专题11 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“写作手法”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 原卷版

这是一份专题11 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“写作手法”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 原卷版，共17页。

【近年高考考情】
1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题
2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题
【实用解题妙招】
一、设问方式
1.Hw is the passage rganized?
2.The authr develps the passage mainly by _________.
二、实用妙招
高考阅读理解主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，其共同目的就是增强说服力，服务于段落或篇章的主旨。
1.根据文章题材来判断。
①记叙文多采取以时间为序、以空间为序、以故事情节发展为序等叙事方式进行写作。
②说明文往往采取下定义、举例子、列数字、对比等方式使说明更清晰或更具说服力。
③议论文大多通过举例子、列数字、引名言、作对比是使得观点更可信，更有权威性。
2.根据“原文定位”来判断。
先根据题干判断是具体某段还是全文写作手法，然后寻找标志词，进而找到答案。
①by giving examples 通过举例。标志词:fr example, fr instance
②by analyzing causes通过分析原因。标志词：as a result/cnsequence
③by giving definitins通过下定义。标志词：that is t say
④by listing data/statistics通过列数字。标志词：具体数字
⑤by describing a prcess通过描述过程。标志词：first, secnd, third, finally
⑥by fllwing time rder 遵循时间顺序。标志词：in 1920，in the 1940s, nwadays
⑦by making cmparisns/cntrast 通过对比。标志词：but, while,
⑧by making classificatins 通过分类。标志词：first, next, then
⑨by analyzing cause and effect 通过分析因果。标志词：That is because….
⑩by fllwing space rder 遵循空间顺序。标志词：由近及远，由外到内
【高考真题再练】
1.（2020年浙江卷C篇）29题
Challenging wrk that requires lts f analytical thinking, planning and ther managerial skills might help yur brain stay sharp as yu age, a study published Wednesday in the jurnal Neurlgy suggests.
Researchers frm the University f Leipzig in Germany gathered mre than 1, 000 retired wrkers wh were ver age 75 and assessed the vlunteers’ memry and thinking skills thrugh a battery f tests. Then, fr eight years, the scientists asked the same grup t cme back t the lab every 18 mnths t take the same srts f tests.
Thse wh had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jbs befre retirement tended t d the best n the tests. And they tended t lse cgnitive(认知) functin at a much slwer rate than thse with the least mentally challenging jbs. The results held true even after the scientists accunted fr the participants’ verall health status.
“This wrks just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, wh led the study. “After a lng run, yu may feel like yu’re in pain, yu may feel tired. But it makes yu fit. After a lng day at wrk-sure, yu will feel tired, but it can help yur brain stay healthy. ”
It's nt just crprate jbs, r even paid wrk that can help keep yur brain fit. Then pints ut. A waiter’s jb, fr example, that requires multitasking, teamwrk and decisin-making culd be just as stimulating as any high-level ffice wrk. And “running a family husehld requires high-level planning and crdinating(协调), ” she says. “Yu have t rganize the activities f the children and take care f the bills and grceries. ”
Of curse, ur brains can decline as we grw lder fr lts f reasns-including ther envirnmental influences r genetic factrs. Still, cntinuing t challenge yurself mentally and keeping yur mind busy can nly help.
28. Why did the scientists ask the vlunteers t take the tests?
A. T assess their health status.B. T evaluate their wrk habits.
C. T analyze their persnality.D. T measure their mental ability.
29. Hw des Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s wrds.B. By making a cmparisn.
C. By referring t anther study.D. By intrducing a cncept.
30. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Retired Wrkers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old Peple Shuld Take Challenging Jbs
C. Yur Tugh Jb Might Help Keep Yu Sharp
D. Cgnitive Functin May Decline As Yu Age
2.（2016年四川卷D篇）35题
A warm drink f milk befre bed has lng been the best chice fr thse wanting a gd night’s sleep. But nw a study has fund it really des help peple nd ff—if it is milked frm a cw at night.
Researchers have discvered that “night milk” cntains mre melatnin(褪黑激素), which has been prven t help peple feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers frm Seul, Suth Krea, invlved mice being fed with dried milk pwder made frm cws milked bth during the day and at night.
Thse given night milk, which cntained 10 times the amunt f melatnin, were less active and less anxius than thse fed with the milk cllected during daytime, accrding t the study published in The Jurnal f Medicinal Fd.
Night milk quickened the start f sleep and caused the mice t sleep lnger.
While the effect f cws’ milk harvested at different time has nt been tested n humans up t nw, taking melatnin drugs has been suggested t thse wh are struggling t fall asleep at night.
Previus studies have als indicated that milk can be excellent fr helping sleep because f the calcium cntent, which helps peple t relax.
Milk is als sugar-free and additive-free with nutritinists recmmending skimmed milk as the best chice befre bed as it is the least fattening. The mre fat yu take in befre bedtime, the greater burden yu will put n yur bdy at night.
32. Accrding t the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.
A. started sleep mre easily B. were mre anxius
C. were less active D. wke up later
33. Which f the fllwing is true f melatnin accrding t the text?
A. It’s been tested n mice fr ten times. B. It can make peple mre energetic.
C. It exists in milk in great amunt. D. It’s used in sleeping drugs.
34. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat, Sugar and Health
C. An Experiment n Mice D. Milk Drinking and Health
35. Hw des the authr supprt the theme f the text?
A. By giving examples. B. By stating arguments.
C. By explaining statistical data. D. By prviding research results.
【名校好题强化】
（23·24上·镇江·期中）An authr with cerebral palsy(脑瘫) wh fulfilled his dream f writing a children’s bk said he hped it culd help yung peple “be themselves”.
