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    备考中考英语专题复习 短文填空题解题技巧

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    这是一份备考中考英语专题复习 短文填空题解题技巧,共19页。试卷主要包含了5分,占整份英语试题分值的12,核对答案, He 81等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一,它的分值是15分,分为10个小题,每小题1.5分,占整份英语试题分值的12.5%(15/120)。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空(一般一行或一句一个空,首句不设空),要求学生通读短文,并根据上下文来补全短文,每空只能填一个单词(不能填数字)。主要考九大词类(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词)。
    该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力,看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流,从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识,又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目,我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词,300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法,也包括各种词的词形变化。此处重点介绍在短文填空中常考的名词和动词的词形变化。
    解题步骤
    1.略读全文,掌握大意。
    短文填空与完形填空一样,属于障碍性阅读,但它的难度比完形填空还要高,因为完形填空有四个备选答案,而短文填空没有提供备选答案,要求考生既能想得到答案,还要写得对单词。所以在解题时,先略读全文,对全文有个大概了解。
    2.运用所学知识和技巧,逐项填空,先易后难。
    在读完一遍之后,对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧,根据文章的大意,逐个填空。易的先填,难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。
    3.核对答案。
    全部题目完成后,再复读一遍,核查答案。(1)检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。(2)检查名词要注意单复数。(3)检查形容词和副词的三个级别。(4)检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。(5)检查上下文的连贯性,以及所填词是否符合逻辑。
    方法技巧
    技巧一:.寻“宝”推理法
    与完形填空的寻“宝”推理法一样,就是在从上下文中找到相关的“宝”(信息点),通过逻辑推理,从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如:
    【典例】 It was a fine day last Sunday. Jhn went t Tianlng supermarket t d sme (1) alne. Because it was a little far away frm his hme, he (2) his car there. Sn he gt there and fund rm fr his car. He parked his car and went int the (3) t buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later, he finished shpping. He was very happy he culd (4) shpping in less than half an hur. At last he tk the things slwly back t the car park. What a gd day he had!
    【分析】:
    (1)A. 上下寻宝:从下文(倒数第二行)可寻到“宝”:“he culd finish shpping in less...”。
    B. 判定答案:把“宝”代入句子中,意思完整,故确定答案填shpping。
    C. 检查复核:shpping此处是不可数名词,不用+s。
    (2)A. 上下寻宝:从下文(本空的后一句)可寻到“宝”:“Sn he gt …fr his car”。B. 判定答案:经过逻辑推理,只有开车去超市,才要找停车位,故确定答案填drive。C. 检查复核:drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时,所以本空也要用过去时“drve”。
    (3)A. 上下寻宝:从上文(第一行第二句)可寻到“宝”:“Tianlng supermarket”。B. 判定答案: 把“宝”代入句子中,意思完整,故确定答案填supermarket。C. 检查复核:supermarket此处是可数名词,但此处没有复数的概念,不用+s。
    技巧二:. 搭配法
    根据短语,句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如:
    【典例】 With the envirnment becming wrse and wrse, mre and mre peple realize the imprtance f prtecting the envirnment. But there are still sme peple paying less (1) t it. They are still ding smething harmful t the envirnment.Last Sunday I went t the Plant Garden t enjy (2) . When I stepped int the gate f the garden, I felt cmfrtable at first because I culd breathe the fresh air and enjy the beautiful flwers and trees.
    But t my (3) , I saw a man lying in a sleep net hanging (4) tw trees. I thught this kind f behavir wuld hurt the trees. Hw culd he make mney by hurting the trees like this? Withut trees, hw culd we get the fresh air? I dn’t knw hw t express my anger. I think (5) is ur duty t prtect the envirnment. S smething must be dne t stp this kind f behavir.
    【分析】:
    (1)A. 寻找搭配:从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配:“pay attentin t”。B. 判定答案:由搭配可知,此处填attentin一词。C. 检查复核:attentin代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且attentin是不可数名词,不用+s。
    (2)A. 寻找搭配:从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配:“enjy neself”。B. 判定答案:由搭配可知,此处缺了neself一词。前面是I,所以此处填myself。C. 检查复核:myself代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且myself没有词形变化。
    技巧三:.前后关系判断法
    根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填词的方法。
    【典例】:At ur schl, we smetimes have a special day t help thers. We call the day “Vlunteer Day”. On that day, we ften g t the ld peple’s hme (1) help them d the husewrk. The ld peple were very happy (2) every year we rganize this kind f activities several times. (3) we dn’t d much fr them, they were thankful t us. They were lnely, they needed peple t visit them ften and chatted with them. (4) every ne can d smething fr the lnely ld peple, they will be happier.
    【分析】:
    A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we ften g tthe ld peple’s hme”。第二部分 “help them d the husewrk”.B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案: 两部分之间是并列关系,要填and;或者第二部分 “help themd the husewrk”是“we ften g t the ldpeple’s hme”的目的。要填t。C. 检查复核:and或t代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and 或t。
    (2)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“the ld peple
    were very happy”。第二部分 “every year we rganize this kind f activities several times”.根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部分之间是因果关系,此处要填表原因的词because。C. 检查复核:because代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。
    (3)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we dn’t d
    much fr them”。第二部分 “they were thankful t us”.B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:虽然我们为他们做的不多,但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系,故要填Thugh. C. 检查复核:Thugh代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Thugh。
    (4)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“every ne can
    d smething fr the lnely ld peple”。第二部分 “they will be happier”.B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案: 如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情,他们就会更高兴。所以两部分之间是条件关系,要填If。C. 检查复核:If代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。
    【强化练习】
    【1】
    (2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) (D)
    阅读短文,根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空,使短文语意通顺。(每小题1分,共10分)
    We can’t remember (61) _______ (clear) since when we started t take ur mbile phnes t a dinner table. This happens a lt, especially when we eat ut. Once (62) d______ cme, we take ut ur mbile phnes and take phts (63) i_________ f lifting ur chpsticks. Later, we pst the phts nt Web r Wechat, (64) ________ (wait) t be “liked”. Then we checked ur mbile phnes frm time t time during the meal, t see (65) w________ we get “liked” r nt. We just cannt leave ur mbile phnes fr simply a meal.
