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第05讲 九上复习 定语从句-译林版九年级英语精品课教案
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九年级英语精品课第05讲九上复习定语从句【基础知识】定语从句1.概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句如：I know the girlwho is sitting under the tree. ↓ ↓ ↓先行词引导词从句（定语从句）2. 关系词的选用：3、关系词的省略：关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。4.关系代词只能用that的情况(1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember.(2)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that. 如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you?(3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who). 如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used.(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that. 如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read.(5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that. 如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?5. 关系代词只能用which的情况(1)先行词有指示代词（that/this/these/those）修饰如：I am reading that book which you read yesterday. 我在看你昨天看的那本书(2)引导词前有介词如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。6. 定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人 He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一【考点剖析】考点一：关系词的选用例1．Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China. TuYouyou is the woman ________ used the plant's special power to save millions of lives.A．which B．who C．whose D．/【答案】B【详解】句意：青蒿在中国是一种普通的植物，屠呦呦是这位使用这种植物的特殊的能量拯救了几百万个生命的女士。根据句意可知，这个空到句末是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the woman，是一个人。which引导定语从句，先行词是物；who引导定语从句，先行词是人；whose是...的，意思不合适。引导词who在从句中做主语，不能省略，故应选B。例2．Is there anyone in your class ______ family is in the country?A．who B．who's C．his D．whose【答案】D【详解】句意：在你班里有哪个人的家是在那个国家吗？考查定语从句的关系代词。A. who（谁）；B. who's（谁是）；C. his（他的）；D. whose（谁的）；判断空格在定语从句中当名词的定语，指“谁的家”；who可当定语从句关系词，当从句的主语，所以排除A；B、C不能做定语从句的关系词，所以排除B、C，故选D。例3．All people have a keen desire for a more peaceful world_______ provides equal opportunities for each.A．in which B．that C．/ D．in that【答案】B【详解】句意：所有人都渴望有一个更加和平的世界，为每个人提供平等的机会。本题考查定语从句关系词。根据句子结构可知，先行词是world，是一个指物的名词，在从句_______ provides equal opportunities for each.中做主语，所以本题应该选择B。考点二：只能用that的情况例4．—Is everything __________ we need to do __________?—Yes. You needn’t worry about it.A．which; has done B．which; doing C．that; done【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——我们所需要做的一切都做完了吗？——是的，你们不必担心。which和that都可以引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，在定语从句中，当先行词是不定代词时，关系代词用that，故排除A和B，选C。第二个空done与句首的is搭配，是一般现在时的被动语态,故选C。例5．The only thing _____ can be done is to stop them from going there.A．that B．which C．what【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：唯一能做的事就是阻止他们去那。先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时，只能用that。结合句意，故选A考点三：定语从句的主谓一致改写句子例6．I will ask someone. Someone likes serious movies. (改为定语从句)I will ask someone ________ ________ serious movies.【答案】who likes 【详解】句意：我会问某人。某人喜欢严肃的电影。本句先行词是someone，指人，引导词可用who，在从句中作主语，likes作谓语动词。故填who；likes。考点四：关系词的省略根据句意填空例7． The next question ________ I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.【答案】that/省略【详解】句意：下一个我觉得难以回答的问题是玛丽向我提出的。考查定语从句关系词。先行词是question，是物，且在从句中作answer的宾语，又被the next修饰，因此关系代词选用that或省略，不能用which。故填that/省略。例8． This radio set ________ we have had for two years is a good one.【答案】which/that/省略【详解】句意：这台我们用了两年的收音机是一台好的收音机。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是“radio set”指物，引导词在其后的从句中作宾语，可用which/that/省略引导。故填which/that/省略。【真题演练】1．Agatha Christie was a female writer ________ is considered the queen of crime novels.A．what B．whose C．who D．which【答案】C【详解】句意：阿加莎·克里斯蒂是一位被誉为犯罪小说女王的女作家。考查关系代词。what不能引导定语从句；whose是关系代词，指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语；who是关系代词，指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据题干可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词writer指人，引导词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导，故选C。2．—Tom, where do you work?—I work in a shop ________ sells different kinds of vegetables.A．where B．who C．which D．what【答案】C【详解】句意：——Tom，你在哪里工作。——我在一家卖各种蔬菜的商店工作。考查定语从句的引导词。