Gavin Clift n wrte Max and the Magic Wish, abut a by with cerebral palsy wh wishes t be like ther children befre starting schl.
Cliftn wanted t cnvey the message that it is OK fr children t be different. Cliftn was expected t never walk, talk r g t mainstream schl due t his cnditin. Cliftn nw walks and drives and can speak thrugh a specialist machine.
He said he wanted t shw thers what peple with disabilities can d, “The persn yu becme is the mst imprtant thing because yu learn t adapt yur life in yur wn way. And I want t shw children and thers with disabilities that being yurself is always the best that they shuld d. It has always been a dream f mine t write a children’s bk and if I can educate mre peple and inspire them whilst making a difference t their lives, I wuld be s happy. It wuld be my biggest achievement yet.”
Cliftn said he wanted it t g against “keybard warrirs” searching fr peple with disabilities n scial media. “I have suffered abuse frm keybard warrirs myself but the best advice I can give is t never bite back and let g f all the hrrible cmments and let them g ver yur head.”
The authr’s father Martin Cliftn said, “The dctr said he wuld never walk r talk because f his cerebral pals y that affects ne side f his bdy. I am s prud f him.”
Illustratr and publisher f Cliftn’s bk, Clare Thmas, said wrking with him was “an abslute hnur”. She said, “He desn’t let anything stand in his way.”
1. Hw is the third paragraph develped?
A. By describing a prcess.B. By analyzing causes.
C. By giving an example.D. By fllwing time rder.
2. What is the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A. The mtivatin behind Cliftn’s writing a bk.
B. The reasn fr Gavin Cliftn’s recvery.
C. The main character f Gavin Cliftn’s bk.
D. The cause f Gavin Cliftn’s illness.
3. Hw des Cliftn respnd t keybard warrirs?
A. He asks friends fr help.B. He ignres their evil wrds.
C. He bites back keybard warrirs.D. He accepts the hrrible cmments.
4. Why did Clare Thmas feel hnred t wrk with Gavin Cliftn?
A. Because Gavin Cliftn enjyed a high scial status.
B. Because Gavin Clift n was a man with disabilities.
C. Because Gavin Cliftn brught much cnfidence t Clare Thmas.
D. Because Gavin Clift impressed Clare Thmas with his perseverance.
（22·23上·牡丹江·期中）Each year mre than 2,500 peple die and 12,600 are injured in hme fires just in the United States, with direct prperty lss because f hme fires at abut $7.3 billin. Every day Americans experience the hrrr f fires, but mst peple dn’t understand fires.
T prtect yurself, it is imprtant t learn smething abut hme fires.
In less than 30 secnds a small flame (火焰) can get cmpletely ut f cntrl and turn int a majr fire. It nly takes minutes fr thick black smke t fill a huse r fr it t be in flames. Mst deadly fires happen in the hme when peple are asleep. If yu realize a fire, yu wn’t have time t take valuables because the fire spreads t quickly and the smke is t thick. The fire uses up the xygen yu need and prduces smke and pisnus (有毒的) gases. Breathing even small amunts f smke and pisnus gases can make yu tired and sleepy, and shrt f breath. The smke can cause yu t be a deep sleeper befre the flames reach yur dr. Yu may nt wake up in time t escape.
Rm temperatures in a fire can be 100 degrees at flr level and rise t 600 degrees at eye level. Breathing in this super-ht air will burn yur lungs. It can melt (熔化) clthes t yur skin. In five minutes, a rm can get s ht that everything in it starts t burn at nce.
Fires are bright at first, but quickly prduce black smke and cmplete darkness. If yu wake up t a fire yu may be blinded, cnfused abut where yu are r which directin yu shuld g in and unable t find yur way arund the hme yu’ve lived in fr years. Only when we knw the true nature f fires can we prepare ur families and urselves.
5. Hw des the first paragraph develp?
A. By raising questins.B. By listing reasns.
C. By expressing pinins.D. By giving examples.
6. What can we infer frm the third paragraph?
A. It is necessary t escape in time.
B. It is imprtant t find pisnus gases.
C. It is impssible t keep away frm smke.
D. It is dangerus t stay away frm the dr.
7. Hw des black smke truble us?
A. Causing us t feel hpeless.B. Making ur faces turn black.
C. Getting us t lse ur ways.D. Frcing us t walk arund the hme.
8. What des the text mainly tell us?
A. Different prcesses f hme fires.
B. Sme basic knwledge f hme fires.
C. Great damage f hme fires in the USA.
D. Sme gd ways t prevent hme fires.
（18·19·重庆·二模）Nwadays, we can read almst all “truths” n scial media sites. But are they really reliable? Sites such as the micr messaging service Twitter, the scial netwrking site Facebk and the pht-sharing app Instagram might “misrepresent the real wrld,” accrding t a study by cmputer scientists frm McGill University and Carnegie Melln University.
The scientists warn that gathering infrmatin abut public views and trends frm these sites is unwise. There are still large parts f the ppulatin wh d nt take part in scial media activities. Als, there's a risk that many scial media users are under- represented. Instagram, fr example, appeals t yunger adults in urban areas while Pinterest is used mainly by females aged 25 t 34. And nly 5 percent f Twitter users are ver 65 years ld, accrding I the study.