    Des that sund familiar t yu? D yu d that ften? If nt, hw d yu feel when thers d that when having dinner with yu?
    A recent study (66) ________ (suggest) that what we are used t ding is nt that gd. Spending time taking phts f fd makes the fd less pleasant. S, (67) w ________ nt stp taking phts and just enjy the fd ahead f yu?
    Besides the (68) ________ (science) result, there are als sme ther bad influences f taking phts f fd befre meals. After psting the phts nt the Internet, ne will be unable t cntrl himself and check his mbile phne many times. “Des everyne accept my phts? I hpe a lt f peple like them!” It seems like yur mbile phne secretly class yur name all the time, even when yu are (69) w_______ real peple.
    S, next time yu g ut t have dinner, hw abut nt taking phts f fd? Let the fd be delicius as it is and share yur life with thers. Trust me, and it will be a (70) ________ (wnder) time.
    【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文中例举了当前的一种普遍现象,人们在餐桌旁不是马上就餐,不是和朋友聊聊天,而是首先拿起手机拍照发微博或微信,然后做起了“低头党”,作者认为这样严重影响就餐并建议就餐时停止拍照玩手机,而是单纯的享受美食。
    61. 【答案】clearly remember为行为动词,后用副词修饰,故把形容词clear改为副词clearly。
    62. 【答案】dishes 由句意,一旦菜上上来了,人们开始取出手机拍照,故填dishes。
    63. 【答案】instead instead f意为“代替;而不是”,即人们开始取出手机拍照而不是拿起筷子。
    64. 【答案】waiting 由上下文,发完微博或微信后,等着被“点赞”,等待的动作之伴随而进行的,故填现在分词。
    65. 【答案】whether 由句末r nt可知此处应该填whether, 意为“…去看是否被点赞…”.
    66. 【答案】suggests A recent study为单数,故动词suggest用三单式。
    67. 【答案】why Why nt+动词原形?意为“为什么不….?” 常用于提建议。
    68.【答案】 scientific 此处需用形容词修饰名词result,故把名词science改为形容词scientific。
    69.【答案】 with be with意为“和….在一起”。
    70.【答案】 wnderful / mre wnderful 由句意:相信我,那将是一段难忘(更难忘)的时光。
    【2】
    (2018·湖北黄冈) 综合填空(共10小题;每小题1分, 满分10分)
    阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。( 提示: 每空不超过三个单词)
    Each different part f China has its wn special frms f traditinal art. These usually try t shw the things 70 are imprtant in life, such as lve, beauty and family. The mst cmmn things, frm paper t clay t bamb, are turned int bjects f beauty.
    Accrding t Chinese histry, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kngming. He sent them ut _ 71 ( ask) fr help when in truble. Tday, sky lanterns are used at festivals and thercelebratins. They _ 72 ( make) f bamb and cvered with paper. When the lanterns are lit, they slwly rise int the air like small ht-air bllns fr all t see. They are seen as bright symbl f 73 ( happy) and gd wishes.
    Paper cutting 74 (be) arund fr ver 1500 years. Paper cuting sunds very easy _75 it can be difficult t d. The paper, usually red, is flded befre it is cut with scissrs. The mst cmmn pictures are flwers, animals, and things abut Chinese histry. During the Spring Festival, they are put n windws, drs and walls 76 symbls f wishes fr gd luck and a happy new year.
    Chinese clay art is famus because the clay pieces are s small but they lk very real. The pieces are usually cute children r lively characters frm a Chinese fairy tale r histrical stry. The pieces are _ 77 ( careful) shaped by hand frm a very special kind f clay and then allwed t air-dry. Afer 78 ( dry), they are fired at a very high heat. They are then plished and painted. It takes several weeks 79 ( cmplete) everything. These small pieces f clay art shw the lve that all Chinese peple have fr life and beauty.
