专题01 中华传统文化-中考英语热点时文阅读专项训练

这是一份专题01 中华传统文化-中考英语热点时文阅读专项训练，共36页。
（1）文章导读
阅读理解
A篇：七夕节：七夕今宵看碧霄，牵牛织女渡河桥。七夕节中国传统节日，国家级非物质文化遗产之一。千百年来，爱的赞歌跨越时空。那么，七夕节如何产生的呢？
B篇：春节与圣诞节习俗背后的古老传说。
C篇：犬子、楷模、令郎古人的称谓里大有学问。
D篇：买“东西”、意见相“左”……方位词折射出的中华文化内涵。
E篇：才高八斗、半斤八两那些数字里面表达中华文化的一些内涵。
完形填空
Clze1中国传统经典故事——抛砖引玉。
Clze2中国传统经典故事——程门立雪。
阅读回答问题：国学故事——德才兼备。
A、阅读理解
At night when the sky is dtted with stars, and peple can see the Milky Way spanning frm the nrth t the suth．On each bank f it is a bright star, which see each ther frm afar．They are the Cwherd and Weaver Maid, and abut them there is a beautiful lve stry passed dwn frm generatin t generatin．And Qixi Festival came int being, It is Chinese traditinal festival which falls n the seventh day f the seventh lunar mnth．Indeed, mst Chinese remember being tld the stry f a rmantic tragedy (浪漫悲剧) when they were children.
It’s the stry f Zhinv, r the Weaving Maid, and her husband Niulang the Cwherd.
Niulang and Zhinv are bth gds in Chinese mythlgy．Niulang is respnsible fr the heavenly cw．Zhinv is the yungest daughter f the Heavenly Queen Mther and the Jade Emperr．She is gd at weaving（编织）and her jb is t create cluds.
Niulang and Zhinv fell in lve with each ther at first sight．This was against the law f Heaven! The Heavenly Queen Mther felt angry．She sent Niulang dwn t the earth t herd（放牧）cws．Zhinv, meanwhile, was made t create clurful cluds all day lng．She missed Niulang and kept crying.
One day, Zhinv and her sisters were allwed t take a bath n the earth．When they were bathing．Niulang happened t walk past．Zhinv immediately recgnized him．The tw were s excited! They gt married and lived happily n the earth．They even had tw lvely children.
But gd times rarely last．After learning abut Niulang and Zhinv's marriage, the Heavenly Queen Mther sent sldiers t bring her daughter back．Niulang felt sad．What wuld life be like withut Zhinv? Seeing this, ne f his cws tld him, "If yu kill me and put n my skin, yu will be able t travel t Heaven t see Zhinv．Unwillingly, Niulang did as he was tld．Then, he set ut t find his wife.
This made the Heavenly Queen Mther even angrier．She created a large river t separate the tw．Unable t crss the river, Niulang cried all day and all night．The deep lve between Niulang and Zhinv mved sme magpies,（喜鹊）The birds built a clurful bridge acrss the river, allwing the tw t reunite.
In the end, the Heavenly Queen Mther was als mved．She allwed Niulang and the tw children t stay in Heaven．The family is nw able t reunite nce a year --n the seventh day f the seventh lunar mnth.
This is hw Qixi came int being．The festival can be traced back t the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220).
Traditinally, peple wuld lk up at the sky and find tw bright stars, identified as Niulang and Zhinv, shining n ppsite sides f the Milky Way.
Qixi later became nt nly a special day fr lvers, but als fr girls．It is als knwn as the “Begging fr Skills Festival” r “Daughters’ Festival”.
1．Accrding t the article, why did the Heavenly Queen Mther send Niulang dwn t the earth.
A．Because he and Zhinv gt married.
B．Because he perfrmed terribly in his jb.
C．Because he was implite t her daughters.
D．Because he fell in lve with her yungest daughter.
2．Accrding t the article, when did Zhinv and Niulang meet again after Niulang had been sent dwn t the earth?
A．While Zhinv was taking a walk alne n the earth.
B．While Niulang was ging n hliday in Heaven.
C．While Zhinv was bathing n the earth with her sisters.
D．While the Heavenly Queen Mther was sleeping deeply.
3．Accrding t the article, hw was Niulang able t travel t Heaven?
A．By crying all day and all night.
B．By killing ne f his cws and putting n its skin.
C．By asking sme magpies t build a bridge fr him.
D．By begging the Heavenly Queen Mther fr a chance.
4．We can learn frm the article that__________.
A．Zhinv and Niulang nw meet every year n July 7th
B．Zhinv is nw able t see her children nly nce a year
C．in the end, bth Zhinv and Niulang were driven ut f Heaven
D．the Heavenly Queen Mther has allwed Zhinv t many Niulang
5．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The lve stry f Zhinv and Niulang.
B．Hw Qixi Festival came int being.
C．Hw Chinese peple celebrate Qixi Festival．
D．What Chinese peple d n Qixi Festival
B、阅读理解
When yu think f festivals, which ne cmes t yur mind first? Fr many Chinese peple, it must be Spring Festival, while fr mst Westerners, it might be Christmas．There are many legends and custms abut these tw imprtant festivals．They may lk different, but bth carry peple’s best wishes.
A red and busy hliday
The Lunar New Year, r Spring Festival, is a time fr all Chinese families t get tgether．And fr kids, it may be the happiest time f the year.
Preparatins fr Spring Festival in China started far ahead f New Year’s Day．One cmmn custm is t decrate drs with the characters fu and chunlian.
Peple stick the character fu, r “happiness” n red psters, upside dwn n the dr．This is because the Chinese character da (upside dwn) has the same sund as anther da, which means “arrive”．Placing fu upside dwn means the arrival f happiness．While chunlian, r spring cuplets, refers t tw pieces f red paper with auspicius (吉祥的) wrds written n them – they are usually glued by the sides f the drs.
In Chinese, we refer t “celebrating Spring Festival” as “gu nian”, meaning keeping the mnster (怪兽) f Nian away.
It is said that a lng time ag, a mnster called Nian ate peple n Spring Festival Eve．But Nian was afraid f lud nises, the clr red and fire．S, peple played drums and gngs (锣), set ff firewrks and put up red lanterns t scare Nian．This is still hw peple celebrate Spring Festival tday.
Tree carries best wishes
Christmas is n Dec 25, when many families in the West get tgether and enjy the hliday fun.
On Christmas Eve, a grandpa is said t be very busy sending gifts t children．We usually call him Santa Claus, wh always wears a red cat and hat．A reindeer (驯鹿) called “red-nse Rudlph” wrks with eight ther reindeer t pull Santa’s sleigh (雪橇) s he can travel fast．Children hang Christmas stckings (袜子) n their beds and they find gifts in them n Christmas mrning.
In every family, it wuldn’t be Christmas withut a beautiful tree．Days befre the hliday seasn, Western children begin decrating Christmas trees with clrful lights and stars．Where did the first Christmas tree cme frm? There are many stries abut it.
One is abut the German, Martin Luther．As he was walking thrugh the frest ne Christmas Eve, he saw millins f stars abve evergreen trees．He thught it was beautiful, s he cut dwn a small tree and tk it hme t his family and put candles n it.
Anther stry is abut a pr wdsman．He met a lst and hungry child n Christmas Eve and gave the child fd．He wke up the next mrning t find a beautiful tree utside his dr．The hungry child was an angel (天使), and he wanted t thank the man.
1．Why d peple ften stick the character fu upside dwn n the dr when Spring Festival cmes?
A．because fu means happiness.
B．because it means the arrival f happiness．
C．because it is a Chinese traditinal custm.
D．because it’s cnvenient t d that.
2．Why d peple ften set ff firewrks n Spring Festival Eve?
A．because they like t be lively.
B．because they want t enjy themselves.
C．because they think lud nise can drive away the mnsterNian.
D．because they think it can bring them gd luck.
3．Which f the fllwing statement is right?
A．Spring cuplet are ften sticked n themiddlefthe dr.
B．Peple ften get tgether and enjy their fun during Christmas and Spring Festival.
C．Santa’s sleigh is ften pulled by eight reindeer.
D．The first Christmas tree nly came frm Martin Luther’s stry.
4．What is the main idea f this paragraph?
A．Hw peple celebrate these tw festivals.
B．Hw these tw festivals came int being.
C．Sme legends and custms abut these tw festivals.
D．The same and differences between these tw festivals.
C、阅读理解
Titles like “quanzi” and “kaim” have rted (植根于) themselves deeply int ancient Chinese histry and culture．What d they refer t? Have yu ever wndered what the stries behind these ideas are?
Mdesty and respect
Chinese peple in the past r even smetimes tday call their sns quanzi (犬子)．They believe that dgs are humble (卑微的) animals．When Chinese parents use quanzi t refer t their sns, they are being mdest (谦虚的)．Of curse, mst parents d have high expectatins fr their children and want them t be successful．Hwever, they dn’t usually talk abut this in frnt f thers．Instead, they try t play it dwn．This is similar t hw even rich Chinese peple call their big huses hansha (寒舍), which means “my humble hme”.
