专题05+形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换（讲义）-【高频考点解密】2024年高考英语二轮复习高频考点追踪与预测（新高考专用）

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一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
要想熟悉高考的思路，最重要的一环就是做题。近五年的高考试题，特别是有些地区新课标执行起来题型发生了变化，就更需要我们适应它。在做高考题的时候，应该注意以下几个方面：
1、时间的把控。
2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
专题05 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
考点二 副词
【高考解密】
命题点 副词
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
03高频考点·以考定法
考点一 形容词
【高考解密】
命题点01 形容词的构成命题点02 形容词的级
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 形容词、副词4大易错陷阱
05创新好题·分层练
考点一 形容词
命题点01 形容词的构成
典例01
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Xia lng ba (sup dumplings), thse amazing cnstructins f delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing ht, ____36____ (taste) sup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favrite Chinese street fd.
典例02
【2023年浙江卷1月】The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by ____61____ (space)hmes and walled gardens.
典例03
【2022全国甲卷】Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre ___________ (meaning).
命题点02 形容词级
典例01
【2023年浙江卷1月】Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 7 (simple)in design and decratin, and the hutngs were narrwer.
典例02
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the 14 (ht) the spring!
典例03
【2021年浙江卷】This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple living (live) in the cuntryside, including (lw) levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
一、形容词的概念和句法功能
一 形容词的句法功能：
作定语： 形容词作定语一般位于被修饰的词的前面。
My mther tells me a funny stry.
妈妈给我讲了一个非常有趣的故事。
易混点：副词作定语多表示时间或地点，位于被修饰的词的后面，如here, there, up, dwn, belw, abve等。
The peple here are very friendly t us.
这儿的人对我们很友好。
易混点：由“形容词＋介词短语/不定式短语”构成的形容词短语作定语时要后置。
It is a prblem difficult t slve.
这是一个难解决的问题
作状语：形容词作状语用来说明主语的情况，表示原因、结果、伴随、时间、条件或方式，可位于句首、句中或句末，一般用逗号将其与其他部分隔开。
Careful with mney, my mther managed t send me t cllege.
妈妈小心地用着钱，把我送去上了大学。
The survivrs lay n the beach, exhausted and shcked.
幸存者们躺在沙滩上，疲惫不堪，心有余悸。
易混点：副词作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词和句子。
作表语：形容词作表语位于系动词be, feel, get, becme, turn, prve, seem等之后。
The painting is nt representative f his wrk f the perid.
这幅画并不能代表他在那个时期的作品。
易混点：副词作表语，表示主语的方位、方向、动作和状态等。
作补足语：
Ding regular exercise can help t make ne energetic.
做有规律的锻炼可以帮助使一个人精力充沛。
Please keep the classrm clean and tidy.
请保持教室干净、整洁。
二、形容词的级
形容词的比较级和最高级
形容词比较级和最高级的构成(＋­er/­est)转换
[特别注意] (1)有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加mre和mst构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有：cmmn, handsme, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right (正确的), wrng (错误的), excellent (优秀的), pssible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favurite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)不规则变化
形容词的比较级
①If yu feel stressed by respnsibilities at wrk，yu shuld take a step back and identify (识别) thse f greater and less imprtance.
如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。
②The earlier the treatment is given，the better the patient's chances.
病人越早接受治疗，康复的可能性就越大。
③Of the tw cameras，I wuld prefer the smaller ne，which is very easy fr me t carry.
这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它便于携带。
考点总结
1．比较级的修饰语常见的有rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lt，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit等。
2．比较级＋than...“比……更”；“不如……”。
3．the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，越……”。
4．the＋比较级＋f (the)＋名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。
形容词的最高级
①The happiest are nt thse wh wn all the best things，but thse wh can appreciate the beauty f life.
最幸福的人不是那些拥有最好的事物的人，而是那些懂得欣赏生活的美好的人。
②This is the best sng by far that I've ever heard.
这是我听过的最好听的歌。
③—Are yu pleased with what he has dne?
—Nt a bit.It culdn't be any wrse.
