初中英语短文填空题解题技巧+真题精讲
展开这是一份初中英语短文填空题解题技巧+真题精讲,共19页。试卷主要包含了5分,占整份英语试题分值的12,核对答案, He 81等内容,欢迎下载使用。
短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一,它的分值是15分,分为10个小题,每小题1.5分,占整份英语试题分值的12.5%(15/120)。短文填空一般在一篇200~250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空(一般一行或一句一个空,首句不设空),要求学生通读短文,并根据上下文来补全短文,每空只能填一个单词(不能填数字)。主要考九大词类(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词)。
该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力,看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流,从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识,又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目,我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词,300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法,也包括各种词的词形变化。此处重点介绍在短文填空中常考的名词和动词的词形变化。
解题步骤
1. 略读全文,掌握大意。
短文填空与完形填空一样,属于障碍性阅读,但它的难度比完形填空还要高,因为完形填空有四个备选答案,而短文填空没有提供备选答案,要求考生既能想得到答案,还要写得对单词。所以在解题时,先略读全文,对全文有个大概了解。
2.运用所学知识和技巧,逐项填空,先易后难。
在读完一遍之后,对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧,根据文章的大意,逐个填空。易的先填,难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。
3.核对答案。
全部题目完成后,再复读一遍,核查答案。
(1)检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。
(2)检查名词要注意单复数。
(3)检查形容词和副词的三个级别。
(4)检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。
(5)检查上下文的连贯性,以及所填词是否符合逻辑。
方法技巧
技巧一:寻“宝”推理法
与完形填空的寻“宝”推理法一样,就是在从上下文中找到相关的“宝”(信息点),通过逻辑推理,从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如:
【典例】 It was a fine day last Sunday. Jhn went t Tianlng supermarket t d sme (1) alne. Because it was a little far away frm his hme, he (2) his car there. Sn he gt there and fund rm fr his car. He parked his car and went int the (3) t buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later, he finished shpping. He was very happy he culd (4) shpping in less than half an hur. At last he tk the things slwly back t the car park. What a gd day he had!
【分析】:
(1)A. 上下寻宝:从下文(倒数第二行)可寻到“宝”:“he culd finish shpping in less...”。
B. 判定答案:把“宝”代入句子中,意思完整,故确定答案填shpping。
C. 检查复核:shpping此处是不可数名词,不用+s。
(2)A. 上下寻宝:从下文(本空的后一句)可寻到“宝”:“Sn he gt …fr his car”。
B. 判定答案:经过逻辑推理,只有开车去超市,才要找停车位,故确定答案填drive。
C. 检查复核:drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时,所以本空也要用过去时“drve”。
(3)A. 上下寻宝:从上文(第一行第二句)可寻到“宝”:“Tianlng supermarket”。
B. 判定答案: 把“宝”代入句子中,意思完整,故确定答案填supermarket。
C. 检查复核:supermarket此处是可数名词,但此处没有复数的概念,不用+s。
技巧二:.搭配法
根据短语,句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如:
【典例】 With the envirnment becming wrse and wrse, mre and mre peple realize the imprtance f prtecting the envirnment. But there are still sme peple paying less (1) t it. They are still ding smething harmful t the envirnment.Last Sunday I went t the Plant Garden t enjy (2) . When I stepped int the gate f the garden, I felt cmfrtable at first because I culd breathe the fresh air and enjy the beautiful flwers and trees.
But t my (3) , I saw a man lying in a sleep net hanging (4) tw trees. I thught this kind f behavir wuld hurt the trees. Hw culd he make mney by hurting the trees like this? Withut trees, hw culd we get the fresh air? I dn’t knw hw t express my anger. I think (5) is ur duty t prtect the envirnment. S smething must be dne t stp this kind f behavir.