    【主旨大意】
    本文是一篇说明文,它介绍了中国传统文化中具有代表性的孔明灯、剪纸和泥塑等文化艺术。通过对传统中国文化元素的介绍,了解与中国传统文化艺术有关的风俗习惯和文化背景。
    70. 【答案】that/ which 考查定语从句引导词。“These usually try t shw the things 70 are imprtant in life, such as lve, beauty and family.”意为“这些艺术形式通常尽力展示生活中重要的东西,例如爱、美和家庭。”由句意推知空格后是一个定语从句修饰前面的things,定语从句中修饰事物的引导词用that或which。
    71.【答案】 t ask 考查非谓语动词。“He sent them ut 71 ( ask) fr help when in truble.”意为“当处于困境时,他就放出孔明灯求救。”ask与前面具有目的关系,英语中用动词不定式作目的状语。
    72. 【答案】are made 考查一般现在时态的被动语态。“They 72 ( make) f bamb and cvered with paper.”意为“它们是用竹子做的,外面用纸包裹着。”,make和they具有被动关系,且根据前面判断句子使用一般现在时态,故填are made。
    73. 【答案】happiness 考查名词。“They are seen as bright symbl f 73 ( happy) and gd wishes.”意为“它们被看做是幸福和美好祝愿的象征。”空格处单词与wishes具有并列关系,wishes在此是名词,故填happiness。
    74. 【答案】has been 考查动词时态。“Paper cutting 74 ( be) arund fr ver 1500 years.”中的fr ver 1500 years判断句子是现在完成时态。
    75.【答案】 but 考查连词。“Paper cuting sunds very easy 75 it can be difficult t d.”空格前意为“剪纸听起来很容易”,空格后意为“可能很难做。”前后发生意义转折,故填but。
    76.【答案】 as 考查介词。“During the Spring Festival, they are put n windws, drs and walls 76 symbls f wishes fr gd luck and a happy new year.”意为“在春节期间,人们把它们贴在窗户上、门上和墙上,作为祈求好运和新年快乐的象征。”as表示“作为”之意。
    77.【答案】 carefully 考查副词。“The pieces are 77 ( careful) shaped by hand frm a very special kind f clay and then allwed t air-dry.”意为“这些作品通过手工,用一种非常特殊的陶土精心塑形,然后再自然晾干。”空格处单词修饰动词shape,在英语中修饰动词用副词形式,故填carefully。
    78.【答案】 dying 考查介词用法。“After 78 (dry), they are fired at a very high heat.”意为“干了之后,再用高温烧制。”在该句中after是介词,介词后面的动词用其-ing形式,故填dying。
    79.【答案】 t cmplete 考查固定句型。“It takes several weeks 79 ( cmplete) everything.”意为“完成这一切要花费几周的时间。”take作为“花费”之意,常用于It takes +时间段+t d sth.句型。故填t cmplete。
    【3】
    阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)(2018·湖北荆门)
    Reading is imprtant in ur daily life. But have yu ever thught what we read 56 ,infrmatin r skills? Hw d we feel when we read, excited r upset? We read wrd by wrd alud and think abut them. Is that enugh? I think reading is mre than 57 (prnunce)r thinking abut wrds.
    58 (recent)The Read, a very ppular TV prgram, is staged(_上演)in the frm f reading. It’s a 59 (natin) reading prgram. Dng Qing wrks 60 bth a hstess and a prducer. The Reader hpes t tell us 61 the wrld is like and it takes us t see the beautiful wrld by reading. The shw has invited sme influential(有影响力的) guests wh have rich experiences and tuching stries, like Ni Ping, Wang Yuan frm TFbys and Ya Chen.
    “Reading tuches peple’s hearts” is the slg(口号)f The reader, What it wants 62 (shw) isn’t reading skills but real feelings. They are what tuches the audience(观众)mst. "I
    have lng thught abut wrking n a prgram related t(与……有关) the human spirit, s far The Reader 63 (becme) a turning pint in my career in hsting and the prgram has bught me quite a huge challenge. "said Dng.
    The Reader is f great 64 (imprtant) t the audience and Chinese culture. It als tells us if we understand what we are reading, we will knw what reading really is and well becme better 65 .
    【答案】56.fr 57.prnuncing 58 Recently 59. natinal 60.As
    61.what 62.t shw 63. has becme 64.imprtance 65. readers
    【4】
    (2018福建A卷) Ⅶ. 短文填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
    阅读下面的短文,根据语境、音标或单词的提示,在每个空格处填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
    Lnnie Jhnsn always taking things apart(分开). He 81.______ /ˈsʌmtaɪmz/ put them back tgether. Other times he made new things frm different 82.________ (part). He learned hw t use tls frm his dad.
    At 13, Lnnie put an ld engine(发动机) n a hmemade g-cart. He lved driving it arund. He dreamed f 83._______ inventr. By high schl, Lnnie built a remte-cntrl rbt frm sme waste things. This wn him first prize at the Alabama State Science Fair. His friends called 84.________ “The Little Scientist.” In cllege, Lnnie was an excellent student. After that, he 85._______ (becme) an Air Frce fficer, rcket scientist and business leader. 86._________ he never stpped inventing. Yu may have played with his mst famus inventin — the Super Saker, a kind f water gun. Lnnie gt the idea fr this 87.________ /tɔɪ/ while wrking n anther inventin. When he tested a hmemade part in his bathrm, it sht water 88._________ /əˈkrɒs/ the rm.
    Tday, Dr. Lnnie Jhnsn has mre than 100 89._________ (use) inventins. Hwever, he still keeps 90.________ (try) new things.
