专题12 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“猜测词义1”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版

这是一份专题12 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“猜测词义1”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版，共31页。

【近年高考考情】
1.（2023•新高考I卷•C篇）29题
2.（2023•新高考II卷•C篇）30题
3.（2023•全国甲卷•B篇）24题
4.（2023•全国乙卷•B篇）24题
5.（2023•浙江1月卷•B篇）24题
6.（2023•浙江1月卷•B篇）29题
7.（2022•新高考I卷•C篇）30题
8.（2022•新高考II卷•C篇）30题
9.（2022•全国甲卷•B篇）28题
10.（2021•新高考I卷•C篇）30题
11.（2021•新高考II卷•C篇）30题
12.（2021•全国甲卷•B篇）29题
13.（2021•全国乙卷•B篇）25题
【解题实用技法】
一、设问方式
1. What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
2. What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
二、实用妙招
在阅读理解中，通常通过信息指代类的题目考查考生对于上下文衔接关系以及文章基本结构的把握。信息指代类题目在高考英语中有两种:名词(短语)指代题和代词指代题。本专题我们就如何解答名词(短语)指代题进行相关技巧的点拨。
解答名词(短语)指代题时，可以按照如下步骤进行:
1.定位：返回原文，找出名词(短语)所在句;
2.代入：将四个选项代入该名词(短语)，看意思是否通顺;
3.匹配：联系上下文，读懂相关句子的含义，进一步分析四个选项，选出符合上下文语境的最佳答案。
二、思维导图
1.利用释义法猜词
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
考例1（2022•全国乙卷•C篇29题）
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety. B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. inspectin and repair. D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
解析：“including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspectin and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。故选C。
2.利用构词法猜词
英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。
考例2（2016•全国II卷•B篇27题）
27. What des the underlined wrd “dwnside” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
原文：Encuraging this kind f thinking has a dwnside. I ran the risk f lsing thse students wh had a different style f thinking. Withut fail ne wuld declare, “But I’m just nt creative.”
解析：dwnside是由“dwn（向下）+ side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险”。因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项。
3.利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意义。因果关系的语境通常由because, s, thus, therefre, as a result f, s that, 等标志词体现。
考例3（2019•全国II卷•B篇25题）
25. What des the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encurage team wrk. B. Appeal t feeling.
C. Prmte gd deeds. D. Prvide advice.
原文：I guess that there’s prbably sme demanding wrk schedule, r scial anxiety arund stepping up t help fr an unknwn sprt. She may just need a little persuading. S I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mentin the single parent with fur kids running the shw and I talk abut the dad caching a team that his kids aren’t even n … At this pint the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll d it.”
【解析】由逻辑词“s”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。画线部分的前一句提到“她可能需要有人劝说一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思。“appeal t feeling”意思是“打动某人，唤起某人的情感”，故选B项。
4.利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead f, n the ther hand, rather than, n the cntrary等。
考例4 （2020•新高考卷Ⅰ•D篇33题）
33. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
原文：Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
解析：利用对比关系猜测词义。根据 “And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份)，it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反，你真正需要避开的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“cntrary t”可知，画线词与heavier peple含义相反。
5.利用语境法解题
有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义句意。
考例5（2022•新高考II卷，B篇24题）
24. What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Prvided shelter fr me. B. Became very clear t me.
C. Tk the pressure ff me. D. Wrked quite well n me.
原文：We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn't even realize it's new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children's bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures—a perfect match fr his age.
解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
6.利用同义关系解题
画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, r, like, as well, similarly, t, als, either等。
考例6（2015•四川卷•D篇44题）
44. What des the underlined wrd “ncturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.
原文：And it is nt just rbins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are als being mre ncturnal.
解析：画线单词前一句说“不是只有知更鸟在人造光下会一直醒着”，而“als（也）”表明这一句与前面表达的意思相近，即“黑鹂和海鸥也更活跃”。“ncturnal”应该是“awake”的近义词，意为“夜间活跃的”，故选A项。
7.利用生活常识解题
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
考例7（2020•江苏卷•C篇61题）
61. The underlined expressin “stmach it” in Paragraph 1 mst prbably means “ _______ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage withut breakfast
C. decide wisely what t eat D. eat whatever is ffered
原文：Fr thse wh can stmach it, wrking ut befre breakfast may be mre beneficial fr health than eating first, accrding t a study f meal timing and physical activity.
解析：此题考查“stmach”的生僻意思。根据生活常识可知，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，所以此处意为“如果可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早饭前去锻炼比吃过早餐后去锻炼好处更多”，故选B项。
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023•新高考I卷•C篇29题）
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
29. What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up.B. Add-n.C. Check-in.D. Take-ver.
29.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
2.（2023•新高考II卷•C篇30题）
In this “bk f bks,” artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses —absrbed in a vlume, deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
30. What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.B. Paint.
C. Seize.D. Transfrm.
30.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures. We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl, with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag, but they recrd mments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate t”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
3.（2023•全国甲卷•B篇24题）
Terri Bltn is a dab hand when it cmes t DIY (d-it-yurself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself.
24. Which is clsest in meaning t “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist.B. A winner.C. A specialist.D. A pineer.
24.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing tgether furniture, she never pays smene else t d a jb she can d herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Bltnis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
4.（2023•全国乙卷•B篇24题）
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
34. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice. D. Sciety.
34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文(加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以cnversatin指的是“历史”。故选B。
5.（2023•浙江1月卷•B篇24题）
Live with rmmates? Have friends and family arund yu? Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t jump n that bandwagn.
24. What d the underlined wrds “jump n that bandwagn” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with yu.B. Jin yu in what yu’re ding.
C. Transfrm yur way f living.D. Help yu t make the decisin.
24.词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if yu’re lking t live a mre sustainable lifestyle, nt everyne arund yu will be ready t(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things alng the way thugh, which I hpe yu’ll find encuraging if yu’re ding yur best t figure ut hw yu can make the change in a nt-always-supprtive husehld.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump n that bandwagn与Jin yu in what yu’re ding.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。
6.（2023•浙江1月卷•B篇29题）
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knws what it’s talking abut.”
29. What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Arguments.B. Dubts.C. Errrs.D. Differences.
29.词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make.(尽管Prject Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will n dubt be irned ut(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errrs意思相近，故选C。
7.（2022•新高考I卷•C篇30题）
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.”
30. What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Imprve.B. Oppse.C. Begin.D. Evaluate.
30. C。词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“ne f the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilsn是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
8.（2022•新高考II卷•C篇30题）
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
30. D。词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，smething是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故smething指代的是法律。故选D。
9.（2022•全国甲卷•B篇28题）
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28. Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things.B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lst memries.D. Stick t a prmise.
28. A。词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Thrughut her career(职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
10.（2021•新高考I卷•C篇30题）
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat (栖息地).
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.C. Destry.D. Distribute.
29．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces.(美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年的探险家和定居者就decimate这些资源的大部分)”可知，前后句形成转折，前一句陈述美洲原住民保护这些宝贵的自然资源，所以后句表示探险家和定居者破坏了这些自然资源，推测划线单词表示“破坏”，与destry同义。故选C。
11.（2021•新高考II卷•C篇30题）
As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd get up t mischief. We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.
25. What d the underlined wrds “get up t mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly.B. Lse their way.C. Sleep sundly.D. Miss their mm.
25.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew mre mbile, we let them mve freely arund the huse during the day, but when we were asleep we had t cntain them in a large rm, therwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd cme dwn in the mrning t find they'd turned the rm upside dwn, and left it lking like a z.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
12.（2021•全国甲卷•B篇29题）
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing .I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆）, I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered —landing tricks, being a gd skater.
29. What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?
A. Be careful!B. Well dne!C. N way!D. Dn't wrry!
29. B。词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。
13.（2021•全国乙卷•B篇25题）
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes accrding t a survey (调查). Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it’s nt really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry.
25. What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.
25. A。词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of thse Australians wh still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“cncede”意为“承认”。
【名校好题强化】片段式
（23·24上·沈阳·期中）The researchers said, “The finding is nt just useful fr the wrld’s gardens, but als fr farms grwing vital crps like rice and wheat. Drught-resistant crps culd help achieve sustainable fd security, which is an issue affecting many parts f the wrld right nw.” They added that ethanl was a useful and simple way t increase fd prductin all ver the wrld in times f drught. “The applicatin f ethanl t plants wuld be a ptent agricultural methd t enhance drught resistance in different plants,” said Mtaki Seki, the study’s lead authr. But, he warned that the ethanl needed t be used reasnably as higher cncentratin f ethanl prevented plants grwing. Seki added, “We will sn begin testing ethanl n plants in real fields.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “ptent” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Effective.B．Basic.C．Fictinal.D．Necessary.
1．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“They added that ethanl was a useful and simple way t increase fd prductin all ver the wrld in times f drught. (他们补充说，在干旱时期，乙醇是增加世界各地粮食产量的一种有用而简单的方法)”以及后文“agricultural methd t enhance drught resistance in varius plants (提高各种植物抗旱性的农业方法)”可推断，在干旱时期，乙醇是增加世界各地粮食产量的一种有用而简单的方法，所以将乙醇应用于植物将是一种有效的农业方法，可以增强各种植物的抗旱性。故画线词意思是“有效的”。故选A。
（23·24上·保定·期中）Despite these examples f decline, ther interactins are increasing. Watching wildlife dcumentaries r interacting with wild animals in videgames is, fr example, mre cmmn than a few years ag. “New ways f digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged r increased in recent years,” says Dr Gladys Barragan-Jasn. “But several frmer studies shw that these vicarius interactins have a lesser effect n ur sense f cnnectin with nature than expsure t nature, such as visiting nature parks.”
2．What des the underlined wrd “vicarius” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Psitive.B．Nvel.C．Indirect.D．Cmplex.