——你对他做的事满意吗？
——一点也不满意。他做的事情糟糕透顶。
④I'm sure I was the last persn in the wrd he want t accept assistance frm.
我确信在这个世界上，他最不希望接受我的帮助了。
1．三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。
2．最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词，by far，nearly，almst，by n means，nt really，nt quite，nthing like等。
3．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义。
4．the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。
形容词的构成
形容词的构词规律
考向01-形容词的构成
1.（2024•浙江省温州市高三上学期11月第一次适应性考试）At the same time, Citywalk represents an pprtunity fr tur guides and travel service prviders t ffer a mre tailred, _______(prfessin) service t meet ever-changing market demands.
2.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Qian was extremely ____43____(knwledge), especially in the area f frntier science research.
考向02-形容词的级
1.（2024•浙江省诸暨中学等2校期中）Glbal incme data tracks clsely with emissins data: The Wrld Inequality Lab’s2022 reprt fund that the ___________( wealthy)10 percent earn 52 percent f all incme, while the prest half f all peple earn just 8.5 percent.
2.（2024•河北省省级联测）At present, there is an exhibitin f the _________(fine) unearthed cultural relics frm the Dingling Tmb in the hall.
考点二 副词
命题点 副词的构成
典例01
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】S, what are they learning? ___43___ (basic), hw t describe a panda’s life.
典例02
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】N matter where I buy them, ne steamer is ____44____ (rare) enugh, yet tw seems greedy, s I am always left _____45_____ (want) mre next time.
典例03
【2023年浙江卷1月】The term “hutng”, ____57____ (riginal)meaning “water well” in Mnglian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
作状语：
修饰动词：Althugh living in a hut, we can think glbally.
修饰形容词：I’m fully cnvinced that yu will make it sner r later.
修饰副词：He left the rm secretly.
修饰句子：Actually, it wuld be much mre sensible t d it later.
作表语：I hear that he is abrad nw.
易混点：表示位置的副词(abve, acrss, inside, upstairs等)作表语时说明主语的状态或特征；表示动作方向的副词(up, dwn, n, in, ff, ut等)作表语时含有动作意义。
Isn't he up yet? 他还没起床吗？
作定语：Please write t me at the address belw.
作补语：Keep the cat n if yu feel cld.
副词的构词规律
考向01-副词的构成
1.【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】When Picass was brn, he was s weak that the nurse left him n the side table and ____44____ (simple) began t attend t his mther.
2. (江西省景德镇2023高三期末) As the _____________ (happy) newcmers mixed tgether in the pr parts f the city, the dance knwn as the tang came int being.
考向02-副词的级
In the final f the men’s 100 meter sprint at this year’s Tky Olympic Games，Lamnt Marcel Jacbs ran （the）_________（fast） f all.
2.（2023·江苏省连云港市调研）______ (early), seal carving was accmplished nly by wrkers. During the Sng Dynasty, schlars and artists began t get invlved in it. They cmbined seal carving with calligraphy and painting, making this traditinal art mre ppular in China.
形容词、副词4大易错陷阱
【易错陷阱一】 -ed形容词和-ing形容词易混易错点
典例01
（2024届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）As a result, the antelpe ppulatin has recvered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelpe was remved frm the (danger) species list.
典例02
（福建省宁德第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题）The mrtise and tenn technique, which is the primary cnstructin methd used in ancient Chinese architecture and represents the cre f traditinal Chinese wdwrking, is gaining (increase) recgnitin amng the public.
典例03
Frm Mace’s increasingly _________(fright) expressin, Lrd knew his last randm sht had hit hme.
【易错陷阱二】 形容词和副词用法功能易混易错点
典例
（广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高三测试题）It has a ppulatin f mre than 100 millin and is the third ____ (large) ecnmy in China.
【易错陷阱三】 形容词与副词词形变化易混易错点
（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题）The sun, hwever, was nt still, and it _____ (steady) rse frm the hrizn, reached the highest pint and then set t the west.
