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北师大版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 10作业含答案
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这是一份北师大版高中英语选择性必修第四册UNIT 10作业含答案，共20页。
UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS (满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟) 第一部分 阅读(共两节， 满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分) A Where to Eat in Bangkok (2023年全国甲卷)Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.Nahm Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.Bo. lan Bo. lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009．Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots，yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.Gaggan Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list，progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-storey colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theatre at its best.1．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common?A．They adopt modern cooking methods.B．They have branches in London.C．They have top-class chefs.D．They are based in hotels.2．Which restaurant offers a large set menu?A．Gaggan. B．Bo. lan.C．Issaya Siamese Club. D．Nahm.3．What is special about Gaggan?A．It hires staff from India.B．It puts on a play every day.C．It serves hard-to-find local dishes.D．It shows the cooking process to guests.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。1．C 细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010(主厨David Thompson在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店). ”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant(Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师Ian Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅). ”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。2．B 细节理解题。根据小标题Bo. lan下的“For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu(对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐). ”可知，Bo. lan提供大型套餐。故选B项。3．D 细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的“The best table in this two-storey colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action(在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作). ”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。B When it comes to making healthy lifestyle changes which should come first — changing your diet or becoming more physically active?Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends to be discouraging. That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually, and set smaller goals.So the scientists divided 200 inactive participants who were age 45 or older into four groups. One group was instructed about making diet and fitness changes at the same time, the second group was taught about diet changes first, then fitness changes four months later, the third group changed their exercise habits first and made changes in their eating habits four months later, and the final, control group was not instructed about either diet or fitness changes but about how to manage their stress.The researchers tracked the groups for a full year. Compared to the control group, the three intervention(干预) groups made healthy changes in their diet. Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months. However, at the end of the year, the group that changed both diet and exercise at the same time was the only one that met the nationally recommended targets for both exercise and nutrition levels, while those who worked on improving their nutrition first were unable to meet the recommended levels of fitness after a year. The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity.However, the findings show that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives. If folks change diet and exercise orderly, the scientists say, they may end up placing more importance on the first set of behaviour changes and feel less pressured to address the second set.4．The advice mentioned in the second paragraph seemed ______ .A．popular B．dangerous C．scientific D．unsatisfactory 5．Which group made progress earlier than other groups in increasing the amount of daily exercise?A．The first group. B．The second group.C．The third group. D．The control group.6．The reason why those improving their nutrition first failed to meet the levels of fitness after a year might be that ______ .A．they might be very lazy B．they wouldn’t like to change their behaviour C．it is much harder to change physical activity D．they might put on weight before changing their physical activity 7．Which of the following does the author probably approve of?A．Pairing diet and exercise changes.B．Becoming more physically active first.C．Changing diet and exercise following a fixed order.D．Changing diet first and placing more importance on it.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。要想健康生活，是先节食还是先运动呢？研究发现，两者同时进行最好。4．D 细节理解题。根据第二段 “Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends to be discouraging. That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually, and set smaller goals (以前的研究表明，同时向人们提供太多关于营养和体育活动的信息往往会令人沮丧。这导致了建议人们逐渐做出改变并设定小目标的流行). ”可知，这些建议都有弊端，所以不能令人满意。故选D项。5．C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months (与其他组相比，那些改变了健身习惯的人首先在四个月后每天的运动量明显增加). ”可知，这部分人在运动方面最先取得进步。又根据第三段可知，这部分人对应的是第三组。故选C项。6．C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity (研究人员怀疑改变饮食比改变体能活动更容易). ”可知，一开始先进行节食训练的小组一年后在运动方面还不达标，可能的原因是，运动比节食改变起来更费劲。。故选C项。7．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “…that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives (将饮食和锻炼相结合可能有助于克服人们在生活中增加体育活动时所面临的一些障碍). ”可知，作者可能赞成改变饮食和锻炼的搭配。故选A项。C (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)On March 7，1907，the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate，and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together，they cancel each other out，resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons，people’s errors become correlated or dependent，the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time，but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently，the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow，these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.8．