专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第二期)-备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(天津专用)

这是一份专题05 阅读理解之说明文10篇(第二期)-备战2024年高考英语名校模拟真题速递(天津专用)，共28页。

（2023上·天津和平·高三耀华中学校考阶段练习）One f the curius things abut scial netwrks is the way that sme messages, pictures, r ideas can spread like wildfire while thers that seem just as catchy r interesting barely register at all
Befre yu g deep int the puzzle, cnsider this: If yu measure the height f yur male friends, fr example, the average is abut 170 cm. Yu are 172 and yur friends are all abut the same height as yu are. Indeed, the mathematical cncept f “average” is a gd way t capture the nature f this data set.
But imagine that ne f yur friends was much taller than yu. This persn wuld dramatically skew the average, which wuld make yur friends taller than yu, n average. In this case, the “average” is a pr way t capture this data set.
Exactly this situatin ccurs n scial netwrks. On average, yur cauthrs will be cited mre ften than yu, and the peple yu fllw will pst mre frequently than yu and s n.
Nw Lerman frm University f Suthern Calednia has discvered a related paradx, which they call the majrity illusin (多数错觉). They illustrate this illusin with an example. They take 14 ndes linked up t frm a small netwrk. They then clr three f these ndes and cunt hw many f the remaining ndes link t them in a single step.
In situatin (a), the unclred ndes see mre than half f their neighbrs as clred. This is the majrity illusin—the lcal impressin that a specific feature is cmmn when the glbal truth is entirely different. While in situatin (b) the majrity illusin desn’t ccur.
S hw ppular is it in the real wrld? It’s fund ut that the majrity illusin ccurs in almst all netwrk scenaris. “The effect is largest in the plitical blgs netwrk, where 60% f ndes will have majrity active neigbburs, even when nly 20% f the ndes are truly active,” says Lerman.
It immediately explains many interesting phenmena. Fr a start, it shws hw sme cntent can spread glbally while ther similar cntent des nt—the key is t start with a small number f well-cnnected early adpters fling the rest f the netwrk int thinking it is cmmn. The affected ndes then find it natural t fllw the trend. A real spread finally cmes int being.
But it is nt yet a marketer’s charter. Fr that, marketers must first identify the ppular ndes that can create the majrity illusin fr the merger audience. These influencers must then be persuaded t adpt the desired behavir r prduct, which is essential t the prspect f the marketing plan.
1．The phrase “skew the average” in the 3rd paragraph mst prbably refers t the actin f __________.
A．hiding the real average t be unrecgnizable t thers
B．prducing an average against the general feature f data
C．wrking ut the cmmn feature suggested by the average
D．ignring the average because f the frequency by which it is reviewed
2．What des the difference between situatin(a) and situatin(b) lie in?
A．The number f the ndes in the netwrk
B．The manner f the cnnectin between the ndes.
C．The decisin f which ndes t be clred.
D．The influence f the netwrk n the ndes.
3．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Majrity illusin rarely bas impacts except in plitical blgs field.
B．The majrity illusin n scial netwrks relies n it that peple yu fllw pst mre than yu
C．The essence f successful pinin spread is t initiate the trend with well-cnnected sharers.
D．The spread scale f ideas n netwrks mainly depends n the quality f cntent.
4．T guarantee the success f marketing prmtin, it’s vital t __________.
A．thrughly understand the cncept f majrity illusin
B．accurately figure ut wh is the pwerful persn t affect thers
C．definitely decide wh are the target audience fr the prmtin
D．successfully cnvince the influencers t practice certain actin
5．What is mst prbably the title f the passage?
A．The scial netwrk visin that tricks yur mind.
B．Wh is stealing yur netwrk identity?
C．Minrity netwrk pinin spread, curse r blessing?
D．Have yu been misled during the last plitical vting?
（2023上·天津南开·高三统考期中）The Prgramme fr Internatinal Student Assessment (PISA) is a wrldwide study f 15-year-ld schl pupils’ schlastic (学业的) perfrmance in mathematics, science, and reading undertaken by the OECD (经济合作与发展组织). A clser lk at the reading tests, shws the interesting fact that girls are utperfrming bys in reading and that this is assciated with girls’ greater enjyment f reading.
One key area which has a majr impact n reading perfrmance, is reading fr enjyment rather than simply fr study r schl wrk purpses. Interestingly, the PISA study fund that in all cuntries assessed (apart frm Suth Krea), girls read fr enjyment mre than bys. The study fund that in all the cuntries assessed, just ver half f bys (52%), but almst three-quarters f girls (73%) said that they read fr enjyment which may cme as a surprise t many.
In cuntries such as Estnia and the Netherlands, the difference between bys and girls was mst significant, where they fund a 30% gap r mre between the genders. Additinally in places such as Austria and Liechtenstein, very lw levels f bys expressed interest in reading (40% r less), which are wrrying statistics.
Hwever, nt all cuntries had such an bvius trend. In places like Japan, bys and girls read fr enjyment at an almst identical level, with 54% f bys and 58% f girls reprting that they enjy reading. And there were a few cuntries and regins that scred very highly in bys reading enjyment, fr example in Albania, Indnesia and Shanghai in China where at least 80% f bys enjy reading. Althugh these psitive numbers are matched and passed by girls wh reprted an even higher level f reading enjyment (90% r higher).
An interesting area which the PISA study lked at was the types f literature that bth girls and bys generally enjy. There were clear differences in the chices bys and girls make when deciding n what t read. Bys were fund t enjy reading magazines, newspapers and cmic bks mre than girls. Girls were fund t be twice as likely t enjy wrks f fictin than bys.
Cuntries need t think abut ways t inspire interest fr bys in reading and ensure that they are expsed t a wide variety f different types f literature frm a yung age. Given that in OECD cuntries tw in three bys nly read newspapers fr pleasure prves that there is wrk t be dne.
6．What des the underlined wrd “utperfrming” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean?
A．Perfrming wrse than.B．Perfrming better than.
C．Being mre prfitable than.D．Being the same as.
7．What culd be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A．In mre than half f the cuntries surveyed, mst bys read fr pleasure.
B．In all cuntries assessed, ver 70% girls read fr study and schlwrk.
C．In all cuntries assessed, bys read fr pleasure mre than girls.
D．Enjyment f reading is ne f the main factrs affecting reading perfrmance.
8．What can we learn frm Paragraphs 3 and 4?
A．In sme cuntries 30% mre girls read fr pleasure than bys d.
B．In Austria, 40% mre girls than bys are interested in reading.
C．Mre than half f the bys and girls in Japan have n interest in reading.
D．Mre bys than girls like reading in Shanghai.
9．What is the writer’s attitude twards bys’ reading chices?
A．Psitive.B．Disappinted.C．Wrried.D．Admiring.
10．What culd be the best title f the passage?
A．PISA — A Wrldwide Study Prgramme
B．D Girls Read Mre Than Bys?
C．D Bys and Girls Have Different Reading Habits?
D．Reading Strategies fr Bys and Girls
（2023上·天津南开·高三统考期中）Twenty years ag, the idea f sharing ur lives s penly with the wrld was unheard f. Hwever, fr yung peple tday it is cnsidered cmpletely nrmal t share pictures f their lives and interact nline every day. Fans f scial media pint ut that the wrld has never been s cnnected as it has allwed peple t make friends, learn abut the wrld and celebrate life.
Hwever, many peple have cncerns abut the effects f this new way f living particularly arund the amunt and type f infrmatin that is shared s penly. Nw researchers have fund that t much time n scial media may indeed have sme negative effects. They measured peple’s attitudes and feelings befre and after brwsing(浏览) scial media sites. They fund that the mre time peple spent n scial media, the mre unhappy they became.
There are a number f reasns fr this. When brwsing scial media, peple ften see phtgraphs and stries shwing beautiful hlidays, fun parties and fashinable clthes. Peple rarely pst negative stries r bad pictures, s it can be misleading. Fr thse lking at these pictures and cmparing them t their wn lives, they can end up feeling sad and depressed. They might think their lives are wrse in cmparisn. Even fr thse peple wh pst psitive stries and pictures, they t can feel stressed and wrried. The number f “likes” and cmments n their psts can make them anxius abut their ppularity. Of curse, there is als the prblem f “cyber bullying(网络欺凌)” where peple becme victims f bullying nline when thers make negative r cruel cmments abut them.
