专题17 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“推理判断”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习

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【近年高考考情】
题型一：数据推断题
考例1：（2023新高考I卷A篇）22题
考例2：（2023浙江1月卷A篇）23题
题型二：意图推断题
考例3：（2023新高考I卷B篇）28题
考例4：（2023浙江1月卷D篇）33题
题型三：态度推断题
考例5：（2023新高考I卷D篇）35题
考例6：（2023全国甲卷D篇）35题
题型四：预测下段题
考例7：（2023全国乙卷C篇）31题
题型五：推断出处题
考例8：（2022新高考I卷A篇）21题
考例9：（2023全国乙卷D篇）35题
题型六：文体推断题
考例10：（2022浙江1月卷B篇）26题
题型七：活动评价题
考例11：（2023新高考II卷B篇）26题
考例12：（2023全国乙卷B篇）27题
【实用解题妙招】
一、推理判断题解题三步曲
1.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
2.字面理解：理解相关信息点字面意义。
3.深层理解：进而理解作者的言外之意。
二、推理判断题干扰项特征
1.曲解文意
推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，使其看似表达了文章的意思，其实是对原文意思的曲解
2.张冠李戴
题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点：题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。
3.偷梁换柱
干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相以的型结构和单司，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单司，造成句子意思的改变。
4.无中生有
这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生话常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。
5.鱼目混珠
这种类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类式题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体含义。
6.扩缩范围。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。
题型一：数据推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，弄清来龙去脉，进行加减乘数基本运算
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例1：（2023新高考I卷A篇）22题
Bike Rental & Guided Turs
Prices
22. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
22.数据推断题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
考例2：（2023浙江1月卷A篇）23题
Explrers Camp
•Full day camp fr kids aged 5-13.
•Mnday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
•Register fr a single week r multiple weeks.
•Fees: $365 per week.
•The last day t cancel registratin and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
Camp Structure
The day is divided int tw thematic sessins per age grup. Campers have a three-hur mrning class engaging with a mrning theme (9am t 12 nn) and a ne-hur lunch break, fllwed by anther three-hur class engaging with an afternn theme (1pm t 4pm). Snack perids are held thrughut the day. All campers shuld bring their wn bagged lunch and snacks.
23. Hw many hurs f class will yu have altgether if yu register fr a single week?
A. 15.B. 21.C. 30.D. 42.
23.细节理解题。根据“•Mnday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，上午9点至下午4点)”可知，每周安排5天的活动。根据Camp Structure部分中的“Campers have a three-hur mrning class engaging with a mrning theme (9am t 12 nn) and a ne-hur lunch break, fllwed by anther three-hur class engaging with an afternn theme (1pm t 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午1点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。
题型二：意图推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例3：（2023新高考I卷B篇）28题
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
T d s, I divided the bk int tw parts. In part ne, I describe the philsphical fundatins f digital minimalism, starting with an examinatin f the frces that are making s many peple’s digital lives increasingly intlerable, befre mving n t a detailed discussin f the digital minimalism philsphy.
28. What is the bk aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills.
B. Advcating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Slving philsphical prblems.
D. Prmting the use f a digital device.
28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism, including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks, and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
考例4：（2023浙江1月卷D篇）33题
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment (InSPIRE) prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs (传粉昆虫).
33. What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A. Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B. Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C. Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D. Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
题型三：态度推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：留意积累表示肯定、否定、客观等态度类高频词汇备用
第四步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例5：（2023新高考I卷D篇）35题
In a fllw-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried t get a better sense f what the grup members actually did in their discussin. Did they tend t g with thse mst cnfident abut their estimates? Did they fllw thse least willing t change their minds? This happened sme f the time, but it wasn’t the dminant respnse. Mst frequently, the grups reprted that they “shared arguments and reasned tgether.” Smehw, these arguments and reasning resulted in a glbal reductin in errr. Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.
35. What is the authr’s attitude tward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear.
B. Dismissive.
C. Dubtful.
D. Apprving.
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Althugh the studies led by Navajas have limitatins and many questins remain, the ptential implicatins fr grup discussin and decisin-making are enrmus.(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。dismissive a.不屑一顾的；轻蔑的；apprving a. 支持的；赞成的。
考例6：（2023全国甲卷D篇）35题
He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr. Weiner enters int cnversatin with sme f the mst imprtant philsphers in histry, and he becmes part f that crwd in the prcess by decding (解读) their messages and adding his wn interpretatin.
The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. The invitatin is clear: Weiner wants yu t pick up a cffee r tea and sit dwn with this bk. I encurage yu t take his ffer. It’s wrth yur time, even if time is smething we dn’t have a lt f.
31. What des the authr think f Weiners bk?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitius.
C. Serius and hard t fllw.
D. Humrus and straightfrward.
31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philsphical thught an appealing exercise that imprves the quality f ur experiences, and he des s with plenty f humr.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Scrates Express is a fun, sharp bk that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thughts n desire, lneliness, and aging. (The Scrates Express是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
题型四：预测下段题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文最后一段（句），圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
题型四：预测下段题
考例7：（2023全国乙卷C篇）31题
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
31. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.
B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies f big eaters.
31.推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
题型五：推断出处题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例8：（2022新高考I卷A篇）21题
Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Belw 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade fr this curse: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Grup Assignments (30%)
Students will wrk in grups t cmplete fur assignments (作业) during the curse. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.
Daily Wrk/In-Class Writings and Tests/Grup Wrk/Hmewrk (10%)
…
Late Wrk
…
21. Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A. A textbk.B. An exam paper.C. A curse plan.D. An academic article.
21. C。推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。根据文章标题“Grading Plicies fr Intrductin t Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Yur fur majr essays will cmbine t frm the main part f the grade f fr this curse (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。
考例9：（2023全国乙卷D篇）35题
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
…
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
35. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the Wrld
B. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 Objects
D. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
35.推理判断题。本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。根据文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
题型六：文体推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
新闻报道类文章(a news reprt)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。
图书评论类文章(a bk review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
题型六：文体推断题
考例10：（2022浙江1月卷B篇）26题
The United States rse t glbal pwer n the strength f its technlgy, and the lifebld that technlgy has lng been electricity. By prviding lng-distance cmmunicatin and energy, electricity created the mdem wrld. Yet prperly understd, the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century earlier.
"It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins." writes Maury Klein in his bk The Pwer Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Mdem America. Klein, a nted histrian f technlgy, spins a narrative s lively that at times it reads like a nvel.
The stry begins in the last years f the 18th century in Sctland, where Watt perfected "the machine that changed the wrld". Klein writes, "America did nt invent the steam engine, but nce they grasped its passwrds they put it t mre uses than anyne else. "
Meanwhile, ver the curse f 19th century, electricity went frm mere curisity t a basic necessity. Mrse invented a cde fr sending messages ver an electrmagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a vice. Edisn perfected an incandescent bulls that brught electric light int the American hme.
Mst imprtantly, Edisn realized that success depended n mass electrificatin, which he shwed in New Yrk City. With help frm Tesla, Westinghuse's firm develped a system using alternating current, which sn became the majr frms f pwer delivery.
T frame his stry, Klein creates the character f Ned, a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steams and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a lng narrative int an interesting ne.
24. What is Klein's understanding f the age f electricity?
A. It is clsely linked t the steam age.B. It began earlier than prper thught.
C. It is a little-studied perid f histry.D. It will cme t an end sner r later.
25. What can be inferred abut Ned?
A. He was brn in New Yrk City.B. He wrte many increasing stries,
C. He created an electricity cmpany.D. He lived mainly in the 19th century.
26. What is the text?
A. A bigraphy.B. A bk review.C. A shrt stry. D. A science reprt.
◆本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。
24. 推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curius that n ne has put tgether a histry f bth the steam and electric revlutins.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在Klein看来，电力时代和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选A。
25. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“T frame his stry, Klein creates the character f Ned, a fictinal witness t the prgress brught abut by the steams and electric revlutins in America during ne man's lifetime.”（为了编织他的故事，Klein创造了一个人物Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见证。）和第四段“Meanwhile, ver the curse f 19th century, electricity went frm mere curisity t a basic necessity.”（同时，在19世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他应该是生活在19世纪。故选D。
26. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The stry begins in the last years f the 18th century in Sctland”（这个故事开始于苏格兰18世纪最后几年）可知，这篇文章是一篇小故事。故选C。
题型七：活动评价题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，特别关注形容词感情色彩进行概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
考例11：（2023新高考II卷B篇）26题
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
26. Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?