2．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“New ways f digitally interacting with nature have certainly emerged r increased in recent years(近年来，与大自然进行数字互动的新方式无疑已经出现或增加)”和划线单词所在句子“But several frmer studies shw that these vicarius interactins have a lesser effect n ur sense f cnnectin with nature than expsure t nature, such as visiting nature parks.(但是一些以前的研究表明，这些vicarius互动对我们与自然的联系的影响要小于接触自然的影响，例如参观自然公园。)”可知，我们参观自然，这是与自然的直接互动，这种互动对自然的影响要大于与大自然进行数字互动的新方式，因为与大自然进行数字互动的新方式是间接接触自然，并不是直接接触自然，由此可知，划线单词vicarius意为“间接的”，与C项“Indirect.(间接的)”意思一致，其他选项A. Psitive.积极的；B. Nvel.新颖的；D. Cmplex复杂的。均不符合语境，故选C。
（22·23上·济宁·期中）Many f the wrld’s aquifers already seem t be drying up. Twenty-ne f the earth’s 37 biggest aquifers are becming smaller, satellite data shw. The mst dried-ut aquifers are near big cities, farms, r dry regins. As grundwater stres dwindle, they hld less water t refill rivers and streams, thus threatening freshwater ecsystems. In Califrnia, drying up the grund may even be causing small earthquakes.
3．What des the underlined wrd “dwindle” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Decrease.B．Develp.C．Frm.D．Crss.
3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后的“they hld less water t refill rivers and streams, thus threatening freshwater ecsystems. (它们能补充河流和溪流的水也越来越少，从而威胁到淡水生态系统。)”可知，由于补充河流和溪流的水减少，造成了淡水生态系统的破坏，结合单词所在的句子“As grundwater stres…(随着地下水……)”可知，they指代的是“地下水”，所以，补充河流和溪流水的应该是地下水，由此可知，划线单词所在句子的意思应为“随着地下水的减少”而造成了补充河流和溪流的水也越来越少，所以划线单词的意思与“减少”意义相近。故选A项。
（23·24上·河南·期中）Supprters f lab-grwn meat say it des nt require killing r hurting animals. They als say it helps diminish and ease the effects that feeding animals and animal waste have n the envirnment. But Martin said that if t little is prduced, and nly a small number f peple eat it, it will have little effect n the envirnment.
4．What des the underlined wrd “diminish” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Cnserve.B．Anticipate.C．Tackle.D．Decrease.
4．词句猜测题。根据后文“and ease the effects that feeding animals and animal waste have n the envirnment. (并减轻饲养动物和动物粪便对环境的影响)”中的and ease可知，划线单词和ease并列，意思相近，应是“减少”之意。故选D项。
（23·24上·全国·期中）Let’s fast frward a year. Yu have been in yur psitin nw fr ne year, and yu are wrking with the same team. Yu are nticing that yur clleagues cntinue asking fr yur help ver and ver again. In fact, the nly time they cmmunicate with yu is when they need smething. Yu have been s helpful t yur clleagues and there has rarely been any return frm them.
In a very brad sense, it is advantageus t be kind t thers, and yur kind acts will be appreciated and, perhaps, paid frward. Hwever, yu need t be willing t say “n”. Recgnize when yur plate is already t full. When peple ask yu a favr, assess if yu have the time, energy, and attentin t give t them. T truly be kind, smetimes yu need t be mre cmfrtable saying “n” t thers and saying “yes” t yurself.
5．What des the underlined part in the last paragraph mean?
A．When yu’re t full t eat anything.
B．When yur kind acts get appreciated.
C．When yu shuld ask thers a favr.
D．When yu’re physically and mentally tired.
5．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“When peple ask yu a favr, assess if yu have the time, energy, and attentin t give t them. T truly be kind, smetimes yu need t be mre cmfrtable saying “n” t thers and saying “yes” t yurself.(当人们要求你帮忙时，评估你是否有时间、精力和注意力给他们。要真正善良，有时你需要更自在地对别人说“不”，对自己说“是”)”可知，在决定是否帮助别人时，要看自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，以此推测划线句子指的是：要意识到自己是否有时间、精力和注意力，即要意识到自己是否身心疲惫。故选D项。
（23·24上·上海·阶段练习）The real cncern, then, is nt that we weight t much, but that we neither exercise enugh nr eat well. Exercise is necessary fr strng bnes and bth heart and lung health. A balanced diet withut a lt f fat can als help the bdy avid many diseases. We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style. Thinness can be pure vainglry.
6．What des the underlined wrd “vainglry” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Great hnur.B．Outdated cncept.C．Self-relianceD．Excessive pride.
6．词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前的“We shuld surely stp paying s much attentin t weight. Simply being thin is nt enugh. It is actually hazardus if thse wh get (r already are) thin think they are autmatically healthy and thus free frm paying attentin t their verall life-style.(我们当然不应该再那么关注体重了。仅仅瘦是不够的。如果那些变瘦——或已经变瘦——的人认为自己会自动变健康，从而不关注自己的整体生活方式，这实际上是危险的。)”可知，我们不应该过多关注体重，变瘦并不意味着变健康，如果不关注自己整体的生活方式，这实际上会很危险，由此可推测出，画线词所在句表达的是“瘦可能纯粹是一种虚荣”，这里是对前文只关注瘦而不关注整体生活方式这种片面行为的评价。vainglry意为“自负，极度的虚荣心”，与D项意思最接近。故选D。
（23·24上·重庆·阶段练习）Anther institutin funded by the Natinal Science Fundatin will analyze hundreds f simulatins (模拟) f aersl injectin, testing the effects n weather extremes arund the wrld. One gal f the research is t lk fr a sweet spt: the amunt f artificial cling that can reduce extreme weather events withut causing brader changes in reginal rainfall patterns r similar impacts.
7．What des the underlined wrds “a sweet spt” in the last paragraph mean?
A．The rainfall pattern f a regin.B．The mdest drp in temperature.
C．The injectin amunt f aersl.D．The number f extreme weather events.
7．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“the amunt f artificial cling that can reduce extreme weather events withut causing brader changes in reginal rainfall patterns r similar impacts.(可以减少极端天气事件的人工降温量，而不会导致区域降雨模式的更广泛变化或类似影响。)”可推理出，划线部分表达的含义为适度降低气温，故选B项。
（23·24上·乐山·开学考试）Albert Einstein nce said, “Life is like riding a bicycle. T keep yur balance, yu must keep mving.” In my case, it’s the ther way arund. In rder t keep mving, I must keep my balance—the balance between studies and activities, efficiency and prcrastinatin (拖延症), academics and health, passins and dislikes. The new jurney is ging t be a hard ne, but if I set these gals, I believe I will make it thrugh t the end.
8．What des the underlined sentence “it’s the ther way arund” in the last paragraph mean?
A．It is the ppsite.B．It is difficult.
C．It is necessary.D．It is helpful.
8．词句猜测题。根据前文“Albert Einstein nce said, “Life is like riding a bicycle. T keep yur balance, yu must keep mving.”(爱因斯坦曾经说过：“生活就像骑自行车。为了保持平衡，你必须不停地移动。”)”以及后文“In rder t keep mving, I must keep my balance—the balance between studies and activities, efficiency and prcrastinatin (拖延症), academics and health, passins and dislikes.(为了保持运动，我必须保持平衡——学习与活动、效率与拖延、学业与健康、爱好与厌恶之间的平衡)”可知，前后文的意思相反，所以划线部分“it’s the ther way arund”应是“正好相反”之意，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
【名校好题强化】语篇式
（23·24上·江苏·模拟预测）On an extremely cld December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little twn f Mantn, Michigan and sht t Chittle’s hme. Was it because f a fire r a child climbing t high t a dangerus place? Rather, it was fr helping make a dream cme true.
Outdr activities and a slw pace f life are a mainstay in this rural twn. When peple were unable t leave the cmmunity, Sctt Chittle decided they needed a safe place t cme tgether and smething jyful during the winter mnths. And what is a better utdr activity t get peple utside than ice skating?
T fulfil his dream, Chittle dwnladed instructins n hw t build an ice rink and then rdered a 3,000 square ft waterprf clth and sme wd t create walls nline. It tk 12 fire trucks t get enugh water t fill the plt.
It tk a little time and sme neighbrly persuasin as Chittle went dr t dr t cnvince peple t cme t see his creatin, and sn Chittle’s backyard ice rink became a Mantn ht spt. Children were skating and shting, a fire was burning, and ht chclate was steaming in t-g cups. “When things were tugh, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbr Audrey Hker. “It was fantastic because we just came tgether and became calm and happy instead f cncerned.”
But the gdwill didn’t stp with Chittle. When the cmmunity heard hw much mney he used t make this prject happen, everyne stepped frward. A fundraiser brught in abut $1,300, and letters flded t Chittle’s hme stuffed with cash. “Almst 30 cmplete strangers kncked n my dr t just shake my hand and say thank yu, mst f them handing me mney as well and three asking fr a hug,” says Chittle. “This has been a cmmunity thing. It’s mre than me. I want t shw the rest f the wrld what a little effrt and the best intentins can d.”
9．Why did fire trucks cme t Mantn?
A．T deal with an emergency.B．T send water t the cmmunity.
C．T ensure peple’s safety in the twn.D．T help with Chittle building the ice rink.
10．What did Chittle d t carry ut his prject?
A．Persuade his neighbrs t make dnatins.B．Purchase a piece f land behind his huse.
C．Turn t the Internet fr tips and materials.D．Research the ppular lifestyles in Mantn.
11．Hw did the ice rink affect the cmmunity?
A．It made the cmmunity ppular in Mantan.B．It slwed dwn the pace f the residents’ life.
C．It ffered peple there cmfrt and cmpany.D．It inspired the residents t d utdr activities.
12．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．Everyne culd make a difference t sciety.B．Chittle received acts f kindness frm thers.
C．The cmmunity gt better due t the ice rink.D．Chittle had gdwill t the whle cmmunity.
