sciences at Vanderbilt University, tld Live Science.（范德比尔特大学（Vanderbilt University）生物科学副教授拉里萨•德桑蒂斯（Larisa DeSantis）对《生活科学》（Live Science）说：“通常情况下，杂交种并不比它们的父母更适合它们的环境，但这些杂交种能够寻找更广泛的食物来源。”）可知更多的食物选择让“小灰熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。故选B。
3. 根据倒数第二段划线词后文Actually, the calries they gain frm these surces d nt balance ut thse they burn frm searching fr them.（事实上，他们从这些来源获得的热量并不能抵消他们在寻找这些来源时燃烧的热量。）及下一句This culd result in a habitat ready fr the hybrids t mve in and take ver, leading t a lss in bidiversity if plar bears are replaced.（这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。）可知，无法找到食物来源，北极熊很可能被灰熊取代，处于生存的关键点。划线句Althugh all f these starving plar bears are trying t find alternative fd surces, like seabird eggs, it culd be a tipping pint fr their survival.（尽管所有这些饥饿的北极熊都在努力寻找其他食物来源，比如海鸟蛋，但这可能是它们生存的转折点。）be a tipping pint转折点，相当于A critical stage（关键阶段）A.A rare chance.难得的机会；B.A critical stage.关键阶段；C.A psitive factr.一个积极因素；D.A cnstant change.不断的变化。故选B。
4. 根据第一段Endangered plar bears are breeding (繁殖) with grizzly bears (灰熊), creating "pizzly" bears, which is being driven by climate change, scientists say.（科学家称，受气候变化的驱动，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创造出“小灰熊”。）和倒数第二段This culd result in a habitat ready fr the hybrids t mve in and take ver, leading t a lss in bidiversity if plar bears are replaced.（这可能会导致一个栖息地准备好让杂交熊迁入并接管，如果北极熊被取代，将导致生物多样性的损失。）以及文章大意，可知由于全球变暖，“小灰熊”的数量正在上升。故选C。
12~15.【答案】C、A、A、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于变色龙效应的研究，告诉我们人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，顺畅互动。
1.
根据第二段内容（变色龙效应是指无意识地模仿他人的手势或行为。就像变色龙试图与任何环境的颜色相匹配一样，人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，帮助他们顺畅地互动。）可知，人们为了与他人建立联系，会习得他人的行为。故选C。
2.
根据第四段中的In the first the phtgraph was used t catch their attentin t ensure uncnscius acts.（在第一阶段，参与者在与实验者谈论一张照片时，触摸脸部的次数增加了20%，脚的动作增加了50%。这些人并不知道他们被研究的目的是什么，照片被用来吸引他们的注意力，以确保他们无意识的行为。）可知，实验者用一张照片吸引参与者的注意力来保证他们的无意识行为。故选A。
3.
根据第四段中的It has shwn that when smene cpies ur behaviur, we develp mre psitive feelings abut them. These interactins culd be a persn uncnsciusly willing t be liked, and frming a mment f cnnectin.（研究表明，当有人模仿我们的行为时，我们会对他们产生更积极的感觉。这些互动可能是一个人无意识地愿意被喜欢，并形成了一个连接的时刻。）可知，实验表明人们倾向于喜欢模仿自己行为的人。故选A。
4.