A. Far-reaching.影响深远的
B. Predictable. 可预测的
C. Shrt-lived. 短暂的
D. Unidentifiable. 难以确认的
26.推理判断题。本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramill等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Spruts花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深远。根据最后一段“She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramill的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
考例12：（2023全国乙卷B篇）27题
One time my friends and I drve three hurs t Devil’s Lake, Wiscnsin, t climb the purple quartz (石英) rck arund the lake. After we fund a crazy-lking rad that hung ver a bunch f rcks, we decided t phtgraph the scene at sunset. The psitin enabled us t lk ver the lake with the sunset in the backgrund. We managed t leave this spt t climb higher because f the spare time until sunset. Hwever, we did nt mark the rute (路线) s we ended up almst missing the sunset entirely. Once we fund the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
27. Hw des the authr find his phts taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encuraging. D. Cmfrting.
27.推理判断题。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。通过文章最后一段“Still, lking back n the phts, they are sme f my best shts thugh they culd have been s much better if I wuld have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023新高考II卷C篇）
Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. The image f the reader appears thrughut histry, in art made lng befre bks as we nw knw them came int being. In artists’ representatins f bks and reading, we see mments f shared humanity that g beynd culture and time.
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
Bks themselves may be used symblically in paintings t demnstrate the intellect (才智), wealth r faith f the subject. Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. Mre recently, as bks have becme inexpensive r even thrwaway, artists have used them as the raw material fr artwrks — transfrming cvers, pages r even cmplete vlumes int paintings and sculptures.
Cntinued develpments in cmmunicatin technlgies were nce believed t make the printed page utdated. Frm a 21st-century pint f view, the printed bk is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader. T serve its functin, a bk must be activated by a user: the cver pened, the pages parted, the cntents reviewed, perhaps ntes written dwn r wrds underlined. And in cntrast t ur increasingly netwrked lives where the infrmatin we cnsume is mnitred and tracked, a printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity.
28. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. An intrductin t a bk.B. An essay n the art f writing.
C. A guidebk t a museum.D. A review f mdern paintings.
29. What are the selected artwrks abut?
A. Wealth and intellect.B. Hme and schl.
C. Bks and reading.D. Wrk and leisure.
30. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
31. What des the authr want t say by mentining the e-reader?
A. The printed bk is nt ttally ut f date.
B. Technlgy has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are netwrked.
D. Peple nw rarely have the patience t read.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
28.推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers is a celebratin f an everyday bject — the bk, represented here in almst three hundred artwrks frm museums arund the wrld. (Reading Art: Art fr Bk Lvers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Befre the wide use f the printing press, bks were treasured bjects and culd be wrks f art in their wn right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
29.细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
30.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate t”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
31.推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-pwered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed bk still ffers the chance f a whlly private, “ff-line” activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
2.（2022新高考I卷C篇）
The elderly residents (居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.
The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing, It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.
Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl. ”
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they’ve gne t bed.”
“It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”
There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
28. What is the purpse f the prject?
A. T ensure harmny in care hmes.
B. T prvide part-time jbs fr the aged.
C. T raise mney fr medical research.
D. T prmte the elderly peple’s welfare.
29. Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills.
B. She has gained a sense f achievement.
C. She has recvered her memry.
D. She has develped a strng persnality.
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. It is well received.B. It needs t be mre creative.
C. It is highly prfitable.D. It takes ages t see the results.
【答案】28 D29. B30. C31. A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
28. D。推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity (慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
29. B。推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
30. C。词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
31. A。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩•刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
3.（2022全国甲卷D篇）
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there — brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city.
Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.
“I’ll miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted.
“Hw d yu mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said. “We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne. It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving (解决).”
On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me. “What peple frget is that the Italians, when they came t Australia, brught 2000 years f their culture, the Greeks sme 3000 years, and the Chinese mre still. We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.
C. The key t Sydney’s develpment.D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?
A. He ges t wrk by bat.B. He lks frward t a new life.
C. He pilts catamarans well.D. He is attached t the ld ferries.
34. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?
A. It is lsing its traditins.B. It shuld speed up its prgress.
C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.D. It is becming mre internatinal.
35. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?
A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.
B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.
C. mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.
D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
32-35 DDAA
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者和悉尼人士的交流介绍了悉尼发展中面临的问题。
32. C。主旨大意题。根据第一段“Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了它的港口) ”以及“But it is the harbr that makes the city. (但是是港口造就了城市)”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。故选C。
33. D。细节理解题。根据第二段“Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilt Sydney ferrybats fr a living. (30岁出头的Andrew Reynlds是个快乐的小伙子，他在悉尼担任渡轮领航员为生)”、第三段“I’ll miss these ld bats. (我会想念这些旧船的)”以及第五段“Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. (双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣)”可知，渡轮领航员Andrew Reynlds喜欢老式渡船。故选D。
34. A。推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. (悉尼的官方历史学家Shirley Fitzgerald告诉我，在20世纪70年代奔向现代化的过程中，悉尼把很多它的过去都抛在了一边，包括许多最漂亮的建筑)”可推知，Shirley Fitzgerald认为悉尼匆忙奔向现代化，正在失去它的传统。故选A。
35. A 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段的第一句 ... being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. 可知，作者认为一个城市新旧并存是非常有魅力的。根据下文中 Anthny 的观点 ... a fundatin built n ancient cultures with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry. 和最后一段 He is right ... 可知，Anthny 认为澳大利亚是一个建立在古老文化基础上并同时充满活力的年轻国家，作者认同其观点。
4.（2021全国甲卷A篇）
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday's mst respected landscape phtgraphers. Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all crners f the UK and beynd.
21. Wh wuld mst prbably enter fr Take a view?
A. Writers.B. Phtgraphers.C. Painters.D. Turists.
22. What d the wrks by Shepherd and Smith have in cmmn?
A. They are winter images.
B. They are in black and white.
C. They shw muntainus scenes.
D. They fcus n snw—cvered frests.
23. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a histry bk.B. In a nvel.C. In an art magazine.D. In a bigraphy.
【答案】21-23 BAC
【导读】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况。
21. B。细节理解题。根据第一段“Take a view, the Landscape(风景）Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday's mst respected landscape phtgraphers.”（Take a view，年度风景摄影师奖是Charlie Waite的主意，他是当今最受尊敬的风景摄影师之一）可知摄影师最有可能参加Take a view。
22. A。细节理解题。根据Mike Shepherd部分“It was an extremely cld winter's evening and freezing fg hung in the air.”（那是一个极其寒冷的冬天的晚上，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾）和Timthy Smith部分“I was back in my hme twn f Macclesfield t take sme winter images.”（我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片）可知Shepherd 和 Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。
23. C。推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all cmers f the UK and beynd.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view是一项令人向往的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。
5.（2021全国乙卷A篇）
During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin(干扰)in his pen ffice, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street — s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut(布局). But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach wrks.
The researchers examined varius levels f nise n participants as they cmpleted tests f creative thinking. They were randmly divided int fur grups and expsed t varius nise levels in the backgrund, frm ttal silence t 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup — thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp — significantly utperfrmed the ther grups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that ur creative thinking des nt differ that much in respnse t ttal silence and 85 decibels f backgrund nise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise — nt t lud and nt ttal silence — may actually imprve ne’s creative thinking ability. The right level f backgrund nise may interrupt ur nrmal patterns f thinking just enugh t allw ur imaginatins t wander, withut making it impssible t fcus. This kind f “distracted fcus” appears t be the best state fr wrking n creative tasks.
S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can’t stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers’ cnversatins while we’re trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.
32. Why des the interviewer prefer a cwrking space?
A. It helps him cncentrate.
B. It blcks ut backgrund nise.
C. It has a pleasant atmsphere.
D. It encurages face-t-face interactins.
33. Which level f backgrund nise may prmte creative thinking ability?
A. Ttal silence.B. 50 decibelsC. 70 decibels.D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an pen ffice unwelcme t many peple?
A. Persnal privacy unprtected.B. Limited wrking space.
C. Restrictins n grup discussin.D. Cnstant interruptins.
35. What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
A. He’s a news reprter.B. He’s an ffice manager.
C. He’s a prfessinal designer.D. He’s a published writer.
【答案】32-35 ACDD
【导读】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
32. A。细节理解题。根据第一段“That’s why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street - s I can fcus.（这就是为什么我在街对面的公用办公空间有会员资格——这样我就可以集中精力了。）”可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以帮助他集中精力。
33. C。细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between mst f the grups were statistically insignificant; hwever, the participants in the 70 decibels grup - thse expsed t a level f nise similar t backgrund chatter in a cffee shp - significantly utperfrmed the ther grups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然而，音量为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study als suggests that the right level f backgrund nise - nt t lud and nt ttal silence - may actually imprve ne's creative thinking ability.（但由于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。
34. D。细节理解题。根据最后一段“S why d s many f us hate ur pen ffices? The prblem may be that, in ur ffices, we can't stp urselves frm getting drawn int thers' cnversatins while we're trying t fcus. Indeed, the researchers fund that face-t-face interactins and cnversatins affect the creative prcess, and yet a cwrking space r a cffee shp prvides a certain level f nise while als prviding freedm frm interruptins.（那么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。
35. D。推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。
【高考真题再练】
（2024·江西萍乡·萍乡中学校考一模）The bks written and published in the 1920s remain n the “best ever” lists. Here are 4 bks that everyne shuld read.