    【短文大意】本文是记叙文。文章是关于朗尼·约翰逊的一篇人物传记。朗尼·约翰逊是一位发明家,从小他的动手能力就很强,且对事物充满了好奇心。到目前为止,他有上百个有用的发明。
    81. 【答案】smetimes 考查副词的用法。句意:他有时会把他们放回去。根据音标及句意可知答案应为smetimes(有时)。故填smetimes。
    82.【答案】 parts 考查名称单复数的用法。句意:其他时候,他用不同的零件做出新的东西。由空格前different可知此处使用名词的复数形式。故填parts。
    83.【答案】 an 考查冠词的用法。句意:他梦想成为一名发明家。inventr首字母为元音,因此其前应使用不定冠词an。故填an。
    84.【答案】 him考查人称代词的用法。句意:他的朋友都称他为“小发明家”。朗尼是一个男孩子,此处call后面接人称代词宾格。故填him。
    85.【答案】 became考查动词时态的用法。句意:在那之后,他成为了一名空军官员、火箭科学家和商业领袖。根据文章可知,此处讲述的是过去的事情,应用过去时态。故填became。
    86.【答案】 But 考查连词的用法。句意:但是他从没有停止过发明。根据句意可知上下文之间有转折关系,即使他已经很有成就了,但是他依然没有放弃发明东西。故填But。
    87.【答案】 ty 考查名词的用法。句意:朗尼在做另一项发明的时候想到了这个玩具。根据句意及音标可知答案。故填ty。
    88.【答案】 acrss 考查介词的用法。句意:当他在浴室里测试一个自制的零件时, 它射出了水横穿房间。根据句意及音标可知答案。故填acrss。
    89.【答案】 useful 考查形容词的用法。句意:今天,朗尼约翰逊博士有上百个有用的发明。修饰名词inventins应使用形容词。故填useful。
    90.【答案】 trying考查固定短语的用法。句意:然而,他仍然在尝试新事物。keep ding为固定短语,意为“继续做某事,一直做某事”。故填trying。
    【5】
    (2018·广东深圳)语法填空。(10 分)
    阅读下面短文,按照句子结构或上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(共10小题,每小题1分)
    Recently, a freign student in China gave a very tuching answer t the questin: What shuld China be prud f? It was 46. (wide) spread nline.Emma is frm Canada. She came t China fur years ag. Nw she is 47. University student in Ningb. The fllwing is China in her eyes.“48. (find) a jb in China can be really simple. There are mre jb 49. (chance) here than any ther cuntry in the wrld." “Its public security is great. I 50. (travel) many cuntries s far, and I think China is really safe.'“Abut 400 millin Chinese are studying English. China has becme the cuntry 51. has the greatest number f English speakers in nn- English speaking cuntries." “The speed f Chinese trains is high. On my 52. (three) visit t my friend in Beijing. I tk a train there. Frm Ningb 53. Beijing. The train runs 1,365 kilmeters fr nly seven hurs."“I think there 54. (be) many mre things China shuld be prud f. I believe China must be much 55. (gd) than ther cuntries."
    46.【答案】widely 考查形容词副词之间的转换。此处widely修饰动词spread。意思是:它被广泛传播。
    47.【答案】 a 考查不定冠词。university的第一个音标/j/ 是辅音。所以用冠词a.
    48.【答案】Finding 考查非谓语动词。Finding a jb in China 做 can be 的主语,动词不能作主语,需转换成动名词作主语。
    49.【答案】 chances 考查名词复数。There are 后用名词复数,此处意思是:有许多工作机会。
    50.【答案】 have traveled 考查时态。根据语境以及句末的“s far” 确定这儿用现在完成时态。
    51.【答案】 that/which 考查定语从句中的关系代词。当主句中的先行词是物的时候,定语从句中的关系代词可以用that,也可以用which。
    52.【答案】 third 考查数词。根据句意: “在我第三次去拜访北京的朋友时…”由此推断用序数词“第三---third”。
    53.【答案】 t 考查介词短语。“从 …到…”的英语表达是 “frm…t…”.
    54.【答案】 will be 【解析】考查时态. 根据语境句意推断,此处应用将来时态, there be 句型的将来时态是: There will be …
    55.【答案】 better 【解析】考查形容词比较级. 根据句意及空前的much和空之后的than,可以推断此处用比较级。
    【6】
    (2018·湖北荆州) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空(1-3个单词)或根据音标填词。
    Wrld famus scientist Stephen Hawking(霍金) died 61 the age f seventy-six in his hme in Cambridge, England n March 14. British Prime Minister Theresa May said Hawking was ne f 62 (great) scientists f his time. She als said, " His achievements will nt 63 (frget).
    Hawking was ne f the mst respected scientists in the mdern histry f 64 ['fɪzɪks] . Because f an uncmmn disease(疾病), he was kept t a wheelchair. 65 , the disease did nt stp Hawking frm studying. He used every new day that life ffered 66 (cntinue) his research f the universe(宇宙). He said, “Where there is life, there is hpe.” He develped 67 way f thinking abut prblems in his mind t reach a slutin.
    This way f thinking has led t his imprtant discveries. He was 68 (ne) persn t present the idea f sme special energy in the universe. At the same time, Hawking tried t explain many f these difficult 69 (science) ideas t mre peple. He 70 ( write) several ppular science bks, including the bestseller A Brief Histry f Time which made him a huse hld(家喻户晓的) name.
    Stephen Hawking spent his whle life understanding the universe. He is, n dubt, a legendary(传奇的)scientist f all time.
    【主旨大意】本文讲述了科学家霍金去世以及他的科学成就。
    61.【答案】 at 固定搭配at the age f意为“在……岁的时候”。
    62.【答案】 greatest 由ne f可知此处用great的最高级。
    63.【答案】 be frgtten 句意:他的科学成就将不会被忘记。根据句意可知用被动语态。
    64.【答案】 physics 根据音标和句意可知“霍金在现代物理史上最受尊敬的科学家之一”。
    65.【答案】 Hwever 根据上下文可知表示转折,故填hwever。
    66.【答案】 t cntinue 动词不定式作目的状语。
    67.【答案】 a 表示“一种方法”用不定冠词a。
    68.【答案】 first 句意:他是第一个发现宇宙一些特殊能量的第一人。
    69.【答案】 scientific句意:形容词修饰名词ideas。scientific意为“科学的”。
    70.【答案】 has written 句意:他已经写了几本科学方面的书。
    【7】
    (2018·浙江台州)语法填空(本题有10小题,每小题1分, 共计10分)
    At the end f the term, ur ethics (伦理学) prfessr gave us a test. He had tld us 61 (expect) ne and had warned us it wuld be included in the final grade.