Althugh peple are mdest abut themselves, they cmpliment (夸赞) thers a lt．They call their wn sns quanzi, but thers’ sns linglang (令郎), which is a respectful way t say “yur sn”.
Trees f character
In Chinese, kaim (楷模) means “rle mdel”．Bth f these Chinese characters have a “木” n their left side．This means kai and m might have been tw kinds f trees in ancient China, althugh there are different pinins abut this.
Accrding t Duan Chengshi, a btanist (植物学家) wh lived during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), there was a kind f tree called kai in suthwestern China．It was said that there were many kai trees grwing near Cnfucius’ tmb (孔子墓).The trunks (树干) f these trees were very straight．Sme peple thught they were like Cnfucius’ character (人格) – straight and upright.
Legend has it that the m trees grew near the tmb f the Duke f Zhu (周公), a statesman (政治家) f the Zhu Dynasty (11th century-256 BC)．The clr f the m tree’s leaves was said t be pure (纯正的), making the tree a symbl f purity and integrity (正直)．Since the kai and m trees grew near the tmbs f tw respected peple, kaim was then used t refer t rle mdels in general, accrding t Sun Yi, a schlar (学者) wh lived during the Sng Dynasty (960-1279).
1．Why did ancient Chinese ften call their sn quanzi?
A．Because they wanted t express their mdesty.
B．because they wanted t shw ff their talent.
C．Because they had a high expectatin fr their children.
D．Because quanzi is a great title.
2．Accrding t Duan Chengshi, what was the kai tree like?
A．Its leaves were pure and had a deep meaning.
B．It grew near the tmb f the Duke f Zhu.
C．Its trunk was straight and upright.
D．It was a symbl f purity and integrity.
3．Why did Chinese use kai m t stand fr “rle mdel”?
A．Because kai and m bth grew near Cnfucius’ tmb.
B．Because kai and m bth grew near the tmb f the Duke f Zhu
C．Because they had sme respected characters which were similar t Cnfucius and the Duke f Zhu.
D．Because kai and m used t be tw kinds f the mst ppular trees.
4．What’s the main idea f this paragraph?
A．Sme intrductin t sme titles ancient Chinese used.
B．Sme ideas and stries behind sme ancient titles.
C．What the titles “quanzi” and “kaim” mean.
D．Hw ancient Chinese called thers.
D、阅读理解
Many Chinese wrds include directins r psitins such as “east”, “west”, “left” and “right”．Fr example, we say mai dngxi (买东西) instead f mai nanbei (买南北)．What is the Chinese histry and culture hidden behind these wrds?
Up r dwn
We use shang cesu (上厕所) t mean “g t the bathrm” and xia chufang (下厨房) t mean “g t the kitchen”．Why?
In ancient times, huses were laid ut (安排) in a certain way．The gate f the huse wuld face suth, with the bathrm in the nrtheastern part f the huse and the kitchen in the sutheastern part．
On maps, nrth is usually at the tp while suth is at the bttm．In Chinese, we talk abut “the nrth” as shang (上) and “the suth” as xia (下)．S peple wuld say they were ging “up” t the bathrm and “dwn” t the kitchen．
Ancient Chinese nt nly used shang and xia t refer t directins, but als scial status (地位).Shang was seen t be nble (尊贵的), while xia std fr humility (谦卑)．Fr example, peple used huangshang (皇上) t refer t the emperr and dianxia (殿下) t refer t princes wh had a lwer status than the emperr.
Left r right
In Chinese, we say yijian xiangzu (意见相左) when we have different pinins．Why is it nt yijian xiangyu (意见相右)?
Mst peple tday are right-handed．They feel uncmfrtable if they try t use their left hand t write r use chpsticks．This was true in ld times as well．S in ancient Chinese, “left” was related t being different r ppsing (反对) smene, such as in yijian xiangzu．If peple dn’t fllw cmmnly accepted beliefs and pinins, we say they are pangmen zuda (旁门左道)．
“Left” and “right” als have smething t d with peple’s scial status．Fr a lng time in ancient China, “right” std fr higher status than “left”．Fr example, the character “佑”, develped frm “右”, means a persn in a higher psitin wuld prtect smene in a lwer psitin．On the cntrary (相反), “佐” means lw-status peple wuld serve high-status peple．
Where t buy things
When ging shpping, Chinese peple say mai dngxi, instead f mai nanbei.
One thery (说法) says that in the Tang Dynasty, there were tw ppular markets in Chang’an, the natinal capital at the time．One was called the East Market, and the ther was called the West Market．When shpping, peple usually went t the East Market first, and then went t the West Market．As time went by, peple started t describe shpping as mai dngxi.
Anther thery is related t China’s trading histry．Arund the 15th century, the Ming Dynasty began trading with the wrld, and it s happened that mst f its imprted (进口的) gds came frm the east (Japan) and west (Arabia, 阿拉伯半岛)．Markets sld “things frm the east and the west”, which was later simplified (简化) t “east and west”.
1．Which wrd "shang" in the fllwing phrases expresses the same meaning as the wrd "shang" in the phrase "shangcesu"
A．huangshang（皇上）B．shangliushehui (上流社会)
C．beishanglieche (北上列车)D．shangke (上课)
2．Which Chinese phrase shws the cultural meaning f Chinese wrds mentined in the passage?
A．左顾右盼B．七上八下C．无出其右D．日落西山
3．Peple use “left” t shw _____.
a．difference b．prtectin c．different directins d．lw status
A．ab B．ad C．bc D．bd
4.Which f the fllwing statements is right?
A.“dng” and “xi” in ancient Chinese refer t markets.
B．If peple have different pinins, we can say they are pangmenzuda.
C．“Ging dwn t the kitchen” means the kitchen is usually built in the lwer place in ancient China.
D．“dng” and “xi” may refer t gds which came frm the east and west cuntries.
5．What’s the main idea f this paragraph?
A．It tells us hw t use sme Chinese sayings.
B．It tells us what is the meaning f sme Chinese sayings.
C．It tells us sme wrds abut directins r psitins have different meanings nw.
D．It tells us the Chinese histry and culture are hidden behind these wrds abut directins r psitins.
E、阅读理解
Many Chinese idims cntain numbers, such as caiga badu (才高八斗) and banjin baliang (半斤八两)．Why d they have smething t d with numbers?
A talented persn
The idim caiga badu is used t describe a talented persn．It is based n a stry abut Ca Zhi (192-232), the yunger sn f Ca Ca (155-220), a warlrd (诸侯) wh lived during the Three Kingdms perid．
Ca Zhi was ne f the best pets f his time.Besides his petry, his fu (赋) was als excellent．His wrks, such as Lushen Fu (《洛神赋》), are full f beautiful descriptins.
Xie Lingyun (385-433) was a famus pet wh lived during the Eastern Jin Dynasty．He was quite prud f his wn writing, but als admired Ca Zhi’s talent．He nce said t thers: “Heaven nly gave the wrld ne dan f talent, and Ca Zhi alne had eight du．I deserve (值得) ne du, and all the ther pets shuld share the last ne du.”
The dan used was an ancient Chinese measurement fr grain．One dan is equal t 10 du．The idim can be translated int “eight bushels f talent” in English.
Standing tall
In China, peple ften say “standing like a 7-chi-tall man”（堂堂七尺男儿)．Hw tall exactly is a 7-chi-tall man?
When peple say qichi naner (七尺男儿), they’re usually referring t a man wh is tall and strng．Hwever, it’s nt easy t tell exactly hw lng seven chi is．As a traditinal Chinese unit f length, the measurement f chi has changed ften ver time.
In earlier times, such as the Shang Dynasty (16th century-11th century BC), ne chi was abut 16 cm．S seven chi wuld be equal t abut 110 cm．A 7-chi-tall man at the time wuld be a little persn.
When it came t the Three Kingdms perid (220-280), ne chi became lnger and reached 24.2 cm．S seven chi wuld be abut 170 cm, an average height tday.
In the fllwing dynasties, chi kept grwing lnger．It became abut 30 cm in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and finally 35.5 cm in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)．It means that a 7-chi-tall man wuld be 248.5 cm．That wuld be a real giant!
Same difference
The idim banjin baliang (半斤八两) means “same difference”．
One jin and eight liang used t be the same．Chinese peple measured weight differently in the past．At that time, ne jin (500 grams) was made up f 16 liang．S half f ne jin was eight liang.
Peple used a steelyard balance (杆秤) t weigh things．It had 16 gradatins (秤星) n its arm．Each gradatin stands fr ne star in the sky．The 16 gradatins stand fr 16 stars – the Big Dipper (北斗七星), Sagittarius (南斗六星) and the stars f frtune, prsperity and lngevity (福禄寿星).
It was said that if yu cheated smene while trading, yu wuld lse the blessing (庇佑) f these stars．This helped t keep peple hnest while trading.
After 1949, China started t d mre internatinal trade．T make things easier, we changed 16 liang fr ne jin int 10 liang fr ne jin.