The Great Gatsby
The themes in the nvel reflect the sudden change in the character f America itself, and in sme ways it’s amng the first majr mdern nvels prduced in this cuntry. The nvel als makes a new and pwerful cncept clear at the time: The American Dream, the idea that self-made men and wmen culd make themselves int anything in this cuntry.
A Farewell t Arms
The stry is ne f a lve affair interrupted and dgged by events beynd the lvers’ cntrl, and a central theme is the pintless struggle f life — that we spend s much energy and time n things that finally dn’t matter. Hemingway masterfully cmbines a realistic descriptin f war with sme abstract literary techniques, which is ne reasn why this bk endures as a classic.
Ulysses
When peple make lists f the mst difficult nvels, Ulysses is almst certainly n them. The ne thing almst everyne knws abut Ulysses is that it emplys “stream f cnsciusness”, a literary technique that seeks t shw the inner mnlgue f a persn. James Jyce wasn’t the first writer t use this technique, but he was the first writer t attempt it n the scale as he did.
Mrs. Dallway
It takes place n a single day in the life f the main character, and it emplys a dense and tricky stream-f-cnsciusness technique, raming (漫游) arund t ther characters and pint f view. Mrs. Dallway is cncerned with using these techniques t make the characters clear and definite. The use f stream f cnsciusness is deliberately disrienting in the way it skips thrugh time.
1. Which bk shws us the truth f daily life cnflicts?
A. Ulysses.B. Mrs. Dallway.
C. The Great Gatsby.D. A Farewell t Arms.
2. What d Ulysses and Mrs. Dallway have in cmmn?
A. They share the same literary technique.
B. They shw a new and pwerful cncept.
C. They describe the daily life f the character.
D. They are n the list f the mst difficult nvels.
3. Where can the text be fund?
A. In a bigraphy.B. In a histry bk.
C. In a travel brchure.D. In a literature magazine.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了依旧经典的四本20世纪20年代出版的书：《了不起的盖茨比》《永别了，武器》《尤利西斯》和《达洛威夫人》，分别从小说主题、文学技巧和创新等角度进行了分析。
1. 细节理解题。根据A Farewell t Arms部分中“The stry is ne f a lve affair interrupted and dgged by events beynd the lvers’ cntrl, and a central theme is the pintless struggle f life — that we spend s much energy and time n things that finally dn’t matter. (故事讲述的是一段爱情被恋人无法控制的事件打断和纠缠，中心主题是生活中毫无意义的挣扎——我们在那些最终无关紧要的事情上花费了如此多的精力和时间)”可知，该书探讨了生活中冲突的真相，即我们在那些最终无关紧要的事情上花费了过多精力和时间。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据Ulysses部分中“The ne thing almst everyne knws abut Ulysses is that it emplys “stream f cnsciusness”, a literary technique that seeks t shw the inner mnlgue f a persn. (关于《尤利西斯》，几乎每个人都知道的一件事是，它采用了“意识流”，这是一种文学技巧，旨在表现一个人的内心独白)”以及Mrs. Dallway部分中“It takes place n a single day in the life f the main character, and it emplys a dense and tricky stream-f-cnsciusness technique, raming (漫游) arund t ther characters and pint f view. (它发生在主角一生中的某一天，它采用了一种密集而微妙的意识流技巧，漫游到其他人物和视角)”可是，这两本书的共通之处在于是使用相同的文学技巧——意识流写作手法。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了依旧经典的四本20世纪20年代出版的书：《了不起的盖茨比》《永别了，武器》《尤利西斯》和《达洛威夫人》，分别从小说主题、文学技巧和创新等角度进行了分析，并建议读者去阅读。故推断文章出自于一本文学杂志。故选D。
（2023上·新疆·高二校联考期中）In recent fast paced life, the demands and pressures f wrk left me feeling mentally and physically stressed. I decided t discnnect frm my jb fr a while fr a mental break. As a nature lver, withut any delay, I came t Brne, the wrld’s third largest island.
Upn arrival, a lcal ffered t be my guide, which was a great bnus fr me. He led me thrugh the jungle and I was immersed in the explratin. One day, the guide turned ff the smth rad and tk me acrss a rugh hillside instead. We picked ur way gingerly when suddenly, a Rafflesia (大王花) appeared int my view amng thse stnes. Mre than delighted, I bent dwn and put my nse practically t feel the flwer’s special flavur.
As I was appraching the end f my trip, there was anther thing highlighting my trip. We happened t encunter the king f the crcdile (鳄鱼), a saltwater crcdile, which can grw t a length f 6 meters. It was getting dark. When we shne a flashlight twards the muddy shre, little sunds emerged in the darkness as if smething unseen underwater had brken the mud. Taking a secnd lk, we sptted tw greedy eyes just abve the water line. Cautiusly, we apprached it and finally culd figure ut it was a baby crcdile. Thugh alarmed, I culd prudly talk big that I had encuntered a hungry crcdile in the wild and lived t back.
Thugh I have settled back int the rutine f everyday life nw, the experience stays lng after the physical jurney ended. I have learned t face life’s challenges with a renewed utlk. Despite the rat race f daily existence, try t spare time t spt the breathtaking beauty f nature and the heartfelt cnnectins with thers. The wrld ut there is s fascinating.
4. Why did the authr g t Brne?
A. T cnnect better with his wrk.
B. T relieve himself f the pressures.
C. T keep an appintment with a lcal guide.
D. T reward himself fr his prmtin in jb.
5. What des the underlined wrd “gingerly” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Patiently.B. Rughly.C. Cautiusly.D. Rapidly.
6. What is the tne f the authr when recalling the saltwater crcdile he met?
A. Critical.B. Instructive.C. Regretful.D. Humrus.
7. What des the authr advise us t d in the last paragraph?
A. Keep a balance between life and wrk.
B. Battle with challenges frm life and wrk.
C. Research yur destinatins ahead f time.
D. Learn mre abut travel safety knwledge.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A
【导语】本文是记叙文。为了缓解工作上的压力，作者来到了加里曼丹岛旅行，并从旅行中得到感悟。
4. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In recent fast paced life, the demands and pressures f wrk left me feeling mentally and physically stressed. I decided t discnnect frm my jb fr a while fr a mental break. As a nature lver, withut any delay, I came t Brne, the wrld’s third largest island. (在最近快节奏的生活中，工作的要求和压力让我感到身心压力。我决定暂时中断工作，暂时休息一下。作为一名自然爱好者，我毫不拖延地来到了世界第三大岛婆罗洲。)”可知，工作的压力让我感到身心俱疲，于是，作者决定放下工作，好好休息一下，所以作者来到了婆罗洲。故选B。
5. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“One day, the guide turned ff the smth rad and tk me acrss a rugh hillside instead. (一天，导游离开了平坦的道路，带我穿过了一个崎岖的山坡。)”可知，这个导游没有走平坦的小路，而是带作者横穿崎岖的山坡。于是，作者小心翼翼地走着。根据语境可知，gingerly意为“谨慎地”。故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Thugh alarmed, I culd prudly talk big that I had encuntered a hungry crcdile in the wild and lived t back. (虽然很惊慌，但我可以骄傲地大张旗鼓地说，我在野外遇到了一只饥饿的鳄鱼，并活了下来。)”可知，作者可以骄傲地吹牛说自己在野外遇到过饥饿的鳄鱼，而且还活了下来。这是一种诙谐的语气。故选D。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite the rat race f daily existence, try t spare time t spt the breathtaking beauty f nature and the heartfelt cnnectins with thers. (抛开日常生活的激烈竞争，试着抽出时间去欣赏令人惊叹的大自然之美，与他人建立真诚的联系。) ”可知，人们尽管每天都要忙于奔波，但还是要尽量抽出时间来发现大自然的美，在生活和工作之间保持平衡。故选A。
（2023上·重庆·高三重庆南开中学校考阶段练习）Kew Gardens is nt nly a ppular turist destinatin in Lndn, but als a btanic garden and a research center that has the largest cllectin f living plants at a single site. S, let’s explre the Ryal Btanic Gardens with CGTN’s reprter Rbyn Dwyer.
Palm Huse
The first stp is the Palm Huse, a giant indr rainfrest with a wide range f plants. Visitrs can enjy these extic plants while researchers can study the secrets f these flra. Eatable plants such as cca tree and African il palm are all preserved here t keep the diversity f fd resurces. At the same time, it huses many medical use plants, including sme that are used t treat cancer.