【易错陷阱四】 比较级和最高级词形变化易混易错点
典例
（2023年广东省佛山市顺德区均安中学高三拉练试题）As the weather turns warmer and air becmes _____ (dry), it is recmmended that peple eat fresh vegetables and juicy fruits t keep themselves hydrated (保持水分).
1.（2024·浙江省杭州市高三上学期一模）The characters depicted (描绘) cme ________(large) frm legends and Chinese pera plts. Da A Fu, a plump(微胖的) by hlding a fish, is the mst ppular figure in Huishan clay art.
2.（2024·浙江省宁波市高三上学期第一次模拟）Beginners are encuraged t start with the mst basic mvements and ____________(gradual) build up their skills and knwledge ver time.
3.（2024•浙江省温州市高三上学期11月第一次适应性考试）Citywalk is ffering a psitive change t urban travelers as they can______(well) chse the experiences that fit in with their interests and needs.
4.（2023届山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三下学期三模试题）Becca said. In India, which had the ________(high) participatin utside the US last year, tens f thusands f peple submitted bird checklists.
5.（2024•浙江省湖州丽水衢州三市期中教学质量检测）Tens f thusands f Chinese scial media users have backed calls frm the cuntry’s state media t have its artwrks _________(current) kept in the British Museum returned.
6.（2023届江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模试题）Yu can sit inside a ________ (traditin) teahuse and take in the classical atmsphere as yu drink tea.
7.（2024•河北省省级联测）Zhaling Tmb is a _______(full) restred tmb accrding t the ld site f the Ming Dynasty, which is magnificent with high pines and glrius halls.
8.（2024•河北省省级联测）At present, there is an exhibitin f the _________(fine) unearthed cultural relics frm the Dingling Tmb in the hall.
9.（2024届湖南省永州市高三上学期第一次模拟）Rujiam is _______(clse) assciated with the nrth-central city f Xi’an, in Shaanxi prvince. Since 202 BCE, Xi’an has been bth the eastern terminal f the Silk Rad and the capital fr 13 mre-r-less successive Chinese dynasties.
10.（2024·广东省佛山市S7高质量发展联盟联考）________ (amaze), the lamp makes use f the siphn principle (虹吸原理), with the ash flwing thrugh the maid’s right arm int her bdy where the water is stred.
11.（2024·江苏省句容三中、海安实验中学联考10月月考）The delicate Changxin Palace Lamp prvided an insight int China’s glrius past, displaying the wisdm f ancient Chinese craftsmen, as well as China’s
_________ (remark) achievements in science and technlgy 2, 000 years ag. The sculpture, vivid and elegant beauty wrk, still glitters nw.
12.（2024·河南省TOP二十名校调研）Mbile phnes prvide a better way f learning and
________ (fast) access t infrmatin.
13.（2024·河南省TOP二十名校调研）Mbile phnes bring with them many advantages and disadvantages. Let us discuss this t understand the issue _______(clear).
14.（2024届湖南省永州市高三上学期第一次模拟） Rujiam,als called rugam, is ne f the mst ppular Chinese snacks. Despite its ______(cmpare) t a hamburger, it carries far mre gegraphical and histrical meaning.
15.（2024·河南省名校联考）Tai Shan is (ppular) panda, with the mst fans wrldwide.
16.（2024·河南省名校联考）In 2007, due t strng demand frm the US public, the Chinese gvernment agreed t extend Tai Shan’s stay in the United States fr an _______(additin) tw years.
17.（2024·河南省名校联考）In 1869, the French _______(natural) and missinary Armand David, intrduced the unique animal t the Western wrld.
18.（2024•河南省名校联考）There are _______(current) 1,864 wild giant pandas in China and at the end f last year, there were anther 698 in captivity.
19.（2024·江苏省南通市统考）Chinese archaelgists have unearthed a big brnze beast. It’s ne f the mst highly _______(anticipate) treasures f the Sanxingdui Ruins.
20.（2024·江苏省南通市统考）The brnze animal is the _______(big) ever fund in decades f digging at the Sanxingdui Ruins.
21.（2024·江苏省南通市统考）UNESCO sent _______ (cngratulate) n the amazing new discvery thrugh a vide.