1．Frm the text, “caigabadu” first mainly described a talented persn, his name was________
A．Ca CaB．Xie LingyunC．the ther petsD．Ca Zhi
2．What can we learn frm Xie Lingyun’s wrds?
A．He thinks highly f Ca Zhi’s talents.
B．He thinks he deserves mre du than Ca Zhi.
C．He lks dwn n all the ther pets except himself.
D．He thinks all pets shuld share the same amunt f talent.
3．Accrding t the text, hw tall exactly a 7-chi-tall man in the Three Kingdms perid?
A．It was abut 110cm．B．It was abut 170cm.
C．It was abut 231cmD．It was abut 248cm
4．Which f the fllwing statements is nt right?
A．The idim “caigabadu” usually refers t a talented persn.
B．In ancient China, Dan nly referred hw much talent a persn had．
C．The idim “7-chi-tall man” usually refers t a man wh is tall and strng.
D．Befre 1949, banjin weighed the same as eight liang.
5．Hw did the belief in the stars help keep peple hnest while trading?
A．Peple wh cheated thers wuld lse the blessing f the stars.
B．Peple wh cheated thers wuld gain the blessing f the stars.
C．Peple wh cheated thers wuld becme wealthy.
D．The belief in the stars did nt affect peple’s hnesty while trading.
完形填空
Clze1
During the Tang Dynasty, there lived a man named Zha Gu．He was gd at writing ___1___ and s many peple enjyed reading them．
One day, peple wh liked Zha’s pems gt tgether．They ___2__ abut Zha’s ld wrks happily．But it was such a pity that Zha didn’t write ___3__ pems very ften．S they discussed hw they culd get Zha t write．
After a while, a man said, “Zha will travel t Yuhang in Zhejiang prvince．He will ___4___ visit Lingyan Temple because it is very famus.” He ___5___, “Let’s d smething befre he arrives.”
Finally they came up with a gd ___6___．There was a wall in the temple fr peple t write．S they invited a man t write nly tw lines f pem n the wall．
After several days, Zha went t Lingyan Temple．When he saw the tw lines f pem n the temple wall, he culd nt help adding anther tw lines t make it a ___7___ pem with fur lines．
When Zha’s fans ___8___ it, they were excited．The man was nt as ___9__ as Zha, but the tw lines led t Zha’s wnderful pem．This culd be described as “thrwing a brick t attract jade (碧玉).”
Nw peple ften express in this way when they give an pinin r a speech．It is a plite and mdest way t shw their hpe in seeing ther peple ffer smething ____10____．Have yu learnt it?
1．A．lettersB．pemsC．striesD．articles
2．A．saidB．talkedC．spkeD．wrte
3．A．funnyB．usefulC．greatD．new
4．A．surelyB．crrectlyC．suddenlyD．carefully
5．A．wrteB．finishedC．describedD．cntinued
6．A．ideaB．surveyC．signD．present
7．A．strangeB．simpleC．cmpleteD．difficult
8．A．heard abutB．waited frC．cleaned upD．lked after
9．A．beautifulB．pliteC．talentedD．quiet
10．A．smallerB．wrseC．betterD．bigger
Clze2
Respecting teachers has always been a traditin in China．Yang Shi was a philspher in the Nrthern Sng Dynasty．One day, he and his schlmates had different ideas n a questin．T get a ____1____ answer, he went t visit Cheng Yi, the famus philspher．At Cheng’s huse, hwever, the guarding kid tld him that Mr．Cheng was meditating (冥想) in his ____2____ and asked him t g back．Yang ____3____ t leave, s the kid left him alne and went in.
After a while, it began t snw ___4___．The little by came ut again and reminded Yang that Mr．Cheng might spend the whle afternn meditating．He invited Yang t warm himself in the huse t ____5____ the wind and snw．But Yang kept standing in the snw and waiting utside in rder that he culd ask Cheng’s ____6____ n the questin.
As sn as Cheng finished meditating, the by reprted that Yang was waiting utside．When Cheng ____7____ this, he came ut t see Yang．When the dr was pened, everyne was ___8____．The snw was mre than a ft deep, but Yang std still, withut ___9___ his feet．“Yung man, why are yu s silly? Yu culd have cme again smeday!” Cheng tk Yang t the rm at nce．
Cheng was very happy and accepted Yang as his student because f Yang’s pliteness and effrts．He tld Yang all his philsphical thughts．That made a big ___10___ t Yang’s life．Later, Yang really learned a lt and made great cntributins (贡献) t his cuntry.
1．A．simpleB．crrectC．lngD．ppular
2．A．farmB．carC．htelD．rm
3．A．hpedB．decidedC．refusedD．wanted
4．A．heavilyB．earlyC．deeplyD．carefully
5．A．findB．avidC．catchD．hide
6．A．methdB．ruleC．recrdD．pinin
7．A．heardB．achievedC．frgtD．received
8．A．excitedB．relaxedC．shckedD．bred
9．A．smellingB．washingC．cuttingD．mving
10．A．differenceB．chiceC．decisinD．plan
阅读回答问题
There is a stry in the bk Histry as a Mirrr (《资治通鉴》) by Chinese histrian Sima Guang.
Zhi Xuanzi was the head f a big clan (家族) in the State f Jin during the Spring and Autumn Perid
(770-476 BC)．He wanted a clan member, Zhi Ya, t be his successr (继承人).Hwever, anther man in the
clan, Zhi Gu, was against the idea．Zhi Gu listed five strng pints f ZhiYa．Fr example, he was gd at
riding and shting．He was decisive (果断的) and talkative．But Zhi Gu said that he had a big prblem: his
mrals (道德)．He had an unkind heart.
Still, Zhi Xuanzi didn’t listen t the idea．Zhi Ya became the head f the clan．With his leadership
abilities, he quickly made his clan the strngest in Jin．Hwever, because f his aggressive style, three ther clans
wrked tgether t fight against the Zhi clan．Finally, the Zhi clan was beaten.
Sima Guang used this stry t stress the imprtance f mrals．Talent is nt enugh．He said that excellent
peple must have bth talent and virtue ．
Thse wh have virtue but n talent might wrk inefficiently (低效地)．Thse wh have talent but n virtue might nt use their talent prperly．Thse wh have bth talent and virtue were called xiancai (贤才) in ancient times．If yu ask which ne is mre imprtant between the tw, it must be virtue．Only if a persn has virtue can he r she get n the right track .
In 2018, when President Xi Jinping talked with students and teachers at Peking University, he mentined Sima Guang’s ideas．He said gd educatin shuld develp bth a persn’s virtues and talents．Educatrs must fllw this idea．As students, we can als make it ur gal.
1．Wh wrte the bk Histry as a Mirrr?
2．In ZhiGu’s pinin, what were Zhi Ya’s strng pints?
3．Why was ZhiGu against Zhi Ya becming the next leader?
4．What happened t the Zhi clan under Zhi Ya’s leadership?
5．What shuld excellent peple be like, accrding t the stry?
（2）文章导读
阅读理解A篇： 放假、纳凉、外卖……古代人生活方式是如何的呢？
B篇：中秋节和感恩节，都是与家人团聚一起的节日。
C篇：火锅、东坡肉、餐桌礼仪．．．．．．探寻中国饮食文化
D篇：国学故事。千金买马首。
E篇：国学故事。用人如器。
完形填空Clze1中国传统经典故事——闻鸡起舞。
Clze2中国传统经典故事——滴水穿石。
Clze3中国传统经典故事——仓颉造字。
语法填空国学故事——见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也
A阅读理解
Weekends, air cnditiners (空调), takeuts… are all cmmn things fr mdern peple．Have yu ever wndered if ancient peple enjyed the same lifestyles? Let’s take a lk．
1．Why were there n weekends in ancient times?
A．Because ancient peple were mre hard-wrking than mdern nes．
B．Because ancient peple didn’t use a weekly calendar．
C．Because the emperrs didn’t allw their peple t have a rest．
D．Because ancient peple wanted t make mre mney．
2．Hw many ways are mentined t stay cl in ancient China in the passage?
A．One．B．Tw．C．Three．D．Fur．
3．Hw did peple in ancient times keep takeut dishes warm?
A．They put ht water between plates．
B．They lit candles under the dishes．
C．They cvered the dishes with thick clth．
D．They walked fast t deliver (送) the dishes．
4．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A．In ancient China, peple like farmers and businessmen wrked all year rund．
B．Ancient peple used bed mats made f silk t stay cl．
C．Alng the River During the Qingming Festival was painted in Sng Dynasty．
D．Mdern peple still have the same lifestyles as ancient peple．
5．Where can we read this passage prbably?