Temperate Huse
Knwn as the wrld’s largest Victrian glasshuse, the Temperate Huse is hme t1,500 species f plants frm temperate regins f the wrld. Sme f the species kept here have gne extinct in the wild, such as Encephalarts wdii, a cycad frm Suth Africa. And sme are already extinct like Saint Helena live, but the Kew has stred its DNA.
Mediterranean Garden
In the Mediterranean Garden, ne can see plants frm the Suthern Eurpe, such as rsemary, lives and crk ak. Walking in the garden, ne can feel the nn-indr vibe (氛围) f the Mediterranean and learn abut the ecnmic as well as scientific uses f these plants.
On Internatinal Day fr Bilgical Diversity this year, jin CGTN t travel arund the wrld’s natinal parks and reserves acrss seven cntinents. Our next prgram is t visit penguins and seals in the Antarctic Ice Aquarium Nrway. Please stay tuned!
8. What d the three stps have in cmmn?
A. They stre plants fr medical use.
B. They have plants f ecnmic value.
C. They huse plants f seven cntinents.
D. They wn plants fr scientific research.
9. Which ne suits a visitr preferring utdr sites?
A. Palm Huse.B. Temperate Huse.
C. Antarctic Ice Aquarium.D. Mediterranean Garden.
10. Where is the text mst prbably taken frm?
A. A btanic dictinary.B. A TV travel series.
C. A trip advertisement.D. A bidiversity essay.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了伦敦Kew Gardens的具体情况。
8. 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Visitrs can enjy these extic plants while researchers can study the secrets f these flra. (游客可以欣赏这些外来植物，而研究人员可以研究这些植物群的秘密)”可知，研究人员可以在棕榈屋进行研究。由文章第三段中“Sme f the species kept here have gne extinct in the wild, such as Encephalarts wdii, a cycad frm Suth Africa. And sme are already extinct like Saint Helena live, but the Kew has stred its DNA. (这里的一些物种已经在野外灭绝了，比如来自南非的一种苏铁。有些已经灭绝了，比如圣赫勒拿岛橄榄，但邱园保存了它的DNA)”可知，这些植物珍贵，可供研究。推理判断题。由文章第四段中“Walking in the garden, ne can feel the nn-indr vibe (氛围) f the Mediterranean and learn abut the ecnmic as well as scientific uses f these plants. (走在花园里，人们可以感受到地中海的非室内氛围，并了解这些植物的经济和科学用途)”可知，这些植物的经济和科学用途可被研究。由此推知，这三站的共同点是拥有用于科学研究的植物。故选D。
9. 细节理解题。由文章第四段中“Walking in the garden, ne can feel the nn-indr vibe (氛围) f the Mediterranean and learn abut the ecnmic as well as scientific uses f these plants. (走在花园里，人们可以感受到地中海的非室内氛围，并了解这些植物的经济和科学用途)”可知，Mediterranean Garden适合喜欢户外场地的游客。故选D。
10. 推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Kew Gardens is nt nly a ppular turist destinatin in Lndn, but als a btanic garden and a research center that has the largest cllectin f living plants at a single site. S, let’s explre the Ryal Btanic Gardens with CGTN’s reprter Rbyn Dwyer. (邱园不仅是伦敦一个受欢迎的旅游目的地，也是一个植物园和一个研究中心，在单一地点拥有最大的活植物收藏。所以，让我们和CGTN的记者罗宾·德怀尔一起探索皇家植物园)”可知，这篇文章很可能取自一部由CGTN的记者罗宾·德怀尔主持的旅游电视连续剧。故选B。
（2023上·广东深圳·高三校考阶段练习）A Clr Run at Schl
What Is a Clr Run?
The event is usually a five-kilmeter untimed run. Participants are dused(浇涂上)frm head t te in a different clred pwder at each kilmeter mark. This activity inspired by the Hindu festival f Hli is perfect fr prmting cmmunity and happiness.
A clr run is a fun event perfect fr schls. It is a way t prmte health and activity amng children. Schls can chse whether they want t hst a clr run by themselves r have ne rganized by an event rganizer.
Why Shuld I Take Part in a Clr Run?
Taking part in a clr run will help yu imprve yur verall physical health. It’s a great way t burn calries and get ut. Yu will als be able t meet new peple.
Hw t Set Up a Schl Clr Run?
T set up a schl Clr Run, yu will first need t decide what time yu want it t start. Then, yu will need t cntact the principal at yur schl. They will then tell yu if there is enugh space available at the named lcatin. Yu will need t infrm the class teachers and include infrmatin in the student handbk. Next, yu shuld cntact the parents/guardians f the students at the schl thrugh a mailed letter r email. With everything listed abve cmpleted, yu will have yur event rganized and ready t g!
11. What d we knw abut a Clr Run?
A. It sees runners cvered frm head t te.B. It used t be a part f Hli.
C. It’s designed fr schls nlyD. It sets n time limit.
12. What benefit may kids get frm a schl clr run?
A. Better physical health.B. Prize mney frm the race.
C. Friendship with the principal.D. T-shirts with a rainbw pattern.
13. What’s the purpse f the text?
A. T advertise.B. T infrm.C. T entertain.D. T criticize.
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了彩色赛跑这一运动的规则、好处以及学校如何建立彩色赛跑。
11. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The event is usually a five-kilmeter untimed run.(这个项目通常是五公里的不计时赛跑)”可知，彩色赛跑没有时间限制。故选D。
12. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Taking part in a clr run will help yu imprve yur verall physical health.(参加彩色赛跑将帮助你改善你的整体身体健康)”可知，孩子们可以从学校的颜色跑中让身体更健康。故选A。
13. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The event is usually a five-kilmeter untimed run. Participants are dused(浇涂上)frm head t te in a different clred pwder at each kilmeter mark. This activity inspired by the Hindu festival f Hli is perfect fr prmting cmmunity and happiness.(这个项目通常是五公里的不计时赛跑。在每一公里处，参与者从头到脚都被浸在不同颜色的粉末中。这项活动受到印度胡里节的启发，是促进社区和幸福的完美活动)”结合文章主要介绍了彩色赛跑这一运动的规则、好处以及学校如何建立彩色赛跑。可推知，文章的目的是介绍彩色赛跑。故选B。
（2022·重庆·统考二模）Grwing up in the Suth Central neighbrhd f Ls Angeles in the 1970s, Ghuan Featherstne nly remembers riding a hrse with his parents at a nearby park when he was eight years ld.
But ever since, he’s been chasing that sense f freedm and pwer he felt n the hrse that day. “I felt like I culd cnquer anything,” Featherstne, nw 51, said in a Stry Crps interview last mnth with Jrdan Humphreys, a 13-year-ld hrseback rider. After serving in the Army fr eight years, Featherstne remained determined t realize his childhd dream f becming a cwby.
When he returned t Ls Angeles, he learned t ride at stables knwn as “The Hill” in Cmptn. Riders there wuld jump n their hrse backs and take their hrses int the city streets. In 2012, a fire burned dwn The Hill. What had becme a shelter fr the yuth was suddenly gne. Sensing the vid (空缺) after the fire, Featherstne pened his wn stables, Urban Saddles, in 2019 t create a space where he culd teach kids like Humphreys t care fr and ride hrses.
As a black man, Featherstne is against prejudice. Peple f clr are ften prevented frm pp culture and histrical representatins f the cwby. His stable has helped keep the cwby lifestyle alive in the streets. “Riding thrugh the streets n hrseback has given me a way t cnnect with thers in the cmmunity,” said Humphreys. “It makes them happy seeing us n a hrse and then they may be smiling, and I believe that when we cme thrugh, we give them a sense f hpe,” he added.
If there’s ne lessn Featherstne hpes t cnvey t kids, it’s a respect fr all life. “We’re respecting the animals and we’re respecting each ther,” he said.