【分析】:
(1)A. 寻找搭配:从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配:“pay attentin t”。
B. 判定答案:由搭配可知,此处填attentin一词。
C. 检查复核:attentin代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且attentin是不可数名词,不用+s。
(2)A. 寻找搭配:从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配:“enjy neself”。
B. 判定答案:由搭配可知,此处缺了neself一词。前面是I,所以此处填myself。
C. 检查复核:myself代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑,且myself没有词形变化。
技巧三:.前后关系判断法
根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填词的方法。
【典例】:At ur schl, we smetimes have a special day t help thers. We call the day “Vlunteer Day”. On that day, we ften g t the ld peple’s hme (1) help them d the husewrk. The ld peple were very happy (2) every year we rganize this kind f activities several times. (3) we dn’t d much fr them, they were thankful t us. They were lnely, they needed peple t visit them ften and chatted with them. (4) every ne can d smething fr the lnely ld peple, they will be happier.
【分析】:
(1)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we ften g tthe ld peple’s hme”。第二部分 “help them d the husewrk”.
B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案: 两部分之间是并列关系,要填and;或者第二部分 “help themd the husewrk”是“we ften g t the ldpeple’s hme”的目的。要填t。
C. 检查复核:and或t代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and 或t。
(2)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“the ld peple were very happy”。
B. 第二部分 “every year we rganize this kind f activities several times”.根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部分之间是因果关系,此处要填表原因的词because。
C. 检查复核:because代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。
(3)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we dn’t d much fr them”。
B. 第二部分 “they were thankful t us”.根据两部分之间关系,判定答案:虽然我们为他们做的不多,但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系,故要填Thugh.
C. 检查复核:Thugh代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Thugh。
(4)A. 分开关系部分或句子:从所填空句子意思,我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“every ne can d smething fr the lnely ld peple”。第二部分 “they will be happier”.
B. 根据两部分之间关系,判定答案: 如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情,他们就会更高兴。所以两部分之间是条件关系,要填If。
C. 检查复核:If代入后,意思通顺,符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。
强化练习
【1】
(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔) (D)
阅读短文,根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空,使短文语意通顺。(每小题1分,共10分)
We can’t remember (61) _______ (clear) since when we started t take ur mbile phnes t a dinner table. This happens a lt, especially when we eat ut. Once (62) d______ cme, we take ut ur mbile phnes and take phts (63) i_________ f lifting ur chpsticks. Later, we pst the phts nt Web r Wechat, (64) ________ (wait) t be “liked”. Then we checked ur mbile phnes frm time t time during the meal, t see (65) w________ we get “liked” r nt. We just cannt leave ur mbile phnes fr simply a meal.
Des that sund familiar t yu? D yu d that ften? If nt, hw d yu feel when thers d that when having dinner with yu?
A recent study (66) ________ (suggest) that what we are used t ding is nt that gd. Spending time taking phts f fd makes the fd less pleasant. S, (67) w ________ nt stp taking phts and just enjy the fd ahead f yu?
Besides the (68) ________ (science) result, there are als sme ther bad influences f taking phts f fd befre meals. After psting the phts nt the Internet, ne will be unable t cntrl himself and check his mbile phne many times. “Des everyne accept my phts? I hpe a lt f peple like them!” It seems like yur mbile phne secretly class yur name all the time, even when yu are (69) w_______ real peple.
S, next time yu g ut t have dinner, hw abut nt taking phts f fd? Let the fd be delicius as it is and share yur life with thers. Trust me, and it will be a (70) ________ (wnder) time.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文中例举了当前的一种普遍现象,人们在餐桌旁不是马上就餐,不是和朋友聊聊天,而是首先拿起手机拍照发微博或微信,然后做起了“低头党”,作者认为这样严重影响就餐并建议就餐时停止拍照玩手机,而是单纯的享受美食。
61. 【答案】clearly remember为行为动词,后用副词修饰,故把形容词clear改为副词clearly。
62. 【答案】dishes 由句意,一旦菜上上来了,人们开始取出手机拍照,故填dishes。
63. 【答案】instead instead f意为“代替;而不是”,即人们开始取出手机拍照而不是拿起筷子。
64. 【答案】waiting 由上下文,发完微博或微信后,等着被“点赞”,等待的动作之伴随而进行的,故填现在分词。
65. 【答案】whether 由句末r nt可知此处应该填whether, 意为“…去看是否被点赞…”。
66. 【答案】suggests A recent study为单数,故动词suggest用三单式。
67. 【答案】why Why nt+动词原形?意为“为什么不….?” 常用于提建议。
68.【答案】 scientific 此处需用形容词修饰名词result,故把名词science改为形容词scientific。
69.【答案】 with be with意为“和….在一起”。
70.【答案】 wnderful / mre wnderful 由句意:相信我,那将是一段难忘(更难忘)的时光。
【2】
(2018·湖北黄冈)
综合填空(共10小题;每小题1分, 满分10分) 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。( 提示: 每空不超过三个单词)
Each different part f China has its wn special frms f traditinal art. These usually try t shw the things 70 are imprtant in life, such as lve, beauty and family. The mst cmmn things, frm paper t clay t bamb, are turned int bjects f beauty.