【答案】9．D 10．C 11．C 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了由于活动限制，Sct Chittle在社区建造了溜冰场，以供社区居民进行户外活动。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On an extremely cld December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little twn f Mantn, Michigan and sht t Chittle’s hme.(在12月的一个寒冷的晚上，消防车到达了密歇根州沉睡的曼顿小镇，冲向了Chittle的家)”、第二段“And what is a better utdr activity t get peple utside than ice skating?(还有什么比滑冰更能让人们出门的户外活动呢)”和第三段“It tk 12 fire trucks t get enugh water t fill the plt.(12辆消防车才运来足够的水)”可知，在12月的一个晚上，消防车赶往Mantn，是为了帮助Chittle修建溜冰场。故选D。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“T fulfil his dream, Chittle dwnladed instructins n hw t build an ice rink and then rdered a 3,000 square ft waterprf clth and sme wd t create walls nline.(为了实现他的梦想，Chittle下载了如何建造溜冰场的说明，然后在网上订购了3000平方英尺的防水布和一些木头来建造墙壁)”可知，为了实现建溜冰场这一梦想，Chittle在网上下载了建造教程并购买了所需材料。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““When things were tugh, it was a place,” says Chittle’s neighbr Audrey Hker. “It was fantastic because we just came tgether and became calm and happy instead f cncerned.”(Chittle的邻居Audrey Hker说道：“当情况艰难时，是这个地方，它太棒了，因为我们聚在一起，变得平静和快乐，而不是担心。”)”可知，在形势艰难的时候，Chittle建的溜冰场成了一个让人们可以聚在一起，感到平静和快乐，而不是担心的地方。由此可推断，Chittle建的溜冰场带给社区居民慰藉和陪伴。故选C。
12．词句猜测题。结合上文提到的Chittle为社区建溜冰场和划线句的后文内容“When the cmmunity heard hw much mney he used t make this prject happen, everyne stepped frward. A fundraiser brught in abut $1,300, and letters flded t Chittle’s hme stuffed with cash.(当社区听说他花了多少钱来实现这个项目时，每个人都挺身而出。一场筹款活动带来了大约1300美元的收入，人们给Chittle家里寄去了装满现金的信件)”可知，划线部分表示善意并没有在Chittle这里终止，同时Chittle也收到其他人的善意。故选B。
（23·24上·长春·阶段练习）Jse Albert Gutierrez’s life wuld never be the same again after finding a cpy f Anna Karenina by Le Tlsty in the garbage 20 years ag. It happened while he was driving his garbage truck thrugh wealthier neighbrhds at night and seeing deserted bks. It sparked his desire t start rescuing bks frm the garbage. He tk hme between 50 and 60 bks every mrning after his nine-hur shift. Eventually, he turned his bk cllectin int a cmmunity library.
Clmbia’s capital city f Bgta has 13 millin residents and 19 public libraries. Hwever, these libraries tend t be far away frm where rural and prer cmmunities live. The ptin f buying new bks is nn-existent fr families struggling t make ends meet. Having access t a library f bks and being taken away t anther wrld while absrbed in a bk is a luxury fr the kids wh visit Gutierrez’s library.
Gutierrez grew up pr, and his family culd nt affrd t educate him beynd primary schl. Nevertheless, his mther was a keen reader and read stries t him every night. Her lve fr bks left a deep impressin n Gutierrez, wh never let a lack f frmal educatin stp him frm reading classics by the likes f Victr Hug, Mari Vargas Llsa and Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
Tday, his cmmunity library, called “The Strength f Wrds”, ccupies mst f his hme and is piled frm flr t ceiling with fictin and nn-fictin titles. Everything frm schl textbks t stry bks can be fund in his cllectin f mre than 20,000 bks!
The Strength f Wrds library pens every weekend. It is nt just schl-ging children wh are enjying the benefits f The Strength f Wrds library. Adults are als welcme t expand their hrizns and develp new skills t build a better life fr themselves.
Despite having dne s much fr his cmmunity, Gutierrez is nt yet cntent t call it a day. He cntinues t search thrugh bins fr reading material and has even travelled t bk fairs in Mexic and Chile t sell his idea f building library frm unwanted bks.
13．What inspired Gutierrez t build the cmmunity library?
A．The dilemma he faced n the night shift.
B．The hbby he has started since childhd.
C．Famus nvelists he liked very much.
D．Abandned bks he came acrss at wrk.
14．What can we learn abut Gutierrez’s mther?
A．She was brn int a pr family.
B．She bught Gutierrez many bks.
C．She influenced Gutierrez greatly.
D．She enjyed reading Hug’s wrks.
15．What des the underlined phrase “call it a day” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Take the time.
B．Stp the wrk.
C．Make a change.
D．Receive a reward.
16．What des Gutierrez’s stry tell us?
A．A bk hlds a huse f gld.
B．The early bird catches the wrm.
C．Gd things cme t thse wh wait.
D．One man’s trash is anther man’s treasure.
【答案】13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了清洁工Gutierrez将废弃书籍收集起来，创建社区图书馆，为低收入家庭提供阅读机会的故事。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It happened while he was driving his garbage truck thrugh wealthier neighbrhds at night and seeing deserted bks. It sparked his desire t start rescuing bks frm the garbage. He tk hme between 50 and 60 bks every mrning after his nine-hur shift. Eventually, he turned his bk cllectin int a cmmunity library. (这件事发生在他晚上开着垃圾车经过富裕社区，看到了被遗弃的书时。这激发了他开始从垃圾中拯救书籍的愿望。在9小时的轮班后，他每天早上带回家50到60本书。最后，他把自己的藏书变成了一个社区图书馆。)”可知，Gutierrez在工作中偶然发现的废弃书籍启发了他创建社区图书馆。故选D项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Nevertheless, his mther was a keen reader and read stries t him every night. Her lve fr bks left a deep impressin n Gutierrez, wh never let a lack f frmal educatin stp him frm reading classics by the likes f Victr Hug, Mari Vargas Llsa and Gabriel Garcia Marquez. (然而，他的母亲是一个热心的读者，每天晚上读故事给他听。她对书籍的热爱给Gutierrez留下了深刻的印象，他从未让缺乏正规教育阻止他阅读维克多·雨果、马里奥·巴尔加斯·略萨和加布里埃尔·加西亚·马尔克斯等人的经典作品。)”可知，Gutierrez的母亲对书籍的热爱让Gutierrez即使贫困也坚持阅读。由此可知，她对Gutierrez的影响很大。故选C项。
15．词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“Despite having dne s much fr his cmmunity (尽管他为他的社区做了这么多)”及后文“He cntinues t search thrugh bins fr reading material and has even travelled t bk fairs in Mexic and Chile t sell his idea f building library frm unwanted bks. (他继续在垃圾箱里寻找阅读材料，甚至前往墨西哥和智利的书展，推广他用废弃书籍建造图书馆的想法。)”可知，Gutierrez并没有停下从垃圾箱里找书籍的目标，甚至还想推广自己的想法，因此，call it a day与stp the wrk意思相近，意为“停止工作”。故选B项。
16．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中的“It sparked his desire t start rescuing bks frm the garbage. He tk hme between 50 and 60 bks every mrning after his nine-hur shift. Eventually, he turned his bk cllectin int a cmmunity library. (这激发了他开始从垃圾中拯救书籍的愿望。在9小时的轮班后，他每天早上带回家50到60本书。最后，他把自己的藏书变成了一个社区图书馆。)”可知，本文讲述了Gutierrez将废弃书籍收集起来，创建社区图书馆，为低收入家庭提供阅读机会的故事。A. 书中自有黄金屋；B. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃；C. 好事多磨；D. 变废为宝。因此，D项最契合文章主题。故选D项。
（22·23上·重庆·阶段练习）Yu’ve likely been unable t avid talk f the metaverse (虚拟空间/元宇宙) in the past few mnths. The term, first cined by sci-fi authr Neal Stephensn in a 1992 nvel, has becme a visin f the future f technlgy in ur lives. And if that is t be believed, it’s where we’ll be living the rest f ur digital lives.
“The metaverse is a further cmbinatin f ur physical and digital lives,” says Cathy Hackl f Futures Intelligence Grup. Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed thrugh virtual reality gggles (眼镜), adding elements f the digital n tp f ur day-t-day lives. Yu culd attend cncerts and cnferences in the metaverse, staged in a 3D digital representatin f a nightclub r cnference center. Elsewhere, yu’ll shp fr shes in a virtual Nike stre r rder fd in a virtual McDnald’s and have it delivered t yur real-wrld hme.
“It’s the future f the Internet. But it’s als abut further cnnectivity,” says Hackl. S far, mst f the attentin arund the metaverse has been fcused n the cmpany frmerly knwn as Facebk, which rebranded last year as Meta in an indicatin f hw strngly it believes in the future f the metaverse. Funder Mark Zuckerberg wants a billin f us t live, wrk, and play in the metaverse by 2030.
But Hackl warns peple nt t view the scial media giant as the center f the metaverse. “It’s nt just ne cmpany,” she says. “N single cmpany can build it, either.” It’s als nt enabled by a single technlgy, even thugh right nw the way t “enter” the metaverse is t wear a pair f virtual reality gggles. While the early running may be made by Meta, the mmentum (势头) will be picked up by thers. And just because we have an idea f what the metaverse will lk like nw, it desn’t mean that’s what it’ll end up as, Hackl warns. “The way I explain it is we’re in a high-speed train, destinatin metaverse,” she says. “We dn’t knw the stps, but we kind f knw where we’re heading.”
17．What is the metaverse accrding t the passage?
A．It is just a wrd frm a sci-fi nvel.
B．It is a 3D virtual space that can cnnect future life.
C．It is where we’ll be living the rest f ur digital lives.
D．It is a virtual wrld that interacts with the real wrld thrugh VR gggles.
18．Why des the writer mentin cncerts and cnference in paragraph 2?
A．T intrduce hw the metaverse wrks.
B．T recmmend a new way f enjying life in the future.
C．T tell readers what his life will be like in the metaverse.
D．T prvide examples f hw physical and digital lives cmbine.
19．What can we knw abut Meta frm the passage?
A．It is the centre f the metaverse.
B．It is a scial media giant like Facebk.
C．It seems t take a leading part in the field f the metaverse.
D．It believes all f us culd live, wrk and play in the metaverse by 2030.
20．What des the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．We wn’t stp until we realize the metaverse.
B．It matters wh will be in charge f the building f the metaverse.
C．Hackl is nt familiar with the train she tk but knws where t get ff.
D．Thugh nt knwing the prcess, Hackl is sure abut the bright future f the metaverse.