14. What made Featherstne want t becme a cwby?
A. His lve t his parents.B. The duty f saving the wrld.
C. The serving years in the army.D. His childhd riding experience.
15. What is mainly talked abut in paragraph 3?
A. The life f being a cwby.
B. The dream f being a cwby.
C. The curse f pening Urban Saddles.
D. The place f teaching kids like Humphreys.
16. Which can be ne f the purpses f Fetherstne’s pening his wn stables?
A. T teach the black kids t ride hrses.
B. T help the kids t learn t respect all life.
C. T make mney by teaching the kids t ride.
D. T train the cwbys t becme mre hpeful.
17. Which f the fllwing wrds may best describe Fetherstne?
A. Smart but careless.B. Slw but prductive.
C. Diligent and brad-minded.D. Determined and kind-hearted.
【答案】14. D 15. C 16. B 17. D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了费瑟斯通(Ghuan Featherstne)开马厩的过程，并且通过骑马想要传达给孩子们的一课，那就是尊重所有的生命。
14. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Grwing up in the Suth Central neighbrhd f Ls Angeles in the 1970s, Ghuan Featherstne nly remembers riding a hrse with his parents at a nearby park when he was eight years ld.(费瑟斯通(Ghuan Featherstne)上世纪70年代在洛杉矶中南部社区长大，他只记得8岁时和父母一起在附近的公园骑马)”以及文章第二段“But ever since, he’s been chasing that sense f freedm and pwer he felt n the hrse that day.(但从那以后，他一直在追寻那天骑马时感受到的自由和力量)”以及“After serving in the Army fr eight years, Featherstne remained determined t realize his childhd dream f becming a cwby.(在军队服役8年后，费瑟斯通决心实现他儿时的梦想——成为一名牛仔)”可知，童年的骑马经历让费瑟斯通想成为一名牛仔。故选D。
15. 主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“When he returned t Ls Angeles, he learned t ride at stables knwn as “The Hill” in Cmptn. Riders there wuld jump n their hrse backs and take their hrses int the city streets. In 2012, a fire burned dwn The Hill. What had becme a shelter fr the yuth was suddenly gne. Sensing the vid (空缺) after the fire, Featherstne pened his wn stables, Urban Saddles, in 2019 t create a space where he culd teach kids like Humphreys t care fr and ride hrses. (回到洛杉矶后，他在康普顿被称为“山”的马厩里学会了骑马。那里的骑手会跳上马背，骑着马进入城市的街道。2012年，一场大火烧毁了“山”。曾经是年轻人庇护所的地方突然消失了。费瑟斯通感觉到了火灾后的空虚，在2019年开设了自己的马厩“城市马鞍”，创造了一个空间，在这里他可以教像汉弗莱斯这样的孩子照顾和骑马)”可知，第三段主要讲述了Urban Saddles开设的过程。故选C。
16. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If there’s ne lessn Featherstne hpes t cnvey t kids, it’s a respect fr all life. “We’re respecting the animals and we’re respecting each ther,” he said.(如果费瑟斯通想要传达给孩子们的一课，那就是尊重所有的生命。“我们尊重动物，也尊重彼此，”他说)”可推知，费瑟斯通开马厩的真正目的是帮助孩子们学会尊重所有生命。故选B。
17. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“After serving in the Army fr eight years, Featherstne remained determined t realize his childhd dream f becming a cwby.(在军队服役8年后，费瑟斯通决心实现他儿时的梦想——成为一名牛仔)”可推知，他是一个有决心的人；根据文章最后一段If there’s ne lessn Featherstne hpes t cnvey t kids, it’s a respect fr all life. “We’re respecting the animals and we’re respecting each ther,” he said.(如果费瑟斯通想要传达给孩子们的一课，那就是尊重所有的生命。“我们尊重动物，也尊重彼此，”他说)”可推知，他是一个心胸宽广的人。故选D。
（2023上·山东泰安·高三统考期中）Anyanna Philipps is n rdinary teacher. She’s an admired kindergarten educatr fr whm teaching is a missin. She believes that self-respect and strng relatinships are the real building blcks f educatinal develpment and the path t self-actualizatin in life. And Philipps, knwn as Cl Miss P, cntinues t win hearts n scial media, as well as in the classrm, with millins f views n TikTk and Instagram.
Philipps, frm Gergia, in the US, is n a missin t put self-respect int the little nes she wrks with. She has hung a mirrr n her classrm dr s the children can practice daily “mirrr affirmatins (肯定)” as she enthusiastically encurages them t “be the best that yu can be”.
Since she was yung, Philipps was tld by peple arund her that her lve fr children wuld make her a great teacher ne day. She was als inspired by several f her wn teachers. Then a serius accident last year made her feel grateful fr living and encuraged her t bring jy int her classrm. She tries t make sure that her students are happy by putting her heart int develping the teacher-student relatinship.
Philipps shares ne f her Instagram psts: “I am sticking t my purpse. I am a teacher, wrking t impact, inspire, and elevate all f these precius little lives. Fr yung kids, psitive affirmatins can help make them feel capable f ding mre ‘big kid’ things. They can als help increase kids’ self-respect and make them mre resilient (有承受力) t bullying and ther negative life situatins.”
Cl Miss P puts this idea int actin each and every schl day t inspire all her yung students. S it’s nt surprising that s many peple viewing her psts leave cmments saying that the wrld needs mre teachers like her.
18. Why des Philipps hang a mirrr n her classrm dr?
A. T raise students’ cnfidence.B. T decrate the classrm.
C. T light the classrm.D. T check students’ appearance.
19. What did Philipps decide t d after the accident?
A. Ask previus teachers fr advice.
B. Strengthen cnnectin with students.
C. Carry ut teaching utside the classrm.
D. Attract peple’s attentin t early educatin.
20. What is the impact f her psitive affirmatins fr children?
A. They will be in an easier situatin.
B. They will submit t bullying n campus.
C. They can deal with challenges psitively.
D. They will feel less hesitant t ask fr help.
21. What is peple’s attitude twards Philipps’s practice in teaching?
A. Apprving.B. Indifferent.C. Unclear.D. Dubtful.
【答案】18. A 19. B 20. C 21. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Anyanna Philipps用“镜子肯定”法让学生建立自信。
18. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“She has hung a mirrr n her classrm dr s the children can practice daily “mirrr affirmatins (肯定)” as she enthusiastically encurages them t “be the best that yu can be”.(她在教室门上挂了一面镜子，这样孩子们就可以每天练习“镜子肯定”，她热情地鼓励他们“尽你所能做到最好”)”可知，Philipps挂镜子在教室门口是为了让孩子肯定自己。由此推知，她这样作的目的是提高孩子们的自信。故选A。
19. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Then a serius accident last year made her feel grateful fr living and encuraged her t bring jy int her classrm. She tries t make sure that her students are happy by putting her heart int develping the teacher-student relatinship.(去年的一次严重事故让她对自己的生活感到感激，并鼓励她把快乐带进课堂。她努力通过全心全意地发展师生关系来确保学生们的快乐)”可知，一场事故后Philipps决定加强与学生的关系，以确保他们是快乐的。故选B。
20. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Fr yung kids, psitive affirmatins can help make them feel capable f ding mre ‘big kid’ things. They can als help increase kids’ self-respect and make them mre resilient (有承受力) t bullying and ther negative life situatins.”(对于年幼的孩子来说，积极的肯定可以让他们觉得自己有能力做更多“大孩子”的事情。他们还可以帮助提高孩子们的自尊，使他们更能适应欺凌和其他消极的生活状况)”可知，自我肯定对孩子们的影响是他们可以积极乐观的应对欺凌和其他消极的生活状况，即积极地应对挑战。故选C。
21. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“S it’s nt surprising that s many peple viewing her psts leave cmments saying that the wrld needs mre teachers like her.(因此，看到她的帖子的人留言说世界需要更多像她这样的老师也就不足为奇了)”可知，人们认为他们需要像Philipps这样的老师。由此推知，他们对Philipps的课堂实践是赞同的。故选A。
（山西省2023-2024学年高一上学期11月期中英语试题）When Gayle Macdnald reached the summit (顶峰) in Spain’s Sierra Nevada muntain range earlier this year, she didn’t just stp and take in the mment. Instead, she did what a great many peple wuld d—she lked fr the best spt t take a selfie (自拍) fr her scial media accunts. Gayle even admitted that she mved dangerusly clse t the edge while ding s. It was after that mment that she decided t quit scial media.
“I was like ‘this has gt t stp,’ ” recalls Gayle. “Taking a pht used t be the first thing I thught abut when I gt ut f the car. Thinking all the time abut creating cntent and wrrying abut what t say, were taking up t much head space and getting me dwn.”
Scial media can be addictive fr many reasns, the main ne being that it is a frm f escapism, especially fr the yunger generatin. It’s simply a way f cnnecting withut cnnectin, and it’s a 24/7 cmfrt blanket f cmpany fr many. Fr many f us, mst f ur time is spent n scial media. One glbal study fund that the average persn spends 2 hurs and 29 minutes per day n such apps and websites. While sme peple might think that this is a bad habit that they shuld cut dwn n, fr thers it’s an actual addictin that they need help t vercme.
Hilda Burke, a psychtherapist (心理治疗师), says there’s nw mre widespread awareness abut hw much time peple are spending n scial media. “This is nw easily t figure up, as mst phnes shw yu the breakdwn f hw yu’re spending yur time nline,” she says. “Seeing hw it all adds up can serve as a pwerful wake-up call.” She advises that peple quitting scial media shuld let all their friends knw, s they dn’t cntinue t try t cntact yu via the sites.
Burke welcmes the fact that mre peple are quitting scial media. It’s likely that we’re eventually starting t realize the damage it can cause t ur relatinships, mental health and ur experience f real-wrld mments.
