专题13 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“猜测词义2（代词指代）”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版

这是一份专题13 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“猜测词义2（代词指代）”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版，共27页。


【近年高考考情】
1.（2022·新高考II卷·C篇）30题
2.（2020·新高考卷·C篇）29题
3.（2020·浙江卷·B篇）25题
4.（2019·全国II卷·A篇）21题
5.（2017·全国II卷·B篇）26题
6.（2017·全国I卷·C篇）29题
【实用解题妙招】
一、设问方式
1. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
2. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
二、实用妙招
在语篇中有时为了避免重复提及某一个词或者短语，常常用指代词表示，如:要求考生指出代词it，they，ne等的指代对象。指代词起连接语篇的作用，它能体现出语篇中各句子之间的逻辑关系。解题时需要做到:
1.原文定位：返回原文，找出指代词。
2.左顾右盼：找与其最接近的名词，名词性词组或句子（90%以上都是往前找答案）。
3.替换验证：替换该指代词，看逻辑是否通顺，范围是否一致。
三、思维导图
【高考真题再练】
1.（2022·新高考II卷·C篇）30题
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
28. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent.D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm.B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging.D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer-
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
28. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
29. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。
30. 词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，smething是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故smething指代的是法律。故选D。
31. 主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正地改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
2.（2020·新高考卷·C篇）29题
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
28. What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitatin.B. His interest in the cuntry.
C. His lve fr teaching.D. His desire t regain health.
29. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
30. Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell's rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Rmantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerus.
31. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T intrduce a bk.B. T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C. T remember a writer.D. T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. B 31. A
【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry. he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
29. 词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
30. 推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
31. 推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
3.（2020·浙江卷·B篇）25题
The traffic signals alng Factria Bulevard in Bellevue, Washingtn, generally dn't flash the same length f green twice in a rw, especially at rush hur. At 9:30am, the full red/yellw/green signal cycle might be 140 secnds. By 9:33am, a burst f additinal traffic might push it t 145 secnds. Less traffic at 9:37am culd push it dwn t 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-grwing city just east f Seattle, uses a system that is gaining ppularity arund the US: intersectin(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time t traffic cnditins. These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex Stevanvic, a researcher at Flrida Atlantic University.
Fr all f Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are nt a cure-all fr jammed radways. Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transprtatin Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial fr sme cities, thers are s jammed that nly a sharp reductin in the number f cars n the rad will make a meaningful difference. “It’s nt ging t fix everything, but adaptive signals have sme benefits fr smaller cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches. In the past, there was ften an autmatic reactin t increased traffic: just widen the rads, says Mark Pch, the Bellevue Transprtatin Department’s traffic engineering manager. Nw he hpes that ther cities will cnsider making their streets run smarter instead f just making them bigger.
25. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Increased length f green lights.B. Shrtened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing f traffic signals.D. Smth traffic flw n the rad.
26. What des Kevin Balke say abut adaptive signals?
A. They wrk better n brad rads.
B. They shuld be used in ther cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic n the rad.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriusly jammed.
27. What can we learn frm Bellevue’s success?
A. It is rewarding t try new things.B. The ld methds still wrk tday.
C. It pays t put thery int practice.D. The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】25. C 26. D 27. A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
25. 指代猜测题。That位于第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一句“Just like the traffic itself, the timing f the signals changes.(就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化)”可知，第一段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化；“That is by design.”意为“那是有意为之”，由此可推知，That指代第一段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C项。
26. 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中“adaptive signals are nt a cure-all fr jammed radways(但自适应信号并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药)”及第二句中“thers are s jammed that nly a sharp reductin in the number f cars n the rad will make a meaningful difference(其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才能起有意义的作用) ”可推知，Kevin Balke认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。故选D项。
27. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“These lights, knwn as adaptive signals, have led t significant declines in bth the truble and cst f travels between wrk and hme.(这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大大减少了通勤的麻烦和花费)”最后一段第一句“In Bellevue, the switch t adaptive signals has been a lessn in the value f welcming new appraches.(在Bellevue，对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样)”可推知，从Bellevue的成功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选A项。
4.（2019·全国II卷·A篇）21题
My Favurite Bks
J Usmar is a writer fr Csmplitan and c-authr f the This Bk Will series(系列) f lifestyle bks. Here she picks her tp reads.
Matilda
Rald Dahl
I nce wrte a paper n the influence f fairy tales n Rald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciatin fr his strange and delightful wrds. Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bssy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they’re als aspiratinal.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It’s abut tw sisters—Eri, a mdel wh either wn’t r can’t stp sleeping, and Mari, a yung student. In trying t cnnect t her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discvers a wrld f diverse “night peple” wh are hiding secrets.
Gne Girl
Gillian Fynn
There was a bit f me that didn’t want t lve this when everyne else n the planet did, but the hrrr stry is brilliant. There’s tensin and anxiety frm the beginning as Nick and Amy battle fr yur trust. It’s a real whdunit and the frustratin when yu realise what’s ging n is hrribly enjyable.
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy nvel frm ne f the best strytellers arund. After a serius flu utbreak wipes ut 99.4% f the wrld’s ppulatin, a battle unflds between gd and evil amng thse left. Randall Flagg is ne f the scariest characters ever.