【答案】17．D 18．D 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了什么是元宇宙，以及对我们生活会有哪些改变，以及目前发展的最好的公司是谁，以及对未来的展望。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed thrugh virtual reality gggles, adding elements f the digital n tp f ur day-t-day lives.(简而言之，虚拟世界是一个可以通过虚拟现实眼镜进入的3D虚拟空间，在我们的日常生活中添加了数字元素)”可知，元宇宙是一个通过VR眼镜与现实世界互动的虚拟世界。故选D项。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The metaverse is a further cmbinatin f ur physical and digital lives”(元宇宙是我们实体生活和数字生活的进一步结合)和“Put plainly, the metaverse is a 3D virtual space that can be accessed thrugh virtual reality gggles, adding elements f the digital n tp f ur day-t-day lives. Yu culd attend cncerts and cnferences in the metaverse, staged in a 3D digital representatin f a nightclub r cnference center. Elsewhere, yu’ll shp fr shes in a virtual Nike stre r rder fd in a virtual McDnald’s and have it delivered t yur real-wrld hme.(简而言之，虚拟世界是一个可以通过虚拟现实眼镜进入的3D虚拟空间，在我们的日常生活中添加了数字元素。你可以在虚拟世界里参加音乐会和会议，在三维数字形式的夜总会或会议中心举行。在其他地方，你可以在虚拟的耐克商店购买鞋子，或者在虚拟的麦当劳订购食物，然后把食物送到你现实世界的家里)”可推知，作者提到音乐会和会议是为了提供实体生活和数字生活如何结合的例子。故选D项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But Hackl warns peple nt t view the scial media giant as the center f the metaverse. “It’s nt just ne cmpany,” she says. “N single cmpany can build it, either.” It’s als nt enabled by a single technlgy, even thugh right nw the way t “enter” the metaverse is t wear a pair f virtual reality gggles. While the early running may be made by Meta, the mmentum will be picked up by thers.(但哈克警告人们不要将这家社交媒体巨头视为虚拟世界的中心。“不只是一家公司，”她说。“也没有一家公司可以单独建造它。”它也不是由单一技术实现的，即使现在“进入”虚拟世界的方式是戴上一副虚拟现实眼镜。虽然Meta可能会抢先一步，但其他公司也会跟进)”可知，Meta可能会抢先一步研究出虚拟现实眼镜，可推知，它似乎在元宇宙领域占据领导地位。故选C项。
20．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“And just because we have an idea f what the metaverse will lk like nw, it desn’t mean that’s what it’ll end up as, Hackl warns. “The way I explain it is we’re in a high-speed train, destinatin metaverse,” she says.(哈克警告说，仅仅因为我们知道现在的元宇宙是什么样子，并不意味着它最终会是什么样子。她说:“我的解释是，我们是在一列高速列车上，目的地是元宇宙。”)”可推知，最后一段带下划线的句子是虽然不知道这个过程，但Hackl对超宇宙的光明未来充满信心。故选D项。
（22·23·盐城·三模）In this age f screens, smartphnes, virtual assistants and vice-enabled speakers, we cnstantly receive visual and auditry (听觉的) suggestins f things t d, prducts t buy, and media t cnsume. Yet are all these messages created equal? Accrding t a research, the answer is n.
In the spring f 2018, Mariadassu and Bechler, bth graduate students f Business, were sitting in a seminar (研讨会), in which they were studying hw different types f messages affect decisin-making. They learned that peple generally perceive smene as mre intelligent when they cnvey spken infrmatin rather than delivering the same message in writing.
As they chatted after class, Mariadassu recalls, “We wndered, ‘What wuld happen if yu apply this t recmmendatins?’” They believed there is “a general perceptin that peple act n auditry and visual infrmatin the same way” and wanted t explre this assumptin.
Mariadassu, wh is pursuing her PhD in marketing, with Bechler, nw a prfessr at the University f Ntre Dame’s Mendza Cllege f Business, ran a series f studies where the same infrmatin was presented t participants in different frms, including cmputer-generated audi that sunded like a smart speaker.
The researchers were surprised that auditry recmmendatins fr prducts like beer were mre influential than textual nes. “In thery, this shuldn’t prduce any difference in behavir,” Mariadassu writes in an email. “Hearing that yu shuld drink the pale beer r reading that yu shuld drink the pale beer is really ne and the same. The fact that it leads t psychlgically different experiences that are significant enugh t lead t a change in behavir is nt smething yu wuld expect.”
The effect was small but strng enugh t demnstrate a “cnsistent effect f auditry pwer”, Mariadassu says. She believes the pwer f auditry infrmatin has t d with itsephemeralnature —“it seems like there’s this srt f fundamental need t act n infrmatin that’s ging away,” she says. Bechler agrees: “When smething disappears, it creates a kind f urgency t respnd.”
21．Why did Mariadassu and Bechler cnduct the studies?
A．T apply what they learned int real life.
B．T find ut what peple are mre intelligent.
C．T explre the reasns behind peple’s different behavirs.
D．T test if different types f messages affect recmmendatins.
22．What des paragraph 5 tell us?
A．The findings f the research.
B．The thery behind the research.
C．The applicatin f the research results.
D．The explanatin f the research prcess.
23．What des the underlined wrd “ephemeral” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Uncertain.B．Temprary.C．Selective.D．Randm.
24．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．Effect f Auditry Pwer Has Been Lng Neglected
B．Peple Act n Auditry and Visual Infrmatin Equally
C．Effective Recmmendatins Are Better Heard Than Seen
D．Decisin-making Has Little t D With Types f Messages
【答案】21．D 22．A 23．B 24．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究表明提供推荐时，听觉信息比视觉信息更有影响力。
21．推理判断题。根据第三段中“What wuld happen if yu apply this t recmmendatins? (如果你把这应用到提供推荐中会发生什么？)”和“They believed there is “a general perceptin that peple act n auditry and visual infrmatin the same way” and wanted t explre this assumptin.(他们相信“人们对听觉和视觉信息的反应方式是相同的”，并希望探索这一假设)”可推知，Mariadassu和Bechler的研究目的是测试不同类型的信息是否会影响提供推荐。故选D项。
22．主旨大意题。根据第五段中“The researchers were surprised that auditry recmmendatins fr prducts like beer were mre influential than textual nes. (研究人员感到惊讶的是，对啤酒等产品的听觉推荐比文本推荐更有影响力)”可知，本段告诉我们研究的结果。故选A项。
23．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“it seems like there’s this srt f fundamental need t act n infrmatin that’s ging away.(似乎有一种对即将消失的信息采取行动的基本需求)”可知，信息即将消失，持续的时间很短。由此推知，划线部分“She believes the pwer f auditry infrmatin has t d with itsephemeralnature(她认为听觉信息的力量与其ephemeral本性有关)”其中划线词汇应为“短暂的”的意思。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Yet are all these messages created equal? Accrding t a research, the answer is n. (然而，所有这些信息都是平等的吗？根据一项研究，答案是否定的)”以及第五段中“The researchers were surprised that auditry recmmendatins fr prducts like beer were mre influential than textual nes. (研究人员惊讶地发现，对啤酒等产品的听觉推荐比文字推荐更有影响力)”可知，本文介绍一项研究，研究表明提供推荐时，听觉信息比视觉信息更有影响力。由此可知，选项C“有效的推荐听起来比看起来更好”适合作本文标题。故选C项。
（22·23·江西·二模）Next time yu’re having truble slving a tricky puzzle, cnsider asking a nearby bumblebee. A new study in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy finds that these humble insects can actually learn t slve puzzles frm ne anther, suggesting that even sme invertebrates(无脊椎动物) have a capacity fr what we humans call “culture.”
“Nbdy’s really thught that invertebrates like bumblebees shw evidence f culture,” says Alice Bridges, an eclgist at Anglia Ruskin University. “Peple assume that they’re mstly driven by inbrn factrs.” Bridges set ut t prve them wrng. T study culture in bumblebees, she first drilled sme bees t slve puzzle bxes. She trained sme bees t head-butt the red switch t get the sugar water and trained thers t push the blue switch. Then, Bridges placed these tutr bees int different clnies, alng with the puzzle bxes.
It wasn’t all fun and games: Bridges gt stung multiple times and the furth sting sent her t the hspital. Bridges persevered, hwever, and the experiment ultimately played itself ut. In clnies where the tutr bee had learned t push the red switch, the ther bees usually pushed the red switch. In clnies where the tutr bee was trained t push the blue switch, their fellw bees tended t d the same. In the cntrl clnies where there were n tutrs, the bees smetimes learned hw t pen the bxes, but never as efficiently r reliably.
The cnclusin, Bridges and her clleagues reprt in their new study tday, is that bumblebees can transmit certain behavirs—culturally. “Maybe culture isn’t that unusual,” she says. “Maybe it’s nt sme pinnacle(顶峰) f cgnitin that nly a few species have.”
“Many f us cnsider urselves special because we have culture and we can learn,” says Jessica Ware, an entmlgist. “The truth is that all we have fund abut animal culture means that human culture, nce thught unique, did nt appear ‘ut f the blue’ but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary(进化的) fundatins.”
25．Hw did the bumblebees get the sugar water frm the puzzle bxes?
A．By pressing a buttn.B．By slving wrd puzzles.
C．By bursting pen the bxes.D．By turning the bxes upside dwn.
26．What can be inferred abut the experiment?
A．It cntradicts the frmer research.B．It shws that culture is unique t humans.
C．It has received wide recgnitin.D．It has brught Bridges much truble.
27．What des the underlined phrase “ut f the blue” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Slwly.B．Suddenly.C．Endlessly.D．Regularly.
28．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Can Insects Have Culture?
B．Can New Culture Be Created?
C．Hw D Bumblebees Tutr Peers?
D．Hw Will Invertebrate Study Be Expanded?