A．In a nvel．B．In a science bk．C．In a histry magazine．D．In a cking bk．
B阅读理解
Family is imprtant fr everyne, n matter if yu are frm China r abrad．S in bth East and West, we have festivals t celebrate family reunins．These festivals include Mid-Autumn Festival in China and Thanksgiving in the US．Hw are they celebrated and what are the differences? Let’s take a lk．
Sharing the mnlight
With delicius mn cakes hitting the shps, the Mid-Autumn Festival arrives．It’s n the 15th day f the eighth mnth f the Chinese lunar calendar．In ancient China, the day was cnsidered a harvest festival since fruits, vegetables and grain had been cllected frm the fields．
The full mn is a symbl fr family reunins (tuanyuan means reunin in Chinese, with yuan meaning rund)．Chinese peple celebrate by cming tgether t eat, drink and be happy．
On the day, fd fferings (供品) are traditinally placed at altars (供桌) set up in ld yards．Mn cakes are a special festival fd．
When it gets dark, peple lk up at the full mn and drink wine t celebrate r remember friends and relatives wh are far frm hme．“Thugh miles apart, culd men but live frever dreaming they shared this mnlight endlessly! (但愿人长久，千里共婵娟)” wrte Sng Dynasty pet Su Shi．
Shwing ur thanks
Thanksgiving is n the furth Thursday f Nvember．The first Thanksgiving was in December f 1621．Abut 100 English peple tk a ship, the Mayflwer, t a place they named Plymuth in the nrtheastern US．The winter there was very cld and life was difficult．The American Indians (印第安人) helped them a lt．The English peple invited the American Indians t have a big meal t thank them fr all f their help．The celebratin lasted fr three days．
Tday, peple usually have a family meal n Thanksgiving．They enjy delicius fd such as pumpkins, crn and a big, glden turkey．
There are ther traditins n the day．Fr example, the turkey has a V-shaped bne in the breast．It’s called a wishbne．After rasting, tw peple each take ne end f the bne．They make a wish and then pull．If yu get the larger part f the bne, yu will get gd luck．
The mst imprtant part f Thanksgiving is t say “thanks” – this is the spirit f the hliday．Peple als like t watch the Thanksgiving Day Parade (游行) n TV r play American ftball．
1．What d peple usually d n the Mid-Autumn Festival?
a．harvest crps． b．get tgether with family c．eat mncakes
d．remember friends and family far away e．write petry
A．abc B．bcd C．cde D．ade
2．What is the mst imprtant part f Thanksgiving?
A．T express thanks fr help
B．T get the larger part f the V-shaped bne．
C．T get tgether with family
D．T enjy delicius fd
3．What d the tw festivals have in cmmn?
A．They bth last fr 3 days．
B．They bth have parades
C．They bth have family meals
D．Their traditinal fd bth include chicken．
4．What’s the main idea f this paragraph?
A．Hw the tw festivals came int being．
B．Which festival is mre traditinal
C．Hw the tw festivals are celebrated and what the differences are．
D．Different cultures have different meaning and custms．
C阅读理解
China has rich fd culture．There are interesting stries behind sme cuisine (菜肴), as well as table manners relating t tableware (餐具)．
Htpt
Htpt has been ppular amng Chinese peple fr a lng time．As early as in the Shang Dynasty (c．16th century–11th century BC), peple biled fds in brnze cauldrns (青铜鼎)．The cauldrn had tw parts – ne was the pt t ck fds in sup, and the ther part was a layer (层) r a space inside the cauldrn t hld firewd．
Peple started t have lattice (分格的) htpt during the Han Dynasty (206 BC–AD 220)．They divided pts int several parts t enjy different flavrs (口味)．
Yuan Mei was a pet and fdie (美食家) in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)．He mentined hugu, the Chinese name fr htpt, in a bk abut all kinds f fd．At that time, htpt was very ppular．Peple put all kinds f meat and vegetables int the htpt．They als used different materials, such as cpper (铜) and irn (铁), t make pts．
Dngp prk
There is a famus Chinese dish called “Dngp prk”．Des it have anything t d with the great pet Su Dngp?
Yes．Su Dngp (Su Shi) was a pet wh lived during the Sng Dynasty (960-1279)．He was the first t make this dish．When he was a lcal fficial in Huangzhu, Hubei, he fell in lve with cking prk．In his article Ode t Prk (《猪肉颂》), Su wrte abut hw t ck it．
Accrding t flk stries, the dish became well-knwn when Su went t Hangzhu, Zhejiang, t take ffice．One day, there was a big fldand Su went ut t help peple．Peple heard that Su lved eating prk, s they gave him a lt f it．But Su wanted t give it back．He cked the prk in his wn special way．Then he gave the dish t every family in the city and every wrker n the street．Very sn the dish became famus in Hangzhu and gt the name “Dngp prk”．
Chpsticks
What are the ds and dn’ts f using chpsticks?
Fr Chinese peple, chpsticks are nt just simple tls t pick up fd．They cme with their wn special rules and traditins．
First, peple shuld nt make nise with chpsticks．Playing with chpsticks is seen as rude, just as playing with frks and knives in a Western cuntry is．
There are als sme superstitins (迷信) related t chpsticks．Fr example, sme peple believe that chpsticks shuld nt be left standing upright in a bwl．It lks like the incense (香) that Chinese peple use t hnr (祭奠) the dead．Ding it at the dinner table is believed t bring bad luck．
Yu shuld nt tap chpsticks n the edge (边缘) f the bwl either, as beggars d this t ask fr fd．
1．When did peple start t have lattice htpts?
A．During the Shang Dynasty．
B．During the Qin Dynasty．
C．During the Han Dynasty．
D．During the Qing Dynasty．
2．Accrding t the stry, what did Yuan Mei d?
A．He added a layer f space t the brnze cauldrns．
B．He wrte abut htpt in his bk abut cuisine．
C．He taught peple t ck meat and vegetables tgether．
D．He used different materials t make pts．
3．“Dngp prk” was named after Su Dngp because _____．
A．he created the dishB．he wrte a pem t praise the dish
C．he spread the dish t mre citiesD．peple made the dish t remember him
4．Peple gave Su a lt f prk after he fught the fld because _____．
A．Su tried hard t help themB．they wanted Su t praise their prk
C．they wanted Su t ck prk fr themD．they wanted t learn hw t ck prk
5．What is a tab（禁忌） when Chinese peple are using chpsticks?
A．Using chpsticks t pick up fd fr guests．
B．Laying chpsticks sideways n the table．
C．Sticking chpsticks in the fd and leaving them upright．
D．Picking up things ther than fd with chpsticks
D阅读理解
During the Warring States Perid (475-221 BC), King Zha f the State f Yan (燕昭王) wanted t gather talented peple t make the state strng．He asked the schlar (有学问的人) Gu Wei fr advice．Gu tld the king a stry．
In ancient times, there was a king wh wanted a special kind f hrse．This hrse culd run 1,000 li a day．It was called qianlima．He sent many peple t find these hrses and buy them fr him．After three years, nbdy fund him such a hrse．
One day, smene new vlunteered t help．Within three mnths, he heard abut a qianlima．He rushed t find it, but the hrse was already dead．Still, he bught the bnes f the hrse with 500 pieces f gld．
The king was very angry．“What I want is a live hrse, nt the bnes f a dead hrse!”
The man answered calmly (冷静地), “Imagine this．Yu’re willing t pay a high price fr a dead hrse, let alne a live ne．This shws peple yu truly wish t buy the hrses．Just wait and the hrses yu want will cme very sn．”
Indeed (的确), within a year, many qianlima wners brught their hrses t the king．
Gu tld the king that he culd see himself as the bnes f the hrse．“If I am valued (重视), mre talent will be willing (愿意的) t serve the state,” he said．The king built huses fr Gu and treated him as a teacher．Sn, talented peple acrss the state came t help the king．His state finally beat the State f Qi．
We can better understand the stry by reading the essay (文章) On Hrses (《马说》) by Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty．In the essay, Han wrte that qianlima are cmmn, but a persn wh can find them is rare．It tells us that talented peple are cmmn．Finding them is difficult．
The stry helps us understand that talented peple are imprtant t sciety．They deserve (应得) respect．President Xi Jinping nce tld this stry t fficials, asking them t respect talented peple．Mre imprtantly, the stry pushes us t think abut ur wn talents．It means t develp yur all-arund (全面的) abilities and create pprtunities fr yurself．Instead f waiting fr smene t find yu, yu can actively sell yurself．
1．What did King Zha f the State Yan actually want t have?
A．Talented peple． B．Qianlima． C．The bnes f a qianlima． D．Wealth．
2．In Gu’s stry, the king gt angry with the man because he thught _____．
A．qianlima weren’t the best hrses in the wrld
B．there wasn’t a qianlima in the wrld
C．the bnes were nt frm a qianlima
D．a dead hrse was f n use at all
3．What was the man’s reasn fr buying the bnes f a dead hrse?