where关系副词，指地点，从句中作状语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；分析句子可知，横线处及后面是定语从句，首先排除D选项；空格处缺少主语，副词不能作主语，所以排除A选项；本句先行词a shop是物，所以关系词用which，排除B选项；故选C。3．—I have read books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.A．how B．who C．what D．that【答案】D【详解】句意：——我读过查尔斯·狄更斯写的书。——我也是。大卫·科波菲尔是我的最爱。考查定语从句的引导词。how关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作状语；who关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为人；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为人或物。本句中先行词为物，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that引导定语从句。故选D。4．The active ladies like music ________ they can dance to.A．that B．where C．who【答案】A【详解】句意：活跃的女士们喜欢可以随着音乐跳舞的音乐。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词music指物，在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句，故选A。5．—I still remember all the stories ________ my grandma told me.—The memories of our childhood are always hard to forget.A．what B．who C．that【答案】C【详解】句意：——我仍然记得我奶奶告诉我的所有故事。——童年的记忆总是难以忘记。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是all the stories，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，故选C。6．Is this the museum you visited last year?A．where B．that C．in which【答案】B【详解】句意：这是你去年参观的博物馆吗？考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词the museum是指物，在从句中作宾语，用关系词that，故选B。7．I will never forget the people _________ helped me a lot during my hard time.A．which B．who C．whose D．whom【答案】B【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记那些在我困难时期帮助过我的人。考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作定语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；句子先行词是people，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故选B。8．Great changes have taken place here. Everything ________ comes into my eyes is so new to me.A．that B．which C．who D．whom【答案】A【详解】句意：这里发生了巨大的变化。我所看到的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是不定代词Everything，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，只能用that。故选A。9．—Yuan Longping is a hero ________ is known for developing hybrid rice（杂交水稻）. —Yes. He is a great man.A．which B．whom C．what D．that【答案】D【详解】句意：——袁隆平是以发展杂交水稻而闻名的英雄。——是的。他是个伟人。考查定语从句的引导词。which关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为物；whom关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为物或人，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知，空处的词是引导定语从句，先行词为人，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that。故选D。10．—Have you heard of the story of Mulan?—Of course. Mulan is a brave girl ________ her father’s place to fight in the army.A．whom take B．that take C．which takes D．who takes【答案】D【详解】句意：——你听说过木兰的故事吗？——当然。木兰是一个勇敢的女孩，她代替父亲参军。考查定语从句和主谓一致。whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；that关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；句子是定语从句，先行词是girl，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导定语从句，先行词是单数名词，从句谓语动词应用三单形式，故选D。11．I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.A．which B．what C．who D．whom【答案】A【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。考查定语从句。which哪一个；what什么；who谁；whom谁，who的宾语。该句为定语从句，且从句中缺宾语，先行词place指物，故应用关系代词which，故选A。12．I’d like to express my thanks to everyone ________ served the community.A．which B．who C．where D．when【答案】B【详解】句意：我想对每一个为社区服务的人表示感谢。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，everyone是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选B。13．In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.A．who B．that C．whom D．what【答案】B【详解】句意：在我看来，在所有的书中，这是唯一值得一读的。考查定语从句关系词。根据“of all the books, this is the only one”可知先行词the only one指物，先行词用the only修饰时，只能用that引导限制性定语从句。故选B。14．On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.A．who B．whose C．which D．what【答案】C【详解】句意：2020年12月31日，习近平主席的新年讲话鼓舞了中国人民更加努力地为祖国奋斗。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；句子先行词是speech，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用which引导，故选C。 关系代词指代在定从中所作成分例句which物主语宾语Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。that人、物主语宾语Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。The girl that has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。who人主语宾语The girl who has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。whom人宾语He is the student that/who/whom I like best.他是我最喜欢的学生whose人的，物的定语I like those books whose topics are about history. 我喜欢那些话题是历史的书