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A．The methods of estimation.B．The underlying logic of the effect.C．The causes of people’s errors.D．The design of Galton’s experiment.9．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ______ .A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent 10．What did the follow-up study focus on?A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members.C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates.11．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful. D．Approving.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章介绍了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。8．B 段落大意题。根据第二段“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降). ”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B项。9．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的). ”和第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确). ”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的。说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D项。10．C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds(在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)？”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题可知，后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C项。11．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的). ”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。由此推断，作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D项。D (2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.In this “book of books”， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to .Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智)，wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press，books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently，as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened，the pages parted，the contents reviewed，perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.12．Where is the text most probably taken from?A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing.C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings.13．What are the selected artworks about?A．Wealth and intellect. B．Home and school.C．Books and reading. D．Work and leisure.14．What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Understand. B．Paint.C．Seize. D．Transform.15．What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?A．The printed book is not totally out of date.B．Technology has changed the way we read.C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked.D．People now rarely have the patience to read.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers这本书主要说明了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。12．A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In this ’book of books’， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures(在这本 ’书之书’中，艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系). ”以及第三段中的“Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智), wealth or faith of the subject (书籍本身可以在绘画中象征性地用来展示智慧，主体的财富或信仰). ”和最后一段中的“From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader(从21世纪的角度来看，这本印刷书无疑是古老的，但它仍然像任何电子阅读器一样具有互动性). ”可推知，本文最有可能出自一本印刷书的扉页，即对该书的介绍。故选A项。13．C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“…artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点). ”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C项。14．A 词义猜测题。根据画线词语前的“…artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点). ”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻). ”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带。故与画线词语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A项。15．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader(它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, ’off-line’ activity(印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分) Personal Forgiveness (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step，but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错) is human. __16__ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading “Personal strengths”. __17__ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness”. On this one，list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. __18__ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. __19__ That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is，it’s true. __20__ We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。作者鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。16．D 根据空前的“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错) is human(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过). ”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点). ”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空格处应该和“不要太自责”相似。D项“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. ”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D项。17．B 根据空前的“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading ’Personal strengths’(在日记或纸上写上’个人优点’). ”以及空后的“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行). ”可知，空格处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。B项“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. ”符合语境，下文具体解释哪些是优点。故选B项。18．F 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading ’Acts of kindness’. On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day(在第二页的顶部，写上 ’善举’的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候). ”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。F项“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. ”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F项。19．C 根据空后的“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through(那样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面). ”可知，空格处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。