A．It culd help the king gather talented peple．
B．Hrse wners wuld see the king’s need fr qianlima．
C．Mre peple wuld kill their hrses t sell hrse bnes．
D．The king culd tell qianlima frm cmmn hrses this way．
4．Gu cmpared himself t _____ in the stry he tld．
A．the vlunteer B．the king C．the bnes f a dead qianlima D．the qianlima wner
E阅读理解
During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Emperr Taizng asked the prime minister (宰相) Feng Deyi t recmmend (推荐) talented peple．Hwever, several mnths passed, Feng didn’t recmmend anyne．
“I tried my best, but there are nt unusual and well-runded peple at all,” Feng said．
“Peple are like utensils (器物)．What we need t d is t make gd use f their strengths．Yu shuld blame (责怪) yurself fr nt nticing talented peple．Hw culd yu say that there are n talented peple in ur era?” said the emperr．
Indeed (的确), each utensil r tl has a specific functin (功能)．A knife is made t cut things while chpsticks are made t pick up fd．We can’t use a knife as a chpstick．Like a utensil, each persn has a particular strength．Nbdy is perfect．We can’t expect a persn t be gd at everything．
With this idea in mind, Emperr Taizng discvered many talented peple f different backgrunds．He ffered them imprtant psitins , which helped them make the mst f their talents．His talented peple helped the sciety develp and created a “glden age”．
A gd example is Ma Zhu, wh grew up in a pr family．Ma gave a lt f useful advice, s Emperr Taizng ffered him a psitin and prmted (晋升) him many times．Ma helped the emperr deal withcmplicated issues and became a well-knwn persn in histry．
Chang Sheng, Chinese teacher at the High Schl Affiliated t Renmin University f China explains as fllwings:
As lng as a persn is talented in ne aspect, we shuld give them a chance．The same idea can be fund in the Analects f Cnfucius (《论语》)．Treating peple as utensils shws nt nly gd leadership, but a sincere and inclusive (包容的) attitude．President Xi Jinping nce tld this stry t fficials, asking them t value talented peple．
Tday, as the divisin f labr (劳动分工) in sciety is becming clearer, the idea still makes sense．If we becme leaders smeday, we shuld help thers give full play t their strengths．Fr example, Liu Bang, the funder f Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220), let Zhang Liang and Xia He wrk as advisrs fr their wisdm while inviting Han Xin t lead the army fr his war strategies．Knwn as the “three heres f the early Han Dynasty”, they helped Liu build a strng dynasty．
1．Why culdn’t Feng Deyi find any talented peple in Taizng’s pinin?
A．There were n talented peple then．
B．His standards were wrng．
C．He was afraid f being replaced．
D．He was dissatisfied with the emperr．
2．Knives and chpsticks are cmpared t _____．
A．psitins B．strengthsC．tls D．peple
3．Ma Zhu is a gd example f peple wh _____．
A．have n talent but are still useful
B．are unusual and well-runded
C．knw when t take a chance
D．shw talent in the right field
4．What might be Chang Sheng’s pinin?
A．Peple with any talent shuld be valued．
B．Talented peple are difficult t discver．
C．Using peple as tls is taking advantage f them．
D．Using peple as tls desn’t wrk tday．
5．What is the main message f the stry?
A．Opprtunity nly cmes t thse wh are prepared．
B．There is n such thing as a great talent withut great willpwer．
C．Talented peple shuld be valued and led t the right place．
D．Pearls are everywhere but nt the same as eyes．
完形填空Clze1
ZuTi was a great man f Jin Dynasty．He was ____1____ fr his hard wrk and great achievements．But when he was a child, he was a naughty (顽皮的) by wh shwed little ____2____ in reading．As he grew up, ZuTi___3____ he didn’t have enugh knwledge．And he deeply felt that he culd nt serve his cuntry well．S he made uphis mind t study hard．
ZuTi had a ___4____ friend named Liu Kun．They had a deep friendship．S they stayed tgether every day．They even slept n ne bed every night and ___5___ at the same time every mrning．One day, when they were ____6____, ZuTi heard the rster crwing (打鸣)．An ____7___ came t him．He wke up Liu Kun and said, “Hw abut getting up t play swrds (剑)?”Thugh he was still sleepy, Liu Kun agreed with ZuTi gladly．Frm then n, they gt up and played swrdsas sn as the rster began crwing．They kept their wrds day after day．They never gave up n matter hw ___8___ in winter r ht in summer．Besides, they began t study histry ____9___ and put all their energy int reading bks．In this way , they learned a great deal f knwledge and made much prgress．A few years later, bth f them grew up with talents and wisdm．At last, their ___10____ came true and they made great cntributins t their cuntry．
This is the Chinese idim stry T Rise with the Rster．
1．A．readyB．famusC．lateD．srry
2．A．prideB．respectC．interestD．kindness
3．A．realizedB．decidedC．imaginedD．prmised
4．A．richB．busyC．sameD．clse
5．A．picked upB．gt upC．gave upD．made up
6．A．fightingB．discussingC．sleepingD．reading
7．A．rderB．ideaC．examD．ability
8．A．lngB．dryC．cldD．quiet
9．A．carefullyB．plitelyC．prbablyD．recently
10．A．mistakesB．dreamsC．hbbiesD．difficulties
完形填空Clze2
During the Sng Dynasty (960-1279), there was an fficial named Zhang Guaiya ____1____ wrked in Chngyang cunty (县), in tday’s Hubei．Theft was cmmn – even mney frm the cunty’s vault (钱库) _____2____．
One day, Zhang saw a lw-ranking fficial (小吏) ____3____ut f the vault in a panic (慌张)．Zhang stpped him and asked, “Why are yu ____4____such a hurry?”
“N reasn,” said the fficial．
Zhang remembered the things stlen frm the vault．S he asked the guards t search the fficial___5____．They fund a cpper cin (铜钱) in____6_____headband (头巾)．
Zhang asked him hw much mre mney he had stlen．The fficial refused t admit (承认) that he stle ____7_____ ．Zhang rdered the guards t beat him．
The fficial didn’t____8____．He said, “I nly stle a cpper cin．Yu ____9____kill me just because f that!”
Zhang was very angry．He wrte with a red pen, “If yu steal a cin every day, there ____10____ a thusand cins after a thusand days．Cnstant dripping wears away a stne (水滴石穿)．”
“Cnstant dripping wears away a stne．” This saying ____11_____ us that small things dne ver time can make a big ____12______．On the ne hand, it reminds us ____13_____small bad things．On the ther hand, it tells us t persevere (坚持不懈)．
Take learning a language, fr example．There is n shrtcut (捷径) t success．Yu have t persist, learning new wrds, reading and writing．Within a shrt perid, yu might nt see prgress．But____14____yu stick t it fr mnths r years, yu will make breakthrughs (突破)．
President Xi Jinping nce mentined (提到) this saying in a 1990 speech he made in Ningde, Fujian．Believing in it, Xi led lcal peple t wrk hard ____15_____get rid f pverty (摆脱贫困)．He ften used it t encurage fficials t fight against pverty．
1．A．which B．whm C．wh D．\
2．A．stle B．was stle C．was stlen D．were stlen
3．A．cme B．cmes C．came D．t cme
4．A．n B．in C．at D．fr
5．A．care B．careful C．carefully D．careless
6．A．he B．his C．him D．himself
7．A．smething else B．else smething C．anything else D．else anything
8．A．give up B．give in C．give away D．give ff
9．A．can’t B．culdn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t
10．A．are B．have C．will be D．will have
11．A．tell B．tld C．is tld D．tells
12．A．different B．differently C．difference D．differences
13．A．nt ding B．dn’t d C．nt t d D．nt t d
14．A．unless B．althugh C．because D．if
15．A．s B．r C．and D．but
完形填空Clze3
In ancient Chinese stries, Cangjie created characters (文字)．Cangjie was ___1___, s the leader Huangdi gave him the jb f recrding things．Hwever, Cangjie fund that the jb became mre ___2___ as the number f the things t recrd grew．He wanted t ___3___ a way t slve the prblem．
One day, Cangjie went hunting with several ther peple．He ___4___ the hunters chse their way by lking at the different ftprints (脚印) f animals．After seeing this, Cangjie thught ___5___ there were different signs fr different things, he culd remember all the imprtant things easily．Thrugh hard wrk, he ___6___ created the signs fr writing．Huangdi was happy with Cangjie’s wrk and asked him t teach the signs t thers．They all ___7___ Cangjie．Over time he gt prud．
Cangjie was teaching a class ne day．An ld man ___8___ t him carefully．After the class, the ld man asked Cangjie, “The signs yu ___9___ fr the hrse and the dg shw they have fur legs．A cw als has fur legs．But why desn’t the sign fr the cw shw that?”
Cangjie fund he mixed the tw signs up when teaching．He felt very ___10___ fr that．Frm then n, Cangjie was mre careful abut his wrk．
1．A．kindB．shyC．smartD．brave
2．A．expensiveB．interestingC．surprisingD．difficult
3．A．find utB．talk abutC．lay utD．take up
4．A．thughtB．nticedC．agreedD．hped
5．A．andB．butC．ifD．because
6．A．quicklyB．clearlyC．finallyD．easily
7．A．missedB．thankedC．tuchedD．helped
8．A．listenedB．talkedC．walkedD．pinted
9．A．createdB．cpiedC．changedD．called
10．A．relaxedB．safeC．excitedD．srry
语法填空
N ne is an island, s withut a dubt, we ___1____( influence) by thers．When we see peple f high mrality (道德), we can fllw their lead and learn frm them．But when we see smene wh may nt be gd, what shuld we d? Cnfucius, the ___2___ (famus) teacher and philspher (哲学家) in ancient China, might give us an answer．
见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。–《论语》
See what is wrthy and try t catch up; see what is unwrthy and have an intrspectin．
– The Analects f Cnfucius
What des it mean?