The reality is that scial media is a part f mdern life and it is nt ging t g away. This research shws us that it is imprtant t find a balance between ur nline and ffline lives. We dn’t have t discnnect frm the Internet t live a happy life, but we shuld realise that the pictures we see and stries we read are nly part f a bigger picture. If we can d that, we can prtect urselves and enjy ur lives.
11．Accrding t Paragraph 1, scial media help peple t ______.
A．interact ff line easilyB．kill time
C．share highlights f lifeD．discver that the cntinents are cnnected
12．What idea des the writer cnvey in Paragraph 2?
A．Peple spend t much time n scial media.
B．Brwsing scial media certainly has negative cnsequences.
C．Spending t much time n scial media can have negative effects.
D．Brwsing scial media is definitely nt fun.
13．Why des brwsing scial media smetimes make peple depressed?
A．Because peple get upset after cmparing the gd lives in ther peple’s psts.
B．Because they always wrry abut the number f “likes”.
C．Because f the existence f “cyber bullying”.
D．Because ther peple always pst negative stries.
14．What des the underlined part in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A．The pictures we see are nly part f the picture.
B．Nne f the stries we read n the Internet are true.
C．In rder t live a happy life, we shuld brwse mre pictures.
D．What we see r read n the Internet is nt entirely representative f the real wrld.
15．What is the writer’s purpse in writing this passage?
A．T ffer sme tips n using scial media.
B．T shw the highs and lws f scial media.
C．T remind us abut the “cyber bullying”.
D．T share his experience with scial media.
（2023上·天津北辰·高三天津市第四十七中学校考期中）Many peple lve the Hallween seasn, particularly yung nes. It’s nt hard t understand. The Hallween seasn is a time fr fun-sized candy, giving rcks t trick r treaters, apple cider dnuts, and frights. The very last-frights, are generally all in gd fun. But can they be dangerus? Can smene be scared t death?
The key factr in an imagined scare-caused death is a little chemical that anyne wh’s played a particularly intense game f hide-and-seek is very familiar with: adrenaline (肾上腺素). Fear puts the bdy in a state f severe emtinal anxiety, which in turn causes the autnmic fight-r-flight respnse.
The fight-r-flight respnse is an evlutinary defence mechanism (机制) which acts in yur best interest when there is a nticed threat. Yu sweat a lt, yur anxiety is exacerbated, yur bld glucse (葡萄糖) levels are increased, and yur heart rate is higher. Like a crnered animal, yu’re a bit less reasnable, a bit stranger, but a bit mre ready t survive.
Nw, back t the adrenaline. Adrenaline causes all f these prcesses, but there’s just ne rgan, which, if verladed, can lead t sudden death. The human bdy desn’t immediately cme t an end as sn as a kidney (肾) fails, but when a heart stps wrking, the whle business fails. This is what happens t yur bdy during an adrenaline rush.
Adrenaline causes calcium (钙) t enter the heart at a higher rate, and when there’s mre calcium rushing thrugh the heart, it has harder time resetting t its nrmal resting rate. This can cause a dangerus cnditin, which prevents bld frm pumping t the rest f the bdy. Withut immediate treatment, this can lead t sudden death.
Of curse, such cause f death isn’t unique t being scared. Any event that increases ne’s adrenal level culd lead t this dangerus cnditin. S if yu are planning n scaring thers the next Hallween seasn, be sure t d it in a cntrlled setting, especially if yu have a histry f heart prblems.
16．What d we learn abut the fight-r-flight respnse mentined in Paragraph 2?
A．It makes us think in a better way.
B．It prevents adrenaline frm rising.
C．It has nthing t d with little kids.
D．It is meant t help us survive better.
17．The underlined wrd “exacerbated” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.
A．acquiredB．relievedC．wrsenedD．addressed
18．What will prbably happen during the dangerus cnditin accrding t Paragraph 5?
A．Having a failed kidney.
B．Having faster bld circulatin.
C．Having t much calcium in ur bld.
D．Having irregular heartbeats.
19．We can learn frm the passage that we shuld ________.
A．enjy Hallween in a cntrlled way
B．avid lw bld glucse levels
C．exercise t prtect urselves frm heart disease
D．avid scaring thers during the Hallween screen
20．What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Is it enjyable t frighten thers?
B．Is it pssible t be scared t death?
C．Why is t much adrenaline dangerus?
D．What t watch ut fr during the Hallween seasn?
（2023上·天津北辰·高三天津市第四十七中学校考期中）Ancient dcuments are an imprtant part f ancient civilizatin. Unfrtunately, such dcuments are ften vulnerable (易受……伤害的) t aging and related damage, which greatly reduce their legibility (易读性).
An internatinal grup f cmputer scientists have teamed up t strike up the cnversatin with ancient peple thrugh their writing that have been brken dwn by time. They have develped a cmputer-assisted methd t help us have a cnversatin with peple frm the distant past.
Appreciating ancient dcuments, even when in gd cnditin, can require a reader t dig int the rle f a cryptlgist (密码学家). That’s because the cmbinatin f a writer’s handwriting legibility, lettering styles, ld-fashined spelling and grammar cnventins r abbreviatins (缩写) can make even a native language seem unfamiliar. Besides, the same dcument’s legibility can be reduced even mre by faded ink, widened lettering due t expsure t wetness, and s n.
Typical digital recnstructin changes a dcument int black text n a white backgrund in an attempt t reveal the text thrugh nise filtering (过滤) and cntrast imprvement. Hwever, in this current methd, the image is much mre f a restratin effrt, keeping much f the lk and virtual feel f the dcument.
Researchers applied a cmplex integratin f several digital clr interpretatin techniques and Gaussian mixture mdels t identify and separate features f text, paper, and histrical bjects. This allws fr the specific selectin f different layers f infrmatin based n slight spectral (光谱的) differences. S a user culd decide whether a ntatin (符号), page decratin, cffee mug ring stain r anther feature was critical t the understanding by adding r remving layers.
In sme cases, the technique culd preserve features that wuld therwise be lst, such as the vague watermarks f a paper manufacturer, which culd ffer vital insights t histrians. “Fr example, Lenard da Vinci’s famus wrks were written n pages with watermarks frm varius paper suppliers that allwed dcument histrians t grup them int likely writing perids,” said Usman Habib, an expert n digital restratin.
Accrding t the paper, the prcessing can be accmplished n a standard desktp cmputer, and it takes just a few minutes. This wuld make it a great tl fr histrical dcument researchers and peple attempting t figure ut ld family recipes.
21．What des the internatinal team mainly aim t d?
A．Categrize dcuments f the past.
B．Share develpments in cmputer science.
C．Analyze causes f ancient wrks’ breakdwn.
D．Restre histrical writing digitally.
22．Which f the fllwing can best describe the task f reading ancient dcuments?
A．Risky but rewarding.B．Cmplicated and challenging.
C．Repetitive but fruitless.D．Straightfrward and accessible.
23．Hw des the researchers’ new methd perfrm better than typical nes?
A．It helps remve the truble f ding repair wrk.
B．It saves time by applying cntrasting backgrunds.
C．It preserves the riginal appearance f the dcuments.
D．It raises the quality f images thrugh nise filtering.
24．What can be achieved thrugh the researchers’ new methd?
A．Translating the text int different languages.
B．Generating alternative cpies f dcuments.
C．Identifying the dates f the related histrical bjects.
D．Getting rid f unnecessary layers f infrmatin.
25．What is Usman Habib’s attitude tward the new technique?
A．Critical.B．Unclear.C．Favrable.D．Intlerant.