Hwever, this is nt the nly issue, accrding t the scientific team. The design f a website can influence hw peple behave nline, creating what the researchers call “Internet bias.” Fr example, micr-blgging sites such as Weib prmte “ppular” stries. It saves time fr sme, but it als limits readers' chice f what they see. In the end, many peple pen thse stries and make them mre “ppular.” But it's nt because they chse thse stries. Rather, it is because the cntent is right in frnt f them.
Besides, it's pssible that nt everyne n yur scial netwrks is real. There might actually be a few fake accunts amng them. Fake “bts” pretend t be human and are ften included when measuring r predicting human behavirs nline.
The findings might be mre imprtant than yu wuld think, since many scial media studies “are used t infrm and justify decisins and investments amng the public and in industry and gvernment,” said Derek Ruths, assistant Prfessr at McGill's Schl f Cmputer Science.
If the team is right, yu might have t think carefully the next time yu say, “It's true, yu knw; I read it n Weib.”
9. Why des the authr mentin Twitter, Facebk and Instagram?
A. Because they are the best scial media sites tday.
B. Because they are nt in favr f the current study.
C. Because the public are sharing truths n these sites.
D. Because infrmatin n these sites may nt be reliable.
10. Hw is the passage develped?
A. By giving examples.B. By making cmparisns.
C. By dividing int grups.D. By analyzing cause and effect.
11. Which wrd can best describe the authr's attitude tward infrmatin n scial media sites?
A. Ambiguus.B. Favrable.
C. Disagreeable.D. Cautius
12. What's the authr's main purpse in writing the passage?
A. T analyze why infrmatin gathered frm scial media sites may nt be trustwrthy.
B. T remind readers f things they shuld watch ut fr when using scial media.
C. T pint ut the advantages and disadvantages f scial media.
D. T recmmend ppular scial netwrking sites fr readers.
（18·19上·厦门·期中）Reese Witherspn was brn n March 22, 1976 in New Orleans, Luisiana. She is the secnd child f the family. Reese spent the first fur years f her life in Wiesbaden, Germany, where her father Jhn Witherspn served in the US Army Reserves. Shrtly after, Jhn mved the family back t the United States, settling in Nashville, Tennessee.
Reese was intrduced t the entertainment industry at a very early age at age 7, she began mdeling. This led t appearances n several lcal televisin cmmercials. At age 11, she was placed first in a Ten-State Talent Fair.
In 1990, she landed her first majr acting rle in The Man in the Mn(1991). Her rle as a 14-year ld tmby earned her gd reviews. Rles in bigger films such as Jack the Bear (1993) and A Far Off Place (1993) fllwed shrtly after.
Fllwing high schl graduatin in 1994, Reese decided t have a pause in her acting career and attend Stanfrd University where she wuld majr in English literature. Hwever, her plans were shrtly stpped when she accepted rles t star in tw majr mtin pictures. Althugh neither film was a huge bx-ffice success, they did help t make Reese a rising star in Hllywd and pen the dr fr bigger and better film rles.
Her breakthrugh rle came as Elle Wds in the 2001 cmedy Legally Blnde In bx ffice terms, the mvie was a great success and made Reese ne f the tp female stars in Hlywd. In the year 2014, she prduced bth Gne Girl and Wild, fr which she gt nminated (提名) fr a best actress Oscar again fr her rle.
Reese is actively invlved in children's and wmen’=s advcacy rganizatins. She is a lngtime supprter f Save the Children, an rganizatin that helps prvide children arund the wrld with educatin, health care and emergency aid.
13. Why did Reese stp her studies at Stanfrd University?
A. Because she starred in tw successful films.
B. Because she culdn’t balance studies and acting.
C. Because she didn’t want t get higher educatin.
D. Because she was mre famus in Hllywd.
14. Which film made Reese mst famus?
A. The Man in the Mn.B. Jack the Bear
C. A Far Off Place.D. Legally Blnde.
15. What is the authr’s attitude tward Reese?
A. Caring.B. Defensive.
C. Disapprving.D. Admiring.
16. Hw des the passage develp?
A. Fllwing the rder f time.B. Using figures.
C. Giving examples.D. Making cmparisn.
（22·23下·沈阳·期中）Air-cnditiner’s setting ften frms the basis f ffice arguments between wmen and men regarding the “crrect” temperature fr it t be set. And it’s a cmmn debate between cuples — the perfect temperature t keep bth parties warm but nt ht. Research des cnsistently shw wmen prefer a higher indr temperature t men. But is there any science backing up the widespread belief that wmen “feel the cld” mre than men?
At arund the same bdy weight, wmen tend t have less muscle t prduce heat. Wmen als have mre fat between the skin and the muscles, s the skin feels clder, as it’s slightly further away frm bld vessels.
Wmen als tend t have a lwer metablic(代谢)rate than men, which reduces heat prductin during cld expsure, making wmen mre likely t feel cld as the temperature drps.
The hrmnes estrgen and prgesterne(雌激素和孕激素), fund in large quantities in wmen, cntribute t the cre bdy and skin temperatures. Oestrgen dilates(扩张)bld vessels at the extremities. This means mre heat can be lst t the surrunding air. And prgesterne can cause the vessels in the skin t narrw, meaning less bld will flw t sme areas t keep the inner rgans warmer, leaving wmen feeling cler.