C项“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. ”符合语境；C项中的“They”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容). ”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致；同时C项和下文中的“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法). ”中的“this”一致。故选C项。20．G 根据空前的“It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的). ”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。G项“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境；G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后的“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式). ”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G项。第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) (2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷)In April last year，I saw a post on the PNP(Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __21__ . They could not afford to pay for __22__ for their dog, Tiffy, and __23__ wanted to take her with them.It just __24__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen，who __25__ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to __26__ Tiffy.When I met Tiffy’s owners，they seemed very __27__ . George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was __28__ for him，having to leave his dog to a __29__ and trust that everything would __30__ .After some goodbyes，I asked George and his wife to help me __31__ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and __32__ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.The flight was __33__ ，and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day，she __34__ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so __35__ and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.21．A．turn B．budget C．schedule D．connection 22．A．food B．shelter C．medicine D．transportation 23．A．desperately B．temporarily C．secretly D．originally 24．A．appeared B．proved C．happened D．showed 25．A．waited B．offered C．hurried D．failed 26．A．see off B．look for C．hand over D．pick up 27．A．confused B．nervous C．annoyed D．curious 28．A．hard B．fine C．common D．lucky 29．A．coworker B．passenger C．stranger D．neighbour 30．A．speed up B．work out C．come back D．take off 31．A．feed B．follow C．change D．load 32．A．call B．join C．leave D．serve 33．A．unnecessary B．unexpected C．unavoidable D．uneventful 34．A．returned B．fought C．flew D．agreed 35．A．thankful B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过Pilots N Paws网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程。作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边。21．B 考查名词。句意：他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但他们的预算非常紧张。A．turn转折点；B．budget预算；C．schedule时间表；D．connection联系。根据“They could not afford to pay for __22__ for their dog, Tiffy…”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B项。22．D 考查名词。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。A．food食物；B．shelter庇护；C．medicine药；D．transportation交通。根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __21__ . ”及下文内容可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。故选D项。23．A 考查副词。句意：同上题。A．desperately非常、拼命地；B．temporarily暂时地；C．secretly秘密地；D．originally起初。根据“wanted to take her with them”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。故选A项。24．C 考查动词。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行。她主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A．appeared出现；B．proved证明；C．happened碰巧；D．showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C项。25．B 考查动词。句意：同上题。A．waited等待；B．offered提供、主动提出；C．hurried匆忙；D．failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B项。26．D 考查动词短语。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A．see off为……送行；B．look for寻找；C．hand over移交；D．pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D项。27．B 考查形容词。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。A．confused困惑的；B．nervous紧张的；C．annoyed恼怒的；D．curious好奇的。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __28__ for him, having to leave his dog to a __29__ and trust that everything would __30__ . ”可知，这家人看起来有点紧张和不安。故选B项。28．A 考查形容词。句意：丈夫George试图冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A．hard困难的；B．fine好的；C．common常见的；D．lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“…having to leave his dog to a __29__ and trust that everything would __30__ . ”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A项。29．C 考查名词。句意：同上题。A．coworker合作者；B．passenger乘客；C．stranger陌生人；D．neighbor邻居。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __28__ for him…”可知，要把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C项。30．B 考查动词短语。句意：同第28题。A．speed up加速；B．work out解决；C．come back回来；D．take off起飞。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __28__ for him…”可知，让狗的主人George相信一个陌生人一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B项。31．D 考查动词。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A．feed喂养；B．follow跟随；C．change改变；D．load装载。load into表示“装入”。根据空格处后面的“…Tiffy into the plane. ”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D项。32．A 考查动词。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A．call打电话；B．join加入；C．leave离开；D．serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A项。33．D 考查形容词。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。A．unnecessary没有必要的；B．unexpected意想不到的；C．unavoidable不可避免的；D．uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。故选D项。34．C 考查动词。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚的George那里。 A．returned返回；B．fought打仗；C．flew飞；D．agreed同意。根据“It just __24__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who __25__ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. ”可知，Karen愿意带Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚。故选C项。35．A 考查形容词。句意：他非常感激，给我发了一封很不错的电子邮件，并附上了照片。A．thankful感激的；B．generous慷慨的；C．proud骄傲的；D．sympathetic同情的。通读全文，尤其是根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。故选A项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分， 满分15分) Mochi(年糕) is a traditional food popular in Chinese and Japanese cooking, made from 36．________ (special) treated rice. It is often presented in the form of a round cake, and is traditionally exchanged at the New Year.Mochi is made by 37．