21. Wh des “I” refer t in the text?
A. Stephen King.B. Gillian Flynn.
C. J Usmar.D. Rald Dahl.
22. Which f the fllwing tells abut Mari and Eri?
A. Csmplitan.B. Matilda.
C. After Dark.D. The Stand.
23. What kind f bk is GneGirl?
A. A flk tale.B. A bigraphy.
C. A lve stry.D. A hrrr stry.
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了作家J Usmar选出的四本好书。
21. 推理判断题。根据第一段J Usmar is a writer fr Csmplitan and c-authr f the This Bk Will series(系列) f lifestyle bks. Here she picks her tp reads.可知，下文介绍作家J Usmar选出的最好的读物，所以下文中的“I”指的是J Usmar。故C选项正确。
22. 细节理解题。根据After Dark中It’s abut tw sister—Eri, a mdel wh either wn’t r can’t stp sleeping, and Mari, a yung student.可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹——Eri是一个要么不睡，要么一觉不醒的模特，玛丽，是一个年轻学生。所以After Dark中讲述了Eri和Mari的故事。故C选项正确。
23. 细节理解题。由Gne Girl中的 the hrrr stry is brilliant.可知，这是一个恐怖故事。故D选项正确。
5.（2017·全国II卷·B篇）26题
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when Gerge Ry Hill, the directr f Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, intrduced us in New Yrk City. When the studi didn’t want me fr the film - it wanted smebdy as well knwn as Paul — he std up fr me. I dn’t knw hw many peple wuld have dne that; they wuld have listened t their agents r the studi pwers.
The friendship that grew ut f the experience f making that film and The Sting fur years later had its rt in the fact that althugh there was an age difference, we bth came frm a traditin f theater and live TV. We were respectful f craft(技艺) and fcused n digging int the characters we were ging t play. Bth f us had the qualities and virtues that are typical f American actrs: humrus, aggressive, and making fun f each ther — but always with an underlying affectin. Thse were als at the cre(核心) f ur relatinship ff the screen.
We shared the belief that if yu’re frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back — he with his Newman’s Own fd and his Hle in the Wall camps fr kids wh are seriusly ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each ther all that regularly, but sharing that brught us tgether. We supprted each ther financially and by shwing up at events.
I last saw him a few mnths ag. He’d been in and ut f the hspital. He and I bth knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk abut it. Ours was a relatinship that didn’t need a lt f wrds.
24. Why was the studi unwilling t give the rle t authr at first?
A. Paul Newman wanted it.
B. The studi pwers didn’t like his agent.
C. He wasn’t famus enugh.
D. The directr recmmended smene else.
25. Why did Paul and the authr have a lasting friendship?
A. They were f the same age.
B. They wrked in the same theater.
C. They were bth gd actrs.
D. They han similar charactertics.
26. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Their belief.
B. Their care fr children.
C. Their success.
D. Their supprt fr each ther.
27. What is the authr’s purpse in writing the test?
A. T shw his lve f films.
B. T remember a friend.
C. T intrduce a new mvie.
D. T share his acting experience.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与Paul Newman之间的深厚友情。当制片人不想让我参演电影时，Paul Newman站出来为我说话，两人因此而建立了深厚的友谊。在此后的很多年里，两人一直相互扶持，相互鼓励，因此两人的深厚友情维系了很多年。
24. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“When the studi didn’t want me fr the film— it wanted smebdy as well knwn as Paul”制片人不想要我，他想要当时比较出名的演员Paul,因此，可知作者当时还不是很有名。故选C。
25. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Bth f us had the qualities and virtues that are typical f American actrs: humrus, aggressive, and making fun f each ther— but always with an underlying affectin. Thse were als at the cre （核心）f ur relatinship ff the screen”可知，作者与Paul之间有着相似的性格特征，这让他们的友谊天长地久。故选D。
26. 词义猜测题。根据“We shared the brief that if yu’re frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back”，我们都有这个信仰：如果你有幸获得成功，你应该有所回馈。下文“he with his Newman’s Own fd and his Hle in the Wall camps fr kids wh are seriusly ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival”是作者举的例子，因此“sharing that brught us tgether.”that指代前面提到的信仰。故选A。
27. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“I last saw him a few mnths ag. He’d been in and ut f the hspital.He and I bth knew what the deal was,and we didn’t talk abut it”可知Paul已经去世了，再结合前文“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”，可推断作者写文章是为了怀念这位朋友。故选B。
6.（2017·全国I卷·C篇）29题
Sme f the wrld’s mst famus musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans t celebrate the first annual Internatinal Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin) recently set April 30 as a day t raise awareness f jazz music, its significance, and its ptential as a unifying(联合) vice acrss cultures.
Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s nt really a part f the American appetite,” Mran tells Natinal Public Radi’s reprter Neal Cnan. “What I’m hping t accmplish is that my generatin and yunger start t recnsider and understand that jazz is nt black and write anymre. It’s actually clr, and it’s actually digital.”
Mran says ne f the prblems with jazz tday is that the entertainment aspect f the music has been lst. “The music can’t be presented tday the way it was in 1908 r 1958. It has t cntinue t mve, because the way the wrld wrks is nt the same,” says Mran.
Last year, Mran wrked n a prject that arranged Fats Waller’s music fr a dance party, “Just t kind f put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is cncert music,” says Mran. “Fr me, it’s the recntextualizatin. In music, where des the emtin(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) n hw t talk abut urselves and hw smething as abstract as a Charlie Parker recrd gets us int a dialgue abut ur emtins and ur thughts? Smetimes we lse sight that the music has a wider cntext,” says Mran, “s I want t cntinue thse dialgues. Thse are the things I want t fster.”
28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as Internatinal Jazz Day?
A. T remember the birth f jazz.
B. T prtect cultural diversity.
C. T encurage peple t study music.
D. T recgnize the value f jazz.
29. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Jazz becming mre accessible.
B. The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C. Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D. The jazz audience becming larger.
30. What can we infer abut Mran’s pinin n jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.
B. It remains black and white.
C. It shuld keep up with the times.
D. It changes every 50 years.
31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Explring the Future f Jazz.