根据第二段内容（变色龙效应是指无意识地模仿他人的手势或行为。就像变色龙试图与任何环境的颜色相匹配一样，人们通过习得他人的行为来拉近彼此之间的距离，帮助他们顺畅地互动。）可知，随着时间的推移，丈夫和妻子有相似的行为是变色龙行为，是因为他们经常在一起相处无意识的互相模仿。故选D。
16~20.【答案】B、C、D、F、E
【解析】（1）联系下文题。根据下文Glf，as yu may knw，eats up nt nly large areas f cuntryside，but als tns f water.（你可能知道，高尔夫不仅会消耗大片的乡村地区，还会消耗大量的水资源。）以高尔夫这项运动为例来说明有些运动消耗资源，B项"有些运动是资源消耗型的。"符合，引起下文，故选B。
（2）联系上文题。根据上文Besides，all srts f chemicals and huge amunts f energy are used t keep its curses（球场） in gd cnditin.（此外，各种各样的化学药品和巨大的能源被用来保持良好的状态。）指出各种各样的化学药品和巨大的能源被用来保持良好的状态，空处承接上文，指出这样做的后果，C项"这会对环境造成重大影响。"符合，故选C。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文There are many envirnment-friendly sprts（有许多环保运动）指出有许多环保运动，空处承接上文，D项"竞走是你今天可以从事的项目之一。"指出竞走是环保运动之一，故选D。
（4）语境衔接题。根据上文Simple and free，it can als keep yu fit.（简单，免费，它也可以让你保持健康。）指出竞走的好处，下文Experts say that 20 minutes daily can make yu feel less anxius，sleep well and have better weight cntrl.（专家说，每天20分钟可以让你感觉不那么焦虑，睡眠良好，并有更好的体重控制。）指出每天有规律的竞走的好处，F项"如果你经常走路，对你的心脏和骨骼都有好处。"符合，故选F。
（5）语境衔接题。根据上文But the final gal shuld be "green gyms".They are better replacements fr traditinal health clubs and mdern sprts centers.Members f green gyms play sprts utdrs，in the cuntryside r ther pen spaces.（但最终目标应该是"绿色健身房"。它们是传统健身俱乐部和现代体育中心的更好替代品。绿色健身房的成员在户外、乡村或其他开放空间进行体育运动。）和下文And best f all，it's free.（最棒的是，它是免费的。）都在说绿色健身房的好处，由此可知，空处也应描述绿色健身房的好处，E项"开始成为会员并没有特别的要求。"符合，故选E。
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一些影响环境的娱乐项目，以及对环境影响较小的运动项目，最后鼓励人们参加那些环保型，耗费资源少的项目来保护环境。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】B、C、B、A、D、C、C、B、A、B、A、D、A、D、C
【解析】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.ffered提供；B.earned获得；C.designed设计；D.presented提出。句意：上个月，她的发明获得了探索教育3 M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。根据下文"Gitanjali received ＄25，000 t further develp her prgram alng with the great（13）f winning the cntest."可知，她的发明获了比赛的最高奖。故选B。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.expsed暴露；B.imprved改进；C.inspired启发；D.defined定义。句意：启发Gitanjali创作灵感的是，她所在的城市面临着水铅超标的紧急情况。根据下文"her city faced a water emergency with t much lead in its water"可知，她所在的城市面临着水铅超标的紧急情况，因此这种情况启发了Gitanjali的创作灵感，要做出一个东西来解决这个问题。故选C。
（3）考查连接词及语境理解。A.when何时；B.until直到；C.after在……之后；D.althugh虽然。句意：直到我看到父母试着做水测试，我才有了这个想法。根据上文"didn't"和下文"I saw my parents try t d water tests"可推知，until"直到"符合语境，和nt搭配构成nt…until…的固定结构，意为"直到……才……"，此处表示Gitanjali是直到看到父母试着做水测试，才有了这个想法的。故选B。
（4）考查形容词及语境理解。A.reliable可靠的；B.disappinting令人失望的；C.predictable可预测的；D.unbelievable难以置信的。句意：试纸可能会显示不准确的结果，这不是很可靠。根据上文"The test strips may shw inaccurate results"可知，试纸可能显示不准确的结果，因此不是很可靠。故选A。
（5）考查副词及语境理解。A.initially最初；B.immediately立即；C.temprarily暂时；D.eventually最终。句意：然后，她不断努力寻找合适的材料，最终发现碳纳米管传感器可以用来感知化学物质。根据上文"She then searched fr suitable materials with cntinued effrts"可知，她不断努力寻找合适的材料，因此是最终才发现了碳纳米管传感器这种合适的材料。故选D。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.pretended假装；B.prmised答应；C.managed设法做成；D.happened发生。句意：Gitanjali用学校的3 D打印机成功制作了一个蓝色的小软管，里面有电脑芯片和电池。根据上文Gitanjali的发明获得了比赛的最高奖可推知，她应该是成功制作出了产品，manage t d sth.是固定短语，意为"成功做到……"。故选C。
（7）考查名词及语境理解。A.pressure压力；B.cmmand命令；C.instructin指导；D.cntrl控制。句意：Gitanjali在她的计算机科学老师的指导下设计了一个免费的应用程序，它可以即时给出结果，并通过一个附加设备将数据发送到一个连接的手机上。根据下文"her cmputer science teacher"和常识可推知，Gitanjali这样的11岁的女孩，应该是在计算机科学老师的指导下设计程序。故选C。