________ (put) sticky rice into water overnight, cooking it and pounding it into a sticky paste. The paste is made into shapes ranging from simple to complex rounds, some of 38．________ are stuffed with sweet fillings. Mochi is often decorated with 39．________ (flower) or fruits, especially when it is exchanged as 40．________ gift at celebrations like birthdays and the New Year.Traditionally, wooden mortars(臼) and pestles(杵) 41．________ (use) to pound mochi rice. Fresh mochi is usually cooked and served warm 42．________ a variety of sauces. Steaming and boiling are both popular preparations in Japan, along with cooking. Fresh mochi is soft but it 43．________ (hard) quickly. Prepacked mochi blocks, flattened and cut into square pieces or shaped into rounds, are available at grocery stores. Mochi can go bad easily, so it’s 44．________ (good) to cook soon than to keep it in your fridge.Hard mochi pieces can be cooked, deep-fried, boiled, and more. Cooked mochi is very sticky, so be careful not 45．________ (choke) on it.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在我国和日本受欢迎的传统食物——年糕。36．specially 考查副词。句意：年糕是一种在我国和日本很流行的传统食物，由经过特殊处理的大米制成。此处要用副词修饰形容词treated。故填specially。37．putting 考查非谓语动词。句意：年糕是将糯米放入水中过夜。by是介词，意为“通过”，后接动词的ing形式。故填putting。38．which 考查定语从句。句意：这种糊状物的形状从简单的圆形到复杂的圆形，有些是甜馅的。此处是定语从句，指代上文的paste，在从句中作介词宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。39．flowers 考查名词的数。句意：年糕通常用鲜花或水果装饰。根据“or fruits”可知，此处用复数名词。故填flowers。40．a 考查冠词。句意：……中尤其是在生日和新年等庆祝活动中作为礼物交换时。根据“as 40．______ gift”可知，gift意为“礼物”，可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。41．are used 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：传统上，木臼和杵是用来捣糯米的。主语是“wooden mortars(臼) and pestles(杵)”，谓语动词用复数形式，又因为主语与动词use是被动关系，且时态是一般现在时，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are used。42．with 考查介词。句意：新鲜的年糕通常是煮熟的，并与各种酱料一起热着吃。介词with表示“与……一起”。故填with。43．hardens 考查词型转换及动词时态。句意：新鲜的年糕很软，但会很快变硬。主语是it，是第三人称单数，指“Fresh mochi”，时态是一般现在时。故填hardens。44．better 考查形容词比较级。句意：年糕很容易变坏，所以与其把它存放在冰箱里，不如现煮现吃。根据than可知，此处应用比较级，又因为跟在系动词后，应填形容词。故填better。45．to choke 考查非谓语动词。句意：煮熟的年糕很黏，所以要小心别噎着了。be careful to do sth. 意为“小心做某事”，是固定搭配，此处用动词不定式。故填to choke。第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) (2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷)假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语。你认为这样分组存在问题，请你给外教写一封邮件。内容包括： 1．说明问题； 2．提出建议。注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Ryan， I’m Li Hua from Class30. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua One possible version： Dear Ryan， I’m Li Hua from Class3． I think it’s not a good idea to pair up students randomly for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.To begin with, pairing up students randomly may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.Thank you for considering my suggestion. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)When I was in middle school，my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil，so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play，where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.So，why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this. ” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith(银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18，1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea，but funny，and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice.What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But，like Revere’s horse，I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.When I handed in the essay to my teacher，he read it，laughed out loud，and said，“Great. Now，write it again. ” I wrote it again，and again and again. When I finally finished it，the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care.注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news. ________________ ____________________________________________________________________ One possible version： A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you’d win! I am proud of you. You made it！” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much！” I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ One possible version： I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing. ” “You know I didn’t like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works. ” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
UNIT 10 CONNECTIONS (满分：120分 建议用时：120分钟) 第一部分 阅读(共两节， 满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分， 满分37.5分) A Where to Eat in Bangkok (2023年全国甲卷)Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.Nahm Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary(烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the world’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.Issaya Siamese Club Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.Bo. lan Bo. lan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary scene since it opened in 2009．Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots，yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candle-lit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu.Gaggan Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list，progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-storey colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theatre at its best.1．What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common?A．They adopt modern cooking methods.B．They have branches in London.C．They have top-class chefs.D．They are based in hotels.2．Which restaurant offers a large set menu?A．Gaggan. B．Bo. lan.C．Issaya Siamese Club. D．Nahm.3．What is special about Gaggan?A．It hires staff from India.B．It puts on a play every day.C．It serves hard-to-find local dishes.D．It shows the cooking process to guests.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一些关于从哪里开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议。1．C 细节理解题。