B. The Rise and Fall f Jazz.
C. The Stry f a Jazz Musician.
D. Celebrating the Jazz Day.
【答案】28. D 29. C 30. C 31. A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述UNESCO把4月30号定为国际爵士乐日，希望意识到爵士乐的价值，但实际收效甚微。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO(United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin) recently set April 30 as a day t raise awareness f jazz music, its significance, and its ptential as a unifying(联合) vice acrss cultures.可知，UNESCO把4月30号定为国际爵士乐日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性以及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。故选D。
29. 代词指代题。根据前文Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins可知，尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that(是Jasn Mran的工作是帮助改变那一情况)可推测，that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。
30. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的The music can’t be presented tday the way it was in 1908 r 1958. It has t cntinue t mve, because the way the wrld wrks is nt the same可知，Mran认为现在爵士乐不能 以1908或1958年的方式来呈现，因为世界已经不同了，所以爵士乐必须不断进步，说明随着时代的 发展，爵士乐也要跟上时代才不会被年轻一代所抛弃。故选C。
31. 标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日， 但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。
【名校好题强化】
（19·20下·合肥·阶段练习）On Saturday 24 August 1918, it was raining cats and dgs and thundering ver a city called Sunderland n the nrtheast cast f England. The strm lasted fr nly abut ten minutes. Peple were surprised t see that it was nt just rainwater falling frm the sky. There were fish falling dwn, t! Peple came ut t find ut what was happening. They culd nt believe their wn eyes. There were thusands f fish—sand eels (沙鳗)—lying n the grund. They were abut seven centimeters lng, and all were frzen slid (冻成硬块).
Sand eels swim tgether in large grups, ften in sandy water, and are ften fund in large numbers in the Nrth Sea, which reaches ut t the east f Sunderland. Hw was it pssible fr these sand eels t fall frm the sky and land n Sunderland?
Scientists believed the heavy thunderstrm that afternn may have caused a watersput (水龙卷). Watersputs can be frmed when strng winds mve quickly in a circle ver water. They are s pwerful that anything less than ne meter in length can be taken int them and frced int the cluds. The cluds carry whatever has been taken int them fr lng distances —smetimes ver 150 kilmeters. It’s very cld up there and everything sn freezes slid.
Fr hundreds f years there have been reprts f small animals being taken int the sky thrugh watersputs. In 2009, dead tadples rained dwn n the city f Nana in Japan. In 2012, fifty kils f prawns fell frm the sky ver Sri Lanka. In 2017, fish fell n the castal city f Tampic in Mexic.
It must be a very strange experience t see fish raining dwn n yu. It wuld prbably hurt if ne fell n yur head! With climate (气候) change and many reprts f terrible strms, will the time ever cme when it may really begin t rain cats and dgs?
1. What d we knw abut the sand eels that landed n Sunderland?
A. They were few in number.B. They came in different sizes.
C. They were still alive when landing.D. They prbably came frm the Nrth Sea.
2. What des the underlined wrd “them” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Cluds.B. Watersputs.C. Strng winds.D. The waters f the sea.
3. The authr mentins the fall f tadples in Japan in 2009 in rder t shw that.
A. raining sea animals is nt new in histryB. the envirnment is nt pleasant in Japan
C. watersputs can reach as far as JapanD. different animals can fall in different cuntries
4. In the end, what des the authr prbably care mst abut?
A. Our health.B. Our envirnment.C. The wild animals.D. The news reprts.
1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种奇特的自然现象——“动物”雨，及其形成原因。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Sand eels swim tgether in large grups, ften in sandy water, and are ften fund in large numbers in the Nrth Sea, which reaches ut t the east f Sunderland.(沙鳗成群结队地游动，沙鳗成群结队地一起游泳，通常在沙质水中，在桑德兰以东的北海也经常大量出现)”可知，那些出现在桑德兰市的沙鳗最可能来自与该市东部相连的北海。故选 D。
2. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Scientists believed the heavy thunderstrm that afternn may have caused a watersput (水龙卷). Watersputs can be frmed when strng winds mve quickly in a circle ver water.(科学家认为，当天下午的强雷暴可能导致了水龙卷。当强风在水面上快速旋转时，就会形成水龙卷)”以及划线词所在句“They are s pwerful that anything less than ne meter in length can be taken int them and frced int the cluds.”可知，第三段主要解释了导致 1918 年那次奇特自然现象的原因——暴风雨导致了水龙卷，而水龙卷的威力很大，沙鳗被吸进水龙卷里，并被卷进云层，随着云层移动 150 多公里远直至降落，划线词 them与其所在句中的They都指代watersputs (水龙卷)。故选 B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Fr hundreds f years there have been reprts f small animals being taken int the sky thrugh watersputs. In 2009, dead tadples rained dwn n the city f Nana in Japan. In 2012, fifty kils f prawns fell frm the sky ver Sri Lanka. In 2017, fish fell n the castal city f Tampic in Mexic.(数百年来，一直有关于小动物通过水龙卷被带向天空的报道。2009年，死蝌蚪如雨点般落在日本七尾市。2012年，50公斤的对虾从斯里兰卡上空坠落。2017年，鱼落在了墨西哥沿海城市坦皮科)”可知，第四段为总分结构，第一句为主题句，说明了历史上有很多类似于前文提到的下雨带来动物的报道，这在历史上并不新鲜。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“It wuld prbably hurt if ne fell n yur head! With climate (气候) change and many reprts f terrible strms, will the time ever cme when it may really begin t rain cats and dgs?(如果有一颗落在你头上，可能会很疼！随着气候的变化和许多可怕风暴的报道，真的会有大雨倾盆的时候吗？)”可知，作者用与英文谚语 it was raining cats and dgs相关的表述it may really begin t rain cats and dgs，含蓄地表达了作者对目前环境的担忧。故选 B。
（23·24上·河南·阶段练习）Last Saturday, a pwerful earthquake struck the Philippines. It was first reprted as a magnitude (震级) f 7.2; this was later crrected t 6.8. Last Friday, a prt cllapsed in Glucester Harbr in Massachusetts. It was first reprted as a prt belnging t Cape Ann Ice, but later identified as a prt used by Channel Fish.