S hw d we agree n the ideal temperature? The “Scandinavian sleep methd”, where cuples sleep with separate blankets, is ne way t vercme the differences in temperature preferences.
In the wrkplace, persnal cmfrt systems are heat systems that can be lcally psitined in individual wrk statins such as desktps, chairs, r near the feet and legs. Examples include small desk fans, heated chairs and blankets, r ft-warmers. These systems prvide individualised cmfrt t meet persnal needs withut affecting thers in the same space, and have been fund t prduce higher cmfrt satisfactin in the wrkplace. They may als be an energy-efficient methd t balance warmth and health in ffice envirnments.
17. Why des a cuple ften have an argument n temperature cntrl?
A. Because the wife prefers t wrk indrs than utdrs.
B. Because the wife wuld like t stay in a cler place.
C. Because they have different preference fr temperature.
D. Because they have n air-cnditiner t heat their ffice.
18. What may happen t men and wmen f the same weight?
A. Men may be much strnger than wmen.
B. Men may have mre fat than wmen.
C. Wmen may feel clder than men.
D. Wmen may prduce mre heat than men.
19. Hw des the furth paragraph develp?
A. By giving examples.B. By listing reasns.
C. By slving prblems.D. By making cmparisns.
20. Which f the fllwing can help create a cmfrtable wrkplace withut bthering thers?
A. Using a persnal heater.B. Mving int a warm ffice.
C. Applying a new heating system.D. Asking fr an extra individual rm.
（22·23下·运城·阶段练习）Art and science may seem like ppsite things. One means the creative flw f ideas, and the ther means cld, hard data — sme peple believe. In fact, the tw have much in cmmn. Nw, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class.
Mariale Hardiman, an educatin specialist, nticed that students wh used art in the class listened mre carefully. They might ask mre questins. They might vlunteer mre ideas. What’s mre, students seemed t remember mre f what they had been taught when their science lessns had invlved art. T prve that, Hardiman teamed up with sme researchers and six lcal schls.
In the experiment, the researchers wrked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrms. They prvided traditinal science lessns and art-fcused nes. In a traditinal science class, fr example, students might read the infrmatin frm a bk alud. In the art-fcused ne, they might sing the infrmatin instead.
The team randmly assigned(分配) each f the 350 students t either a traditinal science class r an art-fcused ne. Students then learned science using that way fr the whle unit — abut three weeks. When they changed t a new tpic, they als changed t the ther type f class. This way, each student had bth an art-fcused class and a traditinal ne. Every unit was taught in bth ways, t different grups f students. This enabled the researchers t see hw students did in bth types f classes.
The team fund that students wh started ff in traditinal classes perfrmed better after they mved int an art-fcused class. But thse wh started in an art-fcused class did well even when they went back t a traditinal science class. These students appeared t use sme f the art techniques after ging back t a traditinal class. Classrm teachers reprted that many students cntinued t sketch(画速写) r sing t help remember the infrmatin. “It suggests that the arts may help students apply creative ways f learning n their wn,” Hardiman said.
21. Hw des the first paragraph develp?
A. By giving examples.B. By analyzing cause and effect.
C. By fllwing space rder.D. By making cmparisns.
22. What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
A. Students take an active part when their class invlves art.
B. Students are mre creative in art class than in science class.
C. Students’ learning ability depends greatly n class invlvement.
D. Students remember things fr a lnger time if using art in class.
23. What were the students required t d in the experiment?
A. Learn three units in ttal.
B. Take tw types f classes.
C. Learn tw tpics fr three weeks.
D. Chse between a traditinal class and an art-fcused ne.
24. What is the text mainly abut?
A. It is nt easy t use art in science class.
B. Science plays an imprtant rle in creative thinking.
C. Art cntributes t science learning.
D. Art-fcused classes encurage teamwrk.
（21·22上·东莞·期末）On Jan. 14, 2020, Micrsft retired Windws 7 and stpped ffering security updates (更新) fr ne f the mst-lved versins f its perating system. The main reasn was that maintaining them required resurces and engineers. These culd be expensive, especially as the cmpany fcused its effrts n new prducts and services.
Micrsft stpped adding new features t Windws7 in 2015, and it had regularly been reminding users f the end-f-life deadline (最后期限) and inviting them t equip Windws 10, which was grwing quickly. But Windws 7 made up abut 27 percent f desktp and laptps in Octber, 2019, accrding t Netmarket share, which tracks (跟踪) usage f different technlgies. There are mre than 1.5 billin Windws devices (装置) in use and at least 400 millin f them are still running the ut-f-date perating system. If Windws 7 cntinues t decrease at the current pace, its share will drp t 13 percent by 2021-but that’s still mre than 100 millin devices.
Hackers are always hunting fr insecure devices, which makes us anxius. If a new bug appears in Windws 7, bad actrs will have millins f devices t attack and infect with virus (病毒) at nce. That’s why the cmpany has an Extended Security Update prgram, which will run until January 2023. Organizatins that want t cntinue using Windws 7 and receive bug patches have t pay $50 per device in the first year, $100 in the secnd year, and $200 in the third year t d s.