Accrding t Chinese histry, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kngming. He sent them ut _ 71 ( ask) fr help when in truble. Tday, sky lanterns are used at festivals and thercelebratins. They _ 72 ( make) f bamb and cvered with paper. When the lanterns are lit, they slwly rise int the air like small ht-air bllns fr all t see. They are seen as bright symbl f 73 ( happy) and gd wishes.
Paper cutting 74 (be) arund fr ver 1500 years. Paper cuting sunds very easy _75 it can be difficult t d. The paper, usually red, is flded befre it is cut with scissrs. The mst cmmn pictures are flwers, animals, and things abut Chinese histry. During the Spring Festival, they are put n windws, drs and walls 76 symbls f wishes fr gd luck and a happy new year.
Chinese clay art is famus because the clay pieces are s small but they lk very real. The pieces are usually cute children r lively characters frm a Chinese fairy tale r histrical stry. The pieces are _ 77 ( careful) shaped by hand frm a very special kind f clay and then allwed t air-dry. Afer 78 ( dry), they are fired at a very high heat. They are then plished and painted. It takes several weeks 79 ( cmplete) everything. These small pieces f clay art shw the lve that all Chinese peple have fr life and beauty.
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文,它介绍了中国传统文化中具有代表性的孔明灯、剪纸和泥塑等文化艺术。通过对传统中国文化元素的介绍,了解与中国传统文化艺术有关的风俗习惯和文化背景。
70. 【答案】that/ which 考查定语从句引导词。“These usually try t shw the things 70 are imprtant in life, such as lve, beauty and family.”意为“这些艺术形式通常尽力展示生活中重要的东西,例如爱、美和家庭。”由句意推知空格后是一个定语从句修饰前面的things,定语从句中修饰事物的引导词用that或which。
71.【答案】 t ask 考查非谓语动词。“He sent them ut 71 ( ask) fr help when in truble.”意为“当处于困境时,他就放出孔明灯求救。”ask与前面具有目的关系,英语中用动词不定式作目的状语。
72. 【答案】are made 考查一般现在时态的被动语态。“They 72 ( make) f bamb and cvered with paper.”意为“它们是用竹子做的,外面用纸包裹着。”,make和they具有被动关系,且根据前面判断句子使用一般现在时态,故填are made。
73. 【答案】happiness 考查名词。“They are seen as bright symbl f 73 ( happy) and gd wishes.”意为“它们被看做是幸福和美好祝愿的象征。”空格处单词与wishes具有并列关系,wishes在此是名词,故填happiness。
74. 【答案】has been 考查动词时态。“Paper cutting 74 ( be) arund fr ver 1500 years.”中的fr ver 1500 years判断句子是现在完成时态。
75.【答案】 but 考查连词。“Paper cuting sunds very easy 75 it can be difficult t d.”空格前意为“剪纸听起来很容易”,空格后意为“可能很难做。”前后发生意义转折,故填but。
76.【答案】 as 考查介词。“During the Spring Festival, they are put n windws, drs and walls 76 symbls f wishes fr gd luck and a happy new year.”意为“在春节期间,人们把它们贴在窗户上、门上和墙上,作为祈求好运和新年快乐的象征。”as表示“作为”之意。
77.【答案】 carefully 考查副词。“The pieces are 77 ( careful) shaped by hand frm a very special kind f clay and then allwed t air-dry.”意为“这些作品通过手工,用一种非常特殊的陶土精心塑形,然后再自然晾干。”空格处单词修饰动词shape,在英语中修饰动词用副词形式,故填carefully。
78.【答案】 dying 考查介词用法。“After 78 (dry), they are fired at a very high heat.”意为“干了之后,再用高温烧制。”在该句中after是介词,介词后面的动词用其-ing形式,故填dying。
79.【答案】 t cmplete 考查固定句型。“It takes several weeks 79 ( cmplete) everything.”意为“完成这一切要花费几周的时间。”take作为“花费”之意,常用于It takes +时间段+t d sth.句型。故填t cmplete。
【3】
(2018·湖北荆门)
阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)
Reading is imprtant in ur daily life. But have yu ever thught what we read 56 ,infrmatin r skills? Hw d we feel when we read, excited r upset? We read wrd by wrd alud and think abut them. Is that enugh? I think reading is mre than 57 (prnunce)r thinking abut wrds.