22. Hw des the authr intrduce the tpic f the text?
A. By prviding research results.B. By describing a prcess.
C. By making a cmparisn.D. By giving an example.
23. What may Gayle think f her frequently updating psts n scial media?
A. Energy-cnsuming.B. Fashinable.C. Inspiring.D. Eye-catching.
24. Where can yu find the reasns fr teenagers’ addictin t scial media?
A. In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.D. In paragraph 5.
25. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Teenagers Are Addicted T Scial Media
B. Peple Quit Using Scial Media T Pst Selfies
C. There Is Really Mre T Life Than Psting Selfies
D. Scial Media Affects Physical And Mental Health
【答案】22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了社交媒体对人们的影响以及如何戒掉社交媒体。
22. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“When Gayle Macdnald reached the summit (顶峰) in Spain’s Sierra Nevada muntain range earlier this year, she didn’t just stp and take in the mment. Instead, she did what a great many peple wuld d—she lked fr the best spt t take a selfie(自拍) fr her scial media accunts. Gayle even admitted that she mved dangerusly clse t the edge while ding s. It was after that mment that she decided t quit scial media. (今年早些时候，当Gayle Macdnald到达西班牙内华达山脉的顶峰时，她并没有停下来享受这一刻。相反，她做了很多人都会做的事——为自己的社交媒体账号找一个最好的自拍地点。Gayle甚至承认，在这样做的时候，她很危险地靠近了悬崖边缘。就在那一刻之后，她决定退出社交媒体。)”以及下文内容可知，文章举例来引出本文的主题，即社交媒体让人上瘾，人们需要克服对社交媒体的上瘾。故选D。
23. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段““I was like ‘this has gt t stp,’ ” recalls Gayle. “Taking a pht used t be the first thing I thught abut when I gt ut f the car. Thinking all the time abut creating cntent and wrrying abut what t say, were taking up t much head space and getting me dwn.” (Gayle回忆道：“我当时想，‘这一切必须停止。’过去，我下车后想到的第一件事就是拍照。一直想着创作内容，担心该说什么，这些占据了我太多的头脑空间，让我很沮丧。”)”可知，Gayle认为自己频繁更新社交媒体上的帖子太浪费精力。故选A。
24. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Scial media can be addictive fr many reasns, the main ne being that it is a frm f escapism, especially fr the yunger generatin. (社交媒体让人上瘾的原因有很多，最主要的原因是它是一种逃避现实的方式，尤其是对年轻一代来说。)”可知，文章第三段分析了青少年对社交媒体上瘾的原因。故选B。
25. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Burke welcmes the fact that mre peple are quitting scial media. It’s likely that we’re eventually starting t realize the damage it can cause t ur relatinships, mental health and ur experience f real-wrld mments. ( Burke对越来越多的人放弃社交媒体表示欢迎。很可能我们最终开始意识到它会对我们的人际关系、心理健康和现实世界的体验造成伤害。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是社交媒体会消耗人们的精力，容易让人上瘾，我们要克服对社交媒体的依赖，多发现生活中身边的事情。故选C。
（2023上·河北沧州·高二统考期中）When we talk mre bradly f bdy language, rather than gd pstures, we can actually see the effects it has n relatinships right thrughut the animal kingdm. In particular, bdy language is used t express pwer thrugh expansive (扩张的) pstures.
Yu might knw abut Amy Cuddy’s famus Ted Talk and her incredible insights n hw psture changes ur thughts. Cuddy and her team study bdy language, particularly what they call “high-pwer” and “lw-pwer” pses.
“High-pwer” pses refer t the act f taking a psture f cnfidence, which can help yu feel mre self-cnfident, even after nly tw minutes. Typical high-pwer pses are abut pening up. Yu stretch and expand yur bdy t take up as much space as pssible. Fr example, bsses are ding high-pwer pses when they lean back in their chairs, put their hands behind their heads, and kick their feet up nt their desks. Meanwhile, peple take lw-pwer psitins when they’re feeling helpless r defeated. They clse up, arms arund themselves, taking up the smallest space.
Sme even mre recent studies tk this even further: A study by researchers frm Clumbia and Harvard Universities shwed that bdy language symblizing pwer can actually affect ur decisin-making, unintentinally. The researchers measured the desire fr risk f participants in either expansive, pwerful pses r cnstricted (收缩的) pses. Thse in the pwerful pses nt nly felt mre pwerful and in cntrl, but were 45% mre likely t take risky actins.
“This isn’t abut what yur bdy language is cmmunicating t thers; it’s abut what yur bdy language is cmmunicating t yu. Yur bdy language is changing yur mind, which changes yur behavir, which changes yur utcmes,” said Cuddy.
S if yu want t take advantage f the benefits f these pses t live a healthier and happier life, where shuld yu start?
26. Which is prbably a lw-pwer pse accrding t the text?
A. Sitting with hands crssed in the lap.
B. Arms raised in a “V” abve the head.
C. Standing with yur legs pen.
D. Sitting with yur arms spreading ut n the chair.
27. What can we say abut peple in the expansive pses?
A. They are hesitant.B. They are very shy.
C. They feel ut f cntrl.D. They feel mre cnfident.
28. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The psture f cnfidence.B. Cuddy’s research n behavir.
C. The surprising pwer f bdy language.D. The research abut decisin-making.
29. What might be talked abut in the fllwing paragraph?
A. Hw t crrect bad habits.B. Hw t imprve yur bdy language.
C. Hw psture affects yur health.D. Why gd psture matters fr emplyees.
【答案】26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了身体语言对动物以及人际关系的影响，特别是通过扩张性姿势来表达权力。作者介绍了研究发现，高权力姿势能够提高个人自信心，进而影响个人决策。文章最后给出了建议，提醒人们从改变自己的身体语言开始，改变自己的思考和行为，从而实现更好的生活。
26. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Meanwhile, peple take lw-pwer psitins when they’re feeling helpless r defeated. They clse up, arms arund themselves, taking up the smallest space.(与此同时，当人们感到无助或被打败时，他们会采取低权力姿势。他们紧闭身体，双臂紧贴身体，占据最小的空间)”可推断，手交叉放在腿上坐着，缩小自己占用的空间，属于“低权利”姿势。故选A。
27. 细节理解题。根据第三段““High-pwer” pses refer t the act f taking a psture f cnfidence, which can help yu feel mre self-cnfident, even after nly tw minutes. (“强势”姿势指的是摆出一种自信的姿势，这种姿势即使在两分钟后也能让你感觉更自信)”及第四段“The researchers measured the desire fr risk f participants in either expansive, pwerful pses r cnstricted (收缩的) pses. Thse in the pwerful pses nt nly felt mre pwerful and in cntrl, but were 45% mre likely t take risky actins.(研究人员测量了参与者在舒展的、有力的姿势和收缩的姿势中对风险的渴望。那些摆出强势姿势的人不仅感觉自己更强大、更有控制力，而且采取冒险行动的可能性也高出45%)”可知，那些摆着扩张式的姿势的人通常会感觉更加自信。故选D。
28. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In particular, bdy language is used t express pwer thrugh expansive (扩张的) pstures.(特别是，肢体语言被用来通过扩张的姿势来表达权力)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述了身体语言对动物以及人际关系的影响，特别是通过扩张性姿势来表达权力即神奇的具有能量的肢体语言。由此可知，C选项“The surprising pwer f bdy language.( 肢体语言的惊人力量)”概括文章主要内容。故选C。
29. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“S if yu want t take advantage f the benefits f these pses t live a healthier and happier life, where shuld yu start?(所以，如果你想利用这些姿势的好处，过上更健康、更快乐的生活，你应该从哪里开始呢？)”可知，此处强调如果想通过利用这些姿势的好处，想要过上更健康、更快乐的生活，要从哪儿里开始。由此推知，接下来文章可能会讨论应该从哪些方面入手如何改善肢体语言。故选B。
（2023上·四川遂宁·高三统考期中）Research has linked urban envirnments with the increased risk fr anxiety, depressin, and ther mental health prblems. Frtunately, research als finds a slutin: Visiting wilderness, even briefly, is assciated with a variety f mental and physical benefits, including lwer bld pressure, reduced anxiety and depressin, imprved md, better fcus, better sleep, better memry and faster healing.
Numerus studies have supprted this assciatin, but we still have a lt t learn. Can just walking in a frest really cause all these beneficial changes in the brain? And if s, hw? One gd place t lk fr clues is the amygdala (杏仁核), a small structure in the center f the brain invlved in stress prcessing, emtinal learning, and the fight-r-flight respnse. Research indicates the amygdala is less active during stress in rural residents cmpared with city dwellers.
T address that questin, researchers frm the Max Planck Institute fr Human Develpment designed a new study, this time with help frm functinal magnetic resnance imaging (FMRI). The subjects were randmly assigned t take a ne-hur walk in either an urban setting (a busy shpping district in Berlin) r a natural ne (Berlin’s 3,000-hectare Grunewald frest). Researchers asked them t walk a specific rute in either lcatin, withut ging ff-curse r using their mbile phnes alng the way. The FMRI scans shwed reduced activity in the amygdala after a walk in the wds, the researchers reprt, which supprts the idea that nature can cause beneficial effects in brain regins invlved with stress.