根据小标题Nahm下的“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010(主厨David Thompson在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星，他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店). ”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的“Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Ian Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant(Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师Ian Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅). ”可知，Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C项。2．B 细节理解题。根据小标题Bo. lan下的“For those extremely hungry, there’s a large set menu(对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐). ”可知，Bo. lan提供大型套餐。故选B项。3．D 细节理解题。根据小标题Gaggan下的“The best table in this two-storey colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action(在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中，最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户，在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作). ”可知，Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D项。B When it comes to making healthy lifestyle changes which should come first — changing your diet or becoming more physically active?Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends to be discouraging. That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually, and set smaller goals.So the scientists divided 200 inactive participants who were age 45 or older into four groups. One group was instructed about making diet and fitness changes at the same time, the second group was taught about diet changes first, then fitness changes four months later, the third group changed their exercise habits first and made changes in their eating habits four months later, and the final, control group was not instructed about either diet or fitness changes but about how to manage their stress.The researchers tracked the groups for a full year. Compared to the control group, the three intervention(干预) groups made healthy changes in their diet. Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months. However, at the end of the year, the group that changed both diet and exercise at the same time was the only one that met the nationally recommended targets for both exercise and nutrition levels, while those who worked on improving their nutrition first were unable to meet the recommended levels of fitness after a year. The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity.However, the findings show that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives. If folks change diet and exercise orderly, the scientists say, they may end up placing more importance on the first set of behaviour changes and feel less pressured to address the second set.4．The advice mentioned in the second paragraph seemed ______ .A．popular B．dangerous C．scientific D．unsatisfactory 5．Which group made progress earlier than other groups in increasing the amount of daily exercise?A．The first group. B．The second group.C．The third group. D．The control group.6．The reason why those improving their nutrition first failed to meet the levels of fitness after a year might be that ______ .A．they might be very lazy B．they wouldn’t like to change their behaviour C．it is much harder to change physical activity D．they might put on weight before changing their physical activity 7．Which of the following does the author probably approve of?A．Pairing diet and exercise changes.B．Becoming more physically active first.C．Changing diet and exercise following a fixed order.D．Changing diet first and placing more importance on it.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。要想健康生活，是先节食还是先运动呢？研究发现，两者同时进行最好。4．D 细节理解题。根据第二段 “Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends to be discouraging. That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually, and set smaller goals (以前的研究表明，同时向人们提供太多关于营养和体育活动的信息往往会令人沮丧。这导致了建议人们逐渐做出改变并设定小目标的流行). ”可知，这些建议都有弊端，所以不能令人满意。故选D项。5．C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months (与其他组相比，那些改变了健身习惯的人首先在四个月后每天的运动量明显增加). ”可知，这部分人在运动方面最先取得进步。又根据第三段可知，这部分人对应的是第三组。故选C项。6．C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity (研究人员怀疑改变饮食比改变体能活动更容易). ”可知，一开始先进行节食训练的小组一年后在运动方面还不达标，可能的原因是，运动比节食改变起来更费劲。。故选C项。7．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “…that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives (将饮食和锻炼相结合可能有助于克服人们在生活中增加体育活动时所面临的一些障碍). ”可知，作者可能赞成改变饮食和锻炼的搭配。故选A项。C (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)On March 7，1907，the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate，and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together，they cancel each other out，resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons，people’s errors become correlated or dependent，the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time，but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently，the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow，these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain，the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.8．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A．The methods of estimation.B．The underlying logic of the effect.C．The causes of people’s errors.D．The design of Galton’s experiment.9．Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ______ .A．the crowds were relatively small B．there were occasional underestimates C．individuals did not communicate D．estimates were not fully independent 10．What did the follow-up study focus on?A．The size of the groups. B．The dominant members.C．The discussion process. D．The individual estimates.11．What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful. D．Approving.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章介绍了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。8．B 段落大意题。根据第二段“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降). ”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B项。9．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent(从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的). ”和第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals(这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确). ”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的。