（2023上·天津北辰·高三天津市第四十七中学校考期中）Kim Jae-geun, a sftly-spken 59-year-ld man in Suth Krea, had spent many years in advertising befre he n lnger had the strength fr it. S during the past seven years, instead f spending his days writing cpy, Mr. Kimhas spent his evenings behind the cunter f his bar, Sechn Blues, near Seul’s gvernment district. The place is als hme t thusands f vinyl recrds (黑胶唱片) that he began cllecting as a teenager. Custmers can request their favurite sngs there. The bar is ften full f tired ffice wrkers, and 20-smething peple and lcal artists at weekends. “There’s a special wave,” Mr. Kim bserved. “All the yung peple ask fr very ld sngs.” he said.
Mr. Kim’s Sechn Blues is ne f the dzens f “LP bars” in Suth Krea’s capital, many f which are run by men with similar stries. Suth Krean cmpanies ffer few pprtunities t middle-aged wrkers wh haven’t climbed thrugh the ranks. Leaving their jbs in their fifties, with music cllectins becming t large fr their living rms, a few wh haven’t taken up wrk as taxi drivers r security guards began t make a living by pening such bars.
The first LP bars pened in the 1990s, pssibly inspired by the “listening bars” that riginated in mid-20th century Japan. Music enthusiasts wuld cme t these bars t listen t imprted recrds that were therwise hard t cme by. The LP bars have prliferated in recent years with mre and mre peple lving ging there, thus greatly benefiting the middle-aged wners.
All LP bars encurage nstalgia (怀旧). “I dn’t like digitizatin r the islated way peple have nw,” said Lee Jae-jun, wh left his jb and als pened such a bar. He likes recalling the eighties and nineties and playing sngs frm peple’s yuth. “On the best days, regulars arrive fr just ne drink, and then I play ld sngs they like. And befre yu knw it, it’s midnight and everyne ges hme, drunk and happy,” said Lee Jae-jun.
26．What appears unusual fr Mr. Kim in Sechn Blues?
A．Teenagers cllect different types f vinyl recrds.
B．The yuth enjy listening t ld sngs.
C．Artists try t get inspiratin fr writing sngs.
D．Peple shw ff their success in advertisements.
27．What can be learned frm Paragraph 2?
A．Middle-aged wrkers are welcmed by small cmpanies.
B．Suth Kreans prefer t live a quite relaxed life.
C．Suth Kreans tend t change their jbs cnstantly.
D．LP bars ffer career pprtunities t middle-aged wrkers.
28．What des the underlined wrd “prliferated” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Sprung upB．Survived.C．Died dwn.D．Returned.
29．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe the atmsphere f LP bars?
A．Amazing and prfessinal.B．Rmantic and enjyable.
C．Nstalgic and relaxed.D．Mysterius and encuraging.
30．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．The stries behind Kim Jae-geunB．The rise f LP bars in Suth Krea
C．The ppularity f music bandsD．The influence f ld recrds
（2023上·天津和平·高三耀华中学校考阶段练习）When plates are set n the table, phnes, rather than frks, are at the ready. At this pint in ur scial media entanglement (纠缠)，the fact that the camera eats first is pretty much a given. Sure, sme chefs, including Michelin rated star chefs, express their displeasure at this, but effrts t make the table a screen-free dmain have mstly fallen flat.
New research frm Astn University has fund that peple are indeed influenced by the fd phts that their friends pst n scial media. Fr example, fr every serving f fruits and vegetables that a persn thinks their friends are eating, they’ll eat ne-fifth f a serving mre. This number makes mre sense within the cntext f the recmmended “five a day”, meaning smene wh’s being influenced wuld make a pint f eating six prtins f fruits r vegetables. Similarly, fr every three prtins f junk fd that a persn sees friends cnsuming n scial media, they’ll eat an extra ne.
The researchers have suggested that scial media can be very beneficial when it cmes t peple’s chices f fd and their diets. Study supervisrs Dr. Jasn Thmas said, “The implicatin is that we can use scial media as a tl t encurage each ther’s eating chice within friendship grups, and use this knwledge as a tl fr public health interventins.”
Actually, the daily fd situatin is smewhat different frm everything else psted n scial media. Peple als desire t cpy what they see but they need gd scial media literacy skills in rder t grasp what’s realistic and what’s absurd. It is necessary t avid the fake perfectin f scial media.
It gets bring trying t figure ut what t eat three times a day, week after week, s n wnder peple want t take the path f least resistance and eat what their friends are eating. Unfrtunately, mst f what gets psted is the mre time-cnsuming recipes r the attractively styled restaurant meals. By all means, keep yur antennae (触角) ut fr new ideas, but gather them frm fd magazines, ckbks, stre flyers, reliable cking websites, and recmmended recipes frm friends and family.
31．What phenmenn is talked abut in Par.1?
A．The influence f scial media n peple’s diet.
B．Peple’s taking phts f fd befre eating.
C．Chefs’ effrts t make the table screen-free.
D．The pursuit f dining in fancy restaurant.
32．What’s the cnsequence f peple’s seeing their friends’ nline pst?
A．They’ll cpy what their friends d.
B．They’ll take junk fd mre seriusly.
C．They’ll cnsume mre than their friends.
D．They’ll care mre abut their friends’ eating habits.
33．What’s Dr. Jasn Thmas’s attitude twards scial media?
A．Psitive.B．Dubtful.
C．Cncerned.D．Unclear.
34．What might peple referring t thers’ diets be advised t d?
A．Frm their wn diet styles.
B．Find the similarities amng thers’ diets.
C．Avid aiming fr perfectin in daily meals.
D．Enhance their critical thinking and skepticism.
35．What des the authr intend t d in the last paragraph?
A．Pint ut the unreality f scial media.
B．Call n peple t enrich their knwledge in cking.
C．Intrduce the general classificatin f fd psted nline.
D．Encurage peple t braden their surces f fd inspiratin.
（2023上·天津和平·高三耀华中学校考阶段练习）As peple are becming mre scially cnscius abut where their fd cmes frm and hw it impacts the planet, they are chsing animal-free plant-based ptins. Cw-free meat has been arund fr quite sme time and the ppularity f brands like Beynd Meat and cultivated meat frm Aleph Farms and thers are saring. While there are a large number f plant-based milk substitutes, nne f them have the same taste f cw’s milk. Nw, an Israeli fd-tech startup Remilk created real dairy prducts withut harming a single cw r the planet.
The cmpany stresses that their prduct Remilk is nt a milk substitute but rather is the real deal. Made frm a special prcess called micrbial fermentatin (微生物发酵), milk is manufactured in a lab instead f in a cw. And the end prduct is very healthy. “In a very simple way, we take the gene that encdes fr the milk prtein,” said Aviv Wlff, CEO f Remilk.”The gene functins as an instructin bk fr the prductin f the prtein it encdes. And s, we insert the gene int a micrbe that we’ve develped and it instructs ur micrbe t prduce the specific prtein in a very efficient way.”
The cmpany says that the lab-prduced milk tastes identical t the real thing and they hpe t eventually replace cws by creating every dairy prduct sld. They expect t rll ut plant-based cheese and ygurt in additin t milk. “Remilk was funded with the missin t stp using animals t prduce ur fd because, as dairy lvers, we realize that giving up n milk is nt an ptin,” Wlff said. “But tday’s milk cmes with an unreasnable price tag. The dairy industry is destructive t ur planet, ur health, and ur animals, and is simply nt sustainable anymre.”
The envirnmental price tag f dairy farming is way t high. Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, dairy cws add a huge amunt f greenhuse gasses t the atmsphere and cntribute t glbal warming and climate change as well as ful the air arund them. Dairy peratins cnsume large amunts f water and run-ff f manure (粪肥) and fertilizers frm these farms get int lcal waterways. The prductin f Remilk uses nly 5 percent f the resurces and prduces nly 1 percent f the waste f prducing cw’s milk accrding t the cmpany. And they accmplish this by being 100 percent cruelty-free unlike dairy farms.
36．What distinguishes Remilk frm ther milk substitutes?
A．It enjys brad ppularity.
B．It has the highest utput.
C．It cmes in varius flavurs.
D．It tastes the same as cw’s milk.
37．What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The prductin f Remilk.
B．The nutritinal value f Remilk.
C．The rle f gene in making prtein.
D．The prcess f micrbial fermentatin.
38．What can we knw frm Wlff’s wrds in paragraph 3?