【答案】25．A 26．D 27．B 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明不起眼的昆虫实际上可以相互学习解决难题，也就是说一些无脊椎动物也有我们人类所谓的“文化”能力。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“T study culture in bumblebees, she first drilled sme bees t slve puzzle bxes. She trained sme bees t head-butt the red switch t get the sugar water and trained thers t push the blue switch.(为了研究大黄蜂的文化，她首先训练一些蜜蜂来解决谜题盒子。她训练一些蜜蜂用头撞红色开关来获得糖水，训练其他蜜蜂按蓝色开关。)”可知，蜜蜂可以通过撞开关来获得糖水。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“It wasn’t all fun and games: Bridges gt stung multiple times and the furth sting sent her t the hspital.(这并不都是乐趣和游戏：Bridges被叮了好几次，第四次被叮把她送进了医院。)”可知，实验给Bridges带来了一些麻烦。故选D。
27．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary(进化的) fundatins.(而是显然建立在深刻的进化基础之上的)”中的“but”可知此处是结构，意为“不是……而是……”，下文说的是文化是进化而来的，即不是突然出现的，由此可判断，划线单词指的是“突然出现”。选项A“Slwly (缓慢地)”；选项B“Suddenly (突然)”；选项C“Endlessly (不断地)”；选项D“Regularly (有规律地)”。故选B。
28．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A new study in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy finds that these humble insects can actually learn t slve puzzles frm ne anther, suggesting that even sme invertebrates(无脊椎动物) have a capacity fr what we humans call “culture.”(发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》杂志上的一项新研究发现，这些不起眼的昆虫实际上可以相互学习解决难题，这表明即使是一些无脊椎动物也有我们人类所谓的“文化”能力。)”以及最后一段“The truth is that all we have fund abut animal culture means that human culture, nce thught unique, did nt appear ‘ut f the blue’ but has bviusly built n deep evlutinary(进化的) fundatins.(事实是，我们对动物文化的所有发现都意味着，曾经被认为独一无二的人类文化并不是“突然出现”的，而是显然建立在深刻的进化基础之上的。)”可知，文章主要介绍的是昆虫也是有文化的。所以“Can Insects Have Culture?( 昆虫能有文化吗？)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选A。
（22·23下·河南·阶段练习）Michael Baker at the University f Trnt and Kevin Milligan at the University f British Clumbia recently analyzed survey data f parents in three cuntries — the United States, Canada and Britain. They were especially interested t see hw parents say they spend time with their children, and they turned up an interesting gender difference in what they called “teaching activities” such as teaching them the alphabet r numbers, reading with the children.
The finding surprised them because at least in a ppular view, parents suppsedly spend mre time with bys than girls. And Baker says that perceptin des tend t hld true fr lder children’s fathers tend t spend mre time with bys nce they are lder than age 4 r 5. When children are smaller, Baker says, parents spend abut the same ttal time with bys as they d with girls.
The ecnmists fcused their analysis n first-brn children in rder t see the difference clearly, fr it wuld muddy the waters t cmpare parents caring fr an nly child with parents caring fr their secnd r third child, Baker says. But they did find that the difference als shws up clearly amng twins (a by and a girl). Here again, the parents surveyed seemed t devte mre time t girls when it came t cgnitive (认知的) activities.
The big questin, f curse, is why these differences cme abut. Milligan says parents may be fllwing cultural cncepts and uncnscius biases (偏见) that suggest they shuld read with their daughters and have active play with sns.
It is als pssible, Baker says, that the csts f investing in cgnitive activities is different when it cmes t bys and girls. As an ecnmist, he isn’t referring t cst in the sense f cash; he means cst in the sense f effrt. “It is just mre cstly t prvide a unit f reading t a by than t a girl because the by desn’t sit still, yu knw, desn’t pay attentin,” he says, “these srts f thing.”
29．What did Baker and Milligan find?
A．Parents spend mre time with girls.
B．Fathers spend mre time with bys.
C．Parents d mre cgnitive activities with girls.
D．Parents are suppsed t read mre with bys.
30．What des the underlined phrase “muddy the waters” in the third paragraph mean?
A．Cause the waters t becme dirty.B．Make things mre cmplex.
C．Waste lts f time and effrts.D．Imprve accuracy f the results.
31．What d paragraphs 4-5 mainly fcus n?
A．Passible reasns fr the differences.
B．Cultural beliefs that parents ften hld.
C．Activities parents have with their children.
D．Different activities with parents between bys and girls.
32．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．Bys and Girls Are Quite Different
B．Parents Need t Adpt Different Teaching Methds
C．Girls May Get Mre Teaching Time frm Parents
D．Bys May Require Mre Attentin frm Parents
【答案】29．C 30．B 31．A 32．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现父母会投入更多的时间用于女孩的认知活动教育，并分析了原因。
29．细节理解题。根据文章的第一段“They were especially interested t see hw parents say they spend time with their children, and they turned up an interesting gender difference in what they called “teaching activities” such as teaching them the alphabet r numbers, reading with the children.”（他们特别感兴趣的是了解父母如何与孩子共度时光，他们在所谓的“教学活动”中发现了一个有趣的性别差异，比如教他们字母表或数字，和孩子一起阅读）和第三段的最后一句“Here again, the parents surveyed seemed t devte mre time t girls when it came t cgnitive (认知的) activities.”（同样，在认知活动方面，接受调查的父母似乎在女孩身上投入了更多的时间）可知，父母会投入更多的时间用于女孩的认知活动教育。故选C。
30．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“The ecnmists fcused their analysis n first-brn children in rder t see the difference clearly, fr it wuld muddy the waters t cmpare parents caring fr an nly child with parents caring fr their secnd r third child, Baker says.”（贝克说，为了清楚地看到差异，经济学家们把分析重点放在头胎上，因为把照顾独生子女的父母与照顾二胎或三胎的父母进行比较，会muddy the waters）中连词“fr（因为）”可知，“it wuld muddy the waters”是经济学家们把分析重点放在头胎上的原因，由推知，把照顾独生子女的父母与照顾二胎或三胎的父母进行比较会“把事情弄得更复杂”，所以划线短语的的意思是“把事情弄得更复杂”，与“make things mre cmplex.”意思相近。故选B。
31．主旨大意题。根据承上启下的第四段“The big questin, f curse, is why these differences cme abut. Milligan says parents may be fllwing cultural cncepts and uncnscius biases (偏见) that suggest they shuld read with their daughters and have active play with sns.”（当然，最大的问题是为什么会出现这些差异。Milligan说，父母可能遵循文化观念和无意识的偏见，认为他们应该和女儿一起阅读，和儿子一起积极玩耍）和第五段“It is als pssible, Baker says, that the csts f investing in cgnitive activities is different when it cmes t bys and girls. As an ecnmist, he isn’t referring t cst in the sense f cash; he means cst in the sense f effrt. ”（贝克说，对男孩和女孩来说，在认知活动上的投资成本也可能是不同的。作为一名经济学家，他所指的成本并不是现金；他指的是付出的代价）可知，这两段主要是在探讨造成这种差异的原因。故选A。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“They were especially interested t see hw parents say they spend time with their children, and they turned up an interesting gender difference in what they called “teaching activities” such as teaching them the alphabet r numbers, reading with the children.”（他们特别感兴趣的是了解父母如何与孩子共度时光，他们在所谓的“教学活动”中发现了一个有趣的性别差异，比如教他们字母表或数字，和孩子一起阅读）、第三段的最后一句“Here again, the parents surveyed seemed t devte mre time t girls when it came t cgnitive (认知的) activities.”（同样，在认知活动方面，接受调查的父母似乎在女孩身上投入了更多的时间）和第四、第五段分析原因可推知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现父母会投入更多的时间用于女孩的认知活动教育，并分析了原因，所以“Girls May Get Mre Teaching Time frm Parents”（女孩可能会从父母那里得到更多的教育时间）是最佳标题。故选C。
（22·23下·河南·期中）A sng called Lnely Warrir (《孤勇者》) is always ringing in my ears. Six years ag, after hsting an annual ceremny fr my schl, I fund that my left leg was a little swllen, and very sn I culd barely walk. In fact, the swllen part became a fist-sized meatball that was s painful that I culd barely sleep. Of curse, I went t a lcal hspital, where I was given very bleak (不乐观的) news-stesarcma, which means bne cancer.
I underwent chemtherapy (化疗) fr the next tw years, and it was the wrst time f my life. Physically, I felt that the side effects f chemtherapy were killing me. I lst all f the hair n my bdy and I became ttally bald. I culd barely eat anything, even if felt hungry. I n lnger needed an alarm clck t wake up in the mrning. Instead, what wke me was my bdy telling me that I needed t vmit (呕吐).
I had n idea where all this treatment wuld leave me, and the dreams I had nce nursed abut the future were entirely wiped ut. I wanted t feel the wrld and experience mre, s I stuck t the curse f treatment. As time went by, hwever, I became weaker and weaker. The side effects nw were far wrse than they had been earlier.
I eventually suggested that the leg be chpped ff, and the dctr said that might be the best thing t d, as lng as I culd cpe with the psychlgical and scial pressures afterward. I made my decisin very calmly, because I knew things culd nt be wrse than they were at that mment, and I was determined that this was just ne mre battle I wuld win.
Nw, six years later, I have weathered all these difficulties. I have been s lucky t be able t find the strength t deal with all f this, and what I have t tell anyne still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yurself, and d nt let bad mments drag yu dwn. Just hang n and yu will cme thrugh.
33．What can we learn abut the side effects f chemtherapy?
A．They made the authr suffer a lt.
B．They destryed the authr’s faith.
C．They were relieved after treatment.
D．They were mre bvius in the daytime
34．What was the authr’s decisin t deal with his cnditin?
A．Chpping ff his leg.
B．Turning dwn the dctr’s advice.
C．Giving in t the cancer.
D．Seeking psychlgical assistance.
35．What des the underlined wrd“weathered”in the last paragraph mean?
A．resistedB．survivedC．escapedD．prduced
36．What des the authr want t cnvey in the text?
A．A light heart lives lng.
B．A gd medicine tastes bitter.
C．Time wrks wnders.
D．One with faith braves any hardship.