说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D项。10．C 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds(在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)？”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题可知，后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C项。11．D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous(尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的). ”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。由此推断，作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D项。D (2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading，we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.In this “book of books”， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school，with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed(描绘) alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to .Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智)，wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press，books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently，as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway，artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view，the printed book is certainly ancient，but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened，the pages parted，the contents reviewed，perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked，a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.12．Where is the text most probably taken from?A．An introduction to a book. B．An essay on the art of writing.C．A guidebook to a museum. D．A review of modern paintings.13．What are the selected artworks about?A．Wealth and intellect. B．Home and school.C．Books and reading. D．Work and leisure.14．What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Understand. B．Paint.C．Seize. D．Transform.15．What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?A．The printed book is not totally out of date.B．Technology has changed the way we read.C．Our lives in the 21st century are networked.D．People now rarely have the patience to read.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍Reading Art：Art for Book Lovers这本书主要说明了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。12．A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In this ’book of books’， artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures(在这本 ’书之书’中，艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系). ”以及第三段中的“Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect(才智), wealth or faith of the subject (书籍本身可以在绘画中象征性地用来展示智慧，主体的财富或信仰). ”和最后一段中的“From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader(从21世纪的角度来看，这本印刷书无疑是古老的，但它仍然像任何电子阅读器一样具有互动性). ”可推知，本文最有可能出自一本印刷书的扉页，即对该书的介绍。故选A项。13．C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“…artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点). ”可知，选定的艺术品是关于书籍和阅读的。故选C项。14．A 词义猜测题。根据画线词语前的“…artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations(艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点). ”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻). ”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带。故与画线词语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A项。15．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader(它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, ’off-line’ activity(印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A项。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分， 满分12.5分) Personal Forgiveness (2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step，but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错) is human. __16__ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading “Personal strengths”. __17__ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness”. On this one，list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. __18__ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. __19__ That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is，it’s true. __20__ We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.D．It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.E．It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.F．Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.G．Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文。作者鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。16．D 根据空前的“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err(犯错) is human(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过). ”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点). ”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空格处应该和“不要太自责”相似。D项“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. ”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D项。17．B 根据空前的“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading ’Personal strengths’(在日记或纸上写上’个人优点’). ”以及空后的“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行). ”可知，空格处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。B项“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. ”符合语境，下文具体解释哪些是优点。故选B项。18．F 根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading ’Acts of kindness’. On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day(在第二页的顶部，写上 ’善举’的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候). ”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。F项“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. ”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F项。19．C 根据空后的“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through(那样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面). ”可知，空格处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。C项“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. ”符合语境；C项中的“They”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容). ”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致；同时C项和下文中的“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法). ”中的“this”一致。故选C项。20．