We shuld first be smart enugh t knw wh is excellent and wh is nt．Cnfucius believes that __3 __excellent persn has many gd qualities (品质), like being kind, fair, plite and hnest．Hwever, it’s hard __4 __ (find) smene wh is __5 __(cmplete) perfect．But everyne has __6 __(they) wn strengths, and we can learn frm them t better urselves．Likewise (同样), smetimes we may ntice things __7 __are wrng with ther peple．Instead f simply criticizing (批评) thers, we shuld think abut if we have similar prblems urselves and hw we can crrect them．
Just as Cnfucius said, in a cmpany f three, my teacher there must be (三人行，必有我师焉)．Peple all have their wn qualities wrth learning．What’s imprtant is t have the __8 __(able) t find rle mdels arund us and be willing (愿意的) t change urselves．__9 __(Learn) frm thers can g a lng way in helping us becme better peple．
Did yu knw?
The Chinese natin has always valued this line f Cnfucius．In September 2013, President Xi Jinping mentined it __10 __he met the furth grup f natinal ethical rle mdels (全国道德模范)．He said that peple shuld try t be like these rle mdels by learning frm them．The whle sciety shuld uphld the values f beauty, uprightness and gdness (真善美) and spread psitive energy (正能量)．
N weekends
In ancient China, there were n weekends because peple did nt use a weekly calendar．But they culd still relax after wrk．During the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 220), fficials (官员) tk ne day ff every five days．During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), fficials wrked fr 10 days and rested fr ne day．They usually bathed and washed their hair n their day ff, which was called xiumu (休沐)．There were als many public hlidays in ancient times, such as Spring Festival, winter slstice and Mid-Autumn Festival．Peple like farmers and businessmen usually wrked mst f the year, but even the mst hard-wrking peple wuld take a few days ff during Spring Festival．
Smart ways f staying cl
In mdern times, we can enjy cld drinks in air-cnditined rms t stay cl．In ancient times, thugh peple didn’t have these things, they had their wn wisdm t get thrugh the heated summer．
As early as the Zhu Dynasty, there was a special department (部门) called the “ice administratin” whse wrkers were respnsible fr cllecting ice blcks (冰块) in winter and string them in an icehuse．When summer came, peple culd take the ice blcks hme and use them t make their rms cler．
The ice culd als be used t make cld drinks．The “bingjian (冰鉴)” was a type f ancient fridge．It was a big bx made f ceramic (陶), wd r metal (金属) filled with ice．Peple wuld put drinks inside and clse the lid (盖子), and the drinks wuld becme clder ver time．
There was a kind f pillw made f prcelain (瓷器) that felt pleasantly cl．It is said that Emperr Qianlng (1711-99) f the Qing Dynasty liked these pillws．Ancient peple als wve reeds (芦苇) r bamb int bed mats (垫子) t sleep n．They’re still used tday．
Takeuts nt a new thing
With a takeuts app, yu can rder any dishes yu’d like t eat and they just cme t yur dr within minutes．In fact, takeut is nt a new thing．
There was takeut as far back as the Sng Dynasty (960-1279)．Accrding t histry bks, Emperr Xiazng (1127-1194) liked t rder takeut late at night．His servants wuld g arund the city t pick up dishes and bring them back t the palace．
Ordinary peple als rdered takeut．Restaurant waiters wuld g ut int the streets and yell (吆喝) ut which dishes culd be rdered that day．Peple wuld then place an rder．Later, delivery (递送) wrkers wuld bring fd t their hmes．In the famus Sng Dynasty painting Alng the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), a takeut wrker can be seen n a delivery with fd in hand．
Peple at the time even had special meal bxes fr takeut dishes．It was a lng wden bx with several layers．They als used warming plates made f tw layers f prcelain (瓷)．Ht water culd be put between them t keep dishes warm．
参考答案
（1）A、DCBBB
【解析】本文着重介绍中国传统节日-七夕节的来源。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的。Niulang and Zhinv fell in lve with each ther at first sight．This was against the law f Heaven! ” 可知．牛郎与织女相爱是违背天规的。所以王母娘娘惩罚牛郎下凡放牛。故选D。
2．细节理解题。C根据第三段内容可知。织女下凡洗澡，偶遇牛郎，织女一眼就认出了他。故选C。
3．细节理解题。B 根据第四段中的"．．If yu kill me and put n my skin, yu will be able t travel t Heaven t see Zhinv．可知．牛郎杀了牛。披上牛皮才得以返回天庭。故选B。
4．细节理解题。B 根据最后一段中的，The family is nw able t reunite nce a year．．．”可知，牛郎织女一家每年可相聚一次。故选B
5．主旨大意题。从文中介绍七夕节才引出牛郎织女的故事，所以这篇文章着重介绍七夕节如何产生的。答案选B
B、BCBC
【解析】本文介绍春节与圣诞节习俗背后的古老传说。
1．细节理解题。从第四段Placing fu upside dwn means the arrival f happiness．倒贴福字意思是福到。故答案选B
2．细节理解题。But Nian was afraid f lud nises, the clr red and fire．S, peple played drums and gngs (锣), set ff firewrks and put up red lanterns t scare Nian．但是年害怕巨大的噪音，红色和火。所以，人们敲锣打鼓(锣), 放烟花，挂红灯笼吓唬年。从叙述中可知答案选C
3．细节理解题。
A．Spring cuplet are ften sticked n the middle f the dr．．春联经常贴在门中间上。与文中叙述不符故错误。B．Peple ften get tgether and enjy their fun during Christmas and Spring Festival．春节和圣诞节都提及家人团聚。故B叙述正确。
C．Santa’s sleigh is ften pulled by eight reindeer．从A reindeer (驯鹿) called “red-nse Rudlph” wrks with eight ther reindeer t pull Santa’s sleigh (雪橇) s he can travel fast．这里叙述中圣诞老人雪橇应该是有9头鹿拉着。故C答案错误。
D．The first Christmas tree nly came frm Martin Luther’s stry．圣诞树可能来自马丁路德的故事。故D错误。答案选B
4．主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲述春节与圣诞节习俗背后的古老传说。答案C符合题意。
C、ACCB
【解析】本文介绍犬子、楷模、令郎．．．．．中国古人的称谓里学问。
1．细节理解题。They believe that dgs are humble (卑微的) animals．When Chinese parents use quanzi t refer t their sns, they are being mdest (谦虚的)．古代中中国人称自己的孩子为犬子，是一种谦卑的说法。故答案选A
2．细节理解题。从The trunks (树干) f these trees were very straight。可知答案选C