22.（2024·山东省潍坊市（安丘、高密、诸城）过程性检测）A black slate (石板), an ally steel needle and decades f practice are _______ Li Yahua needs t create the perfect Huihe stne shadw carving wrk f art.
23.（2024·北京市海淀区期中）_______ (difference) frm traditinal Chinese art types that emphasize the beauty f lines, stne shadw carving highlights the size and _depth________(deep) f dts.
24.（2024·北京市丰台区期中）Males have larger vcal flds that create a lwer sund, and females have smaller nes. Apart frm the difference size, hwever, the ther majr bilgical difference that effects vices is that males generally have a larger vcal tract, which can further lwer the tne.
25.（2024·江苏省前黄高级中学第一次阶段考）A study recently published in the Jurnal f Nnverbal Behavir shed new light n the bias. Different frm previus studies, nt nly lked t see whether peple assciate psitive traits with gd-lking peple (we knw they d), but als tk a clser lk at which traits are assciated with appearance, with tw tests respectively fcused n purely mral traits, such as being fair, trustwrthy, r hnest, and psitive but nn-mral traits, such as being funny, rganized, r calm.
26.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Qian was extremely ____43____(knwledge), especially in the area f frntier science research.
27.【2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二】In Chinese art histry, Qi Baishi ranks as a ____56____ (twer) figure. His unusual and playful style pened up a new prspect in the imagery f traditinal Chinese painting, and has left a rich legacy still widely recgnized in mdern sciety.
28.【2023届山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模）】The Lng March-5 is China’s mst ____40____(pwer) launch vehicle currently in peratinal service, with a maximum paylad capacity f 25 tnnes t lw Earth rbit(LEO). It has been used t send China’s three space statin mdules, weighing abut 66 tnnes, int LEO.
29.【2023届浙江省宁波市高三上学期高考与选考模拟】The skilled bamb craftsmen are recrding the daily detailed prductin prcess f their handicrafts n scial media, which are regarded as a “___38___ (mystery) Chinese pwer” in the eyes f freign netizens.
30.（2023·江苏省淮安市高中校协作体期中）A 2009 study fund that peple are “far ________ (little) willing t keep many chices pen” when sme have bigger rewards than thers.
31.【2023届广西南宁市高三上学期毕业班摸底】After Autumn Equinx, the lcatin f direct sunlight mves t the suth, making days shrter and nights ___65___ (lng) in the nrthern hemisphere (半球). In ancient China, peple threw arrws int pts t welcme Autumn Equinx.
32.【2023届广西南宁市高三上学期毕业班摸底】The___61___ (traditin) Chinese lunar calendar divides the year int 24 slar terms. Mre than 2, 000 years ag, ancient Chinese peple created this verall framewrk t mark the annual passage f time based n bservatins f the sun’s mvement.
33.【安徽省蚌埠市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次教学质量检查】Start f Autumn,（Li Qiu in Chinese）, the 13th slar term f the year, reflects the end f summer and the beginning f autumn, meaning the ____45____（fruit）seasn is appraching. Start f Autumn is als a big slar term fr farmers.
34.【江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中调研】On Autumn Equinx day, there are thusands f peple in the wrld trying t make eggs stand n end. Accrding t experts, n the Spring Equinx and Autumn Equinx, the earth’s axis(轴), n its 66.5 degree tilt, is in a relative balance f pwer with the earth’s rbit arund the sun. Thus it is an ____45____ (easy) time fr peple t practice the game.
35.【河南省名校大联考2022-2023学年高三上学期1月期末】Tea is a simple drink. And it is ____41____(center) t the lives f millins f peple wrldwide.
36.（2023·浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟）The Chinese team, with certificatin frm the UN, cmprised high-quality and well-equipped persnnel with the capacity t carry ut search and rescue peratins ________(efficient) at the same time in tw lcatins.
37.（2023·广东省高三开学大联考）____42____(additinal), Chinese peple like t drink ht water r tea with their meals since ht water is helpful fr digestin accrding t traditinal Chinese medicine.