A．Remilk was set up fr animal prtectin.
B．Dairy industries shuld be shut dwn.
C．Remilk aims t prduce animal-free fd.
D．Prices f cw’s milk are saring these days.
39．What des the underlined wrd “ful” prbably mean in the last paragraph?
A．Clean.B．Heat.
C．Pllute.D．Cnsume.
40．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Drawing n gene technlgy, Remilk has develped a variety f dairy prducts.
B．Cnventinal dairy industry is anything but ec-friendly.
C．The new technlgy adpted by Remilk transfrms the gene f cws.
D．It’ll be sme time befre the public get accustmed t the milk substitutes.
（2023上·天津静海·高三静海一中校考阶段练习）In US emergency rms (ER), the average wait time t see a dctr is mre than tw hurs. There are mre patients in need than there are dctrs, nurses and ther staff t help them. Many parents have suffered thrugh hurs in the ER with a sick, upset child, nly t get sent hme because their case is nt cnsidered urgent. What if there was anther chice—like a huse call frm an intelligent machine?
Nw, a new study shws that AI systems can assess a child’s medical chart and cme up with a diagnsis, a determinatin f what is wrng with that patient.
The study tk place at Guangzhu Wmen and Children’s Medical Center in suthern China. First, a team f dctrs reviewed 6, 183 medical charts. They summarized the infrmatin in these charts int a list f keywrds linked t disease-related symptms r signs, such as “fever”. Researchers then taught these keywrds t the AI system. Once trained, the system scanned children’s charts fr the key terms, checking if they were present r nt in rder t cme t a cnclusin. Finally, it ffered diagnses based n the charts, narrwing dwn frm amng 55 illness categries.
It agreed with real dctrs abut 90 percent f the time. It was especially effective at identifying illnesses f the ear, nse and thrat. Fr these upper-respiratry infectins, the Al system gt it right 95 percent f the time.
Dngxia Zhu, an assistant prfessr f cmputer science at Wayne State University wh did nt take part in the study, hwever, sees this as “augmented intelligence (增强智能)” rather than “artificial intelligence”, because the system handled nly 55 illness categries. Cmpare that t thusands f pssibilities in the real wrld. The machine cannt yet get int the mre cmplex aspects f a medical decisin.
Zhu is als cncerned abut the amunt f human wrk that went int the study—namely, the time and energy spent by human dctrs. They spent hurs grading the machine’s assessments and cmparing them t their wn. It’s n wnder that the prcess tk fur years. Cnsidering that, it may be a while befre yu can skip the ER and see a rbt-dctr instead.
41．What can we infer frm Paragraph 1?
A．Patients pay t much fr the ER.
B．American dctrs aren’t respnsible.
C．Children are treated urgently in the ER.
D．The emergency rms are crwded with patients.
42．What des the authr mainly intend t shw in the text?
A．AI systems still have a lng way t g.
B．AI systems diagnse disease like dctrs.
C．AI systems will take ver frm dctrs smeday.
D．AI systems get int cmplex medical decisins.
43．Hw des AI system determine a patient’s disease?
A．By examining a patient first.B．By reviewing many medical charts.
C．By scanning keywrds abut a disease.D．By bserving disease-related symptms.
44．What can yu learn abut the Al system?
A．Mst f the medical judgments by the AI system are identical t dctrs’.
B．The AI system trains the patients t assess their medical charts.
C．The AI system mainly fcuses n the illnesses f the ear, nse and thrat.
D．All f illnesses can be identified by the AI system.
45．What des Zhu think f AI dctrs?
A．They need t be imprved a lt.B．They will replace real dctrs sn.
C．They are suitable fr cmplex disease.D．They help dctrs make a quick analysis.
（2023上·天津武清·高三统考期中）A wildfire in New Mexic, a state in the suthwestern US, has burned fr nearly tw mnths, cnsuming mre than 315, 000 acres f land — an area abut the size f the city f Ls Angeles.
“With climate change, it seems like the dmines are beginning t fall,” NASA hydrlgist JT Reager tld the BBC． “We get warmer temperatures, we get less rain and snw. The reservirs (水库) start drying up, then in a place like the West f the US, we get wildfires.”
In recent years, wildfires have wreaked havc acrss cuntries including the US and Australia.
These fires destry hmes and businesses, claim lives and als negatively impact the envirnment. As climate change wrsens, glbal temperatures increase and s des the risk f wildfires. A recent reprt frm the United Natins Envirnment Prgramme and GRID-Arendal, a partner rganizatin in Nrway, reveals that wildfires are becming mre frequent and severe.
This is harmful t peple arund the glbe. Accrding t the jint UN reprt, it is estimated that the yearly “ecnmic burden frm wildfire fr the United States is between $7. 1 billin and $347. 8 billin”.
Anther article published in Nature jurnal n April 19 fund that wildfires have created seasnal pllutin patterns in the nrthwestern US. Between 2002 and 2018, carbn mnxide (一氧化碳) levels increased every year fr the mnth f August in the area.
In 2019 and 2020, Australian bushfires displaced millins, filled the air with deadly cluds f smke and killed thusands f kalas.
Frest fires are cmmn in China t. In the recent decade, the ttal number f frest fires in the cuntry every year has increased t mre than 2,000 cases, accrding t The Paper.
Greater Hinggan Muntains (大兴安岭) is ne f the imprtant frestry bases in China. The Natinal Frestry and Grassland Administratin adpted muntain watchtwers, frest cameras and aerial drnes (无人机) t prevent frest fires in the summer.
46．The authr qutes Reager’s wrds in the secnd paragraph t ______.
A．shw the seriusness f the recent wildfire in the US
B．list sme envirnmental prblems caused by wildfires
C．explain hw climate change cntributes t wildfires
D．prvide pssible slutins t wildfires arund the glbe
47．What des the underlined phrase “wreaked havc” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Created pllutin.B．Been ut f cntrl.
C．Cause d great damage.D．Drawn much attentin.
48．Wildfires are s cmmn and fiercely because ______.
A．glbal warming makes it easier t happen
B．water in the reservirs is drying up
C．putting ut wildfires csts t much
D．Ecnmic develpment burnden is high
49．Hw has wildfire affected the American Nrthwest accrding t the text?
A．Millins f peple have been displaced.
B．It has caused seasnal patterns f pllutin.
C．It has led t arund $7. 1 billin ecnmic lss annually.
D．Carbn mnxide levels have increased year n year.
50．What d we knw abut frest fire s in China?
A．There has been ver 2,000 cases in the last decade.
B．Greater Hinggan Muntains experienced the largest ne.
C．They were nt very cmmn several decades ag.
D．Measures have been taken t prevent them frm happening.