3．细节理解题。从最后2段叙述中，中国人用楷模指模范人物，主要因为“楷”“模”自身的特点。正直。像两位圣人一样。故答案选C
4．主旨大意题。这段文章主要介绍。古代中国称谓的一些学问。答案选B。
D、CCBDD
【解析】本文介绍买“东西”、意见相“左”……方位词所含中华文化内涵。
1．推理判断题。通读第三四段。“北”处于上方，“南”处于下方。而厕所门面临东北方向厨房面临西南方，故是“上厕所”“下厨房”，故此判断“北上列车”与“上厕所”的“上”表达相同的意思。故答案选C
2．推理判断题。左右在文中提及2个意思，一是意见不同，二是地位不同。上下除了指北上南下外，还提及地位上下。故三个意思中C。无出其右 “右”地位较高之意。文章提及，故答案选C
3．细节理解题。在文中，“左”提及2个意思，一是地位低的人，其二，意见不同。故答案选B
4．推理判断题。据传说：东，西：指市场在东部或西部。不是指市场。故A说法错误。B错误，如果人们有不同的观点，说明“意见相左”，而不是“旁门左道”。C。“下厨房”指厨房一般建在面临南的地方。故C错误。通读最后一段据传说“买东西”。指来自东部或西部国家的商品。故D说法正确。根。故答案D正确。
5．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍古代中文方位词里面包含的一些文化内涵。故答案选D
E、DABBA
【解析】本文介绍一些数字的文化内涵。
1．细节理解题。根据谢灵运的说法，天下才气为一担，曹植占据8斗，自己占据一斗，其余占一斗。所以“才高八斗”开始指曹植。故答案选D
2．推理判断题。从谢灵运的说话中推断他是高度赞扬曹植的才华。故答案选A
3．细节理解题。根据When it came t the Three Kingdms perid (220-280), ne chi became lnger and reached 24．2 cm．S seven chi wuld be abut 170 cm, an average height tday．故答案选B。
4．理解判断题。A“才高八斗”指有才气的人。正确。B叙述错误。“7尺男儿”指个子高强壮的男人，正确。1949年前，半斤等于8两。正确。故答案选B
5．细节理解题。从倒数第二段It was said that if yu cheated smene while trading, yu wuld lse the blessing (庇佑) f these stars．This helped t keep peple hnest while trading．有人说，如果你在交易时欺骗了别人，你就会失去这些天上星宿的祝福。这有助于人们在交易时保持诚实。故答案选A
完形填空
Clze1
1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了“抛砖引玉”的故事。
1．句意：他擅长写诗，很多人都喜欢读。
letters信；pems诗；stries故事；articles文章。根据后文“Zha’s pems”可知，赵嘏是诗人，擅长写诗。故选B。
2．句意：他们愉快地谈论着赵的旧作。
said说；talked谈论；spke讲话；wrte写。talk abut sth“谈论某事”，故选B。
3．句意：但很遗憾的是，赵不是经常写新的诗。
funny有趣的；useful有用的；great极好的；new新的。根据前文“talk abut Zha’s ld wrks”可知，他们谈论赵的旧作，因为他不是经常写新的诗歌。故选D。
4．句意：他一定会去灵岩寺，因为它很有名。
surely必定；crrectly正确地；suddenly突然地；carefully仔细地。根据后文“Let’s d smething befre he arrives．”可知，他们确定赵会去灵岩寺。故选A。
5．句意：他说：“让我们在他到达之前做点什么。”
wrte写；finished结束；described描述；cntinued继续。根据前文“a man said”可知，他继续说道。故选D。
6．句意：最后他们想出了一个好主意
idea主意；survey调查；sign标志；present礼物。根据后文“There was a wall in the temple fr peple t write．S they invited a man t write nly tw lines f pem n the wall．”可知，寺庙里有一面墙供人们写字，所以他们邀请了一个人在墙上只写两行诗。这是他们提出的主意，故选A。
7．句意：当他看到寺庙墙上的两行诗时，他忍不住又加了两行，使之成为一首完整的四行诗。
strange陌生的；simple简单的；cmplete完整的；difficult困难的。根据“a．．．pem with fur lines．”可知，一首完整的诗是四行的。故选C。
8．句意：当赵的粉丝们听说了这件事时，他们都很兴奋。
heard abut听说；waited fr等待；cleaned up清理；lked after照顾。根据“When Zha’s fans．．．it, they were excited．”可知，他们听说了这件事很兴奋。故选A。
9．句意：这个人没有赵那么有才华，但这两句话引出了赵的精彩诗句。
beautiful漂亮的；plite礼貌的；talented有天赋的；quiet安静的。根据“but the tw lines led t Zha’s wnderful pem．”可知，前后是转折关系，这个人不如赵有天赋，但是赵写的两句诗句很精彩。故选C。
10．句意：这是一种礼貌而谦逊的方式，表达他们希望看到别人提供更好的东西。
smaller更小的；wrse更坏的；better更好的；bigger更大的。根据前文可知，赵的粉丝写了两句诗，是为了让赵写另外两句精彩的诗，即“抛砖引玉”的道理，所以他们希望看到的是别人给出更好的东西。故选C。
Clze2
1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述北宋哲学家杨时拜访另一位伟大的哲学家程颐的故事。
1．句意：为了得到一个正确的答案，他去拜访了伟大的哲学家程颐。
simple简单的；crrect正确的；lng长的；ppular流行的。根据上文“One day, he and his schlmates had different ideas n a questin”可知，他是想得到一个正确的答案，故选B。
2．句意：然而，到程颐家时，门童告知程先生正在他房间里冥想并让他回去。
farm农村；car车；htel宾馆；rm房间。由“At Cheng’s huse”可知，程颐是在房间里冥想，故选D。
3．句意：杨时拒绝离开，因此门童留下他一个人并进了屋。
hped希望；decided决定；refused拒绝；wanted想。由“the kid left him alne”以及第二段第四句“Yang kept standing in the snw and waiting utside”可知，杨时拒绝进屋并一直站在门外，故选C。
4．句意：过了一会儿，外面下起了大雪
heavily大量地；early早地；deeply深地；carefully小心地。根据第三段第四句“The snw was mre than a ft deep”可知，雪下得很大，而heavily有“大量地”意思，故选A。
5．句意：他邀请杨时进屋暖暖身，躲避一下风雪。
find找到；avid躲避；catch抓；hide藏。根据上下文，外面下起了大雪，因此门童邀请杨时进屋躲避风雪，故选B。
6．句意：但是杨时坚持在门外大雪中等候以便能咨询程颐就这个问题的看法。
methd方法；rule规则；recrd记录；pinin观点。根据第一段“One day, he and his schlmates had different ideas n a questin”可知，他是来求问程颐的看法，故选D。
7．句意：当程颐得知后，他出门去见了杨时。
heard听闻；achieved获得成就；frgt忘记；received收到。根据上文“As sn as Cheng finished meditating, the by reprted that Yang was waiting utside”可知，程颐是知晓了杨时还在门外等候，故选A。
8．句意：当门打开后，大家都惊讶了。
excited激动的；relaxed放松的；shcked惊讶的；bred无聊的。根据下文“The snw was mre than a ft deep, but Yang std still”可知，大家是被杨时站在厚厚的雪地里的情景惊讶到了，故选C。
9．句意：大雪一英尺深，但是杨时一直站在雪地里，连一个脚印都没有。
smelling闻；washing洗；cutting剪切；mving移动。根据上文“but Yang std still”可知，杨时站在雪地里一动不动，故选D。
10．句意：那给杨时的人生带来了巨大的改变。
difference变化；chice选择；decisin决定；plan计划。根据下文“Later, Yang really learned a lt and made great cntributins (贡献) t his cuntry”可知，杨时后续的成就有一部分原因是因为程颐的思想对他人生的影响，故选A。
阅读回答问题
1．A Chinese histrian Sima Guang．
2．He was gd at riding and shting．He was decisive and talkative．
3．Because he thught Zhi Ya had an unkind heart．
4．Because f his aggressive style, three ther clans wrked tgether t fight against the Zhi clan．Finally, the Zhi clan was beaten．
5．Excellent peple shuld have bth virtue and talent．Virtue puts first, nly if a persn has virtue can he r she get n the right track ．
答案与解析
A阅读理解
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍古代人的生活方式。
1．细节理解题。根据“In ancient China, there were n weekends because peple did nt use a weekly calendar．”可知，在中国古代，没有周末，因为人们不使用周历。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据“Peple cllected ice blcks in winter and stred them in an icehuse．When summer came, peple culd take the ice blcks hme and use them t make their rms cler．There was a kind f pillw (枕头) made f prcelain (瓷器) that felt pleasantly cl．Ancient peple als made bamb int bed mats (垫子) t sleep n．”可知，文章提到了三种中国古代保持凉爽的方法，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据“They als used warming plates made f tw layers (层) f prcelain．Ht water culd be put between them t keep dishes warm．”可知，他们还使用由两层瓷器制成的加热板，可以在它们之间放热水来保持盘子的温暖。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据“In the famus Sng Dynasty painting Alng the River During the Qingming Festival”可知，《清明上河图》绘于宋代，故选C。
5．推理判断题。本文介绍古代人的生活方式，由此推知可能在历史杂志上看到这篇文章，故选C。
B阅读理解
1-4、BACC
【解析】本文介绍中西两种节日——中秋节和感恩节。
1．细节理解题。从中秋节介绍可知，中秋节的活动有，家庭团聚，吃团圆饭，吃月饼，赏月，思念远处亲朋好友。而“没有收割庄稼”“写诗”这2个活动．故答案选B
2．细节理解题．The mst imprtant part f Thanksgiving is t say “thanks” – this is the spirit f the hliday感恩节最重要的部分是感恩。故答案选A