38.（2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）The x was ____44____(riginal) first, but he was s kind that he agreed t carry the little rat acrss the river.
39.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】His reply t “Can we Chinese pssibly make missiles?” was a ____41____(determine) “Why nt? We Chinese are able t make the same things that ther peple make.”
(2023届湖北省圆创联考高三下学期五月联合测评试题)Wrds becme filled with meaning fr us by experience; and the____64____ (lng) we live, the mre certain wrds recall t us the happy and sad events f ur past; and the mre we read and learn, the mre the number f wrds that mean 考点
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高考考题设问
形容词
核心价值：
高考英语试卷试题取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。融入中华优秀传统文化，增强学生的文化自信。如 2023年新高考全国I卷语法填空介绍小笼包；又如 2022年新高考全国I卷语法填空语篇报道中国设立大熊猫保护国家公园的情况，介绍中国生态文明建设成就。这些语篇和情境通过讲述中国故事，以浸润的方式引导学生加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义核心价值观的认同，增强文化自信，厚植爱国主义情怀。
学科素养：
从选材方面来说，近几年的语法填空选材新颖，紧跟时代脚步和热门话题，体现时代性和立德树人，强调中国元素，引入传统文化的介绍，融入人与自然和谐发展的观念，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展。
从考查的能力方面来说，在高考试卷中，语法填空对英语学习的考查是多方面的，主要从单词的记忆、语法知识的掌握、长难句分析和语言的感知、推理能力、逻辑判断能力和思维能力等。从考查的考点角度分析，主要考查点包括名词的单复数，代词的指代，冠词的用法，介词、动词短语的固定搭配，形容词、副词的变形，谓语动词的时态语态，动词的非谓语形式变化，并列连词和复合句的考查等。
2023年新高考I卷taste--tasty
2023年新高考II卷cnfidence--cnfident
2023年浙江1月高考卷space -- spacius simple--simpler
2022年新高考II卷sleep--asleep
2021年新高考I卷ht--htter
2021年浙江1月高考卷small--smaller lw--lwer
副词
2023年新高考I卷rare--rarely
2023年新高考II卷basic--basically
2023年浙江1月高考卷riginal --riginally
2022年新高考I卷eventual--eventually
2022年新高考II卷accidental--accidentally
2022年浙江高考卷rugh--rughly
2021年新高考I卷undubted--undubtedly
2021年浙江高考卷sharp--sharply
以­e结尾
＋­r/­st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾
变－y为i，＋­er/­est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母＋­er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加mre/mst
beautiful—mre beautiful—mst beautiful
原级
比较级
最高级
gd, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
wrse
wrst
many, much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的；最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”；在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”；在最大程度上)
ld
lder/elder
ldest/eldest
类别
例词
词尾加-y
clud→cludy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加­ing
surprise→surprising, cnvince→cnvincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, hme→hmeless, clur→clurful/clurless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
cmfrt→cmfrtable, knwledge→knwledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-us
danger→dangerus, curage→curageus, humur→humrus
词尾的-ce变为-t
cnfidence→cnfident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, persn→persnal, natin→natinal, educatin→educatinal, traditin→traditinal
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, lve→lvely
词尾加-en
wd→wden, wl→wlen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fl→flish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如nise→nisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加­ive/­ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, prtect→prtective
类别
例词
形容词＋后缀-ly
clear→clearly, great→greatly, lud→ludly, sudden→suddenly, sincere→sincerely
以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加-ly
happy→happily, heavy→heavily, angry→angrily, lucky→luckily, nisy→nisily*shy→shyly(y的发音为/aɪ/，直接加­ly)
词尾为­ble/­le的形容词，去掉e，再加-y
terrible→terribly, pssible→pssibly, gentle→gently, prbable→prbably, cmfrtable→cmfrtably, respnsible→respnsibly, suitable→suitably (例外：whle→whlly)
词尾为-ue的形容词，去掉e再加-ly
true→truly(高中阶段仅此一例)
词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y
full→fully, dull→dully
词尾为-ic的形容词，加-ally
basic→basically, scientific→scientifically, specific→specifically, autmatic→autmatically