参考答案：
1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文,主要说明了一种网络现象——多数错觉。一些信息、图片或想法可以像野火一样传播，而另一些看起来朗朗上口或有趣的东西却几乎没有人注意到。解释了这一现象背后的原因以及相关研究。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“If yu measure the height f yur male friends, fr example, the average is abut 170 centimeters. Yu are 172 and yur friends are all abut the same height as yu are.(例如，如果你测量你的男性朋友的身高，他的平均身高约为170厘米。你172厘米，你的朋友都和你差不多高)”以及第三段划线词上文“But imagine that ne f yur friends was much taller than yu(但是想象一下你的一个朋友比你高很多。)和后文“which wuld make yur friends taller than yu, n average(这会让你的朋友们平均比你高。)”可知，如果你的一个朋友比你高得多，那么这种情况下得出的平均值是不真实的，这会让你的朋友平均比你高。故文章中的“skew the average”可能是指“扭曲平均值”。故选B。
2．推理判断题。结合图片以及第六段讲到“In situatin (a), the unclred ndes see mre than half f their neighbrs as clred. This is the majrity illusin—the lcal impressin that a specific feature is cmmn when the glbal truth is entirely different. While in situatin(b) the majrity illusin desn’t ccur. (在情况(a)中，未着色的节点看到超过一半的相邻点是着色的。这就是多数错觉——当整体真相完全不同时，局部印象认为某个特定特征是共同的。而在情况(b)中，多数错觉并没有发生)”可知，在情况(a)中，未着色的节点看到超过一半的相邻点是着色的，而在情况(b)中，多数错觉并没有发生是因为着色的节点位置不同。所以情况(a)和情况(b)的区别在在于决定对哪些节点进行着色。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Fr a start, it shws hw sme cntent can spread glbally while ther similar cntent des nt—the key is t start with a small number f well-cnnected early adpters fling the rest f the netwrk int thinking it is cmmn. The affected ndes then find it natural t fllw the trend. A real spread finally cmes int being. (首先，它展示了一些内容是如何在全球范围内传播的，而其他类似的内容却不能——关键是要从一小部分关系良好的早期采用者开始，让网络的其余部分认为这是普遍的。受影响的节点会自然而然地跟随趋势。一次真正的传播最终出现)”可知，成功的舆论传播的本质是与关系密切的分享者一起开创这一趋势。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“These influencers must then be persuaded t adpt the desired behavir r prduct, which is essential t the prspect f the marketing plan. (然后，必须说服这些有影响力的人采取所需的行为或产品，这对营销计划的前景至关重要。)”可知，为了保证营销推广的成功，成功地说服有影响力的人采取一定的行动至关重要，故选D。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“One f the curius things abut scial netwrks is the way that sme messages，pictures，r ideas can spread like wildfire while thers that seem just as catchy r interesting barely register at all. (社交网络的一个奇妙之处在于，一些信息、图片或想法可以像野火一样传播，而另一些看起来朗朗上口或有趣的东西却几乎没有人注意到）结合文章解释了这一现象背后的原因以及相关研究可知，文章主要介绍了“多数错觉”这种欺骗人们思维的网络现象。A项“欺骗你思维的社交网络愿景”是本文最佳标题。故选A。
6．B 7．D 8．A 9．C 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，介绍了PISA对全球15岁学生阅读能力的评估结果，发现女孩和男孩有着不同的阅读习惯，并且家庭经济状况和社会地位等因素也影响学生的阅读兴趣。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“that this is assciated with girls’ greater enjyment f reading. (这与女孩更喜欢阅读有关)”可知，女孩更喜欢阅读，所以在阅读方面表现得比男孩好。由此可知，划线单词和“比……好”相似。选项B“perfrming better than(表现得比……好)”，符合词义。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“One key area which has a majr impact n reading perfrmance, is reading fr enjyment rather than simply fr study r schl wrk purpses. Interestingly, the PISA study fund that in all cuntries assessed (apart frm Suth Krea), girls read fr enjyment mre than bys. The study fund that in all the cuntries assessed, just ver half f bys (52%), but almst three-quarters f girls (73%) said that they read fr enjyment which may cme as a surprise t many.(对阅读表现有重大影响的一个关键方面是，为了享受而阅读，而不仅仅是为了学习或学校作业。有趣的是，PISA研究发现，在所有接受评估的国家中(除了韩国)，女孩比男孩更喜欢阅读。该研究发现，在所有被评估的国家中，略多于一半的男孩(52%)和近四分之三的女孩(73%)表示，他们阅读是为了享受，这可能会让很多人感到惊讶)”可推知，为了享受而阅读是影响阅读表现的一个关键因素。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In cuntries such as Estnia and the Netherlands, the difference between bys and girls was mst significant, where they fund a 30% gap r mre between the genders.(在爱沙尼亚和荷兰等国家，男孩和女孩之间的差异最为显著，他们发现男女之间的差距达到30%或更多)”可知，在一些国家，为乐趣而阅读的女孩比男孩多30%甚至更多。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Cuntries need t think abut ways t inspire interest fr bys in reading and ensure that they are expsed t a wide variety f different types f literature frm a yung age. Given that in OECD cuntries tw in three bys nly read newspapers fr pleasure prves that there is wrk t be dne.(各国需要考虑如何激发男孩对阅读的兴趣，并确保他们从小就接触到各种不同类型的文学作品。考虑到在经合组织国家中，三分之二的男孩只是为了娱乐而读报纸，这证明了我们还有很多工作要做)”可知，对于男孩的阅读兴趣方面，作者认为还有很多工作去做。由此推知，作者对于男孩的阅读兴趣现状感到担忧。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The Prgramme fr Internatinal Student Assessment (PISA) is a wrldwide study f 15-year-ld schl pupils’ schlastic (学业的) perfrmance in mathematics, science, and reading undertaken by the OECD (经济合作与发展组织). A clser lk at the reading tests, shws the interesting fact that girls are utperfrming bys in reading and that this is assciated with girls’ greater enjyment f reading.(国际学生评估项目(PISA)是经合组织(OECD)对15岁小学生在数学、科学和阅读方面的学术表现进行的一项全球性研究。仔细观察阅读测试，会发现一个有趣的事实，即女孩在阅读方面的表现优于男孩，这与女孩更喜欢阅读有关)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了男孩和女孩在阅读习惯方面的差别。由此可知，D Bys and Girls Have Different Reading Habits?(男孩和女孩有不同的阅读习惯吗？)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
11．C 12．C 13．A 14．D 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一种社会问题和现象，那就是社交媒体的日益流行对人们生活的影响越来越大。作者通过写这篇文章来提醒人们要用正确的心态对待社交媒体所展示的内容。
11．细节理解题。由文章第一段“Twenty years ag, the idea f sharing ur lives s penly with the wrld was unheard f. Hwever, fr yung peple tday it is cnsidered cmpletely nrmal t share pictures f their lives and interact nline every day. Fans f scial media pint ut that the wrld has never been s cnnected as it has allwed peple t make friends, learn abut the wrld and celebrate life.(20年前，与世界如此公开地分享我们的生活的想法是闻所未闻的。然而，对于今天的年轻人来说，每天分享他们的生活图片并在网上互动被认为是完全正常的。社交媒体的粉丝们指出，这个世界从未如此紧密地联系在一起，它让人们结交朋友，了解世界，庆祝生活。)”可知，社交媒体帮助人们分享生活亮点。故选C项。
12．主旨大意题。根据第二段的主要内容，尤其“Nw researchers have fund that t much time n scial media may indeed have sme negative effects. (现在研究人员发现，在社交媒体上花太多时间可能确实会产生一些负面影响)”可知，本段主要介绍研究人员发现了花太多时间在社交媒体的负面影响。故选C项。
13．细节理解题。由文章第三段“When brwsing scial media, peple ften see phtgraphs and stries shwing beautiful hlidays, fun parties and fashinable clthes. Peple rarely pst negative stries r bad pictures, s it can be misleading. Fr thse lking at these pictures and cmparing them t their wn lives, they can end up feeling sad and depressed. They might think their lives are wrse in cmparisn. (在浏览社交媒体时，人们经常会看到展示美丽假期、有趣派对和时尚服装的照片和故事。人们很少发布负面报道或不良图片，因此可能会产生误导。对于那些看着这些照片并将其与自己的生活进行比较的人来说，他们最终可能会感到悲伤和沮丧。相比之下，他们可能认为自己的生活更糟糕。)”可知，当人们在比较别人帖子中的美好生活时会感到沮丧。故选A项。