25. Why did Micrsft retire Windws 7?
A. N ne wanted t use it.
B. It was easy t be hacked.
C. Maintaining it csts a lt
D. It was utdated and valueless.
26. Hw is the secnd paragraph develped?
A. By listing data.B. By ding research.
C. By giving examples.D. By making cmparisns.
27. What is ur wrry abut Windws 7?
A. Decrease f its users.
B. Cst fr its bug patches.
C. Replacement by Windws 10.
D. Security f its perating system.
28. In which part f a newspaper may this text appear?
A. Culture.B. Business.C. Health.D. Educatin.
（23·24上·全国·课时练习）Art and science may seem like ppsite things. One means the creative flw f ideas, and the ther means cld, hard data — sme peple believe. In fact, the tw have much in cmmn. Nw, a study finds art can help students remember better what they learned in science class.
Mariale Hardiman, an educatin specialist, nticed that students wh used art in the class listened mre carefully. They might ask mre questins. They might vlunteer mre ideas. What’s mre, students seemed t remember mre f what they had been taught when their science lessns had invlved art. T prve that, Hardiman teamed up with sme researchers and six lcal schls.
In the experiment, the researchers wrked with teachers in 16 fifth-grade classrms. They prvided traditinal science lessns and art-fcused nes. In a traditinal science class, fr example, students might read the infrmatin frm a bk alud. In the art-fcused ne, they might sing the infrmatin instead.
The team randmly assigned (分配) each f the 350 students t either a traditinal science class r an art-fcused ne. Students then learned science using that way fr the whle unit — abut three weeks. When they changed t a new tpic, they als changed t the ther type f class. This way, each student had bth an art-fcused class and a traditinal ne. Every unit was taught in bth ways, t different grups f students. This enabled the researchers t see hw students did in bth types f classes.
The team fund that students wh started ff in traditinal classes perfrmed better after they mved int an art-fcused class. But thse wh started in an art-fcused class did well even when they went back t a traditinal science class. These students appeared t use sme f the art techniques after ging back t a traditinal class. Classrm teachers reprted that many students cntinued t sketch (画速写) r sing t help remember the infrmatin. “It suggests that the arts may help students apply creative ways f learning n their wn,” Hardiman said.
29. Hw des the first paragraph develp?
A. By giving examples.B. By making cmparisns.
C. By fllwing space rder.D. By analyzing cause and effect.
30. What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
A. Students take an active part when their class invlves art.
B. Students are mre creative in art class than in science class.
C. Students’ learning ability depends greatly n class invlvement.
D. Students remember things fr a lnger time if using art in class.
31. What were the students required t d in the experiment?
A. Learn three units in ttal.B. Take tw types f classes.
C. Learn tw tpics fr three weeks.D. Chse between a traditinal class and an art-fcused ne.
32. What is the text mainly abut?
A. It is nt easy t use art in science class.B. Science cntributes t creative thinking.
C. Art can make science easier t learn.D. Art-fcused classes encurage teamwrk.
（22·23下·安徽·模拟预测）Water equals life. This is true fr peple, animals and plants. And while water is plentiful in sme lcatins, this is nt the case all ver the wrld. Nw scientists frm the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT) may have develped a way t change that.
The new desalinatin (脱盐) device prduces water actually abve the Wrld Health Organizatin standards, just by pushing a buttn. There are n filters (过滤器) required, and the device uses electrical pwer t remve salt and ther particles (微粒) — including bacteria and viruses — frm the saltwater. This reduces the need fr cnstant maintenance.
Mst cmmercially available prtable desalinatin units use filters that require high-pressure pumps t push the water, which makes them huge in size and less energy efficient. The filterless MIT device will allw it t be used in remte r resurce-limited places like small islands, ships, and even fr emergency use.
The device tk years t develp. After running tests in the lab with water that had different salinity and particles, it was tested at Bstn’s Carsn Beach. The device prduced drinkable water in just half an hur.
The new desalinatin unit needs less pwer than a cell phne charger, reprted Fast Cmpany, and wrks using tw types f electrical fields t filter the saltwater. But best f all, it is designed t be used by average peple and nt engineers. In fact, the device nly has three buttns, ne t pwer the device, ne t start it, and ne t stp it.
The researchers are still wrking n a final design that culd use cheaper materials t make it ready by the end f next year. This small but mighty desalinatin unit may be the key t bringing safe water t a thirsty wrld.
33. What’s the advantage f the new desalinatin device?
A. It’s cnvenient.B. Ifs a lt cheaper.
C. It has imprved filters.D. It has a larger utput.
34. Hw is the third paragraph develped?
A. By making cmparisns.B. By giving examples.
C. By analyzing causes.D. By listing figures.
35. What des the authr think is the mst utstanding quality f the new device?
A. It requires much less pwer.
B. It pssesses tw electrical fields.
C. It can be easily perated by rdinary peple.
D. It is cntrlled by the same buttn.
36. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Deeper research finds new cntents f seawater
B. Better methd imprves the quality f drinking water
C. Reprt shws a wrld thirsty fr safe drinking water
D. New prtable device makes seawater drinkable n the way
（22·23上·宁德·期中）The final event in the Olympics is the marathn. It is als usually the mst exciting. As the leader cmes int the stadium t run the last few meters f the 42-kilmeter race, the crwd rises t its feet t shut and cheer. The name f the race cmes frm a battle(战争) in Ancient Greece. Accrding t the stry, a sldier ran frm the battle field, Marathn, t Athens, t bring the news f a Greek victry against the Persians. He died just after arriving.