    The test began. Sure enugh, I was 62 cnfident that I finished all the questins after frty 63 (minute) except the very last ne: What is the name f the wman wh cleans the lecture hall?
    I thught it was 64 jke. I'd seen the wman many times. She'd been wrking in the building fr at least a year. She is shrt 65 dark hair, in her fifties, and we’d even smiled at each ther nce r twice. But I didn't knw 66 (she) name because I’d never thught t ask her. I handed in my test and the last questin 67 (leave) unanswered—hping the final result wuldn’t be influenced t 68 ( bad) because f it. But then ne student put up his hand. He hadn’t finished the test, 69 I’m just wndering," he said. "Will it really change my grade if I dn’t cmplete that ast questin?”
    “Certainly,” ur prfessr 70 (smile). “In yur future jbs,…”
    I've never frgtten that lessn. I als learned that the cleaner's name was Sherry.
    【主旨大意】
    本文是一篇记叙文。在学期结束时的一次伦理学测试中,作者答得很好。但最后一道题是:学校演讲大厅的清洁工妇女叫什么名字? 作者羞愧于对身边的人熟视无睹,得到一次终生难忘的教训。
    61.【答案】 t expect 短语tell sb. t d sth.告诉某人做某事,此处是指伦理学教授告诉我们要期待一场考试。
    62.【答案】 s 短语s + adj. + that从句,意为“如此……以至于……”,此处是指作者信心满满地完成了测试。
    63.【答案】 minutes minute是可数名词,40分钟要表达为:frty minutes。
    64.【答案】 a a jke一个玩笑,此处是指作者以为那是个玩笑。
    65. 【答案】with 介词with意为“带有,留着”。
    66.【答案】 her 在动词knw之后要使用人称代词she的宾格her。
    67.【答案】 was left 此处指最后一个问题作者没有回答,那个问题被留在那儿了,因此使用被动语态。
    68.【答案】 badly 这里使用副词badly修饰前面的动词influence。
    69.【答案】 either 句意:他没有完成那场测试,或者我只是感到疑惑。此处是指其中一个学生举起了手,他可能是没完成测试或有什么疑惑。
    70. 【答案】smiled 因为这是谈论过去发生的事,因此要使一般过去时,故填smiled。
    【8】
    (2018·湖南娄底)语法填空 (共10小题: 每小题1分,计10分)
    阅读下面的材料,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号内所给单词的正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。
    Lily was a single mther wh lived with her little sn. She lst her jb tw years ag and they lived 56.______ very hard life. Her heart was 57.______ (break) every time her sn asked, “Can I have sme mre bread, Mmmy?”
    One day, 58.______ her sn asked the same questin again, she bught sme fd with her nly 5 dllars and cked a big meal fr him at hme. Lily was a shy mther, but she was strng-minded. She used t lve writing, s she decided 59.______ (write) sme articles fr magazines t make mney.
    Things went 60._____ (well) than befre. Thanks t sme free 6l._____ (vegetable) prvided by the lcal fd bank, her sn had mre t eat. Once he tld Lily that the dishes she made 62._____ (be) very delicius. Suddenly, an idea came t Lily's mind, "63._____ nt share my recipes(食谱)n the Internet?" She did s. Many peple liked her recipes and she became ppular。
    Sn after that, Lily wrte a bk n 64. ______ (ck) and gt much mney frm it. Finally, she had a gd sleep fr the 65._____(ne) night during the tw years. Nw Lily lives happily, but she’ll never frget the days when she wrked hard fr a gd life.
    【主旨大意】
    本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Lily作为一名单亲母亲在两年前失业后带着儿子艰难生活的情景。这位母亲很腼腆,但内心很强大。为了改善生活,让儿子吃饱,她决定用自己擅于写作的专长给杂志写文章赚钱。后来在儿子称赞她做的饭好吃时她突然萌生了在网上分享她的食谱的点子,收到人们的追捧。很快他写了一本烹饪书,挣到了钱。尽管现在他们生活幸福,但她永远不会忘记他们追求美好生活的那些日子。
    56.【答案】 a 该句意为“两年前她失业了,和儿子过着艰难的生活”。have a hard life“过着艰难的生活”。
    57【答案】. brken该句意为“每次她儿子问,她心碎了。”be brken意为“破碎的”。
    58.【答案】 when用when引导时间状语从句,符合句意“有一天,当她儿子再次问相同问题的时候……”。
    59.【答案】 t write decide后接不定式作宾语。
    60.【答案】 better 句中than提示用比较级。
    61.【答案】 vegetables 可数名词复数表示一类。
    62.【答案】 were 句中nce推知该句用一般过去时,主语是dishes,故用were。
    63.【答案】 Why 构成Why 句型,用于提出建议,意为“为什么不……呢?”,符合句意“何不在网上分享我的食谱呢?”
    64.【答案】 cking 介词n后动词用-ing形式。
    65.【答案】 first 定冠词the和序数词连用,该句意为“两年来她第一次睡了一个好觉。”
    【9】
    (2018·湖南怀化)第一节 综合填空 阅读下面材料, 用不多于1个单词的正确形式填空。(共5小题,每小题1分,满分5分)
    The Himalayas is ne f the mst ppular places fr muntain climbing. Why d s many climbers risk their____61____(life)? One f the reasns is that peple want t challenge themselves in the face____62__difficulties. The spirit f these climbers shws _____63___(we) that we shuld never give up ____64__(try) t achieve ur dreams. It als shws that humans can smetimes be___65__(strng) than the frces f danger.