（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.rugh粗糙的；B.smth顺利的；C.cmplex复杂的；D.challenging有挑战性的。句意：不过，设计项目的过程并不总是一帆风顺。根据下文"thugh"可知，此处语义有转折，因此过程应该并不总是一帆风顺的。故选B。
（9）考查介词及语境理解。A.as作为；B.t到；C.frm从；D.after在……之后。句意：作为Gitanjali暑期的搭档老师，科学家Kathleen Shafer一直在帮助她。根据上文"a scientist"和下文"her teacher in summer"可推知，科学家Kathleen Shafer应该是作为Gitanjali暑期的搭档老师。故选A。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.applauded鼓掌；B.assisted帮助；C.criticised批评；D.fllwed跟随。句意：科学家Kathleen Shafer是Gitanjali暑期的搭档老师，她一直在帮助她。根据上文"a scientist paired with Gitanjali（9）her teacher in summer"可推知，科学家Kathleen是Gitanjali的搭档老师，因此应该是一直在帮助Gitanjali。故选B。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.gratitude感恩；B.praise赞美；C.cncern关心；D.aplgy道歉。句意：在颁奖典礼上，Gitanjali还感恩了她的父母一直支持和鼓励她尝试"疯狂的想法"。根据下文"fr cnstant supprt and（12）t try "crazy ideas""可知，Gitanjali的父母一直支持着她做发明，因此是感恩她的父母。故选A。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.threat威胁；B.request请求；C.struggle奋斗；D.encuragement鼓励。句意：在颁奖典礼上，Gitanjali还感恩了她的父母一直支持和鼓励她尝试"疯狂的想法"。根据上文"cnstant supprt"和下文"t try "crazy ideas""可知，encuragement"鼓励"符合语境，表示父母支持Gitanjali，还鼓励她尝试"疯狂的想法"。故选D。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.hnr荣誉；B.intentin意图；C.ptential潜力；D.annuncement公告。句意：Gitanjali获得了2.5万美元，用于进一步发展她的项目，并获得了赢得比赛的巨大荣誉。根据下文"f winning the cntest"可推知，应该是除了获得奖金还有赢得了比赛的巨大荣誉。故选A。
（14）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.keeps up with跟上；B.gets alng with与……相处融洽；C.speaks ill f说……的坏话；D.thinks much f高度评价。句意：Shafer给予了Gitanjali高度评价，她说："她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的极大动力。"根据下文"she shws a lt f mtivatin t slve（15）issues thrugh science"可推知，Shafer对Gitanjal的评价很高。故选D。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.cmmercial商业的；B.academic学术的；C.practical实际的；D.systematic系统的。句意：Shafer给予了Gitanjali高度评价，她说："她表现出了通过科学解决实际问题的极大动力。"根据上文"her city faced a water emergency with t much lead in its water"可知，Gitanjal的发明针对的是水铅超标的问题，因此是解决实际的问题。故选C。
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报导了11岁的普通女孩Gitanjali不平凡的故事，她发明出检测水中铅含量的设备，获得探索教育3 M青年科学家挑战赛的最高奖。
近几年高考试题中的完形填空有新的变化，试题所涉及的知识面不断拓宽，综合难度不断提高。做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。选择答案时，要考虑整个句子的内容，包括搭配、时态、语法等。答案全填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。
36~45.【答案】
【解析】
37.【答案】letting ff steam
【解析】"发泄怒火"是固定短语let ff steam，由was可知，句子时态是过去进行时，空格处用现在分词。
故填：letting ff steam。
我只是在发泄，因为我太生气了。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
38.【答案】were let dwn
【解析】let sb.dwn意为"使某人失望"。分析句子可知，the team是主语，因此空处要作谓语，时态为一般过去时；再结合句意及空处后的介词by可知，空处应用被动语态，故空处应填一般过去时的被动语态结构。team为集合名词，此处指的是团队里的队员，表示复数意义，故谓语动词用复数形式。
故填：were let dwn。
我们打得很好，但是我觉得球队被一个成员辜负了，我们的控球后卫。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
39.【答案】T what extent
【解析】分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查表示"到……程度"对应的介词短语，句子是特殊疑问句，表示"什么"的意思用疑问代词what。
故填：T what extent。
我们能在多大程度上证明说这些善意的谎言是正当的？
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
40.【答案】Suddenly
【解析】根据括号内词义，"突然"可译为suddenly，副词作状语，句首单词首字母大写。
故填：Suddenly。
突然间，屋顶原来的地方出现了天空。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
41.【答案】Lking thrugh
【解析】"翻阅，浏览"是固定短语lk thrugh，句中谓语是am，空格处用非谓语动词，I和lk thrugh之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词短语作状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写。
故填：Lking thrugh。