The marathn has been an Olympic event since the mdern games started in 1896. At first the distance was 40 kilmeters—the distance between Marathn and Athens. In 1908, hwever, at the Lndn Olympics, it was changed. The King f England wanted the runners t leave frm his castle in Windsr and arrive in a new stadium in central Lndn. The distance was 26 miles—abut 42 kilmeters. In fact, the 1908 marathn ended dramatically(戏剧性地). When the leader, an Italian, entered the stadium he turned the wrng way and fell nt the grund. Officials picked him up and helped him t the finishing line, just as the secnd runner, an American, entered the stadium. The Americans prtested(抗议) and in the end the American runner was declared(宣布) the winner. Since then, there have been many mre exciting marathns.
In fact, yu dn’t have t wait fr the Olympic Games t run r watch a marathn, as there are marathns in ver sixty cuntries and hundreds f cities arund the wrld tday. One f the mst famus marathns is in New Yrk, and is watched by tw millin peple arund the streets and acrss the bridges f the city, and past New Yrk’s famus landmarks. But perhaps ne f the mst beautiful and unique marathns ever is the Great Wall Marathn, which mst cmpetitrs find is the tughest curse t run.
The marathn is the final Olympic event because it is thught t be the hardest. But experts believe that mst peple—even peple wh are nt very gd at sprt—can run a marathn, if they train fr it.
37. What did the crwd d when the leader came int the stadium?
A. They std up quietly.B. They shuted with excitement.
C. They carried him t the line.D. They cried sadly.
38. Hw is the secnd paragraph develped?
A. By fllwing time rder.B. By listing numbers.
C. By fllwing space rder.D. By giving reasns.
39. What d we knw abut the marathn accrding t the passage?
A. The name f the race cmes frm a battle in Greece.
B. The Marathns have the same length all the time.
C. The Great Wall Marathn is the easiest curse t run.
D. Peple nt gd at sprt cannt run a marathn unless trained.
40. Which is the mst special marathn mentined in the passage?
A. The Marathn in Lndn in 1908.
B. The Great Wall Marathn.
C. The Marathn in New Yrk.
D. The Marathn in 1896.
（23·24上·荆州·期末）If yu’ve ever thught that dgs seem t knw when peple are stressed, yu were right. Scientists in Ireland ran an experiment which shwed that dgs can tell the difference between the smell f a persn when they’re relaxed and when they’re stressed.
Researchers at Queen’s University Belfast, led by scientist Clara Wilsn, wrked with fur dgs. They taught the dgs t use a special smell-testing device with three penings. The scientists used treats and rewards (奖励) t train the dgs t find and signal the crrect pening. Over time, the dgs were given harder and harder smelling jbs. The final gal was t see if they culd smell stress in the breath and sweat f a persn.
S the researchers cllected breath and sweat samples (样品) frm 36 different peple. They gt samples when the peple were calm, and als when they were stressed. T stress peple ut, the scientists asked a really difficult math prblem, and frced peple t d it in their heads quickly. And they weren’t nice abut it. They kept telling the peple t hurry up, and didn’t give them any help. That lasted fr three minutes. Then the researchers cllected tw mre sweat and breath samples. They als asked the peple abut their level f stress, and measured their heart rates and bld pressure. Mst peple said they felt very stressed. On average, the heart rate increased frm abut 91 beats per minute t abut 105 beats per minute.
The scientists used ne f the stressed samples, alng with tw clean pieces f clth, t train the dgs t find the stressed smell. Then came the challenge- the dgs had three chices: a sample frm a calm persn, a stressed sample frm that same persn, and a clean piece f clth. In all, the dgs did 720 f these tests. They crrectly identified the stressed sample abut 94% f the time.
45. What can we learn frm the secnd paragraph?
A. The smell- testing device was made by Clara.
B. Clara Wilsn was an expert in training dgs.
C. The fur dgs cncentrated n the experiment.
D. The experiment was carried ut step by step.
46. Hw des the third paragraph develp?
A. By cmparisn.B. By giving examples.
C. By stating the prcess.D. By shwing research findings.
47. What was the challenge fr the dg?
A. Hundreds f tests.B. A clean piece f clth.
C. The sample frm the same persn.D. The sample frm different persns.
48. What’s the best title fr the text?
A. Dgs’ Special Ability Prves UsefulB. Scientists Train Dgs T Tell Smells
C. An Experiment abut Smell Shcks UsD. Scientists Learn That Dgs Can Smell Stress
（21·22下·漳州·期末）Back-t-back typhns that attacked reefs(礁) and turned crals upside dwn hit in 2014 and 2015 in Australia sea, which ruined the cral ecsystem.
Feeling “abslutely shcked”, Stephen Simpsn, a bilgist at the University f Bristl, decided t channel his srrw int actin. In 2017, he piled up cral remains t build dzens f new small reefs. He placed speakers nearby t play recrdings made when the reefs were healthy. “As I wish, twice as many yung fish settled n the reefs near these speakers”, he says.
In a new paper, Brittany Williams, a graduate student at the University f Adelaide, reviewed prjects that used sund t help restre marine(海洋的) ecsystems. “We wanted t prve that sund has great ptential”, she says. That ptential arises frm the fact that a healthy cean is nisy: fish whistle, dlphins scream, and spiny lbsters play their feeler like vilins. Like the nise f a big city, the familiar sund f a healthy habitat attracts yung creatures that are seeking a permanent hme.
The experiments shwed that sund is ne f the signals baby fish use t find and settle n a cral reef after spending their first weeks swimming in the pen cean. “We realized that the fish might be hearing their way hme,” says Williams.