14．词句猜测题。由文章最后一段“We dn’t have t discnnect frm the Internet t live a happy life, but we shuld realise that the pictures we see and stries we read are nly part f a bigger picture. If we can d that, we can prtect urselves and enjy ur lives.(我们不必为了过上幸福的生活而与互联网断开连接，但我们应该意识到， 。如果我们能做到这一点，我们就能保护自己，享受我们的生活。)”可知，划线部分应指我们在互联网上看到或阅读的内容并不完全代表现实世界。故选D项。
15．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“The reality is that scial media is a part f mdern life and it is nt ging t g away. This research shws us that it is imprtant t find a balance between ur nline and ffline lives. We dn’t have t discnnect frm the Internet t live a happy life, but we shuld realise that the pictures we see and stries we read are nly part f a bigger picture. If we can d that, we can prtect urselves and enjy ur lives.(现实是，社交媒体是现代生活的一部分，它不会消失。这项研究向我们表明，在我们的线上和线下生活之间找到平衡是很重要的。我们不必为了过上幸福的生活而与互联网断开连接，但我们应该意识到，我们看到的图片和读到的故事只是更大图景的一部分。如果我们能做到这一点，我们就能保护自己，享受我们的生活。)”以及上文可知，本文介绍了一种社会问题和现象，那就是社交媒体的日益流行对人们生活的影响越来越大。作者通过写这篇文章来提供一些使用社交媒体的建议，提醒人们要用正确的心态对待社交媒体所展示的内容。故选A项。
16．D 17．C 18．D 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在万圣节时，人们因为恐怖而激动，体内产生的肾上腺素可能导致心脏病发作，甚至突然死亡。文章强调了这种死亡的原因是心脏的故障而非恐惧本身，而任何增加肾上腺素水平的事件都可能导致这种危险状况发生。因此，应该在受控制的情况下享受万圣节的乐趣。
16．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The key factr in an imagined scare-caused death is a little chemical that anyne wh’s played a particularly intense game f hide-and-seek is very familiar with: adrenaline (肾上腺素). Fear puts the bdy in a state f severe emtinal anxiety, which in turn causes the autnmic fight-r-flight respnse.(想象中的恐惧导致死亡的关键因素是一种小化学物质，任何玩过特别激烈的捉迷藏游戏的人都非常熟悉：肾上腺素。恐惧使身体处于一种严重的情绪焦虑状态，进而引起自主神经系统的应战或逃跑反应)”可推知，战逃反应是有助于我们更好地生存。故选D。
17．词句猜测题。根据划线词前面的内容“Yu sweat a lt(你出汗很多)”以及划线词后文的“yur bld glucse (葡萄糖) levels are increased, and yur heart rate is higher.(你的血糖水平升高，心率加快)”可知，出汗很多，血糖上升，心率加快，此时焦虑程度更加严重。由此可知，划线词与C选项“wrsened(加重，更糟糕)”为同义词。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Adrenaline causes calcium (钙) t enter the heart at a higher rate, and when there’s mre calcium rushing thrugh the heart, it has harder time resetting t its nrmal resting rate. (肾上腺素导致钙以更高的速率进入心脏，当有更多的钙通过心脏时，它很难恢复到正常的静息速率)”可知，在危险情况下，心跳是不规律的。故选D。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“S if yu are planning n scaring thers the next Hallween seasn, be sure t d it in a cntrlled setting, especially if yu have a histry f heart prblems.(所以，如果你打算在下一个万圣节吓唬别人，一定要在一个可控的环境中进行，尤其是如果你有心脏病史的话)”可知，文章建议在一个可控的环境中或者以一种可控的方式来享受万圣节。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The key factr in an imagined scare-caused death is a little chemical that anyne wh’s played a particularly intense game f hide-and-seek is very familiar with: adrenaline (肾上腺素). (想象中的恐惧导致死亡的关键因素是一种小化学物质，任何玩过特别激烈的捉迷藏游戏的人都非常熟悉：肾上腺素)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要讲述的是人们因为恐怖而激动，体内产生的肾上腺素可能导致心脏病发作，甚至突然死亡。由此可知，B选项“Is it pssible t be scared t death?(有可能被吓死吗？)”适合作文章标题。故选B。
21．D 22．B 23．C 24．D 25．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了一个国际团队开发的一种计算机辅助方法，可以帮助我们通过修复受损的古代文献与远古人进行对话。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段中“An internatinal grup f cmputer scientists have teamed up t strike up the cnversatin with ancient peple thrugh their writing that have been brken dwn by time. They have develped a cmputer-assisted methd t help us have a cnversatin with peple frm the distant past.( 一组国际计算机科学家已经组队，通过被时间磨损的古代文献重新建立人与人之间的对话。他们开发了一种计算机辅助方法，可以帮助我们与远古人进行交流。)”以及第四段中“Hwever, in this current methd, the image is much mre f a restratin effrt, keeping much f the lk and virtual feel f the dcument. (然而，在当前的方法中，图像更多的是恢复工作，保留了文档的大部分外观和虚拟感觉。)”可知，一个由计算机科学家组成的国际小组目的是通过计算机辅助方法——图片恢复方式，恢复被时间磨损的古代文献。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第三段“Appreciating ancient dcuments, even when in gd cnditin, can require a reader t dig int the rle f a cryptlgist (密码学家). That’s because the cmbinatin f a writer’s handwriting legibility, lettering styles, ld-fashined spelling and grammar cnventins r abbreviatins (缩写) can make even a native language seem unfamiliar. Besides, the same dcument’s legibility can be reduced even mre by faded ink, widened lettering due t expsure t wetness, and s n.(欣赏古代文献，即使是保存完好的文献，也可能需要读者深入挖掘密码学家的作家。这是因为作家的字迹易读性、字母风格、老式拼写和语法惯例或缩写等因素的结合，甚至可以让母语看起来陌生。此外，同样的文件的易读性会因墨水褪色、浸湿导致字体变宽等原因而进一步降低。)”可知，即使保存完好的文献，在阅读过程中也需要密码学家的协助才能完成阅读，同时由于作家的字迹易读性、字母风格、老式拼写和语法惯例或缩写等因素会让古代文献看起来很陌生；文件会因为墨水褪色、浸湿等导致字体变宽等原因而使古代文献的易读性进一步降低，由此可以推断阅读古代文献是非常复杂和具有挑战性的。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Typical digital recnstructin changes a dcument int black text n a white backgrund in an attempt t reveal the text thrugh nise filtering (过滤) and cntrast imprvement. Hwever, in this current methd, the image is much mre f a restratin effrt, keeping much f the lk and virtual feel f the dcument. (典型的数字重建将文档处理成黑色文字在白色背景上，试图通过噪点过滤和对比度增强来揭示其中的文字。然而，在这种当前的方法中，图像更多地是通过恢复工作而得到的，保留了文档的外貌和虚拟感。)”可知，以往的方法是通过将文档处理成黑色文字在白色背景上，当前的新方法是通过恢复工作而得到的，保留了文档的外貌和虚拟感。C选项“It preserves the riginal appearance f the dcuments.(它保留了文件的原始外观。)”与原文信息相符。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据第六段中“S a user culd decide whether a ntatin (符号), page decratin, cffee mug ring stain r anther feature was critical t the understanding by adding r remving layers.(因此，用户可以通过添加或删除图层来决定符号、页面装饰、咖啡杯环污渍或其他功能是否对理解至关重要。)”可知，通过新的方法，研究者可以通过添加或删除图层来决定符号、页面装饰、咖啡杯环污渍或其他功能是否对理解至关重要，即可以去掉对理解文献不必要的信息层。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““Fr example, Lenard da Vinci’s famus wrks were written n pages with watermarks frm varius paper suppliers that allwed dcument histrians t grup them int likely writing perids,” said Usman Habib, an expert n digital restratin.(数字修复专家乌斯曼·哈比卜(Usman Habib)说：“例如，列奥纳多·达·芬奇(Lenard da Vinci)的著名作品是写在带有不同纸张供应商水印的页面上的，这使得文献历史学家可以将它们归类为可能的写作时期。”)”可知，通过数字修复专家Usman Habib所说的话可知，通过该技术能够有助于文献历史学家们归类文献作品，故推断Usman Habib对该技术是支持的。故选C。
26．B 27．D 28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了韩国LP酒吧的兴起。