G 根据空前的“It’s something of a cliché(陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的). ”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。G项“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境；G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后的“We’re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式). ”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G项。第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) (2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷)In April last year，I saw a post on the PNP(Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __21__ . They could not afford to pay for __22__ for their dog, Tiffy, and __23__ wanted to take her with them.It just __24__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen，who __25__ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to __26__ Tiffy.When I met Tiffy’s owners，they seemed very __27__ . George，the husband，was trying to be calm，but I could tell this was __28__ for him，having to leave his dog to a __29__ and trust that everything would __30__ .After some goodbyes，I asked George and his wife to help me __31__ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and __32__ them as soon as we got to Kansas City.The flight was __33__ ，and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day，she __34__ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so __35__ and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.21．A．turn B．budget C．schedule D．connection 22．A．food B．shelter C．medicine D．transportation 23．A．desperately B．temporarily C．secretly D．originally 24．A．appeared B．proved C．happened D．showed 25．A．waited B．offered C．hurried D．failed 26．A．see off B．look for C．hand over D．pick up 27．A．confused B．nervous C．annoyed D．curious 28．A．hard B．fine C．common D．lucky 29．A．coworker B．passenger C．stranger D．neighbour 30．A．speed up B．work out C．come back D．take off 31．A．feed B．follow C．change D．load 32．A．call B．join C．leave D．serve 33．A．unnecessary B．unexpected C．unavoidable D．uneventful 34．A．returned B．fought C．flew D．agreed 35．A．thankful B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过Pilots N Paws网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程。作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边。21．B 考查名词。句意：他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但他们的预算非常紧张。A．turn转折点；B．budget预算；C．schedule时间表；D．connection联系。根据“They could not afford to pay for __22__ for their dog, Tiffy…”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张。故选B项。22．D 考查名词。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。A．food食物；B．shelter庇护；C．medicine药；D．transportation交通。根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __21__ . ”及下文内容可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费。故选D项。23．A 考查副词。句意：同上题。A．desperately非常、拼命地；B．temporarily暂时地；C．secretly秘密地；D．originally起初。根据“wanted to take her with them”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走。故选A项。24．C 考查动词。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行。她主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A．appeared出现；B．proved证明；C．happened碰巧；D．showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C项。25．B 考查动词。句意：同上题。A．waited等待；B．offered提供、主动提出；C．hurried匆忙；D．failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B项。26．D 考查动词短语。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A．see off为……送行；B．look for寻找；C．hand over移交；D．pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D项。27．B 考查形容词。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。A．confused困惑的；B．nervous紧张的；C．annoyed恼怒的；D．curious好奇的。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __28__ for him, having to leave his dog to a __29__ and trust that everything would __30__ . ”可知，这家人看起来有点紧张和不安。故选B项。28．A 考查形容词。句意：丈夫George试图冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A．hard困难的；B．fine好的；C．common常见的；D．lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“…having to leave his dog to a __29__ and trust that everything would __30__ . ”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难。故选A项。29．C 考查名词。句意：同上题。A．coworker合作者；B．passenger乘客；C．stranger陌生人；D．neighbor邻居。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __28__ for him…”可知，要把狗留给一个陌生人。故选C项。30．B 考查动词短语。句意：同第28题。A．speed up加速；B．work out解决；C．come back回来；D．take off起飞。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __28__ for him…”可知，让狗的主人George相信一个陌生人一切都会解决好，对他来说很难。故选B项。31．D 考查动词。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A．feed喂养；B．follow跟随；C．change改变；D．load装载。load into表示“装入”。根据空格处后面的“…Tiffy into the plane. ”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D项。32．A 考查动词。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A．call打电话；B．join加入；C．leave离开；D．serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A项。33．D 考查形容词。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。A．unnecessary没有必要的；B．unexpected意想不到的；C．unavoidable不可避免的；D．uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事。故选D项。34．C 考查动词。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚的George那里。 A．returned返回；B．fought打仗；C．flew飞；D．agreed同意。根据“It just __24__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who __25__ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. ”可知，Karen愿意带Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚。故选C项。35．A 考查形容词。句意：他非常感激，给我发了一封很不错的电子邮件，并附上了照片。A．thankful感激的；B．generous慷慨的；C．proud骄傲的；D．sympathetic同情的。通读全文，尤其是根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激。故选A项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分， 满分15分) Mochi(年糕) is a traditional food popular in Chinese and Japanese cooking, made from 36．________ (special) treated rice. It is often presented in the form of a round cake, and is traditionally exchanged at the New Year.Mochi is made by 37．________ (put) sticky rice into water overnight, cooking it and pounding it into a sticky paste. The paste is made into shapes ranging from simple to complex rounds, some of 38．________ are stuffed with sweet fillings. Mochi is often decorated with 39．________ (flower) or fruits, especially when it is exchanged as 40．