Crrectins and retractins (撤回) are cmmn-nt nly in the news, but als in science and in everyday life. The truble is that initial beliefs are smetimes hard t remve. Dzens f studies in experimental psychlgy have identified a phenmenn knwn as the cntinued influence effect that even after misinfrmatin is retracted, many peple cntinue t treat it as true. In ther wrds, it has a cntinued influence n their thinking.
Ecker and his clleagues designed an experiment in which 60 university undergraduates read a series f events that were written as pairs f news stries, half f which invlved a retractin in the secnd stry f sme misinfrmatin stated in the first stry. T measure the “cntinued influence” f the initial misinfrmatin, participants were asked a series f questins relevant t that aspect f the news stry. The researchers fund that peple’s reasning ften shwed an influence frm the initial, retracted claim, cnfirming previus finds.
The study’s authrs are cautius abut making strng cnclusins based n this single result. Hwever, they still suggest that unnecessary repetitins f misinfrmatin shuld be avided; if smene desn’t already believe the misinfrmatin, repeating it culd d mre harm than gd.
5. What is the functin f the first paragraph?
A. Raising the main tpic.B. Overviewing the whle article.
C. Shwing a prblem fr later slutin.D. Intrducing the backgrund infrmatin.
6. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The persistent influence.B. The misinfrmatin.
C. The infrmatin retractin.D. The psychlgical phenmenn.
7. What can we learn abut the experiment frm the last tw paragraph?
A. It is well designed.B. It needs t be mre interesting.
C. It takes ages t see the results.D. It makes us mre cautius during wrk.
8. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Is Misinfrmatin Useful?B. Crrectins and Retractins
C. Ways t Remember True InfrmatinD. Can Repeating False Infrmatin be Helpful?
【答案】5. A 6. B 7. A 8. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是更正和撤回是很常见的——不仅在新闻中，在科学和日常生活中也是如此，但是研究表明最初的错误信息是很难消除的。
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last Saturday, a pwerful earthquake struck the Philippines. It was first reprted as a magnitude (震级) f 7.2; this was later crrected t 6.8. Last Friday, a prt cllapsed in Glucester Harbr in Massachusetts. It was first reprted as a prt belnging t Cape Ann Ice, but later identified as a prt used by Channel Fish.(上周六，一场强烈地震袭击了菲律宾。地震最初被报道为7.2级；后来被修正为6.8。上周五，马萨诸塞州格洛斯特港的一个港口倒塌。它最初被报道为属于Cape Ann Ice的港口，但后来被确定为Channel Fish使用的港口)”和第二段的“Crrectins and retractins (撤回) are cmmn-nt nly in the news, but als in science and in everyday life.(更正和撤回是很常见的——不仅在新闻中，在科学和日常生活中也是如此)”可知，第一段通过实际例子说明更正和撤回很常见，因此第一段的功能是提出主题。故选A。
6. 词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Dzens f studies in experimental psychlgy have identified a phenmenn knwn as the cntinued influence effect that even after misinfrmatin is retracted, many peple cntinue t treat it as true.(实验心理学的数十项研究发现了一种被称为持续影响效应的现象，即即使在错误信息被撤回后，许多人仍然认为它是真的)”，“In ther wrds(换句话说)”和“has a cntinued influence n their thinking(对他们的思维有持续的影响)”可知，此处指的是被撤回的错误信息也会持续影响人的思维，因此it指代的是“错误信息”，即The misinfrmatin。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Ecker and his clleagues designed an experiment in which 60 university undergraduates read a series f events that were written as pairs f news stries, half f which invlved a retractin in the secnd stry f sme misinfrmatin stated in the first stry. T measure the “cntinued influence” f the initial misinfrmatin, participants were asked a series f questins relevant t that aspect f the news stry.(Ecker和他的同事们设计了一个实验，让60名大学生阅读一系列事件，这些事件被写成成对的新闻报道，其中一半涉及对第一篇报道中出现的一些错误信息的第二篇报道的撤回。为了衡量最初错误信息的“持续影响”，参与者被问及一系列与新闻故事的这一方面相关的问题)”可知，这个实验是被很好设计的。故选A。
8. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“Hwever, they still suggest that unnecessary repetitins f misinfrmatin shuld be avided; if smene desn’t already believe the misinfrmatin, repeating it culd d mre harm than gd.( 然而，他们仍然建议应该避免不必要的重复错误信息;如果有人不相信错误的信息，重复它可能弊大于利)”可知，本文主要讲的是更正和撤回是很常见的——不仅在新闻中，在科学和日常生活中也是如此，但是研究表明最初的错误信息是很难消除的，重复错误的信息可能弊大于利，因此最恰当的标题是D选项“Can Repeating False Infrmatin be Helpful?( 重复虚假信息有帮助吗？)”。故选D。
（23·24上·红桥·期中）On Nvember 7, Lewis Pugh cmpleted a ne-kilmeter swim in the freezing waters f King Edward Cve, ff Suth Gergia in Antarctica. He was wearing nly his swimming glasses, cap and Speeds!
Pugh is an advcate fr ur ceans and seas, wrking t prtect these ecsystem with their large diversity f marine (海洋的) life. When asked why he desn’t wear a wetsuit(防寒泳衣), Lewis says, “I ask wrld leaders t d everything they can t prtect ur ceans. Smetimes the steps they need t take are difficult and unppular. If I’m asking them t be curageus, I must als be. Swimming in a wetsuit wuld nt send the right message.”
It tk Pugh abut 19 minutes t cmplete the ne-kilmeter swim in Antarctica where the water averaged abut 1. 6℃. He says that his bdy can nly tlerate abut 20 minutes in the freezing waters befre it starts shutting dwn. As he swims, his bdy temperature steadily drps, which in turn causes his muscle cntrl t drp, slwing him dwn. When he is dne with his swim, his supprt team rushes him t a ht shwer and it takes almst an hur fr his bdy temperature t return t nrmal.
Dctrs and Pugh cautin that ne must receive mnths f training t swim in such cld waters. Even expert swimmers wh are unused t freezing water can drwn within minutes because f the physical shck experienced by the bdy. Pugh says he trained fr six mnths befre this swim.