【答案】33．A 34．A 35．B 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是作者分享了自己与骨癌作斗争的经历，告诉那些与困难做斗争的人要相信自己，坚持下去，就会渡过难关。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I underwent chemtherapy (化疗) fr the next tw years, and it was the wrst time f my life. Physically, I felt that the side effects f chemtherapy were killing me.(在接下来的两年里，我接受了化疗，那是我一生中最糟糕的时期。身体上，我觉得化疗的副作用要了我的命。)”可知，作者化疗经历了最糟糕的人生，身体上，化疗的副作用几乎要将作者置于死地，由此可知，化疗让作者遭受很多的痛苦。故选A项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I eventually suggested that the leg be chpped ff, and the dctr said that might be the best thing t d, as lng as I culd cpe with the psychlgical and scial pressures afterward.(我最后建议把那条腿砍掉，医生说这可能是最好的办法，只要我能应付心理上和社会上的压力。)”可知，作者建议截肢，医生也认为这是最好的方法。故选A项。
35．词义猜测题。根据划线单词后的句子“I have been s lucky t be able t find the strength t deal with all f this, and what I have t tell anyne still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yurself, and d nt let bad mments drag yu dwn. Just hang n and yu will cme thrugh.(我很幸运能够找到力量来处理这一切，我要告诉那些仍在与困难作斗争的人的是：要相信自己，不要让糟糕的时刻拖累你。只要坚持下去，你就会渡过难关的。)”可知，作者认为自己很幸运能找到力量处理这一切，并告诉与困难作斗争的人，相信自己，坚持下去就会渡过难关，由此可知，划线单词所在的句子的意思是“六年后，作者活了下来”，由此可猜测，该单词的意思是“幸存下来”。故选B项。
36．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“I have been s lucky t be able t find the strength t deal with all f this, and what I have t tell anyne still struggling with difficulties is this: have faith in yurself, and d nt let bad mments drag yu dwn. Just hang n and yu will cme thrugh.(我很幸运能够找到力量来处理这一切，我要告诉那些仍在与困难作斗争的人的是：要相信自己，不要让糟糕的时刻拖累你。只要坚持下去，你就会渡过难关的。)”并结合作者介绍的自己与疾病进行斗争的经历可知，本文表达的是有信念的人就能勇敢面对困难。故选D项。
（22·23下·嘉定·二模）Peter and Minke van Wingerden have created smething wild: a herd f cws flating n the sea. The Dutch husband-and-wife team’s experiment n sustainable agriculture, called Flating Farm, can be fund in the prt f Rtterdam. The mdernist structure huses 40 cws, wh cllectively prduce sme 200 gallns f milk a day. In additin t helping nurish (滋养) the lcal cmmunity, the waterbrne farm is playing a part in the glbal cnversatin abut hw the climate crisis is pushing farmers t recnsider hw—and where—they prduce fd.
Flds, extreme heating, drughts and even rising night temperatures have sent the fd system ff balance. The race t utsmart the cnstant attack f extreme weather has made the wrld f farming unrecgnizable frm what it was nly decades ag. A team f scientists in Mexic is develping wheat types that can adapt themselves t different climates, while Jack’s Slar Garden in Lngmnt, Clrad, is a testbed fr the emerging methd f slar farming.
Rtterdam has already established itself as ne f the mst climate-adaptive places in the wrld. Everything frm ffice buildings t entire neighbrhds are built n water in the city, which is 90% belw sea level. The Wingerdens’ Flating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Shuld a weather crisis arise, a waterbrne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place. A frmer prperty develper with a backgrund in engineering, Peter fund his inspiratin fr the Flating Farm in a climate disaster in New Yrk City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery f fresh fd t millins.
The Wingerdens’ mdel is ripe fr reprductin—which is exactly what the Flating Farm’s team f 14 are wrking n nw. Plans are under way fr a flating vegetable farm t mve int the space next t the current Flating Farm. Permit applicatins are als ut fr similar structures in Dubai, Singapre and the Dutch cities f Haarlem and Arnhem.
The new prjects will apply lessns learned frm Flating Farm. “Yu need t build a huse in rder t knw hw t build a huse,” Peter says. The biggest bstacles he sees ahead, hwever, are nt financial r physical, but rather plitical and administrative. “One f the biggest challenges we cme acrss wrldwide is regulatins. Cities need t have disruptivethinking, cities need t have disruptive departments, and cities need t have areas where yu can say: OK, this is the experimental zne.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling ff is f a different rder than the typical sustainability measures. “We are nt innvative,” he says. “We are disruptive.”
37．Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut the Flating Farm?
A．It is the first mdern farming attempt t fight climate change.
B．It is a mdel f new agriculture in the age f climate crisis.
C．It has utsmarted ther frms f farming like slar farming.
D．It cpies a similar structure in Dubai ready fr reprductin.
38．It can be inferred frm the passage that ___________.
A．90% f the ppulatin in Rtterdam live belw the sea level
B．The New Yrk City is wrking hard t fight climate change
C．The lcal cmmunity will nt be fed withut new farming
D．Waterbrne facilities are necessary t the future f Rtterdam
39．The phrase “disruptive thinking” in the last paragraph means “thinking __________”.
A．in a daring and unusual wayB．in a fcused and lgical way
C．in a careful and detailed wayD．in a rude and unpleasant way
40．Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A．Is Rtterdam Built n Water?
B．Can Flating Farming Survive?
C．Are Cws at Sea the Future f Farming?
D．Is Extreme Weather Affecting Agriculture?
【答案】37．B 38．D 39．A 40．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是荷兰夫妇创建浮动农场的由来及其发展的必要性，并在其影响下开发新的可持续发展的农业项目。
37．细节理解题。根据首段中的“In additin t helping nurish (滋养) the lcal cmmunity, the waterbrne farm is playing a part in the glbal cnversatin abut hw the climate crisis is pushing farmers t recnsider hw—and where—they prduce fd. 除了帮助滋养当地社区，这家水上农场还在全球讨论中发挥着作用，讨论气候危机如何促使农民重新考虑如何以及在哪里生产粮食。)”可知，该项目引发了全球气候危机情况下，如何以及在哪里生产食物的讨论，由此可知，该水上农场是气候危机时代新型农业的典范。故选B项。
38．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Everything frm ffice buildings t entire neighbrhds are built n water in the city, which is 90% belw sea level. The Wingerdens’ Flating Farm was a new but necessary attempt. Shuld a weather crisis arise, a waterbrne farm isn’t necessarily stuck in place.(从办公楼到整个社区，这座城市的一切都建在水面上，而这座城市的海平面低于90%。翁格登夫妇的水上农场是一个新的但必要的尝试。如果出现天气危机，水上农场并不一定会被困在原地。)”可知，鹿特丹一切都建在低于海平面90%的水上，浮动农场是一个新的但必要的尝试，由此可知，水上设施对鹿特丹的未来是必要的。故选D项。
39．词义猜测题。根据尾段中的“cities need t have areas where yu can say: OK, this is the experimental zne.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling ff is f a different rder than the typical sustainability measures. “We are nt innvative,” he says.(城市需要有这样的区域，你可以说:好吧，这是试验区。”因为彼得和他的团队所采取的措施与典型的可持续发展措施的顺序不同。“我们缺乏创新，”他说。)”可知，在一块试验区，彼得和他的团队正在实施的与典型的可持续措施不同，他们所创建的已经超出了创新，由此可猜测，这是用一种大胆而又不寻常的方式的思考。故选A项。
40．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“The mdernist structure huses 40 cws, wh cllectively prduce sme 200 gallns f milk a day. In additin t helping nurish (滋养) the lcal cmmunity, the waterbrne farm is playing a part in the glbal cnversatin abut hw the climate crisis is pushing farmers t recnsider hw—and where—they prduce fd.(这座现代主义建筑容纳了40头奶牛，它们每天总共生产大约200加仑的牛奶。除了帮助滋养当地社区，这家水上农场还在全球讨论中发挥着作用，讨论气候危机如何促使农民重新考虑如何以及在哪里生产粮食)”以及全文对浮动农场的讨论可知，浮动农场除了滋养着当地的社区，还引发了全球对气候危机农业何去何从的讨论，所以“海上奶牛是农业的未来吗”以问题的形式表明本文对水上农场的讨论，且概括了文章的主题。故选C项。
（22·23·重庆·阶段练习）Obsessed with Kim Kardashian? Can’t get enugh f Bennifer getting back tgether? Chances are yu’re an idit——at least accrding t Hungarian researchers.
New research has suggested peple bsessed with Hllywd gssip and A-list celebs might nt be that smart―which will surely be a jarring revelatin fr thse wh lve tablids(八卦小报)magazines.
The study, published in BMC Psychlgy late last year, claims that “there is a direct assciatin between celebrity wrship and prer perfrmance n cgnitive tests” measuring bth literacy and numeracy(计算能力).
The study asked 1,763 Hungarian adults t undertake a 30-wrd vcabulary test and a math test, befre cmpleting a “Celebrity Attitude Scale” questinnaire t determine their levels f interest in famus peple.
Researchers fund that high scres n the Celebrity Attitude Scale crrelated with lwer perfrmance n the tw cgnitive ability tests. Participants were als asked abut their incme, material wealth and levels f educatin in rder t gain the mst detailed picture pssible.
Hwever, the researchers were unable t determine whether celebrity bsessives perfrm prly n cgnitive tests because they used their brainpwer thinking abut A-listers, r whether they were bsessed with Hllywd gssip because they were already less intelligent t begin with.
In ther wrds, it’s unclear whether celebrity wrshiping is a cause r cnsequence f lw cgnitive functin.
“Future studies shuld seek further supprt fr ur suggestin that the cgnitive effrt invested in maintaining the absrptin in a favrite celebrity may interfere with the persn’s perfrmance in tasks that require attentin and ther cgnitive skills,” the researchers tld PsyPst in a recent interview. “Althugh ur research des nt prve that develping a pwerful bsessin with ne’s favrite celebrity causes ne t scre lwer n cgnitive tests, it suggests that it might be wise t carefully mnitr feelings fr them.”
While sme tablid magazine readers may feel persnally attacked by this research, flks n Twitter did nt seem shcked by the findings. “I dn’t think a study was needed t determine this,” wrte ne Twitter user. “What wrries me is that peple wh wrship celebs are nt ging t read this article ever,” anther added.