翻阅报纸时，我被亚洲一场飓风摧毁了一座城镇的照片震惊了。
考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
42.【答案】benefited frm
【解析】根据括号内词义，"从……获益"可译为benefit frm，分析句子可知，此处在句中作谓语，根据Tday和have及语境可知，应用现在完成时。
故填：benefited frm。
今天，非洲16个国家的80多万人受益于清洁、安全的水这一改变生活的礼物。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
43.【答案】keep recrds f
【解析】根据汉语提示"记录"以及空前的不定式符号t可知，此处应填keep recrds f，t keep recrds f 在句中作目的状语。
故填：keep recrds f。
他建立了一个办事处，记录孩子们的信息，然后回到英国为他们寻找寄养家庭。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
44.【答案】establish the truth
【解析】根据汉语提示"证实真相"以及上文in rder t可知，此处应填establish the truth作目的状语，establish意为"确定，证实"，truth意为"真相"。
故填：establish the truth。
富兰克林与许多其他科学家一道，激励并教导我们科学实验对于推定真理与推动科学发现及发明而言都至关重要。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
45.【答案】sang high praises fr
【解析】表示"高度赞扬"应用动词短语sing high praises fr，结合"saw"可知，此处使用一般过去时。
故填：sang high praises fr。
那些看见过韩干画的马的人都为他独特的技艺高度赞扬，说他的马"可以从纸上飞奔而出"。
做这类题型，首先根据所给汉语明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写，再结合相关语法知识对单词或短语做出形式上的变化。
46.【答案】succeeded in reaching
【解析】根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为动词短语succeed in ding"成功做某事"，满足句意要求，表示"到达"为动词reach，此处为动名词形式；结合befre引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，所以主句也应该用一般过去时。
故填：succeeded in reaching。
现在还不知道他是否在被夺去生命之前成功登顶珠峰。
考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
47.【答案】Suddenly，smene r smething was making its way int the clearing.Rani frze.She knew abut the dangerus animals——the fxes and snakes and even man-eater lepards——that lurked in the lush jungles.【高分句型一】A shiver went dwn her spine.Hugging herself clse，she cruched lwer，nt daring t mve a muscle.Tiny night bugs bit int her sft flesh and hunger pangs wracked her belly.Rani was trtured by such a disastrus day!She held her breath as the rustling grew luder，her eyes scanning the bushes frantically.【高分句型二】Suddenly，the thick leaves parted，and a dark frm stepped int the clearing.Rani's heart leaping with fear，she pened her muth t scream.（具体是什么出现了）
The next mment Papa was sitting beside her.Relief and jy flded thrugh Rani.She flung her arms arund Papa and clung t him. "Rani!What's wrng？" a visibly relieved Papa asked.Rani hesitated at first but then brke dwn in tears， "I hate my hair!" She pured ut everything abut teasing. "And that's nt all，" Rani sbbed. "Mama even let Amit and Sumit get away with it." Papa sighed，strked her disheveled hair and planted a sft kiss n her frehead. "I knw it's tugh being teased by thse kids，but yu can't let it get t yu.Lk，yu are beautiful just the way yu are!" Papa said.Tgether，they sat in silence fr a while，until Rani's tears dried up and she felt ready t face the wrld again.（爸爸帮助Rani走出了心理的"困境"）
【解析】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述小女孩Rani因为她的头发，经常被人欺负笑话。有一天终于忍无可忍，被嘲笑后，她逃到一个隐蔽的地方躲避并思考自己的问题。最终，在父亲的帮助下，她对自己有了全新的认识，走出了心理的"困境"。
高分句型一：She knew abut the dangerus animals——the fxes and snakes and even man-eater lepards——that lurked in the lush jungles.
翻译：她知道潜伏在郁郁葱葱的丛林中的危险动物——狐狸、蛇，甚至食人豹。
分析：本句使用了由that引导的定语从句。
高分句型二：She held her breath as the rustling grew luder，her eyes scanning the bushes frantically.
翻译：随着沙沙声越来越大，她屏住了呼吸，眼睛疯狂地扫视着灌木丛。
分析：本句使用了由as引导的时间状语从句和独立主格结构。
解题方法点拨
（1）品读原文，确定文章线索
每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。