The researchers als learned smething interesting abut subjects wh tk urban walks. While their amygdala activity didn’t decrease like thse wh tk nature walks, it als didn’t increase, despite having spent an hur in a busy urban setting. “This strngly argues in favr f the psitive effects f nature as ppsed t urban expsure causing additinal stress,” the researchers write.
In any case, the new study ffers sme f the clearest evidence yet that stress-related brain activity can be reduced by taking a walk thrugh a nearby frest, just like ur ancestrs might have dne.
30. Of the fllwing situatins, which is gd t human’s health?
A. Ging t the city.B. Getting ut f wilderness.
C. Having a lve fr nature.D. Being clse t nature.
31. What’s Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A. Changes in the human brain.B. Clues supprting the amygdala.
C. Structure in the middle f the brain.D. Research evidence fr this assciatin.
32. What’s the result f the new study accrding t the subjects?
A. Walking in the wds is helpful t human brain.
B. Ging t the urban areas is gd fr human brain.
C. Using scans is thught highly f by the researchers.
D. Taking a ne-hur walk is essential t reduce stress.
33. What’s the authr’s attitude twards ur ancestrs’ deed?
A. Dubtful.B. Favrable.C. Unclear.D. Intlerant.
【答案】30. D 31. D 32. A 33. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了研究表明，接触大自然能够对身心带来各种各样的好处。
30. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Visiting wilderness, even briefly, is assciated with a variety f mental and physical benefits(即使是短暂的荒野之旅，也会带来各种身心益处)”和第三段中的“The FMRI scans shwed reduced activity in the amygdala after a walk in the wds, the researchers reprt, which supprts the idea that nature can cause beneficial effects in brain regins invlved with stress.(研究人员报告称，磁共振功能成像扫描显示，在树林中散步后，杏仁核的活动减少，这支持了大自然可以对与压力有关的大脑区域产生有益影响的观点。)”可推知，荒野、树林都与大自然有关，接近这些地方对身心有好处，所以接近大自然对人的健康有好处。故选D。
31. 段落大意题。根据第二段“Numerus studies have supprted this assciatin, but we still have a lt t learn. Can just walking in a frest really cause all these beneficial changes in the brain? And if s, hw? One gd place t lk fr clues is the amygdala(杏仁核), a small structure in the center f the brain invlved in stress prcessing, emtinal learning, and the fight-r-flight respnse. Research indicates the amygdala is less active during stress in rural residents cmpared with city dwellers.(许多研究支持了这种联系，但我们还有很多需要学习的地方。在森林里行走真的能引起大脑所有这些有益的变化吗？如果是，怎么引起的？寻找线索的一个好地方是杏仁核，这是大脑中心的一个小结构，涉及压力处理、情绪学习和战斗或逃跑反应。研究表明，与城市居民相比，农村居民的杏仁核在压力下不那么活跃。)”可知，本段主要讲述了这种联系的研究证据，即研究发现了农村居民和城市居民的杏仁核在压力下有不同的反应，这一证据支撑了这种联系。故选D。
32. 细节理解题。第三段中的“The FMRI scans shwed reduced activity in the amygdala after a walk in the wds, the researchers reprt, which supprts the idea that nature can cause beneficial effects in brain regins invlved with stress.(研究人员报告称，磁共振功能成像扫描显示，在树林中散步后，杏仁核的活动减少，这支持了大自然可以对与压力有关的大脑区域产生有益影响的观点。)”可知，这项新研究发现受试者在树林中散步后，他们的杏仁核的活动减少，这说明了在树林里散步对大脑有好处。故选A。
33. 观点态度题。根据最后一段“In any case, the new study ffers sme f the clearest evidence yet that stress-related brain activity can be reduced by taking a walk thrugh a nearby frest, just like ur ancestrs might have dne.(无论如何，这项新研究提供了一些迄今为止最明确的证据，证据表明与压力相关的大脑活动可以通过在附近的森林中散步来减少，就像我们的祖先可能做的那样。)”可知，作者认为可以通过在附近的森林里散步来减少大脑中与压力有关的活动，就像我们的祖先曾做的一样，由此可推测出，作者对祖先的行为表示支持。故选B。
（2023上·吉林长春·高二长春市第五中学校考阶段练习）Des using an ec-friendly paper straw (吸管) give yu a gd feeling because yu’re ding smething fr the envirnment? “Straws made frm plant-based materials, such as paper and bamb, are ften advertised as being mre sustainable and ec-friendly than thse made frm plastic,” says researcher Dr. Thim Grffen, an envirnmental scientist at the University f Antwerp. “Hwever, the presence f PFAS in these straws means that culd be discredited.”
PFAS chemicals, infamus fr their lngevity and ptential harm, can adversely affect humans, wildlife and the envirnment. They bidegrade (生物降解) very slwly ver time and can persist ver thusands f years in the envirnment, a prperty that has led t them being knwn as “frever chemicals”. They are linked t varius health issues, including thyrid disease, liver damage, kidney cancer and s n. Furthermre, these chemicals are used in everyday items, such as utdr clthing and nn-stick pans, t make them water and heat-resistant.
Fr a mre in-depth analysis, the research team purchased 39 different brands f drinking straws made frm five materials — paper, bamb, glass, stainless steel and plastic, and then cnducted tw runds f testing fr PFAS. They fund that mst brands (69%) cntained PFAS, with 18 different PFAS detected in ttal. In paper straws, PFAS was detected in 90% f the brands tested. PFAS was als detected in 80% f brands f bamb straws, 75% f plastic straw brands and 40% f glass straw brands. They were nt detected in any f the five types f steel straws tested.
“The presence f PFAS in paper and bamb straws shws they are nt necessarily bidegradable,” says Dr. Grffen. “We did nt detect any PFAS in stainless steel straws, s I wuld advise cnsumers t use this type f straw — r just avid using straws.”
The PFAS cncentratins (浓度) were lw and, cnsidering that mst peple nly use straws ccasinally, pse a limited risk t human health. Hwever, PFAS can remain in the bdy fr many years and cncentratins can build up ver time. “Small amunts f PFAS, while nt harmful in themselves, can add t the chemical lad already present in the bdy,” Dr. Grffen cncludes.
34. What des the underlined wrd “discredited” in paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A. Plain.B. Relevant.
C. Dubtful.D. Frceful.
35. Why are PFAS chemicals knwn as “frever chemicals”?
A. They are resistant t water and heat.
B. They take a lng time t break dwn.
C. They exist widely in daily necessities.
D. They may cause varius cmmn diseases.
36. What can we knw frm the test fr PFAS?
A. PFAS was fund in all five types f straws.
B. Paper straws were mst likely t cntain PFAS.
C. Stainless steel straws are harmless t human health.
D. Glass straws were the mst envirnmentally friendly straws.
37. What des the authr intend t d in the last paragraph?
A. T stress the ptential risks f PFAS.
B. T shw appraches t using straws safely.
C. T present the advantages f stainless steel straws.
D. T appeal t cnsumers t avid using straws in daily life.
【答案】34. C 35. B 36. B 37. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了安特卫普大学的环境科学家、研究员蒂莫·格罗芬博士表示，用纸和竹子等植物材料制成的吸管，通常被宣传为比塑料制成的吸管更可持续、更环保。然而，这些吸管中PFAS的存在意味着这可能是不可信的。
34. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词句中“Hwever, the presence f PFAS in these straws means…”（然而，这些吸管中PFAS的存在意味着……）以及第二段中“PFAS chemicals, infamus fr their lngevity and ptential harm, can adversely affect humans, wildlife and the envirnment.”（PFAS化学物质因其寿命长和潜在危害而臭名昭著，会对人类、野生动物和环境产生不利影响。）可知，此处应为这些吸管中PFAS的存在意味着这可能是不可信的。故可猜测划线单词discredited为“不可信”的意思，结合选项C项Dubtful“怀疑的”意思一致。故选C项。
35. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They bidegrade (生物降解) very slwly ver time and can persist ver thusands f years in the envirnment, a prperty that has led t them being knwn as “frever chemicals”.”（随着时间的推移，它们的生物降解非常缓慢，可以在环境中存在数千年，这一特性使它们被称为“永远的化学物质”。）可知，PFAS化学物质被称为“永远的化学物质”是因为它们需要很长时间才能降解。故选B项。
36. 细节理解题。根据第三段“They fund that mst brands (69%) cntained PFAS, with 18 different PFAS detected in ttal. In paper straws, PFAS was detected in 90% f the brands tested. PFAS was als detected in 80% f brands f bamb straws, 75% f plastic straw brands and 40% f glass straw brands.”（他们发现大多数品牌(69%)含有PFAS，总共检测到18种不同的PFAS。在纸质吸管中，90%的品牌检测到PFAS。在80%的竹吸管、75%的塑料吸管和40%的玻璃吸管中也检测到PFAS。）可知，从PFAS测试中我们能知道纸吸管最可能含有PFAS。故选B项。
37. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The PFAS cncentratins (浓度) were lw and, cnsidering that mst peple nly use straws ccasinally, pse a limited risk t human health. Hwever, PFAS can remain in the bdy fr many years and cncentratins can build up ver time. “Small amunts f PFAS, while nt harmful in themselves, can add t the chemical lad already present in the bdy,” Dr. Grffen cncludes.”（PFAS浓度较低，考虑到大多数人只是偶尔使用吸管，对人体健康构成的风险有限。然而，PFAS可以在体内停留多年，浓度会随着时间的推移而增加。“少量的PFAS虽然本身无害，但会增加体内已经存在的化学负荷，”Grffen博士总结道。）可推知，作者在最后一段想强调PFAS的潜在风险。故选A项。
（2023上·江苏南通·高三统考阶段练习）Prtia Kapraun has always seen unwelcme ads n Twitter, usually frm majr brands pitching (竭力推销) her expensive jewelry r vehicles that she, as a librarian in Indiana, culd nt affrd. Ms. Kapraun was nt interested. But she sn saw the ads again. And again. And again. “These feel like lw-end ads,” she said. In a shaky advertising market in an uncertain ecnmy, ads that few peple want t see suddenly seem t be everywhere.