    61_____________ 62____________63_____________64_______________65_____________
    【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了登上爱好者为何选择喜马拉雅山作为攀爬对象的原因:一是面对困难挑战自己;二是不放弃追求梦想。
    61【答案】.lives【解析】句意:为何如此多的攀登者冒他们的_______?risk ne’s life/lives意为“冒着某人的生命危险”,是固定词组。由空前their可知此处名词life需用复数形式。故填lives。
    62.【答案】f【解析】句意:原因之一就是在面临_______困难,人们想去挑战他们自己。in the face f...意为“面对”,是固定词组。故填f。
    63.【答案】us【解析】句意:这些攀登者的精神展示个_______不应该。shw展示,后跟人称时需用宾格形式。故填us。
    64.【答案】trying【解析】句意:放弃_______去实现梦想。give up放弃,后跟动词时,该动词需用动名词形式。故填trying。
    65.【答案】strnger【解析】句意:它也展示出人类比危险的力量更_______。由空后than及所给词汇strng形容词,“强大的”可知此处需用strng的比较级形式strnger。故填strnger。
    【10】
    (2018•湖北宜昌)综合填空:根据所给首字母、上下文或汉语提示完成空格中所缺单词,使短文完整通顺,语法正确、每空只能填一词。
    A few years ag, I was eating dinner with my children befre we went t a museum. We were talking 56 (愉快地) when a man walked up t me and asked if I had a 57 dllars t give him. I replied that I didn’t even have ne cin n me. Of curse, my kids std up and said: “Yes, yu d, mmmy.” I was a little embarrassed because I felt as if they 58 (抓住) me nt telling the truth. Nrmally, I dn’t carry lts f mney in my 59 . Instead, I pay with my bank card everywhere I g.
    S I tld the man I culd u 60 my bank card t buy him smething t eat. His disappinting 61 (表情) quickly changed int a smile. Then I went t get him sme kinds f fd. He thanked me when I h 62 him a bag f fd. After he left, I had a talk 63 my children: “Usually, I dn’t always like giving mney t everyne wh asks fr it. H 64 , I am nt against meeting the needs f thers as 65 as I have it.” I felt gd knwing that the man had a nice meal that evening.
    【主旨大意】
    本文是一篇记叙文。作者和孩子们一起在外就餐时,遇到一个乞讨者。作者不想给乞讨者一些钱,所以撒谎说,自己身上没有一个硬币。但是她儿子立刻说“妈妈没有说实话”。……最后,作者给乞讨者用银行卡买了一些食物。
    56.【答案】 happily/ pleasantly/ jyfully句意:当乞讨者走向我时,我和孩子们正在快乐地谈着话。由句意及汉语提示考虑填happy/pleasant/jyful;分析句子结构知,这里用副词修饰动词talking。故填happily/pleasantly/jyfully。
    57.【答案】 few句意:乞讨者问我能不能给他几美元。空前面有不定冠词a;空后 dllars为可数名词复数形式,应用a few来修饰。故填few。
    58.【答案】 caught句意:我感到非常尴尬,因为我感觉撒谎被他们抓住一样。根据句意考虑到单词catch;本文说的是过去发生的事情,本句应用一般过去时表达。故填caught。
    59.【答案】 wallet/pcket/bag句意:自然地,我包里(口袋里)不会带大量的现金。根据句意可填wallet/pcket/bag。
    60. 【答案】use句意:所以我告诉这个人(乞讨者),我可以用我的银行卡给他买点东西吃。根据句意及首字母提示考虑到单词use;culd后跟动词原形。故填use。
    61. 【答案】expressin(s) 句意:他面部表情迅速变成了微笑。根据句意及汉语提示知填expressin(s) 。
    62.【答案】 handed句意:当我递给他一包食物时,他感谢我。根据句意及首字母提示考虑到单词hand;本文说的是过去发生的事情,本句应用一般过去时表达。故填handed。
    63.【答案】 with/ t句意:在他离开后,他和孩子们聊天。have a talk with/t sb.意为“和某人聊天(谈话)。故填with/t。
    64.【答案】 Hwever 由上下文内容可知,“通常情况下,我不喜欢给别人钱。但是,在我有钱的情况下,我也会满足别人的需求”,且副词“然而”放在句首,又和主句用逗号隔开,且首字母为H。所以填Hwever。
    65.【答案】 lng句意:只要在我有钱的条件下,我也不反对……。且as lng as.意为“只要”。故填lng。
    【11】
    (2018·河北)词语运用(共10小题,每小题1分,计10分)根据短文内容及所给提示,在文中的空白处填写一个正确的单词。
    June 15, 2018
    This mrning I tk a bus t schl. The traffic was 71. __________ (busy) than usual and there were mre peple n the bus. At Xinhua Stp, I saw 72. __________ ld man get n the bus. He lked very weak. I std 73. __________ and gave my seat t him. He thanked me and asked me abut my name and my schl. We talked 74. ___________ (happy).
    Later in the 75. ___________ (three) class, Mr. Du came in and asked me t g t the frnt. I didn’t knw 76. w__________, s I was a little afraid. Everyne was lking at me. Then he tld 77. __________ (they) what I did n the bus this mrning. He 78. __________ (knw) it because he gt a phne call frm the ld man. Mr. Du said I culd be a gd example t my 79. _________ (classmate). It was really a gd day 80. f___________ me! I was s prud!