This is nt the first time that Lewis has swum in dangerus cnditins. In 2007, he swam ne kilmeter in the Nrth Ple t draw attentin t the melting Arctic ice due t climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay f Whales in Antarctica’s Rss Sea as part f his successful campaign t help set up a marine reserve there.
9. Why did Lewis Pugh swim withut a wetsuit?
A. T swim faster.B. T shw his bravery.
C. T build up his bdy.D. T win public attentin.
10. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. His bdy.B. The water.
C. His bdy temperature.D. The water temperature.
11. What’s Pugh’s advice abut swimming in freezing waters?
A. One must be fully prepared.B. One shuld be expert at swimming.
C. One shuld be ready t take n challenges.D. One must be used t lng-distance swimming.
12. Which f the fllwing best describes Lewis Pugh?
A. Ambitius and self-centered.B. Hardwrking and single-minded.
C. Optimistic and envirnmentally friendly.D. Determined and envirnmentally cnscius.
13. What may be the best title fr the text?
A. Lewis Pugh: swimming fr a causeB. Hw t survive a swim in cld waters
C. Hw t prepare fr extreme swimmingD. Lewis Pugh: achieving the impssible
【答案】9. B 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了刘易斯•普格为了呼吁各国领导人采取行动保护海洋，在南极冰冷的水域完成了不穿防寒泳衣游泳一公里的壮举。
9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When asked why he desn’t wear a wetsuit(防寒泳衣), Lewis says, “I ask wrld leaders t d everything they can t prtect ur ceans. Smetimes the steps they need t take are difficult and unppular. If I’m asking them t be curageus, I must als be. Swimming in a wetsuit wuld nt send the right message.”(当被问及为什么不穿防寒泳衣时，刘易斯说：“我要求世界各国领导人尽一切努力保护我们的海洋。有时，他们需要采取的步骤是困难的和不受欢迎的。如果我要求他们勇敢，我也必须勇敢。穿着潜水服游泳不会传达正确的信息。”)”可知，普格不穿防寒泳衣在冰冷的海水中游泳是为了展示他的勇敢，故选B。
10. 词句猜测题。根据划线词前的“He says that his bdy can nly tlerate abut 20 minutes in the freezing waters”可知，他说他的身体在冰冷的水中只能忍受大约20分钟，此处承接上文，是说20分钟后他的身体就会被冻僵，动弹不得，由此可知划线词指代的就是“他的身体”，故选A。
11. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Dctrs and Pugh cautin that ne must receive mnths f training t swim in such cld waters.(医生和普格警告说，要在如此寒冷的水域游泳，必须接受数月的训练)”可知，普格建议人们在冰冷的海水中游泳之前要做好充分的准备，故选A。
12. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Pugh is an advcate fr ur ceans and seas, wrking t prtect these ecsystem with their large diversity f marine (海洋的) life.(皮尤是海洋的倡导者，致力于保护海洋生态系统，保护海洋生物的多样性)”以及最后一段“In 2007, he swam ne kilmeter in the Nrth Ple t draw attentin t the melting Arctic ice due t climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay f Whales in Antarctica’s Rss Sea as part f his successful campaign t help set up a marine reserve there.(2007年，他为了引起人们对气候变化导致的北极冰层融化的关注，在北极游了1公里。2015年，他在南极洲罗斯海的鲸鱼湾游泳，这是他成功帮助在那里建立海洋保护区的活动的一部分)”可推知，Lewis Pugh有环保意识且意志力坚定，故选D。
13. 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“On Nvember 7, Lewis Pugh cmpleted a ne-kilmeter swim in the freezing waters f King Edward Cve, ff Suth Gergia in Antarctica.(11月7日，刘易斯•普格在南极洲南乔治亚州附近的爱德华王湾冰冷的海水中完成了一公里的游泳)”及第二段中的“Lewis says, “I ask wrld leaders t d everything they can t prtect ur ceans. Smetimes the steps they need t take are difficult and unppular. If I’m asking them t be curageus, I must als be. Swimming in a wetsuit wuld nt send the right message.”(刘易斯说：“我要求世界各国领导人尽一切努力保护我们的海洋。有时，他们需要采取的步骤是困难的和不受欢迎的。如果我要求他们勇敢，我也必须勇敢。穿着潜水服游泳不会传达正确的信息。”)”结合本文主要讲述了刘易斯•普格为了呼吁各国领导人采取行动保护海洋，在南极冰冷的水域完成了不穿防寒泳衣游泳一公里的壮举。这篇文章最好的题目是“Lewis Pugh：为了一个目标而游泳”，故选A。
（23·24上·浙江·期中）It’s well knwn that weightlifting can strengthen ur muscles. Nw, there’s increasing evidence that strengthening the muscles we use t breathe is beneficial t. New research shws that daily muscle training helps prmte heart health and reduces high bld pressure.
“The muscles we use t breathe tend t shrink as we get lder,” explains researcher Daniel, a physilgist at the University f Clrad Bulder. T test what happens when these muscles are given a gd wrkut, he and his clleagues recruited healthy vlunteers aged 18 t 82 t try a daily five-minute technique using a resistance-breathing training device. When peple breathe int it, the device prvides resistance, making it harder t breathe. “We fund that ding 30 breaths per day fr six weeks lwers bld pressure by abut 9 mmHg,” Daniel says. Accrding t Jyner, a physician at the May Clinic wh studies hw the nervus system regulates bld pressure, that is the type f reductin with a bld pressure drug.
S, hw exactly des breath training lwer bld pressure? Daniel pints t the rle f endthelial (内皮的) cells, which help widen ur bld vessels (血管) and prmte gd bld flw. “What we fund was that six weeks f the training will increase endthelial l functin by abut 45%,”Daniel explains.