Advancements in digital advertising technlgy were meant t imprve users’ experience. Peple interested in shes are intended t get ads fr sneakers and bts, nt repeated pitches prmting gld investments. And the technlgy is suppsed t remve misleading r dangerus pitches. But lately, n several platfrms, the ppsite seems t be happening fr a variety f reasns, including a slwdwn in the verall digital ad market. As numerus deep-pcketed markets have pulled back, and the sfter market has led several digital platfrms t lwer their ad pricing, pprtunities have pened up fr less demanding advertisers.
Advertising experts agree that pr-quality ads appear t be increasing greatly. They pint t a variety f ptential causes: internal trubles at technlgy cmpanies, weak cntent mderatin (审核), and high-level advertisers seeking ther chices. Then, there’s the ecnmy: A recent survey f 43 multinatinal cmpanies representing mre than $44 billin in advertising spending fund that nearly 30 percent planned t cut back n their marketing spending last year.
Other factrs are als cntributing t lwer advertising quality. Scial media advertising, nce nly practiced by specialists, is nw easily available t anyne. Many f them are aviding targeted ads—placements intended t reach specific audiences, usually at a higher cst -- in favr f a cheaper spray-and-pray (广撒网式的) apprach nline, hping t catch the attentin f gullible (容易受骗的) r bred shppers. Majr scial media platfrms are nw like “a mall that used t be gd”, Crey Richardsn, vice president at a multicultural ad cmpany, says. “But nw there’s n lnger a mall there —it’s just a place selling anything.”
38. What message des the authr want t deliver in Prtia Kapraun’s stry?
A. Repeated ads have a strng pwer f persuasin.
B. Scial media users ften encunter unwanted ads.
C. Majr brands usually prefer scial media advertising.
D. An uncertain ecnmy leads t lwer levels f cnsumptin.
39. What can be inferred abut the “less demanding advertisers” mentined in Paragraph 2?
A. They are frced t exit the digital ad market.
B. They have benefited frm advertising experts.
C. They wrk hard t imprve their users’ experience.
D. They can nw advertise at a mre affrdable price.
40. What is Crey Richardsn’s attitude t majr scial media platfrms?
A. Negative.B. Unclear.C. Favrable.D. Hpeful
41. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Where is scial media advertising heading?
B. What is shaking up the nline advertising market?
C. Why are yu seeing s many bad digital ads nw?
D. Hw are targeted ads impacting yur-purchase decisins?
【答案】38. B 39. D 40. A 41. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是随着数字广告市场的低迷和经济不确定性，用户开始在社交媒体平台上遇到越来越多低质量的广告，这些低质量的广告导致主要的社交媒体平台逐渐变得没有吸引力，只剩下了一些低价的广告商。
38. 推理判断题。 根据第一段中“Prtia Kapraun has always seen unwelcme ads n Twitter, usually frm majr brands pitching (竭力推销) her expensive jewelry r vehicles that she, as a librarian in Indiana, culd nt affrd. Ms. Kapraun was nt interested. But she sn saw the ads again. And again. And again. (Prtia kappraun总是在Twitter上看到不受欢迎的广告，通常是大品牌向她推销昂贵的珠宝或汽车，作为印第安纳州的图书管理员，她买不起这些广告。Ms. Kapraun对此不感兴趣。但她很快又看到了广告。一次又一次。一次又一次。)”可知，作者想在Prtia kappraun的故事中传达的信息是社交媒体用户经常会遇到不想要的广告。故选B。
39. 推理判断题。 根据第二段中“As numerus deep-pcketed markets have pulled back, and the sfter market has led several digital platfrms t lwer their ad pricing(随着众多财力雄厚的市场纷纷退出，市场疲软导致一些数字平台降低了广告定价)”可知，由于广告市场放缓，财力雄厚的广告资本退出市场因此很多数字平台降低了广告的定价，由此导致很多要求很低的广告商获得了机会即可以以较低的价格承接广告，因此我们可以从less demanding advertisers推断出他们现在可以以更实惠的价格做广告，故选D。
40. 推理判断题。 根据最后一段中“Many f them are aviding targeted ads—placements intended t reach specific audiences, usually at a higher cst -- in favr f a cheaper spray-and-pray (广撒网式的) apprach nline, hping t catch the attentin f gullible (容易受骗的) r bred shppers.(他们中的许多人都在避免针对特定受众的定向广告投放（通常成本较高），而倾向于采用更便宜的在线投放方式，希望吸引易受骗或无聊的购物者的注意。)”以及“Majr scial media platfrms are nw like “a mall that used t be gd”, Crey Richardsn, vice president at a multicultural ad cmpany, says. “But nw there’s n lnger a mall there —it’s just a place selling anything.””(一家多元文化广告公司的副总裁Crey Richardsn表示，主流社交媒体平台现在就像“一个曾经很好的购物中心”。“但现在那里已经没有购物中心了——只是一个卖东西的地方。”)”可知，如今的社交媒体平台倾向以更便宜的在线“广撒网式的”方式投放广告吸引吸引购物者的注意而非更高成本的定向投入广告，因此降低了广告的质量，因此Crey Richardsn对当前社交媒体平台的态度是消极的。故选A。
41. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“But lately, n several platfrms, the ppsite seems t be happening fr a variety f reasns, including a slwdwn in the verall digital ad market. As numerus deep-pcketed markets have pulled back, and the sfter market has led several digital platfrms t lwer their ad pricing, pprtunities have pened up fr less demanding advertisers.(但最近，在一些平台上，由于各种原因，包括整体数字广告市场的放缓，情况似乎正好相反。随着众多财力雄厚的市场收缩，以及市场疲软导致数家数字平台降低广告定价，机会为要求较低的广告商敞开了大门。)”，第三段“Advertising experts agree that pr-quality ads appear t be increasing greatly. They pint t a variety f ptential causes: internal trubles at technlgy cmpanies, weak cntent mderatin (审核), and high-level advertisers seeking ther chices.(广告专家一致认为，低质量的广告似乎正在大幅增加。他们指出了各种各样的潜在原因：科技公司的内部问题，内容审核不力，以及高级广告商寻求其他选择。)”和第四段“Other factrs are als cntributing t lwer advertising quality.(其他因素也导致广告质量下降。)”可知，本文主要讲的是随着数字广告市场的低迷和经济不确定性，用户开始在社交媒体平台上遇到越来越多低质量的广告，这些低质量的广告导致主要的社交媒体平台逐渐变得没有吸引力，只剩下了一些低价的广告商。因此C选项“Why are yu seeing s many bad digital ads nw?(为什么你现在看到这么多糟糕的数字广告？)”适合文章标题。故选C。
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Mike Shepherd(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cld winter's evening and freezing fg hung in the air. I climbed t the tp f a small rise and realised that the mist was little mre than a few feet deep, and thugh it was nly a shrt climb, I fund myself cmpletely abve it and lking at a wnderfully clear view f Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated frm my cllege days spent in the darkrm int Phtshp, t achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
Timthy Smith(2014)
Macclesfield Frest
Cheshire, England
I was back in my hme twn f Macclesfield t take sme winter images. Walking up a path thrugh the frest twards Shutlingsle, a lcal high pint, I came acrss a small clearing and immediately nticed the dead yellw grasses set against the fresh snw. The small pine added t the interest and I placed it centrally t take the view frm the fregrund right thrugh int the frest.