26．细节理解题。根据文章第一段““There’s a special wave,” Mr. Kim bserved. “All the yung peple ask fr very ld sngs.” he said.(“有一股特殊的浪潮，”金先生说。“所有的年轻人都想要非常古老的歌曲。”他说)”可知，年轻人喜欢听老歌，这在Sechn Blues酒吧中显得很不寻常。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Suth Krean cmpanies ffer few pprtunities t middle-aged wrkers wh haven’t climbed thrugh the ranks. Leaving their jbs in their fifties, with music cllectins becming t large fr their living rms, a few wh haven’t taken up wrk as taxi drivers r security guards began t make a living by pening such bars.(韩国公司很少给没有晋升的中年员工提供机会。他们在50多岁的时候离开了工作，因为音乐收藏太大，他们的客厅无法容纳，一些没有从事出租车司机或保安工作的人开始开这样的酒吧谋生)”可知，LP酒吧为中年员工提供了就业机会。故选D。
28．词句猜测题。根据上文“The first LP bars pened in the 1990s, pssibly inspired by the “listening bars” that riginated in mid-20th century Japan. Music enthusiasts wuld cme t these bars t listen t imprted recrds that were therwise hard t cme by.(第一家LP酒吧在20世纪90年代开业，可能是受到了起源于20世纪中期日本的“聆听酒吧”的启发。音乐爱好者会来这些酒吧听进口唱片，否则那些唱片很难买到)”可知，近年来，越来越多的人喜欢去LP酒吧，LP酒吧的数量会激增，prliferated意为“激增”，和sprung up（涌现，迅速增长）意思接近。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Custmers can request their favurite sngs there. The bar is ften full f tired ffice wrkers, and 20-smething peple and lcal artists at weekends. “There’s a special wave,” Mr. Kim bserved. “All the yung peple ask fr very ld sngs.” he said.( 顾客可以在那里点播他们最喜欢的歌曲。酒吧里经常挤满了疲惫的上班族，还有20多岁的年轻人和周末的当地艺术家。“有一股特殊的浪潮，”金先生说。“所有的年轻人都想要非常古老的歌曲。”他说)”和文章最后一段“All LP bars encurage nstalgia (怀旧).(所有的LP酒吧都鼓励怀旧)”以及“He likes recalling the eighties and nineties and playing sngs frm peple’s yuth. “On the best days, regulars arrive fr just ne drink, and then I play ld sngs they like. And befre yu knw it, it’s midnight and everyne ges hme, drunk and happy,” said Lee Jae-jun.(他喜欢回忆八九十年代，演奏人们年轻时的歌曲。“在最好的日子里，常客们只来喝一杯，然后我就放他们喜欢的老歌。在你意识到之前，已经是午夜了，每个人都回家了，喝得醉醺醺的，很开心。”)”可推知，LP酒吧的氛围是让人感到放松的和怀旧的。故选C。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Mr. Kim’s Sechn Blues is ne f the dzens f “LP bars” in Suth Krea’s capital, many f which are run by men with similar stries.(金先生的Sechn Blues是韩国首都数十家“LP酒吧”之一，其中许多酒吧的经营者都有类似的经历)”、文章第三段“The first LP bars pened in the 1990s, pssibly inspired by the “listening bars” that riginated in mid-20th century Japan. Music enthusiasts wuld cme t these bars t listen t imprted recrds that were therwise hard t cme by. The LP bars have prliferated in recent years with mre and mre peple lving ging there, thus greatly benefiting the middle-aged wners.(第一家LP酒吧在20世纪90年代开业，可能是受到了起源于20世纪中期日本的“聆听酒吧”的启发。音乐爱好者会来这些酒吧听进口唱片，否则很难买到。近年来，LP酒吧的数量激增，越来越多的人喜欢去那里，这给中年老板带来了很大的好处)”以及文章最后一段“All LP bars encurage nstalgia (怀旧).(所有的LP酒吧都鼓励怀旧)”可知，文章主要讲述了韩国LP酒吧的兴起，所以“韩国LP酒吧的兴起”可以作为文章标题。故选B。
31．B 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了随着社交媒体上越来越多的美食图片出现，人们开始关注到，观看食物照片的帖子会影响我们的食物摄取量，建议参考别人的饮食的人们应该增强他们的批判性思维和怀疑精神。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段“When plates are set n the table, phnes, rather than frks, are at the ready. At this pint in ur scial media entanglement(纠缠)，the fact that the camera eats first is pretty much a given. Sure, sme chefs, including Michelin rated star chefs, express their displeasure at this, but effrts t make the table a screen-free dmain have mstly fallen flat. (当盘子放在桌子上时，准备用的是电话，而不是叉子。在这一点上，我们的社交媒体纠缠，相机先吃的事实几乎是给定的。当然，一些厨师，包括米其林星级厨师，表达了他们对此的不满，但让餐桌成为无屏幕区域的努力大多失败了。)”可知，第一段谈论了人们在吃饭前给食物拍照的现象。故选B项。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“New research frm Astn University has fund that peple are indeed influenced by the fd phts that their friends pst n scial media. Fr example, fr every serving f fruits and vegetables that a persn thinks their friends are eating, they’ll eat ne-fifth f a serving mre. This number makes mre sense within the cntext f the recmmended “five a day”, meaning smene wh’s being influenced wuld make a pint f eating six prtins f fruits r vegetables. Similarly, fr every three prtins f junk fd that a persn sees friends cnsuming n scial media, they’ll eat an extra ne. (阿斯顿大学的新研究发现，人们确实会受到朋友在社交媒体上发布的食物照片的影响。例如，一个人认为他的朋友正在吃的每一份水果和蔬菜，他们就会多吃五分之一份。在建议的“每天五份”的背景下，这个数字更有意义，这意味着受影响的人会特别注意吃六份水果或蔬菜。同样，当一个人看到朋友在社交媒体上吃垃圾食品时，他们每吃三份，就会多吃一份。)”可知，人们看到朋友的在线帖子的后果是他们会比他们的朋友消费得更多。故选C项。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“Study supervisrs Dr. Jasn Thmas said, ‘The implicatin is that we can use scial media as a tl t encurage each ther’s eating chice within friendship grups, and use this knwledge as a tl fr public health interventins.’ (研究主管杰森·托马斯博士说：“这意味着我们可以利用社交媒体作为一种工具，在朋友圈中鼓励彼此的饮食选择，并将这些知识作为公共卫生干预的工具。”)”可知，Dr. Jasn Thmas对社交媒体的态度是肯定的。故选A项。
34．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Actually, the daily fd situatin is smewhat different frm everything else psted n scial media. Peple als desire t cpy what they see but they need gd scial media literacy skills in rder t grasp what’s realistic and what’s absurd. It is necessary t avid the fake perfectin f scial media. (实际上，每天的食物状况与社交媒体上发布的其他内容有些不同。人们也渴望复制他们看到的东西，但他们需要良好的社交媒体素养技能，以便掌握什么是现实的，什么是荒谬的。有必要避免社交媒体的虚假完美。)”可知，建议参考别人的饮食的人们应该增强他们的批判性思维和怀疑精神。故选D项。
35．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“By all means, keep yur antennae (触角) ut fr new ideas, but gather them frm fd magazines, ckbks, stre flyers, reliable cking websites, and recmmended recipes frm friends and family. (无论如何，保持你的触角去寻找新的想法，但是从食物杂志、烹饪书、商店传单、可靠的烹饪网站以及朋友和家人推荐的食谱中收集它们。)”可知，最后一段鼓励人们拓宽食物灵感的来源。故选D项。
36．D 37．A 38．C 39．C 40．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一家以色列食品科技创业公司 Remilk 在不伤害任何一头奶牛或地球的情况下创造了真正的乳制品。
36．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The cmpany says that the lab-prduced milk tastes identical t the real thing and they hpe t eventually replace cws by creating every dairy prduct sld. (该公司表示，实验室生产的牛奶尝起来和真正的牛奶一样，他们希望最终能够通过生产每一种销售的乳制品来取代奶牛。)”可知，Remilk和其他牛奶替代品的不同之处在于它尝起来和牛奶一样。故选D。