In experiments begun during her pstgraduate degree, Williams put ysters(牡蛎) int jars and played sme f them a recrding frm a wasteland where an yster reef used t be. Other ysters were played nthing, while a third grup heard the sund f a restred reef. The ysters that heard the restred reef were abut twice as likely as the thers t settle and attach themselves at the bttm f the jar.
61. Why did Stephen Simpsn take actin n the reefs?
A. T play recrdings fr fishes.B. T make the sea peaceful again.
C. T create larger and newer reefs.D. T rebuilding the reef cmmunity.
62. What des Williams want t see?
A. Dlphins wn’t hurt ther creatures.B. Sea animals have a green habitat.
C. Fish grw much bigger and faster.D. There’re srts f sunds in the cean.
63. What may be the key t ensuring the future f the cean accrding t the research?
A. Sund.B. Reefs.C. Climate.D. Humans.
64. Hw des the fifth paragraph develp?
A. By giving examples.B. By making cntrasts.
C. By prviding statistics.D. By analyzing the causes.
（21·22·泰州·模拟预测）A bld test that accurately predicts a patient’s likelihd f dying frm heart disease r a strke (中风) has been develped.
Researchers tk samples f bld frm 22,949 peple and analyzed the levels f abut 5,000 prteins within it. They then used machine learning t detect whether there was a link between the prteins that circulate in a persn’s bldstream and their risk f heart disease. The study identified a particular “prtein signature” that accurately predicts the chance f suffering a heart attack, strke r heart failure ver a fur-year perid.
Currently, dctrs assess the likelihd f patients suffering heart prblems by lking at factrs including weight, bld pressure, age and chlesterl (胆固醇) levels. Hwever, bld prtein analysis can prvide mre accurate clues t the state f a persn’s health. The technlgy was fund t be twice as accurate as existing tls at measuring a patient’s heart risk. The bld test culd als prvide a faster way f detecting whether patients’ existing medicatin (药物治疗) is wrking and helping t reduce their risk. Existing risk assessments struggle t d this.
The bld test was develped by SmaLgic, based in Bulder, Clrad. The cmpany is als wrking with scientists at Imperial Cllege Lndn t help develp a bld test t detect cancer. Prfessr Eli Ribli said this culd lead t widespread screening fr many different types f cancers, which is nt pssible using existing techniques. His team will wrk with SmaLgic t analyze 15,000 bld samples frm peple wh had develped cancer, cmparing them with 10,000 samples frm peple wh did nt. The results will be used t establish whether there are prtein markers that culd indicate if smene is at risk frm the disease.
In 2019, a trial began in Leeds t use SmaLgic’s technlgy t assess peple’s risk f diabetes, and als the effectiveness f lifestyle changes in preventing the cnditin. Dr Michael Messenger, head f the Leeds Centre fr Persnalized Medicine and Health, said that it culd help tailr treatments t individual patients. “Persnalized medicine lets us take a deeper lk at each persn’s individual bilgy, s we can better understand what the right advice r treatment, at the right time, might be.”
65. What can be learned frm the secnd paragraph?
A. Abut 5,000 prteins exist in peple’s bld.
B. Different methds were adpted in the research.
C. Altgether 22,949 peple vlunteered fr the study.
D. The “prtein signature” in the bld causes heart diseases.
66. Hw is the third paragraph develped?
A. By giving examples.B. By making classificatins.
C. By making cmparisns.D. By analyzing cause and effect.
67. What can be learned frm the passage?
A. Persnalized medicine is becming a tendency.
B. Prtein markers will indicate sme risks f cancer.
C. SmaLgic’s technlgy will have a wider applicatin.
D. Bld prtein analysis is mst advanced in predicting diseases.
68. What is the text mainly abut?
A. New appraches t ding bld tests.
B. An easy way t prevent deadly diseases.
C. The advantages f bld prtein analysis.
D. A bld test t predict the risk f heart attack death.
（21·22·长春·模拟预测）ETH Zurich researchers led by rbtics prfessr Marc Hutter have develped a new cntrl apprach that enables a legged rbt, called ANYmal, t mve quickly and steadily ver difficult landfrm. Thanks t machine learning, the rbt can cmbine its visual perceptin (感知) f the envirnment with its sense f tuch fr the first time.
Steep sectins n slippery grund, high steps, stne and frest trails full f rts: the path up the 1098-metre-high Munt Etzel at the suthern end f Lake Zurich is filled with masses f barriers. But ANYmal, the legged rbt frm the Rbtic Systems Lab at ETH Zurich, vercmes the 120 vertical metres effrtlessly in a 31-minute hike. That’s 4 minutes faster than the evaluated duratin fr human hikers and with n falls r missteps.
This is made pssible by a new cntrl technlgy, which researchers at ETH Zurich led by Marc Hutter recently presented in the jurnal Science Rbtics. “The rbt has learned t cmbine visual perceptin f its envirnment with its sense f tuch based n direct leg cntact (接触). This allws it t cpe with rugh landfrm faster, mre efficiently and, abve all, mre steadily,” Hutter says.
Befre the rbt culd put its abilities t the test in the real wrld, Marc Hutter expsed the system t masses f barriers and surces f errr in a virtual training camp. This let the netwrk learn the perfect way fr the rbt t vercme barriers, as well as when it can rely n envirnmental data and when it wuld d better t ignre that data. “With this training, the rbt is able t master the mst difficult natural landfrm withut having seen it befre,” says ETH Zurich Prfessr Hutter.