41．What d the underlined wrds “be a jarring revelatin fr” in the secnd paragraph mean?
A．Cme as a blw t.
B．Serve as an eye-pener fr.
C．Have a negative effect n.
D．Give a gd laugh t.
42．What can we learn abut bsessin with celebrities frm the research?
A．It is a sign f lwer intelligence.
B．It results in pr cgnitive functin.
C．It has t d with levels f educatin.
D．It is assciated with lwer cgnitive ability.
43．What d the researchers recmmend peple t d?
A．Invest mre effrt in attentin-demanding tasks.
B．Avid develping a pwerful celebrity bsessin.
C．Reduce the time spent reading tablid magazines.
D．Seek further supprt t address celebrity wrship.
44．Hw d Twitter users feel abut the research?
A．They feel persnally attacked by it.
B．They are surprised at its findings.
C．They are skeptical abut its result.
D．They cnsider it nt necessary.
【答案】41．A 42．D 43．B 44．D
【导语】本篇为说明文。介绍了研究证明过度崇拜名人和认知能力低下有相关联系。
41．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线部分前的内容“New research has suggested peple bsessed with Hllywd gssip and A-list celebs might nt be that smart(新的研究表明，痴迷于好莱坞八卦和一线明星的人可能没有那么聪明) ”可知，研究证明痴迷于好莱坞八卦和一线明星的人可能并没有那么聪明。所以可以推断这一事实对于喜欢看八卦小报的读者来说是一个打击。A. Cme as a blw t. 这对某人来说是一个打击；B. Serve as an eye-pener fr. 让人大开眼界；C. Have a negative effect n. 对某人产生负面影响；D. Give a gd laugh t. 让人开怀大笑。故选A。
42．细节理解题。从第五段“Researchers fund that high scres n the Celebrity Attitude Scale crrelated with lwer perfrmance n the tw cgnitive ability tests. (研究人员发现，名人态度量表的高分与两项认知能力测试的低分相关。)”可知，对名人的痴迷与低认知能力有关。故选D。
43．推理判断题。从倒数第二段中““Future studies shuld seek further supprt fr ur suggestin that the cgnitive effrt invested in maintaining the absrptin in a favrite celebrity may interfere with the persn’s perfrmance in tasks that require attentin and ther cgnitive skills,” the researchers tld PsyPst in a recent interview. (研究人员在最近的一次采访中告诉《心理邮报》:“未来的研究应该为我们的建议寻求进一步的支持。我们认为，为了保持对一个最喜欢的名人的吸引力而投入的认知努力，可能会干扰这个人在需要注意力和其他认知技能的任务中的表现。”) ”可推知，研究人员建议不要过于崇拜名人。故选B。
44．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While sme tablid magazine readers may feel persnally attacked by this research, flks n Twitter did nt seem shcked by the findings. “I dn’t think a study was needed t determine this,” wrte ne Twitter user. (虽然一些小报杂志的读者可能会对这项研究感到人身攻击，但推特上的人们似乎并没有对这一发现感到震惊。一位推特用户写道：“我认为不需要进行研究来确定这一点。”) ”可知，推特用户觉得并不需要一个研究来证明这件事情。故选D。
（22·23下·浙江·阶段练习）Fr several years, “fly n the wall” was Esther Ruth Mbabazi’s apprach t phtgraphy. Be invisible. Dn’t influence the scene. Then,in 2019, the 28-year-ld Ugandan had an pprtunity t d just the ppsite.
That’s when Mbabazi learned f the Gulu fr Wmen With Disabilities Unin (GUWODU), a prfessinal and scial center in a small city in Uganda’s nrth. There, she partnered with seven wmen n a prtrait series that was a celebratin f individuality and persnal expressin. “I was tired f the images I was seeing ut there, especially here in Uganda, where peple with disabilities are rbbed f their persnalities,” said Mbabazi. “They’re phtgraphed as peple wh can’t d anything. I didn’t want my images t lk like that.”
Over ne year, she made fur trips t Gulu and phtgraphed wmen she met, including a land mine survivr missing a leg, a deaf mther f fur, and a blind musician. They psed in custm dresses, created by a Kampala-based designer, against backdrps (背景幕布) f art and handiwrk they had made. When Mbabazi asked the wmen hw they wanted t be seen, they tld her: as capable, equal, Intelligent. In ther wrds,the dignity that Ugandans with special needs ften are denied.
Jyce Auma, 25, wh uses wheelchair, chse a blue patterned tp and skirt that cntrasted beautifully with the vibrant green and blue backdrp. Anther, Laker Irene Odwar, wh lst her leg in a land mine at age 16, chse a pale blue blazer and a shirt with a smart silk scarf.
On her last trip t Gulu, Mbabazi delivered large, framed cpies f the prtraits t thse wh psed fr them. As Mbabazi explains, “They said, ‘This shws me as I am in my full existence, my full bdy, as I am.’” Mbabazi hpes the phts will be exhibited publicly, t help change hw the wmen are seen, and treated, by thers.
45．The underlined wrds “fly n the wall” in the first paragraph means a phtgrapher wh .
A．takes phts withut being nticed
B．takes phts with careful arrangements
C．makes a great difference with phts
D．uses advanced technlgy in phtgraphing
46．What d the mdels Mbabazi chse have in cmmn?
A．They are gd at making dresses.
B．They are eager t becme famus.
C．They are disabled t sme degree.
D．They are int bright,vibrant clr.
47．Which f the fllwing can best describe Mbabazi’s phtgraphs?
A．Dull and cnventinal.
B．Distinctive and expressive.
C．Dreamlike and attractive.
D．Unrealistic and creative.
48．We can infer that the purpse f Mbabazi’s phtgraphs is t.
A．celebrate the individuality f Uganda wmen
B．shw the real life f wmen with disabilities
C．display the beauty f wmen in custm dresses
D．challenge the way the wrld sees disabled wmen
【答案】45．A 46．C 47．B 48．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了乌干达摄影师Mbabazi改变以前的拍摄方式对乌干达残疾女性进行拍摄，以帮助改变其他人对这些女性的看法和对待方式。
45．词义猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“‘fly n the wall’ was Esther Ruth Mbabazi’s apprach t phtgraphy. Be invisible. Dn’t influence the scene.(“fly n the wall”是Esther Ruth Mbabazi的摄影方法。隐形。不影响场景。)”可知，“fly n the wall”这是一种拍摄方式，是隐形的，不会影响场景。由此推知，“fly n the wall”的意思是在不被注意的情况下拍照。故选A项。
46．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Over ne year, she made fur trips t Gulu and phtgraphed wmen she met, including a land mine survivr missing a leg, a deaf mther f fur, and a blind musician.(在一年多的时间里，她四次前往古卢，拍摄了她遇到的女性，包括一名失去一条腿的地雷幸存者、一位四个孩子的聋哑母亲和一位盲人音乐家。)”可知，Mbabazi选择的拍摄的对象都有不同程度的残疾。故选C项。
47．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘I was tired f the images I was seeing ut there, especially here in Uganda, where peple with disabilities are rbbed f their persnalities,’ said Mbabazi. ‘They’re phtgraphed as peple wh can’t d anything. I didn’t want my images t lk like that.’(“我厌倦了我在那里看到的画面，特别是在乌干达，残疾人的个性被剥夺了，” Mbabazi说。“他们被拍成什么都做不了的人。我不希望我的图像看起来像那样。”)”可知，原来拍摄的女性残疾人被剥夺了个性，把她们拍摄成为一无是处的人，结合第四段中的“Jyce Auma, 25, wh uses wheelchair, chse a blue patterned tp and skirt that cntrasted beautifully with the vibrant green and blue backdrp. Anther, Laker Irene Odwar, wh lst her leg in a land mine at age 16,chse a pale blue blazer and a shirt with a smart silk scarf.(25岁的Jyce Auma使用轮椅，她选择了蓝色图案的上衣和裙子，与充满活力的绿色和蓝色背景形成鲜明对比。另一位是湖人Irene Odwar，她在16岁时在地雷中失去了一条腿，她选择了一件淡蓝色的西装外套和一件带有智能丝巾的衬衫。)”可知，Mbabazi拍摄的残疾人照片彰显他们的个性，色彩鲜明，较以前完全不同，富有表现力。故选B项。
48．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As Mbabazi explains, “They said, ‘This shws me as I am in my full existence, my full bdy, as I am.’” Mbabazi hpes the phts will be exhibited publicly, t help change hw the wmen are seen, and treated, by thers.(正如Mbabazi所解释的那样，“他们说，‘这显示了我在我的完整存在中，我的整个身体，就像我一样。’姆巴巴齐希望这些照片能够公开展出，以帮助改变其他人看待和对待这些女性的方式。”)”可知，Mbabazi拍摄的照片帮助改变人们看待和对待残疾女性的方式，由此可知，她的照片的目的是挑战世人看待残疾女性的方式。故选D项。
（23·24上·沧州·阶段练习）Magnetic fields are prmising t be a useful tl in the hunt fr human settlements that have been lst t the sea ff the cast f the UK. An upcming prject is set t use magnetmetry (磁力测定) data t seek Dggerland, the flded land that cnnected Britain t mainland Eurpe until the end f the Ice Age, but there’s hpe that this technique culd be used t find lng-lst civilizatins all ver the wrld.
The study cmes frm the University f Bradfrd in the UK. Their plan is t clsely lk at magnetmetry data gathered frm a prtin f the Nrth Sea and attempt t identify any strange anmalies (异常) that culd suggest the presence f archaelgical structures.
The team is especially keen t use these techniques t lk fr traces f human activities beneath the Nrth Sea since it’s thught t have been hme t sme f the largest prehistric settlements in Eurpe. Befre it was flded ver 8,000 years ag. Dggerland was a rich and diverse habitat that likely attracted prehistric humans and thers. Despite its ptential that lays beneath the Nrth Sea, we knw relatively little abut the culture that nce was develped here.
“As the area we are studying used t be abve sea level, there’s a small chance this analysis culd even reveal evidence fr hunter-gatherer activity. That wuld be the mst imprtant part.” Ben Urmstn, PhD student at the University f Bradfrd, said in a statement. “We might als discver the presence f middens, which are rubbish dumps that cnsist f animal bnes, shells and ther bilgical material. that can tell us a lt abut hw peple lived.”