37．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Made frm a special prcess called micrbial fermentatin(微生物发酵), milk is manufactured in a lab instead f in a cw. And the end prduct is very healthy. “In a very simple way, we take the gene that encdes fr the milk prtein,” said Aviv Wlff, CEO f Remilk.”The gene functins as an instructin bk fr the prductin f the prtein it encdes. And s, we insert the gene int a micrbe that we’ve develped and it instructs ur micrbe t prduce the specific prtein in a very efficient way.”(牛奶是由一种叫做微生物发酵的特殊过程制成的，牛奶是在实验室而不是在奶牛体内生产的。最终产品是非常健康的。Remilk 公司首席执行官阿维夫·沃尔夫(Aviv Wlff)说: “用一种非常简单的方法，我们取出牛奶蛋白质的编码基因。”这种基因的作用就像一本指导手册，指导它编码的蛋白质的生产。因此，我们把这个基因插入到我们已经培育出来的微生物中，它指导我们的微生物以一种非常有效的方式产生特定的蛋白质。”)”可知，第二段主要介绍了Remilk的生产过程，故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第三段中Wlff 所说的话“Remilk was funded with the missin t stp using animals t prduce ur fd because, as dairy lvers, we realize that giving up n milk is nt an ptin.(Remilk成立的初衷是停止使用动物生产我们的食物，因为作为乳制品爱好者，我们意识到放弃牛奶不是一种选择。)”可知，Remilk旨在生产非动物性食品。故选C。
39．词句猜测题。根据最后一段划线单词所在句子“Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, dairy cws add a huge amunt f greenhuse gasses t the atmsphere and cntribute t glbal warming and climate change as well as ful the air arund them.(据世界野生动物基金会称，奶牛向大气层中排放了大量的温室气体，造成了全球变暖和气候变化，并ful它们周围的空气。)”可知，奶牛向大气层中排放了大量的温室气体，这会污染周围的空气，由此可推知，划线单词ful意为“污染”，与C项“Pllute(污染)”同义，故选C。
40．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The dairy industry is destructive t ur planet, ur health, and ur animals, and is simply nt sustainable anymre(乳制品行业对我们的地球、我们的健康和我们的动物都是破坏性的，而且不再是可持续的了)”和最后一段中“Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, dairy cws add a huge amunt f greenhuse gasses t the atmsphere and cntribute t glbal warming and climate change as well as ful the air arund them. Dairy peratins cnsume large amunts f water and run-ff f manure(粪肥)and fertilizers frm these farms get int lcal waterways. (奶牛养殖的环境代价太高了。据世界野生动物基金会称，奶牛给大气层增加了大量的温室气体，造成了全球变暖和气候变化，并污染了它们周围的空气。奶牛场消耗了大量的水，而这些农场排出的粪肥和肥料流入了当地的水道。)”可推知，传统的乳制品行业一点都不环保。故选B。
41．D 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人工智能在未来能够进入医院，为病人诊断并确认疾病，但还需要很多研究才能赶的上真正的医生。
41．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are mre patients in need than there are dctrs, nurses and ther staff t help them. Many parents have suffered thrugh hurs in the ER with a sick, upset child, nly t get sent hme because their case is nt cnsidered urgent.(需要帮助的病人比医生、护士和其他工作人员要多。许多父母在急诊室忍受了几个小时的痛苦，他们的孩子生病了，心烦意乱，结果却被送回家，因为他们的情况不被认为是紧急的)”可知，病人比医生、护士和其他工作人员要多，有些人得不到救治，所以推知急诊室里挤满了病人。故选D项。
42．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Nw, a new study shws that AI systems can assess a child’s medical chart and cme up with a diagnsis, a determinatin f what is wrng with that patient.(现在，一项新的研究表明，人工智能系统可以评估儿童的医疗图表，并提出诊断，确定患者的问题)”可知，文章主要讲述了一项新的研究表明，人工智能可以用于识别和诊断疾病。故选B项。”
43．细节理解题。根据第三段“First, a team f dctrs reviewed 6, 183 medical charts. They summarized the infrmatin in these charts int a list f keywrds linked t disease-related symptms r signs, such as “fever”. Researchers then taught these keywrds t the AI system. Once trained, the system scanned children’s charts fr the key terms, checking if they were present r nt in rder t cme t a cnclusin. Finally, it ffered diagnses based n the charts, narrwing dwn frm amng 55 illness categries.(首先，一组医生审查了6183张医疗图表。他们将这些图表中的信息总结成一个与疾病相关症状或体征(如“发烧”)相关的关键词列表。然后，研究人员将这些关键词教给人工智能系统。一旦训练完毕，系统就会扫描孩子们的图表，寻找关键术语，检查它们是否存在，以便得出结论。最后，它根据图表提供诊断，从55种疾病类别中缩小范围)”可知，人工智能系统通过扫描一种疾病的关键词来判断病人的疾病。故选C项。
44．推理判断题。根据第四段“It agreed with real dctrs abut 90 percent f the time. It was especially effective at identifying illnesses f the ear, nse and thrat. Fr these upper-respiratry infectins, the Al system gt it right 95 percent f the time.(它在90%的情况下与真正的医生一致。它在识别耳鼻喉疾病方面尤其有效。对于这些上呼吸道感染，人工智能系统的准确率为95%)”可推知，人工智能系统的大多数医疗判断与医生的判断相同。故选A项。
45．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Dngxia Zhu, an assistant prfessr f cmputer science at Wayne State University wh did nt take part in the study, hwever, sees this as “augmented intelligence (增强智能)” rather than “artificial intelligence”, because the system handled nly 55 illness categries. Cmpare that t thusands f pssibilities in the real wrld. The machine cannt yet get int the mre cmplex aspects f a medical decisin.(韦恩州立大学(Wayne State University)计算机科学助理教授朱东晓没有参与这项研究，但他认为这是“增强智能”，而不是“人工智能”，因为该系统只处理55种疾病。与现实世界中成千上万的可能性相比。这台机器还不能处理更复杂的医疗决策)”以及最后一段“Zhu is als cncerned abut the amunt f human wrk that went int the study—namely, the time and energy spent by human dctrs. They spent hurs grading the machine’s assessments and cmparing them t their wn. It’s n wnder that the prcess tk fur years. Cnsidering that, it may be a while befre yu can skip the ER and see a rbt-dctr instead.(朱还担心研究中人类的工作量，即人类医生花费的时间和精力。他们花了几个小时给机器的评估打分，并将其与自己的评估进行比较。难怪这个过程花了四年时间。考虑到这一点，你可能还需要一段时间才能跳过急诊室，去看机器人医生)”可推知，朱教授认为这台机器还不能处理更复杂的医疗决策以及评估时间过长，所以他们需要改进很多。故选A项。
46．C 47．C 48．A 49．B 50．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了野火正变得越来越频繁、危害越来越大。
46．推理判断题。在第二段“‘With climate change, it seems like the dmines are beginning t fall,’ NASA hydrlgist JT Reager tld the BBC. ‘We get warmer temperatures, we get less rain and snw. The reservirs (水库) start drying up, then in a place like the West f the US, we get wildfires.’(“随着气候变化，多米诺骨牌似乎开始倒下，”美国宇航局水文学家JT·Reager告诉BBC。“气温升高，雨雪减少。水库开始干涸，然后在美国西部这样的地方，我们就会发生野火。”)”中，作者引用美国宇航局水文学家Reager的话是为了解释气候变化是如何导致野火的。故选C。
47．词句猜测题。第四段中“These fires destry hmes and businesses, claim lives and als negatively impact the envirnment. (这些火灾摧毁了房屋和企业，夺去了生命，还对环境产生了负面影响。)”具体说明了野火在包括美国和澳大利亚在内的国家造成了严重破坏，是对第三段“In recent years, wildfires have wreaked havc acrss cuntries including the US and Australia.”观点的阐述，所以划线短语wreaked havc为“造成严重破坏”之意。故选C。
48．细节理解题。根据第四段中“As climate change wrsens, glbal temperatures increase and s des the risk f wildfires.(随着气候变化的恶化，全球气温上升，野火的风险也随之增加。)”可知，野火如此普遍和猛烈是因为全球变暖使其更容易发生。故选A项。
49．细节理解题。根据第六段“Anther article published in Nature jurnal n April 19 fund that wildfires have created seasnal pllutin patterns in the nrthwestern US. (4月19日发表在《自然》杂志上的另一篇文章发现，野火在美国西北部造成了季节性污染模式。)”可知，野火对美国西北部造成了季节性的污染模式。故选B。
50．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The Natinal Frestry and Grassland Administratin adpted muntain watchtwers, frest cameras and aerial drnes(无人机) t prevent frest fires in the summer. (国家林业和草原局采用了山地瞭望塔、森林摄像机和空中无人机来预防夏季森林火灾。)”可知，在中国已经采取措施防止野火的发生。故选D。
【点睛】