九年级英语精品课第05讲九上复习定语从句【基础知识】定语从句1.概念：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句如：I know the girlwho is sitting under the tree. ↓ ↓ ↓先行词引导词从句（定语从句）2. 关系词的选用：3、关系词的省略：关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。4.关系代词只能用that的情况(1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember.(2)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that. 如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you?(3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who). 如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used.(4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that. 如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read.(5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that. 如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?5. 关系代词只能用which的情况(1)先行词有指示代词（that/this/these/those）修饰如：I am reading that book which you read yesterday. 我在看你昨天看的那本书(2)引导词前有介词如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。6. 定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人 He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一【考点剖析】考点一：关系词的选用例1．Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China. TuYouyou is the woman ________ used the plant's special power to save millions of lives.A．which B．who C．whose D．/【答案】B【详解】句意：青蒿在中国是一种普通的植物，屠呦呦是这位使用这种植物的特殊的能量拯救了几百万个生命的女士。根据句意可知，这个空到句末是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the woman，是一个人。which引导定语从句，先行词是物；who引导定语从句，先行词是人；whose是...的，意思不合适。引导词who在从句中做主语，不能省略，故应选B。例2．Is there anyone in your class ______ family is in the country?A．who B．who's C．his D．whose【答案】D【详解】句意：在你班里有哪个人的家是在那个国家吗？考查定语从句的关系代词。A. who（谁）；B. who's（谁是）；C. his（他的）；D. whose（谁的）；判断空格在定语从句中当名词的定语，指“谁的家”；who可当定语从句关系词，当从句的主语，所以排除A；B、C不能做定语从句的关系词，所以排除B、C，故选D。例3．All people have a keen desire for a more peaceful world_______ provides equal opportunities for each.A．in which B．that C．/ D．in that【答案】B【详解】句意：所有人都渴望有一个更加和平的世界，为每个人提供平等的机会。本题考查定语从句关系词。根据句子结构可知，先行词是world，是一个指物的名词，在从句_______ provides equal opportunities for each.中做主语，所以本题应该选择B。考点二：只能用that的情况例4．—Is everything __________ we need to do __________?—Yes. You needn’t worry about it.A．which; has done B．which; doing C．that; done【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：——我们所需要做的一切都做完了吗？——是的，你们不必担心。which和that都可以引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，在定语从句中，当先行词是不定代词时，关系代词用that，故排除A和B，选C。第二个空done与句首的is搭配，是一般现在时的被动语态,故选C。例5．The only thing _____ can be done is to stop them from going there.A．that B．which C．what【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：唯一能做的事就是阻止他们去那。先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时，只能用that。结合句意，故选A考点三：定语从句的主谓一致改写句子例6．I will ask someone. Someone likes serious movies. (改为定语从句)I will ask someone ________ ________ serious movies.【答案】who likes 【详解】句意：我会问某人。某人喜欢严肃的电影。本句先行词是someone，指人，引导词可用who，在从句中作主语，likes作谓语动词。故填who；likes。考点四：关系词的省略根据句意填空例7． The next question ________ I found difficult to answer was put to me by Mary.【答案】that/省略【详解】句意：下一个我觉得难以回答的问题是玛丽向我提出的。考查定语从句关系词。先行词是question，是物，且在从句中作answer的宾语，又被the next修饰，因此关系代词选用that或省略，不能用which。故填that/省略。例8． This radio set ________ we have had for two years is a good one.【答案】which/that/省略【详解】句意：这台我们用了两年的收音机是一台好的收音机。分析句子结构可知，此句是定语从句，先行词是“radio set”指物，引导词在其后的从句中作宾语，可用which/that/省略引导。故填which/that/省略。【真题演练】1．Agatha Christie was a female writer ________ is considered the queen of crime novels.A．what B．whose C．who D．which【答案】C【详解】句意：阿加莎·克里斯蒂是一位被誉为犯罪小说女王的女作家。考查关系代词。what不能引导定语从句；whose是关系代词，指代人或物，在定语从句中作定语；who是关系代词，指代人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指代物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。根据题干可知，本句是一个定语从句，先行词writer指人，引导词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导，故选C。2．—Tom, where do you work?—I work in a shop ________ sells different kinds of vegetables.A．where B．who C．which D．what【答案】C【详解】句意：——Tom，你在哪里工作。——我在一家卖各种蔬菜的商店工作。考查定语从句的引导词。where关系副词，指地点，从句中作状语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；分析句子可知，横线处及后面是定语从句，首先排除D选项；空格处缺少主语，副词不能作主语，所以排除A选项；本句先行词a shop是物，所以关系词用which，排除B选项；故选C。3．