    【主旨大意】
    本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个学生在公交车上让座的故事。后来,老师知道了此事,并将这位学生作为典型教育其他同学,这位同学感到非常自豪。
    71.【答案】 busier 考查形容词比较级。句意:交通比平时繁忙。than前用形容词或副词比较级。故填busier。
    72.【答案】 an 考查冠词。句意:我看到 一个老人上车。从句意知,这里泛指“公交车上一位老人”,且ld是以元音因素开头的单词,故填an。
    73.【答案】 up 考查动词短语搭配。句意:我站起来,把座位让给老人。stand up为固定短语,意为“站起来”。故填up。
    74.【答案】 happily 考查副词。句意:我们高兴地交谈。从句意知,“高兴”修饰动词talked,应用其副词形式。故填happily。
    75. 【答案】third 考查序数词。句意:后来在第三节课。从空后名词class为单数知,这里说的是“在第三节课”。故填third。
    76.【答案】 why 考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道为什么,所以我有点害怕。这里说的是原因,并从首字母知填why。
    77【答案】. them 考查宾格代词。句意:他告诉他们今天早上我在公交车上所做的事。tld为动词,动词后应用宾格代词作宾语。故填them。
    78. 【答案】knew 考查动词时态。句意:他知道这件事,是因为他接到老人的电话。本文说的就是过去发生的事情,因此本句应用一般过去时。故填knew。
    79. 【答案】classmates 考查名词单复数。句意:杜老师说对于我的同班同学们来说,我是个好榜样。这里说是“给所有同学树立了榜样”,因此用复数名词classmates。
    80. 【答案】fr 考查介词的用法。句意:对我来说,今天是美好的一天。“对……好”用介词fr。
    【12】
    (2018·甘肃天水)Ⅷ. 完型填空2(每空1分,共10分)
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Nwadays square dancing has been becming ppular. Sme public places are usually
    81 (crwd) with dancers, especially in the mrning and evening.
    We all agree that square dancing is a gd way t keep healthy, 82 fr the ld. 83 ,it is mney-saving. But it als causes nise 84 (pllute). Many peple suffer frm the nise 85 by the lud music. The can’t wrk, study 86 sleep well. They feel very angry and sme 87 argue with the dancers.
    In my pinin, the dancers shuld turn 88 the vlume while dancing. In additin, ur gvernment shuld build 89 (many) public places fr them, such as squares and parks. Peple can have fun dancing withut 90 (disturb) thers.
    【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。谈论的是作者对当今非常流行的广场舞的看法和认识。作者一方面认为广场舞有益于健身,同时指出它也造成了噪音污染,给周围的居民的工作、学习和生活造成不好的影响。最后作者提出来一些改进办法和处理措施。
    81.【答案】 crwded【解析】考查形容词。句意:一些公共场合通常都挤满了跳舞的人,特别是在早晨和傍晚。固定用法:be crwded with意为“挤满……”,故填形容词crwded,意为“挤满的”。
    82.【答案】 especially 【解析】考查副词的用法。句意:我们都同意这种观点,认为广场舞是一种保持身体健康的好方法,特别是对于老年人来说。分析语境可知,此处表示强调。故填especially,意为“特别地;尤其”。
    83.【答案】 besides 【解析】考查副词。句意:另外,它还能节省钱。这里表示广场舞的优点除了能让人健身之外,由于不需要支付场地费等,所以几乎不花钱。故用副词besides,意为“除了……之外还有;此外”。
    84.【答案】 pllutin 【解析】考查名词的用法。句意:但是广场舞却造成了噪音污染。给定词pllute为动词,“污染”。这里要用其名词形式pllutin作动词cause的宾语。
    85.【答案】 caused 【解析】考查动词的过去分词。句意:许多人遭受这种噪杂的音乐所造成的噪音的伤害。此处为过去分词作定语,表示被动。故填caused。
    86.【答案】 r 【解析】考查连词的用法。句意:他们不能很好地工作、学习和睡觉。在否定句中表示并列列举,用r不用and。故填r,意为“和;或者”。
    87.【答案】 even 【解析】考查副词的用法。句意:他们感到非常生气,有些人甚至于跳舞的人争论起来。故用副词even表示程度加深,意为“甚至”。
    88.【答案】 dwn 【解析】考查副词的用法。句意:在我看来,跳舞的人在他们跳舞时,应该把音乐的音量调低。turn dwn意为“调低声音”。
    89.【答案】 mre 【解析】考查形容词的用法。句意:另外,我们的政府部门应该为他们搭建更多的公共场合,比如广场和公园。根据句意可知要用给定形容词many的比较级mre,表示“(比原来)更多的公共娱乐场所”。故填mre。
    90.【答案】 disturbing【解析】考查动名词。句意:人们可以在不干扰其他人的前提下开心地跳舞。介词withut意为“没有”,后跟动名词作介词的宾语。故填disturbing,意为“打扰”。
    【13】
    (2018·山东济宁) 五、语法填空(共10小题,计10分)
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    A (2018·山东济宁)
    There were many peple n a bus. An ld man 1 (lk) here and there, He wanted
    t find 2 empty seat. Then he saw ne and went t it. A small bag was n the seat. And a
    yung man was beside it. “Is this seat empty?” asked the ld man.“N, it’s 3 an ld wman. She went t buy sme bananas,” said the yung man. “Well, let me sit here, please. I’ll leave here when she 4 (cme) back,” replied the ld man. After a few minutes, the bus started. “The ld wman 5 (nt cme), but her bag is here. Let me give her the bag.” Then the ld man threw the bag ut f the bus windw.