________ gift at celebrations like birthdays and the New Year.Traditionally, wooden mortars(臼) and pestles(杵) 41．________ (use) to pound mochi rice. Fresh mochi is usually cooked and served warm 42．________ a variety of sauces. Steaming and boiling are both popular preparations in Japan, along with cooking. Fresh mochi is soft but it 43．________ (hard) quickly. Prepacked mochi blocks, flattened and cut into square pieces or shaped into rounds, are available at grocery stores. Mochi can go bad easily, so it’s 44．________ (good) to cook soon than to keep it in your fridge.Hard mochi pieces can be cooked, deep-fried, boiled, and more. Cooked mochi is very sticky, so be careful not 45．________ (choke) on it.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在我国和日本受欢迎的传统食物——年糕。36．specially 考查副词。句意：年糕是一种在我国和日本很流行的传统食物，由经过特殊处理的大米制成。此处要用副词修饰形容词treated。故填specially。37．putting 考查非谓语动词。句意：年糕是将糯米放入水中过夜。by是介词，意为“通过”，后接动词的ing形式。故填putting。38．which 考查定语从句。句意：这种糊状物的形状从简单的圆形到复杂的圆形，有些是甜馅的。此处是定语从句，指代上文的paste，在从句中作介词宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。39．flowers 考查名词的数。句意：年糕通常用鲜花或水果装饰。根据“or fruits”可知，此处用复数名词。故填flowers。40．a 考查冠词。句意：……中尤其是在生日和新年等庆祝活动中作为礼物交换时。根据“as 40．______ gift”可知，gift意为“礼物”，可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。41．are used 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：传统上，木臼和杵是用来捣糯米的。主语是“wooden mortars(臼) and pestles(杵)”，谓语动词用复数形式，又因为主语与动词use是被动关系，且时态是一般现在时，所以此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故填are used。42．with 考查介词。句意：新鲜的年糕通常是煮熟的，并与各种酱料一起热着吃。介词with表示“与……一起”。故填with。43．hardens 考查词型转换及动词时态。句意：新鲜的年糕很软，但会很快变硬。主语是it，是第三人称单数，指“Fresh mochi”，时态是一般现在时。故填hardens。44．better 考查形容词比较级。句意：年糕很容易变坏，所以与其把它存放在冰箱里，不如现煮现吃。根据than可知，此处应用比较级，又因为跟在系动词后，应填形容词。故填better。45．to choke 考查非谓语动词。句意：煮熟的年糕很黏，所以要小心别噎着了。be careful to do sth. 意为“小心做某事”，是固定搭配，此处用动词不定式。故填to choke。第三部分 写作(共两节， 满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) (2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷)假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语。你认为这样分组存在问题，请你给外教写一封邮件。内容包括： 1．说明问题； 2．提出建议。注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Ryan， I’m Li Hua from Class30. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua One possible version： Dear Ryan， I’m Li Hua from Class3． I think it’s not a good idea to pair up students randomly for the spoken English training after class. The reasons are as follows.To begin with, pairing up students randomly may lead to unbalanced language abilities within the groups. This can hinder the progress of students as the more advanced one may dominate the conversation, leaving little room for the other students to improve. Besides, students may feel uncomfortable or less motivated if paired with someone who they don’t get along with or have difficulty communicating with.My suggestion is to group students based on their language abilities or to let students choose their own partners. This way, everyone can feel more comfortable practicing and improving their spoken English together.Thank you for considering my suggestion. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。(2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷)When I was in middle school，my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest. I said no without thinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil，so English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play，where I played all the parts. No one laughed harder than he did.So，why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I love your stories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this. ” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.I chose Paul Revere’s horse as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith(银匠) in Boston who rode a horse at night on April 18，1775 to Lexington to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea，but funny，and unlikely to be anyone else’s choice.What did the horse think, as he sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to quit? I sympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit. But，like Revere’s horse，I kept going. I worked hard. I checked my spelling. I asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half dozen books on Paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.When I handed in the essay to my teacher，he read it，laughed out loud，and said，“Great. Now，write it again. ” I wrote it again，and again and again. When I finally finished it，the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t win, I wouldn’t care.注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news. ________________ ____________________________________________________________________ One possible version： A few weeks later, when I almost forgot the contest, there came the news. I was informed that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. I was so happy to hear the news that I immediately shared it with my teacher. “I knew you’d win! I am proud of you. You made it！” he said excitedly. Then came the big day. When I was invited to the stage to receive the award, I expressed my thanks to my teacher. I said, “It’s you who make me fall in love with writing, my social studies teacher. Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn’t have written this article. Again thank you very much！” I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. ________________________ ____________________________________________________________ One possible version： I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation. My teacher was waiting for me. Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep writing. ” “You know I didn’t like writing before, but now I am crazy about it! I will try my best to create good works. ” I said seriously. Since then, I have written many good works and now I am a famous writer. I owe my success to my social teacher who is a beacon in my life on the road to writing.
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