The new study builds n a previus study and adds t the evidence that the training is beneficial fr adults f all ages. Befre the results came in, Daniel had suspected that yung, health y adults might nt benefit as much. “But we saw strng effects,” Daniel says, pinting t a significant decline in bld pressure fr participants f all ages. He says the finding suggests the training culd help healthy yung peple prevent heart disease and the rise in bld pressure that tends t ccur with aging.
The technique is nt intended t replace exercise, he cautins, r t replace medicine fr peple with high bld pressure. Instead, Daniel says, “it wuld be a gd additinal preventin fr peple wh are ding ther healthy lifestyle appraches already.”
14. Wh was mst likely t be a vlunteer in the study?
A. An adult wrking nearby.B. A pupil frm a lcal schl.
C. A senir with heart disease.D. A backpacker staying fr 2 weeks.
15. The underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refers t .
A. giving the muscles a gd wrkut.B. ding 30 breaths per day fr six weeks.
C. regulating bld pressure by the nerves.D. lwering bld pressure by abut 9 mmHg.
16. What can be knwn abut the research result?
A. It was far frm satisfactry.B. It cnfirmed Daniel’s dubt.
C. It was cntrary t the previus study.D. It was beynd Daniel’s expectatin.
17. What des the text seem t advcate?
A. Muscle training t prmte ur health.B. Weightlifting t strengthen ur muscles.
C. Daily breath training t reduce bld pressure.D. Lifestyle appraches t preventing bld diseases.
【答案】14. A 15. D 16. D 17. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。众所周知，举重可以增强我们的肌肉。现在，越来越多的证据表明，加强我们用于呼吸的肌肉也是有益的。新的研究表明，每天的肌肉训练有助于促进心脏健康，降低高血压。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。
14. 细节理解题。根据第二段“T test what happens when these muscles are given a gd wrkut, he and his clleagues recruited healthy vlunteers aged 18 t 82 t try a daily five-minute technique using a resistance-breathing training device.(为了测试当这些肌肉得到良好锻炼时会发生什么，他和他的同事招募了年龄在18岁到82岁之间的健康志愿者，让他们使用呼吸阻力训练装置尝试每天五分钟的技术)”可知，一个在附近工作的成年人最有可能成为这项研究的志愿者。故选A。
15. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“We fund that ding 30 breaths per day fr six weeks lwers bld pressure by abut 9 mmHg (丹尼尔说:“我们发现，每天做30次呼吸，持续6周，血压会降低约9毫米汞柱)”可知，丹尼尔发现呼吸会让降低血压约9毫米汞柱，即“降低血压约9毫米汞柱”是一种用降压药可以降低的血压量。故划线词指的是“降低血压约9毫米汞柱”。故选D。
16. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Befre the results came in, Daniel had suspected that yung, health y adults might nt benefit as much. “But we saw strng effects,” Daniel says, pinting t a significant decline in bld pressure fr participants f all ages.(在结果出来之前，丹尼尔曾怀疑年轻健康的成年人可能不会受益这么多。“但我们看到了强烈的效果，”丹尼尔说，他指出，所有年龄段的参与者血压都显著下降)”可知，研究结果超出了丹尼尔的预料。故选D。
17. 细节理解题。根据第三段“S, hw exactly des breath training lwer bld pressure? Daniel pints t the rle f endthelial (内皮的) cells, which help widen ur bld vessels (血管) and prmte gd bld flw.(那么，呼吸训练到底是如何降低血压的呢？丹尼尔指出了内皮细胞的作用，它能帮助扩张血管，促进良好的血液流动)”以及最后一段“The technique is nt intended t replace exercise, he cautins, r t replace medicine fr peple with high bld pressure.(对于那些已经在采取其他健康生活方式的人来说，这将是一个很好的额外预防措施)”可知，这篇文章似乎在提倡每天进行呼吸训练，降低血压。故选C。
（23·24上·济宁·期中）Nature is ne f the greatest surces f inspiratin fr engineers and cmputer scientists t develp new technlgical tls. Over the past decade r s, rbticists have develped cuntless rbts inspired by the behavir and bilgical mechanisms f snakes, fish, birds, insects and cuntless ther animals.
Researchers at Beijing Institute f Technlgy recently designed a new bi-inspired rbt that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The rbt is made up f a main bdy, tw wheels and the tail-inspired cmpnent, which is cntrlled by an adaptive cntrller that allws it t turn in different directins within an area parallel (平行的) t the rbt’s wheels. The specific patters that are designed t increase the rbt’s stability are calculated using the s-called Lyapunv stability therem, which is a theretical cnstruct that describes the stability f dynamic systems.
Mst existing appraches t balancing vehicles with tw wheels wrk by cllecting a vehicle’s bdy height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electrnic device that can measure a specific frce acting n a bdy r bject. Cnventinal appraches prcess the data cllected by an IMU device and then carry ut balancing strategies accrdingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜的) angle.
While many f these appraches achieved satisfactry results, the design put frward by this team f researchers intrduces a practical alternative that des nt invlve adjusting the rbt’s tilt angle. It is ne f the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails f animals, t enhance a wheeled rbt’s balance while cnsidering uncertainty in the envirnment.
The researchers evaluated the effectiveness f the tail-like rbtic mechanism in a series f tests. Their findings were very prmising. as when the rbt lst its balance in the tested envirnment, the artificial “tail” was able t re-balance it within n mre than 3.5 secnds.
In the future, this tail-like mechanism culd be adapted t enhance the stability and balance f ther existing r newly develped rbts. In additin, the findings gathered as part f this study culd inspire ther rbticists t design similar tail-like cmpnents.
18. What’s special abut the new rbt?
A. It is a bi-inspired rbt.
B. It is identical t an insect.
C. Its “tail”prmtes the stability cntrl.
D. Its wheels are used t sustain its balance.
19. Hw are paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly develped?
A. By giving a definitin.B. By setting an example.
C. By analyzing reasns.D. By making cmparisns.
20. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 5 refer t?