Remarkably little f the wrld’s ceans have been explred, let alne fr the purpses f archaelgy. Nevertheless, advances in technlgy are cntinuing t shw that the castlines are hiding cuntless traces f ancient human activities, even evidence f lng-lst civilizatins.
Thanks t prjects like the ne at the University f Bradfrd, as well as many thers, the future f marine archaelgy is lking prmising. Nevertheless, we have t be patient. Just dn’t expect t stumble acrss the sunken city f Atlantis anytime sn.
49．Why is magnetmetry data used in this prject?
A．T trace the ice mvement.B．T measure Dggerland.
C．T find a lst ancient land.D．T explre the histry f Britain.
50．What d we knw abut Dggerland ver 8,000 years ag?
A．Its civilizatin is little knwn t us.B．It was a place that was ften flded.
C．It was a deserted island with few peple.D．Its lcatin has nt yet been cnfirmed.
51．What is Ben Urmstn’s attitude tward this analysis?
A．Uncaring.B．Subjective.C．Shcked.D．Favurable.
52．What d the underlined wrds ”stumble acrss“in the last paragraph mean?
A．Display.B．Assess.C．Restre.D．Discver.
【答案】49．C 50．A 51．D 52．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了磁场有望成为寻找英国沿海消失的人类定居点的有用工具。
49．细节理解题。根据第一段中“An upcming prject is set t use magnetmetry (磁力测定) data t seek Dggerland. the flded land that cnnected Britain t mainland Eurpe until the end f the Ice Age, but there’s hpe that this technique culd be used t find lng-lst civilizatins all ver the wrld. (一个即将到来的项目将使用磁力测定数据来寻找多格兰。这片被洪水淹没的土地一直连接着英国和欧洲大陆，直到冰河时代结束，但这项技术有望在世界各地找到失传已久的文明)”可知，使用磁力测定的数据是为了寻找一块被海水淹没的古老陆地——多格兰。故选C。
50．推理判断题。根据第三段中 “Befre it was flded ver 8,000 years ag, Dggerland was a rich and diverse habitat that likely attracted prehistric humans and thers. Despite its ptential that lays beneath the Nrth Sea, we knw relatively little abut the culture that nce was develped here. (在8000多年前被洪水淹没之前，多格兰是一个丰富多样的栖息地，可能吸引了史前人类和其他物种。尽管北海海底蕴藏着巨大的潜力，但我们对这里曾经形成的文化却知之甚少)”和关键词“knw relatively little”可知，我们对8000多年前的多格兰文明知之甚少。故选A。
51．推理判断题，根据第四段中本·乌尔姆斯顿 所说的“As the area we are studying used t be abve sea level，there’s a small chance this analysis culd even reveal evidence fr hunter-gatherer activity. That wuld be the mst imprtant part. (由于我们正在研究的地区曾经高于海平面，因此这项分析甚至有很小的机会揭示狩猎采集活动的证据。这将是最重要的部分)”可推断，本·乌尔姆斯顿认为这项分析很有意义，所以他的态度是赞成的。A. Uncaring漠不关心的；B. Subjective主观的；C. Shcked震惊的；D. Favurable支持的。故选D。
52．词义猜测题，最后一段“Thanks t prjects like the ne at the University f Bradfrd, as well as many thers, the future f marine archaelgy is lking prmising. (多亏了像布拉德福德大学这样的项目，以及其他许多项目，海洋考古学的未来看起来很有希望)”强调海洋考古学的未来有希望，紧接着用Nevertheless一转“Nevertheless, we have t be patient. (然而我们必须要有耐心)”告诉我们必须要有耐心，由此推测，作者想告诉我们，即使有了这项技术，我们也不会很快发现沉没在海底的文明。综合分析可知，该画线短语与discver 意思相同。故选D。
（23·24上·达州·阶段练习）Electrnic timing is lder than mst peple imagine and was used fr the first time mre than a hundred years ag at the 1912 Stckhlm Olympics. Initially, the well-knwn cmpany Ericssn was tasked with develping the technlgy, but it was the Swedish inventr Ragnar Carlstedt wh eventually created the final prduct.
At the same time, Carlstedt intrduced anther inventin: the finish line camera. The 1, 500-meter Olympic final was extremely clse with Arnld Jacksn frm Great Britain winning by nly 0.1 secnds. But it was impssible t decide n the silver medal since the tw Americans Abel Kiviat and Nrman Taber finished side by side. Fr the first time in histry, the utcme f an Olympic event had t be settled based n a pht finish when Kiviat was judged t be “slightly ahead”.
The significance f these tw inventins led a majr newspaper t write: “Electrnic timing at the Olympic Games. Simultaneus (同时发生的) timing and phtgraphy f cntestants. A brilliant idea!”
The next step in timekeeping was the pht-finish camera with a time stamp imprinted n each picture, which was intrduced at the 1932 Olympics in Ls Angeles. The 1948 Olympics saw the intrductin f anther inventin with the cntinuus slit camera (狭缝摄影机), where a film behind a narrw slit rlls (滚动) with the same speed as the runners. Fur years later the clcks were cnnected t the slit camera giving a slutin f 1/100 s. But it was nt until 1972 that fficial times were recrded t the 100th f a secnd.
The next big step in the eighties was t make the camera digital t speed up the feedback (反馈). But the idea behind the slit camera was kept and is still the basis f all timing systems fr athletics used tday. The nly difference is that nw there is a very narrw sensr array ( 阵列传感器) instead f the mving film.
After a century technlgy has reached the pint where the whle timing system can be stred in a smartphne. S in a way, the circle was clsed when SprintTimer, a sprts timer and pht finish app, was develped in the same place and precisely a hundred years after Ragnar Carlstedt.
53．What d we knw abut electrnic timing?
A．It was created in recent years.
B．It was first intrduced at the Olympics.
C．It was develped by the well-knwn cmpany Ericssn.
D．It was perfected by the Swedish inventr Ragnar Carlstedt.
54．What des paragraph 2 fcus n?
A．The increasing need fr a finish line camera.
B．The excellent perfrmance f Arnld Jacksn.
C．The significant rle f Carlstedt's anther inventin.
D．The intense cmpetitin f the 1,500-meter Olympic final.
55．Hw was the digital camera in the eighties different frm the slit camera?
A．It avided the use f a mving film.
B．It rlled with the same speed as the runners.
C．It made a 100th-f-a-secnd recrd pssible.
D．It adpted a new idea fr all timing systems used tday.
56．What des the underlined part “the circle was clsed” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Further imprvement was discntinued.
B．The prblem was back t the rigin.
C．A new inventin was created.
D．The issue was reslved.
【答案】53．B 54．C 55．A 56．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了电子计时的发展历史，特别是在奥运会上的应用。文章提到，最早的电子计时设备是在1912年的斯德哥尔摩奥运会上首次使用的，同时还介绍了随后出现的其他计时技术。最后，文章指出现代技术发展到了可以将整个计时系统储存在智能手机中的阶段。
53．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Electrnic timing is lder than mst peple imagine and was used fr the first time mre than a hundred years ag at the 1912 Stckhlm Olympics. (电子计时的历史比大多数人想象的要久远，100多年前，1912年斯德哥尔摩奥运会首次使用电子计时。)”可知，100多年前，1912年斯德哥尔摩奥运会首次使用电子计时。B选项“It was first intrduced at the Olympics.(它最初是在奥运会上引入的。)”与原文信息一致。故选B。
54．主旨大意题。根据第二段中“At the same time, Carlstedt intrduced anther inventin: the finish line camera. (与此同时，卡尔施泰特介绍了另一项发明：终点线摄像机。)”以及“Fr the first time in histry, the utcme f an Olympic event had t be settled based n a pht finish when Kiviat was judged t be “slightly ahead”.(这是历史上第一次，奥运会比赛的结果必须根据照片来决定，当时基维亚特被判“略微领先”。)”可知，第二段中描述了奥运会比赛中，第一次使用卡尔施泰特的另一项发明：终点线摄像机来进行奥运会判定，通过列举基维亚特的例子来说明卡尔施泰特的另一项发明：终点线摄像机的重要作用。故选C。
55．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The 1948 Olympics saw the intrductin f anther inventin with the cntinuus slit camera , where a film behind a narrw slit rlls ( 滚 动) with the same speed as the runners.(1948年奥运会推出了另一项发明，即连续狭缝相机，在窄缝后面的胶卷以与运动员相同的速度滚动。)”以及倒数第二段中“The next big step in the eighties was t make the camera digital t speed up the feedback . (80年代的下一个重大进展是使相机数字化，以加快反馈。)”以及本段中“But the idea behind the slit camera was kept and is still the basis f all timing systems fr athletics used tday. The nly difference is that nw there is a very narrw sensr array instead f the mving film. (但是狭缝相机背后的想法被保留下来，并且仍然是今天用于田径计时系统的基础。唯一的区别是现在使用了非常窄的传感器阵列，而不是移动的胶片。)”可知，狭缝摄影机和数码相机的区别在于，狭缝摄影机是胶卷以与运动员相同的速度滚动进行拍摄，而数码相机不是移动的胶片而是使用了非常窄的传感器阵列。故选A。
56．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“After a century technlgy has reached the pint where the whle timing system can be stred in a smartphne.(一个世纪后，技术已经达到了整个计时系统可以存储在智能手机中的地步。)”可知，一个世纪后，整个计时系统存储在了智能手机中，根据划线词后文的内容“ when SprintTimer, a sprts timer and pht finish app, was develped in the same place and precisely a hundred years after Ragnar Carlstedt.( 当时SprintTimer，一个运动计时器和照片整理应用程序，在同一个地方被开发出来，正好是Ragnar Carlstedt100年后。)”可知，正是SprintTimer这个应用程序实现了前文的所提出的技术即将整个计时系统可以存储在智能手机中，SprintTimer的出现恰恰实现了这一闭环解决了该问题，故划线词与D选项“The issue was reslved.( 问题解决了。)”为同义词。故选D。