    The yung man jumped up and shuted, “Dn’t thrw! It’s my bag!”
    1. was lking 2. an 3. fr 4. cmes 5. hasn’t cme
    【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是在拥挤的公交车上,一个妇女不想让其他人坐在她旁边的座位上,就欺骗一个找座位的老人,说是那个座位已经有人占了。几分钟后,车启动了,老人就把年轻妇女说的占座用的提包,向汽车窗户外扔去,说谎的妇女想要制止,但是为时已晚。文章告诉我们:不要自欺欺人,有可能最后搬起石头,却砸了自己的脚。
    1.【答案】 was lking【解析】根据上文可知:公交车上乘客很多,故判断句意为:一个老人正在到处看,寻找座位。故要用过去进行时 was lking。
    2.【答案】 an【解析】句意:他想要找到一个空座位。这里表示泛指一个,empty的第一个音是元音音素,故其前要用不定冠词an表示一个。
    3.【答案】 fr【解析】联系下文“她去买香蕉去了”可知这里指:这个座位是为了一位老太太准备的。故用介词fr,意为“为了”。
    4.【答案】 cmes【解析】联系上句“请让我先坐在这儿”,可知句意为:当她回来的时候,我将会离开这儿。本句为连词when引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般将来时will leave,从句要用一般现在时表示将来,主语是第三人称单数she,故动词要用单数形式,故填cmes。
    5.【答案】 hasn’t cme【解析】句意:那个老太太还没有来,但是她的提包在这里。让我把包给她。根据句意可知这里要用现在完成时,表示对现在的影响和结果。故填hasn’t cme。
    【14】
    (2018·湖南衡阳)A)词汇运用。根据所给汉语或英文首字母写出短文中所缺英语单词。(共5小题,计5分)
    China is a great cuntry with abut 5,000 years f histry. There are many places f interest (46)w_______ attract millins f turists frm all ver the wrld every year.
    Many muntains, such as Munt Tai, Munt Emei, Munt Hua are very famus. Peple g t Munt Tai t see sunrise. (47) (在…之中) the rivers, the Yangtze River is the lngest ne and the secnd lngest ne is the Yellw River. They are the birthplaces f Chinese (48)c . Have yu ever heard f the lve stry abut Xu Xian and White Snake? It’s said that the stry happened n West Lake. The West Lake (49) (位于) in Hangzhu, Zhejiang Prvince. It’s surrunded n three sides by muntains. Many turist attractins there are well wrth visiting, such as Sudi Causeway, the Brken Bridge and Leifeng Pagda. The scenery is s attractive that (50)v ________ften lse themselves in it.
    本文是主要介绍了中国的一些名胜,如泰山、长江、黄河、西湖等。重点介绍了西湖之美。
    46.【答案】which考查定语从句。分析句子可知先行词places f interst指物,故定语从句的引导词用which。47.【答案】Amng amng指多者之间。
    48.【答案】culture culture意为“文化”。这里指中国文化的发源地。
    49.【答案】lies lie意为“位于”,由主语可知lie用第三人称单数形式。
    50.【答案】visitrs visitr意为“来访者”。这里指许多来访者沉浸在她的美之中。注意用复数形式。
    【15】
    (2018·湖南衡阳)B)综合填空。阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。(共10小题,计10分)
    We can’t remember clearly since we started t take ur mbiles t dinner table. This happens a lt, 51 (especial) when we eat ut. Once a dish cmes, 52 f lifting ur chpsticks, we take ut ur mbiles and click. Later, we pst the phts nt Weib r Wechat, waiting t be “liked.” Then we check ur mbiles frm time t time during the meal, t see whether we get “liked” 53 nt. We just cannt leave ur mbiles fr simply a meal.
    Des that sund familiar t yu? D yu d that ften? If 54 , hw d yu feel when thers d that when having dinner with yu?
    A recent study suggests that what we are used t 55 (d) is nt s gd. Spending time taking phts f fd makes the fd less pleasant. T test this, sme researchers did an experiment. Sme peple were 56 (ask) t take phts befre they culd enjy fd. As a 57 , it shwed that the 58 (many) phts they tk, the less delicius the fd 59 t them. S, why nt stp taking phts and just enjy the fd in frnt f yu?
    S, next time yu g ut t have dinner with yur family r friends, hw abut nt 60 (take) phts f fd? Let the fd be delicius as it is and share yur life with peple arund yu. Trust me, it will be a wnderful time.
    短文主要讲了吃饭玩手机现象。短文一开始列举现象,然后结合一个试验讲了吃饭玩手机的危害。文中最后提醒人们不要玩手机,要享用美餐。
    51.【答案】especially 考查副词。especially意为“尤其是”,作副词修饰句子。
    52.【答案】instead 考查固定短语。instead f意为“代替”,后接名词或动名词。这里指拿出手机而不是拿起筷子。
    53.【答案】r 考查固定搭配。whether…r nt意为“是否”。
    54.【答案】nt 考查固定搭配。if nt意为“如果不那样”。
    55.【答案】ding 考查be used t。其意思为“习惯于”,后接动名词。
    56.【答案】asked 考查被动语态。主语sme peple为动作的承受者,故用被动语态。
    57.【答案】result 考查固定搭配。as a result意为“结果是”。
    58.【答案】mre考查句型“The +比较级 +主语+谓语, the +比较级+主语+谓语。”其意思为“主语越······,就越······”。
    59.【答案】seemed seem意为“好像”。
    60.【答案】taking abut为介词,后接动词-ing。
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