In the future, ANYmal can be used anywhere that is t dangerus fr humans r t impassable fr ther rbts. Whether after an earthquake, after a nuclear disaster, r during a frest fire, rbts like ANYmal can be used primarily wherever it is t dangerus fr humans and where ther rbts cannt cpe with the difficult landfrm.
69. Hw was ANYmal’s 120-vertical-metre hike in the end?
A. Tugh.B. Successful.C. Challenging.D. Attractive.
70. Hw is the third paragraph develped?
A. By analyzing reasns.B. By making cmparisns.
C. By listing data.D. By giving examples.
71. What can be inferred abut ANYmal?
A. It had n truble in a lng hike.B. It has been applied t test landfrm.
C. It needed tests befre being put int use.D. It vercame barriers based n indirect leg cntact.
72. What des the authr cnvey in the last paragraph?
A. Disasters’ severity.B. Humans’ limitatin.
C. ANYmal’s future appearance.D. ANYmal’s develpment ptential.
（20·21·宜宾·二模）The era f intelligent hme is n the way... A smart pet-flap based n lift dr technlgy that lets pets in — but keeps fxes ut —has been made public at the wrld’s largest tech cnference. The MyQ Pet Prtal is the latest tl t prmise t revlutinise petkeeping.
Fr $2,999 wners get a new dr featuring sliding drs that are unnticeable when clsed. The family pet is equipped with a Bluetth cllar that sends a signal t the sensr hidden in the dr which then infrms the wner.
A smart phne app allws the wner t chse whether t pen the dr, with a vide and audi stream (音频流) enabling the wner t see and talk t their pet. “ It is a slutin fr hmewners wh want t keep the security and the appearance f their hme in gd cnditin while prviding their pets with the freedm t play n demand,” the cmpany claims. MyQ is wned by Chamberlain Grup, a US cmpany specialising in garage drs.
The dr cmes with an “aut-clse and lck system” that triggers after the dg ges thrugh t ensure that n ther pets r fxes can use it. There is als the ptin t let a dg pen the dr autmatically when it appraches, withut the need fr the wners’ apprval.
Samsung revealed a rbt called Bt Handy that can, it is claimed, pick up laundry, lad the dishwasher, set the table, pur wine, and fetch drinks. There was als an app r vice-cntrlled bathtub frm Khler, a US maker f bathrm prducts, which attempts t make the spa experience at hme pssible. The tub, csting up t $8,700, can cnnect t vice assistants such as Alexa that will tell it t run the water, adjust the temperature r release scents.
77. What is the MyQ Pet Prtal based n?
A. The bluetth technlgy.
B. The lift dr technlgy.
C. The latest rbt technlgy.
D. The vice-cntrlled technlgy.
78. Hw des the pet dg g thrugh the dr?
A. By pushing the dr itself.
B. With a sensr in the cllar.
C. By sending a signal t its wner.
D. With the aut-clse and lck system.
79. Hw is the passage develped?
A. By cmparing data.
B. By analyzing the reasns.
C. By giving typical examples.
D. By presenting varius ideas.
80. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. The revlutin f keeping pets.
B. The advertisement fr sliding drs.
C. The applicatin and prmtin f a smart app.
D. The intrductin t hme intelligent prducts.
（20·21·重庆·二模）Plastic baby bttles shed micrplastics when heated. Shuld yu be wrried abut its side-effects? We still dn’t have enugh evidence f health risks psed by micrplastic cnsumptins by infants r adults.
“The last thing we want t d is unduly alarm parents,” said Jhn Bland, a prfessr at Trinity Cllege Dublin in Ireland and ne f the authrs f the Nature Fd study. While the health effects f micrplastics are still unknwn, parents can significantly reduce their infants’ expsure by adding sme steps t their bttle preparatin rutine, Bland said. He recmmends letting plastic bttles cl cmpletely after sterilizatin(消毒) in ht water, then washing them ut at least three times with water that’s been allwed t cl t rm temperature after being sterilized by biling. Researchers here als fund that plastic tea kettles, plastic instant ndle cups and plastic fd strage cntainers all released similarly high levels f micrplastics when subjected t heat.
As fr what thse micrplastics may be ding in ur bdies, the evidence s far is quite limited and unclear, Schwabl said that pints t a need fr mre research int micrplastics released frm plastic fd strage cntainers, especially when they are subjected t higher temperatures. He nted sme research has fund micrplastics can cause inflammatin(发炎) in the rgans, while ther studies “shw they d nt harm.” “The threshld at which they cause prblems has nt been determined fr humans,” Schwabl said. Fr nw, Schwabl agrees we shuldn’t panic. He’s aviding plastic cntainers in his daily life – “nt s much that I am afraid f the ingestin, but I think thereby I may be cntributing t reducing the amunt f plastic waste” that makes its way int the envirnment.
At the mment, there is n need t be afraid, but it is an pen questin and definitely an unmet need.
81. What des the underlined wrd “unduly” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prperly.B. Extremely.C. Obviusly.D. Specially.
82. Which factr cunts in the release f micrplastics?
A. Temperature.B. Prducts.C. Time.D. Cntainers.
83. What’s the Schwabl’s attitude twards micrplastics?
A. Panic.B. Caring.C. Indifference.D. Critical.
84. Hw is the passage develped?
A. By prviding the examples.B. By reasning the readers.
C. By analyzing the figures.D. By cmparing the findings.