58 (recent)The Read, a very ppular TV prgram, is staged(_上演)in the frm f reading. It’s a 59 (natin) reading prgram. Dng Qing wrks 60 bth a hstess and a prducer. The Reader hpes t tell us 61 the wrld is like and it takes us t see the beautiful wrld by reading. The shw has invited sme influential(有影响力的) guests wh have rich experiences and tuching stries, like Ni Ping, Wang Yuan frm TFbys and Ya Chen.
“Reading tuches peple’s hearts” is the slg(口号)f The reader, What it wants 62 (shw) isn’t reading skills but real feelings. They are what tuches the audience(观众)mst. "I
have lng thught abut wrking n a prgram related t(与……有关) the human spirit, s far The Reader 63 (becme) a turning pint in my career in hsting and the prgram has bught me quite a huge challenge. "said Dng.
The Reader is f great 64 (imprtant) t the audience and Chinese culture. It als tells us if we understand what we are reading, we will knw what reading really is and well becme better 65 .
【答案】
56.fr
57.prnuncing
58 Recently
59. natinal
60.As
61.what
62.t shw
63. has becme
64.imprtance
65. readers
【4】
(2018福建A卷)
Ⅶ. 短文填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面的短文,根据语境、音标或单词的提示,在每个空格处填入一个恰当的词,要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确,使短文意思完整、行文连贯。
Lnnie Jhnsn always taking things apart(分开). He 81.______ /ˈsʌmtaɪmz/ put them back tgether. Other times he made new things frm different 82.________ (part). He learned hw t use tls frm his dad.
At 13, Lnnie put an ld engine(发动机) n a hmemade g-cart. He lved driving it arund. He dreamed f 83._______ inventr. By high schl, Lnnie built a remte-cntrl rbt frm sme waste things. This wn him first prize at the Alabama State Science Fair. His friends called 84.________ “The Little Scientist.” In cllege, Lnnie was an excellent student. After that, he 85._______ (becme) an Air Frce fficer, rcket scientist and business leader. 86._________ he never stpped inventing. Yu may have played with his mst famus inventin — the Super Saker, a kind f water gun. Lnnie gt the idea fr this 87.________ /tɔɪ/ while wrking n anther inventin. When he tested a hmemade part in his bathrm, it sht water 88._________ /əˈkrɒs/ the rm.
Tday, Dr. Lnnie Jhnsn has mre than 100 89._________ (use) inventins. Hwever, he still keeps 90.________ (try) new things.