—I have read books ________ were written by Charles Dickens.—So do I. David Copperfield is my favorite.A．how B．who C．what D．that【答案】D【详解】句意：——我读过查尔斯·狄更斯写的书。——我也是。大卫·科波菲尔是我的最爱。考查定语从句的引导词。how关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作状语；who关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为人；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为人或物。本句中先行词为物，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that引导定语从句。故选D。4．The active ladies like music ________ they can dance to.A．that B．where C．who【答案】A【详解】句意：活跃的女士们喜欢可以随着音乐跳舞的音乐。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词music指物，在从句中作宾语，用that引导定语从句，故选A。5．—I still remember all the stories ________ my grandma told me.—The memories of our childhood are always hard to forget.A．what B．who C．that【答案】C【详解】句意：——我仍然记得我奶奶告诉我的所有故事。——童年的记忆总是难以忘记。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是all the stories，指物，引导词在从句中作宾语，故选C。6．Is this the museum you visited last year?A．where B．that C．in which【答案】B【详解】句意：这是你去年参观的博物馆吗？考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词the museum是指物，在从句中作宾语，用关系词that，故选B。7．I will never forget the people _________ helped me a lot during my hard time.A．which B．who C．whose D．whom【答案】B【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记那些在我困难时期帮助过我的人。考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作定语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；句子先行词是people，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导，故选B。8．Great changes have taken place here. Everything ________ comes into my eyes is so new to me.A．that B．which C．who D．whom【答案】A【详解】句意：这里发生了巨大的变化。我所看到的一切对我来说都是如此的新鲜。考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是不定代词Everything，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，只能用that。故选A。9．—Yuan Longping is a hero ________ is known for developing hybrid rice（杂交水稻）. —Yes. He is a great man.A．which B．whom C．what D．that【答案】D【详解】句意：——袁隆平是以发展杂交水稻而闻名的英雄。——是的。他是个伟人。考查定语从句的引导词。which关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为物；whom关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；what不能引导定语从句；that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为物或人，在从句中作主语或宾语。根据句子结构可知，空处的词是引导定语从句，先行词为人，且引导词在从句中作主语，应用that。故选D。10．—Have you heard of the story of Mulan?—Of course. Mulan is a brave girl ________ her father’s place to fight in the army.A．whom take B．that take C．which takes D．who takes【答案】D【详解】句意：——你听说过木兰的故事吗？——当然。木兰是一个勇敢的女孩，她代替父亲参军。考查定语从句和主谓一致。whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语；that关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；句子是定语从句，先行词是girl，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who/that引导定语从句，先行词是单数名词，从句谓语动词应用三单形式，故选D。11．I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.A．which B．what C．who D．whom【答案】A【详解】句意：我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。考查定语从句。which哪一个；what什么；who谁；whom谁，who的宾语。该句为定语从句，且从句中缺宾语，先行词place指物，故应用关系代词which，故选A。12．I’d like to express my thanks to everyone ________ served the community.A．which B．who C．where D．when【答案】B【详解】句意：我想对每一个为社区服务的人表示感谢。考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，everyone是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选B。13．In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.A．who B．that C．whom D．what【答案】B【详解】句意：在我看来，在所有的书中，这是唯一值得一读的。考查定语从句关系词。根据“of all the books, this is the only one”可知先行词the only one指物，先行词用the only修饰时，只能用that引导限制性定语从句。故选B。14．On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.A．who B．whose C．which D．what【答案】C【详解】句意：2020年12月31日，习近平主席的新年讲话鼓舞了中国人民更加努力地为祖国奋斗。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；句子先行词是speech，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用which引导，故选C。 关系代词指代在定从中所作成分例句which物主语宾语Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。that人、物主语宾语Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。The girl that has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。who人主语宾语The girl who has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。whom人宾语He is the student that/who/whom I like best.他是我最喜欢的学生whose人的，物的定语I like those books whose topics are about history. 我喜欢那些话题是历史的书
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