A. The adaptive cntrller.B. The bi-inspired rbt.
C. The tail-like cmpnent.D. The surrunding envirnment.
21. What des the last paragraph fcus n?
A. Reasns fr the research.B. Ptentials f the research.
C. Cmplexities f the research.D. Challenges f the research.
【答案】18. C 19. D 20. B 21. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北京理工大学的研究团队开发的一种新的仿生机器人，该机器人可以用尾巴状的机制来保持平衡。
18. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Researchers at Beijing Institute f Technlgy recently designed a new bi-inspired rbt that can maintain its balance using tail-like mechanism. The rbt is made up f a main bdy, tw wheels and the tail-inspired cmpnent, which is cntrlled by an adaptive cntrller that allws it t turn in different directins within an area parallel (平行的) t the rbt’s wheels.(北京理工大学的研究人员最近设计了一种新的仿生机器人，它可以使用尾巴状的机制来保持平衡。该机器人由一个主体、两个轮子和由自适应控制器控制的尾翼组件组成，该控制器允许它在与机器人轮子平行的区域内向不同方向转动。)”可知，该机器人可以使用尾巴状的机机制来保持平衡。故选C。
19. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Mst existing appraches t balancing vehicles with tw wheels wrk by cllecting a vehicle’s bdy height data using an inertial (惯性的) measurement unit (IMU), which is an electrnic device that can measure a specific frce acting n a bdy r bject. Cnventinal appraches prcess the data cllected by an IMU device and then carry ut balancing strategies accrdingly, typically by adjusting its tilt (倾斜的) angle.(多数现有的平衡两轮车辆的方法是通过使用惯性测量单元(IMU)收集车辆的车身高度数据，这是一种可以测量作用在身体或物体上的特定力的电子设备。传统的方法是处理IMU设备收集的数据，然后相应地执行平衡策略，通常是通过调整其倾斜角度。)”以及第四段“While many f these appraches achieved satisfactry results, the design put frward by this team f researchers intrduces a practical alternative that des nt invlve adjusting the rbt’s tilt angle. It is ne f the few existing techniques that are inspired by the tails f animals, t enhance a wheeled rbt’s balance while cnsidering uncertainty in the envirnment.(虽然许多方法都取得了令人满意的结果，但该研究小组提出的设计引入了一种实用的替代方案，不需要调整机器人的倾斜角度。这是为数不多的受动物尾巴启发的现有技术之一，可以在考虑环境不确定性的情况下增强轮式机器人的平衡性。)”可知，第三段和第四段将该机器人保持平衡的方法和现有的其他机器人保持平衡的方式进行比较。故选D。
20. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The researchers evaluated the effectiveness f the tail-like rbtic mechanism in a series f tests. Their findings were very prmising. as when the rbt lst its balance in the tested envirnment(研究人员在一系列测试中评估了这种尾巴状机器人机制的有效性。他们的发现非常有希望。当机器人在测试环境中失去平衡时，)”以及划线单词前的“the artificial “tail” was able t re-balance(人造“尾巴”能够重新平衡……)”可知，划线单词“it”指的是机器人。故选B。
21. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“In the future, this tail-like mechanism culd be adapted t enhance the stability and balance f ther existing r newly develped rbts. In additin, the findings gathered as part f this study culd inspire ther rbticists t design similar tail-like cmpnents.(在未来，这种类似尾巴的机制可以用来增强其他现有或新开发的机器人的稳定性和平衡性。此外，作为这项研究的一部分，收集到的发现可以启发其他机器人专家设计类似的尾巴状部件。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了该研究未来的可能运用。故选B。
（23·24上·连云港·期中）Have yu ever wndered abut the significance f emtins in ur life? Emtins play a critical part in ur lives and are cntagius (传染的) unless yu knw hw t actually cntrl them. Let me give yu an example here: When yu are with yur lved nes, yur md changes instantly, right? If they feel happy then yu feel happy, and if they feel angry/sad then s d yu. Starting t get what I was talking abut in the beginning? Shuld yu be feeling like that? In certain situatins yes, but every time, n!
Yu may find it very hard t believe but it is NOT ur respnsibility t bear their feelings, this is smething that they have t d themselves. Apart frm this, we must als learn t cntrl ur feelings, and never ever be ruled by ur wn feelings.
Let me give yu my wn example here. In the middle f a fight between yur spuse (配偶) r partner, they will say, “Yu really hurt my feelings”. Smetimes, yu might even say: “Yu are making me angry”. What des this imply? It means that yu have allwed the ther persn t emtinally cntrl yu. Whenever this happens, yu start blaming yurself, especially fr the emtins that thers are feeling. This is knwn as emtinal reflectin. Yu must learn t cntrl this r it will create c-dependency in relatinships which is very harmful.
What shuld be yur curse f actin here? It might seem rude when I say this but yu really need t hear it. YOU ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR HOW OTHERS FEEL! This ges sideways, thers are als nt respnsible fr hw yu feel and that is ur gal fr tday.
22. What is the functin f the first questin in Paragraph 1?
A. T intrduce the tpic.B. T share a ht game.
C. T entertain the readers.D. T explain the backgrund.
23. What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Yur partner makes yu angry.B. Yu hurt yur partner’s feelings.