【短文大意】本文是记叙文。文章是关于朗尼·约翰逊的一篇人物传记。朗尼·约翰逊是一位发明家,从小他的动手能力就很强,且对事物充满了好奇心。到目前为止,他有上百个有用的发明。
81. 【答案】smetimes 考查副词的用法。句意:他有时会把他们放回去。根据音标及句意可知答案应为smetimes(有时)。故填smetimes。
82.【答案】 parts 考查名称单复数的用法。句意:其他时候,他用不同的零件做出新的东西。由空格前different可知此处使用名词的复数形式。故填parts。
83.【答案】 an 考查冠词的用法。句意:他梦想成为一名发明家。inventr首字母为元音,因此其前应使用不定冠词an。故填an。
84.【答案】 him考查人称代词的用法。句意:他的朋友都称他为“小发明家”。朗尼是一个男孩子,此处call后面接人称代词宾格。故填him。
85.【答案】 became考查动词时态的用法。句意:在那之后,他成为了一名空军官员、火箭科学家和商业领袖。根据文章可知,此处讲述的是过去的事情,应用过去时态。故填became。
86.【答案】 But 考查连词的用法。句意:但是他从没有停止过发明。根据句意可知上下文之间有转折关系,即使他已经很有成就了,但是他依然没有放弃发明东西。故填But。
87.【答案】 ty 考查名词的用法。句意:朗尼在做另一项发明的时候想到了这个玩具。根据句意及音标可知答案。故填ty。
88.【答案】 acrss 考查介词的用法。句意:当他在浴室里测试一个自制的零件时, 它射出了水横穿房间。根据句意及音标可知答案。故填acrss。
89.【答案】 useful 考查形容词的用法。句意:今天,朗尼约翰逊博士有上百个有用的发明。修饰名词inventins应使用形容词。故填useful。
90.【答案】 trying考查固定短语的用法。句意:然而,他仍然在尝试新事物。keep ding为固定短语,意为“继续做某事,一直做某事”。故填trying。
【5】
(2018·广东深圳)
语法填空。(10 分)阅读下面短文,按照句子结构或上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。(共10小题,每小题1分)
Recently, a freign student in China gave a very tuching answer t the questin: What shuld China be prud f? It was
46. (wide) spread nline.Emma is frm Canada. She came t China fur years ag. Nw she is 47. University student in Ningb. The fllwing is China in her eyes.“
48. (find) a jb in China can be really simple. There are mre jb
49. (chance) here than any ther cuntry in the wrld." “Its public security is great. I
50. (travel) many cuntries s far, and I think China is really safe.'“Abut 400 millin Chinese are studying English. China has becme the cuntry
51. has the greatest number f English speakers in nn- English speaking cuntries." “The speed f Chinese trains is high. On my
52. (three) visit t my friend in Beijing. I tk a train there. Frm Ningb
53. Beijing. The train runs 1,365 kilmeters fr nly seven hurs."“I think there
54. (be) many mre things China shuld be prud f. I believe China must be much 55. (gd) than ther cuntries."
46.【答案】widely 考查形容词副词之间的转换。此处widely修饰动词spread。意思是:它被广泛传播。
47.【答案】 a 考查不定冠词。university的第一个音标/j/ 是辅音。所以用冠词a.
48.【答案】Finding 考查非谓语动词。Finding a jb in China 做 can be 的主语,动词不能作主语,需转换成动名词作主语。
49.【答案】 chances 考查名词复数。There are 后用名词复数,此处意思是:有许多工作机会。
50.【答案】 have traveled 考查时态。根据语境以及句末的“s far” 确定这儿用现在完成时态。
51.【答案】 that/which 考查定语从句中的关系代词。当主句中的先行词是物的时候,定语从句中的关系代词可以用that,也可以用which。
52.【答案】 third 考查数词。根据句意: “在我第三次去拜访北京的朋友时…”由此推断用序数词“第三---third”。
53.【答案】 t 考查介词短语。“从 …到…”的英语表达是 “frm…t…”。
54.【答案】 will be 【解析】考查时态. 根据语境句意推断,此处应用将来时态, there be 句型的将来时态是:There will be …
55.【答案】 better 【解析】考查形容词比较级. 根据句意及空前的much和空之后的than,可以推断此处用比较级。
相关试卷
这是一份第18讲 短文填空题型解题技巧-新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练,共9页。试卷主要包含了短文填空题型介绍,短文填空题型做题技巧等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份第16讲 完形填空题型解题技巧-新八年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练,共12页。试卷主要包含了完形填空题型介绍,完形填空题型做题技巧等内容,欢迎下载使用。
这是一份第18讲 短文填空解题技巧-新七年级译林版英语暑假重难点精讲及专项训练,共8页。试卷主要包含了短文填空题型介绍,短文填空题型做题技巧等内容,欢迎下载使用。