3．判断题。这2个节日的活动的共同点是家人们团聚，吃家庭团圆饭。故答案选C
4．主旨大意题。从文中开头我们就可以知道这篇文章介绍这2种节日活动及不同的方面。答案选C
C阅读理解
1-5、CDAAC
【解析】本文介绍中国的饮食文化。
1．细节理解题。从Peple started t have lattice (分格的) htpt during the Han Dynasty (206 BC–AD 220)．They divided pts int several parts t enjy different flavrs (口味)．汉代（公元前206年-公元220年），人们开始吃格子火锅。他们把锅分成几个部分来享受不同的味道。故答案选C
2．细节理解题。They als used different materials, such as cpper (铜) and irn (铁), t make pts．故答案选D
3．细节理解题。“东坡肉”的得名是因为He cked the prk in his wn special way．故答案选A
4．细节理解题。从One day, there was a big fldand Su went ut t help peple．Peple heard that Su lved eating prk, s they gave him a lt f it．可知答案选A
5．细节理解题。文中叙述使用筷子的2个禁忌。不能在饭碗中树立筷子，不能敲碗边。故答案选C
D阅读理解
1-4、ADAC
【解析】国学故事。千金买马首。这则故事告诉我们，只有真心实意地重视人才，才会善于发现和重用人才。
1．A细节理解题。从King Zha f the State f Yan (燕昭王) wanted t gather talented peple t make the state strng．可知答案选A
2．D细节理解题。从The king was very angry．“What I want is a live hrse, nt the bnes f a dead hrse!”可知国王认为死马骨没有用。答案选D
3．A这个人通过千金买死马骨的故事向人们展示国王真心实意渴求人才，，所以才有很多人才为国服务的场面。答案选A
4．C从Gu tld the king that he culd see himself as the bnes f the hrse。可知答案选A
E阅读理解
1-5、BDDAC
【解析】国学故事。用人就像用器皿一样，各有所用，各有所长。
1．B推理题。封德彝认为没有全面才能的人才。唐太宗就说“Peple are like utensils (器物)．What we need t d is t make gd use f their strengths．人就像器皿。我们需要做的是充分利用他们的优势。说明封德彝评价人才的标准错了。故答案选B
2．D理解判断题。这里用倒和筷子比如不同才能的人。故答案选D
3．D理解判断题。马周能处理复杂的事物，太宗多次提拨，人尽其才。答案选D
4．主旨理解题。国人民大学附属中学昌盛老师解释的故事大意是：用人就像用器皿一样，各有所用，各有所长。我们要珍惜他们包容他们。故答案选A
5．主旨大意题。本文介绍国学故事，用人如器，各取所长。A．Opprtunity nly cmes t thse wh are prepared．机会只会降临到有准备的人身上。B．There is n such thing as a great talent withut great willpwer．没有伟大的意志力，就没有伟大的天才。C．Talented peple shuld be valued and led t the right place．人才应该受到重视，利尽其才。D．Pearls are everywhere but nt the same as eyes．千里马常有，而伯乐不常有。故答案C
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1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B
【解析】本文主要讲述了祖逖和刘琨闻鸡起舞的故事。
1．句意：他以努力工作和伟大的成就而闻名。
ready准备；famus著名；late迟到的；srry抱歉的。根据“his hard wrk and great achievements”可知，以努力工作和伟大的成就而闻名；be famus fr 因……而出名。故选B。
2．句意：但当他还是个孩子的时候，他是一个顽皮的男孩，对阅读没有什么兴趣。
pride骄傲；respect尊敬；interest兴趣；kindness善意。根据“he didn’t have enugh knwledge”可知，对阅读没有什么兴趣；shw interest in对……表达兴趣。故选C。
3．句意：当祖逖长大后，他意识到自己知识不够。
realized意识到；decided决定；imagined想象；prmised承诺。根据“study hard”可知，意识到自己没有知识；故选A。
4．句意：祖逖有个好朋友叫刘琨。
rich富有的；busy忙碌的；same同样的；clse亲密的。根据“They had a deep friendship．”可知，有一个密友；故选D。
5．句意：他们甚至每天晚上睡在一张床上，每天早上在同一时间起床。
picked up捡起；gt up起床；gave up放弃；made up编造。根据“They even slept n ne bed every night ”可知，一起睡觉，同时起床；故选B。
6．句意：一天，当他们正在睡觉时，祖逖听到公鸡在叫。
fighting打架；discussing讨论；sleeping睡觉；reading阅读。根据“ZuTi heard the rster crwing”可知，睡觉的时候听到了鸡叫声；故选C。
7．句意：他想到了一个主意。
rder顺序；idea想法；exam考试；ability能力。根据“He wke up Liu Kun”可知，突然有了想法；故选B。
8．句意：无论冬天多冷，夏天多热，他们从不放弃。
lng长德；dry干燥的；cld冷的；quiet安静的。根据“in winter”可知，冬天很冷；故选C。
9．句意：此外，他们开始认真研究历史，把所有的精力放在读书上。
carefully仔细地；plitely礼貌地；prbably大概；recently最近。根据“put all their energy int reading bks”可知，认真学习；故选A。
10．句意：最后，他们的梦想实现了，他们为国家做出了巨大的贡献。
mistakes错误；dreams梦想；hbbies爱好；difficulties困难。根据“came true”可知，梦想实现；故选B。
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1-15、CCABCBABACDCCDC
【解析】本文介绍国学故事——水滴穿石，这一故事。
1．C考查定语从句用法。句意：宋朝（960-1279），崇阳县有一位名叫张乖崖的官员。定语从句先行词指人作主语。答案选C
2．C考查被动语态用法。句意：盗窃很常见，甚至县金库里的钱也被偷了。钱被偷用被动，答案选C
3．A考查句式用法。句意：一天，张看到了一位小吏惊慌失措地从县金库出来。Seesbd看见某人做过某事。答案选A
4．B考查固定搭配用法。句意：为什么这么匆忙？inagreathurry用介词in。答案选B
5．C考查副词用法。句意：因此，他要求警卫仔细搜查这位小吏。副词修饰动词。答案选C
6．B考查代词用法。句意：他发现一个铜板在头巾里。名词前面用形容词性物主代词。答案选B
7．A考查不定代词用法。句意：这位官员拒绝承认他偷了别的东西．肯定句用smething，else放在后面。答案选A
8．B考查词组辨异用法。A．give up 放弃B．give in屈服，投降。 C．give away 赠送，分发。 D．give ff释放，放出，发出。根据句意。答案选B
9．A考查情态动词用法。句意：你不能因为这一点杀我。“引号里面，引述原话不用过去时态。答案选A
10．C考查时态用法。句意：如果你每天偷一枚硬币，一千天后就会有一千枚硬币。“主将从现”表示将有“therewillbe”答案选C
11．D考查时态用法。句意：这句话告诉我们，随着时间的推移，不断做一些小事可以带来很大的不同结果。这里叙述一个客观存在的事实用一般现在时态。答案选D
12．C考查固定搭配用法。句意：这句话告诉我们，随着时间的推移，不断做一些小事可以带来很大的不同结果。Makeadifference产生作用，或影响。答案选C
13．C考查不定式用法。句意：一方面，它提醒我们不要做小坏事。Remindsbnttd提醒某人不要做某事。答案选C
14．D考查从属连词用法。句意：但如果你坚持几个月或几年，你就会取得突破。前后句子条件关系。答案选D
15．C考查并列连词用法。句意：习主席领导当地人民努力工作，摆脱贫困，他经常用它来鼓励官员与贫困作斗争。答案选C
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1．C 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．D
【解析】本文是一片记叙文。文章讲述了仓颉创造象形字的故事。
1．句意：仓颉很聪明，所以黄帝给了他记录事情的工作。
kind善良的；shy害羞的；smart聪明的；brave勇敢的。根据“s the leader Huangdi gave him the jb f recrding things”结合下文仓颉的创造字的事迹可知，他很聪明。故选C。
2．句意：然而，仓颉发现，随着要记录的事情越来越多，这份工作也越来越多难。
expensive昂贵的；interesting有趣的；surprising令人惊讶的；difficult困难的。根据“as the number f the things t recrd grew”和“He wanted t find ut a way t slve the prblem．”可知，这份工作越来越困难。故选D。
3．句意：他想找到解决这个问题的方法。
find ut找出；talk abut讨论；lay ut展示、安排；take up占据。根据“a way t slve the prblem．”可知，与“方法”和“问题”匹配的动词应为“找到”。故选A。
4．句意：他发现猎人通过观察动物的不同脚印来选择他们的道路。
thught想；nticed注意到；agreed同意；hped希望。根据下文“After seeing this”可知，此处的动词为“看到/注意到”。故选B。
5．句意：看到这里，仓颉想，如果不同的事物有不同的符号，他就可以很容易地记住所有重要的事情。
and和；but但是；if如果；because因为。根据“there were different signs fr different things, he culd remember all the imprtant things easily．”可知，前者为条件状语从句，需由if引导。如果不同的事物有不同的符号，记起来会容易些。故选C。
6．句意：通过努力，他终于创造出书写的符号。
quickly迅速地；clearly清晰地；finally最终；easily容易地。根据“Thrugh hard wrk”可知，他终于创造出了字。故选C。
7．句意：人们都感谢仓颉。
missed想念；thanked感谢；tuched感动；helped帮助。根据“Over time he gt prud．”可知，人们很感谢他。故选B。
8．句意：一位老人很认真地听仓颉讲课。
listened听；talked说；walked走路；pinted指。根据“Cangjic was teaching a class ne day．”和“t”可知，老人上课认真听讲。故选A。
9．句意：你为马和狗创造的标志表明它们有四条腿。
created创造；cpied复制；changed改变；called叫、喊。根据“created the signs fr writing”可知，他的工作就是造字，因此此处的意思是为马和狗创造的标志。故选A。
10．句意：为此，他感到很遗憾。
relaxed放松的；safe安全的；excited激动的；srry遗憾、抱歉。根据下文“Frm then n, Cangjie was mre careful abut his wrk．”可知，仓颉为此感到很遗憾。故选D。
语法填空
1．are influenced 2．mst famus 3．an 4．t find 5．cmpletely 6．their 7．that/which 8．ability 9．Learning 10．when