C. Yur feelings are cntrlled by thers.D. Yu blame thers fr affecting yur feelings.
24. What can we infer abut emtins frm Paragraph 3?
A. Others can never cntrl yur emtins.B. Yu can’t be affected by thers’ emtins.
C. Grw with different emtinsD. Cntrl Emtins in prper ways
25. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Let G f Yur FeelingsB. Mind Yur Own Feelings
C. Grw with different emtinsD. Cntrl Emtins in prper ways
【答案】22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了情绪在我们的生活中的重要性，以及要以恰当的方法控制情绪。
22. 推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Have yu ever wndered abut the significance f emtins in ur life? Emtins play a critical part in ur lives and are cntagius (传染的) unless yu knw hw t actually cntrl them. Let me give yu an example here: When yu are with yur lved nes, yur md changes instantly, right? If they feel happy then yu feel happy, and if they feel angry/sad then s d yu. Starting t get what I was talking abut in the beginning? Shuld yu be feeling like that? In certain situatins yes, but every time, n! (你有没有想过情感在我们生活中的重要性？情绪在我们的生活中扮演着至关重要的角色，并且具有传染性，除非你知道如何控制它们。让我给你举个例子：当你和你爱的人在一起时，你的情绪会瞬间改变，对吧？如果他们感到快乐，那么你也会感到快乐，如果他们感到愤怒或悲伤，那么你也会感到愤怒或悲伤。开始明白我一开始说的了吗？你应该有这种感觉吗？在某些情况下是的，但每次都不是！)”可知，第一段的作用是引入本文的主题，情绪在我们的生活中的重要性。故选A。
23. 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“It means that yu have allwed the ther persn t emtinally cntrl yu. (这意味着你允许对方在情感上控制你。)”可知，这意味着你的感受是由他人控制的，this指代这句话。故选C。
24. 推理判断题。由文章第三段“Let me give yu my wn example here. In the middle f a fight between yur spuse (配偶) r partner, they will say, “Yu really hurt my feelings”. Smetimes, yu might even say: “Yu are making me angry”. What des this imply? It means that yu have allwed the ther persn t emtinally cntrl yu. Whenever this happens, yu start blaming yurself, especially fr the emtins that thers are feeling. This is knwn as emtinal reflectin. Yu must learn t cntrl this r it will create c-dependency in relatinships which is very harmful. (让我给你们举个例子。当你的配偶或伴侣吵架时，他们会说:“你真的伤害了我的感情。”有时，你甚至可以说:“你让我生气了”。这意味着什么？这意味着你允许对方在情感上控制你。每当这种情况发生时，你就会开始责怪自己，尤其是别人的情绪。这就是所谓的情绪反射。你必须学会控制它，否则它会在关系中产生相互依赖，这是非常有害的。)”可知，你必须学会控制情绪。故选D。
25. 标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Emtins play a critical part in ur lives and are cntagius(传染的)unless yu knw hw t actually cntrl them. (情绪在我们的生活中扮演着至关重要的角色，并且具有传染性，除非你知道如何控制它们。)”可知，文章主要介绍了情绪在我们的生活中的重要性，以及要以恰当的方法控制情绪。故选D。
（23·24上·烟台·期中）Fr sharks, the Mesamerican Reef, which stretches ver 600 miles, is a busy highway. Sharks use it t find their way and it prvides them with fd and habitat.
But as with n-land highways, this superhighway can be dangerus. Overfishing, cmmercial develpment and illegal practices are endangering the species. “We’re seeing a cntinued decline in shark ppulatins. Our gal is t turn that rund.” says Rachel Graham, funder f Mar Alliance, a nn-prfit rganizatin fcused n cnserving sharks.
By mnitring sharks, Mar Alliance can cllect imprtant knwledge n the species t help infrm cnservatin and push fr plitical actin. But rather than acting in ppsitin t the lcal fishing cmmunity, MarAlliance enlists their help.
“They are the nes wh are n the sea every single day,” says Graham, “and they’re the nes wh decide the species’ future.”
MarAlliance emplys up t 60 fishermen acrss its range, mstly n a prject basis, training them t cllect data, recrd and release fish. Nt nly des this prvide an alternative incme t fishing cmmunities, making them less dependent n natural resurces, but it als teaches them abut the benefits f a healthy cean ecsystem and hw t fish sustainably.
Amng them, Ivan Trres, wh used t catch sharks t sell lcally as fd, has learned hw critical they’re t the whle ecsystem, saying he’d never fish sharks any mre.
If this attitude change cntinues t spread thrughut fishing cmmunities, Graham has hpe fr the shark ppulatins. “The primary threat t sharks is unquestinably verfishing,” she says, “By refrming the industry, ppulatins can bunce back.”
In 2020, Belize utlawed the use f gillnets, large panels f netting f trapping large sealife. The ban’s impact is already nticeable with a recrded 10-fld increase in shark ppulatins.
But such regulatins need t be cpied alng the whle superhighway fr lng-lasting impact, and cuntries need t find a sustainable balance between fishers and the fished. “We need t find a win-win strategy between fisher livelihds and shark survival,” Graham emphasizes. “I hpe that thrugh educatin and prviding an ecnmic alternative fr fishing cmmunities, MarAlliance will help ensure safe passage fr sharks alng the reef”.
26. Which f the fllwing best describes the Mesamerican Reef fr sharks?
A. Rmantic but messy.B. Vital but insecure.
C. Adventurus but beautiful.D. Unfamiliar but reliable.
27. What des the underlined “they” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. MarAlliance.B. The fishers.
C. Mnitring authrities.D. The sharks.
28. What cntributed t Ivan’s attitude shift apart frm educatin?
A. A stricter fishing ban.B. The insurance payut he earned.
C. An ffer f extra wrk.D. The fishing cmmunities’ interventin.
29. What is mainly stressed in the last paragraph?
A. Slutin t verfishing.B. Difficulties facing MarAlliance.
C. Impact f existing regulatins.D. Features f internatinal cperatin.
【答案】26. B 27. B 28. D 29. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了致力于保护鲨鱼的非营利组织“海洋联盟”对保护鲨鱼的保护措施。
26. 细节理解题。由文章第一段中“Sharks use it t find their way and it prvides them with fd and habitat. (鲨鱼用它来找路，它为它们提供食物和栖息地)”和第二段的“But as with n-land highways, this superhighway can be dangerus. Overfishing, cmmercial develpment and illegal practices are endangering the species. (但与陆地高速公路一样，这条超级高速公路也可能很危险。过度捕捞、商业开发和非法行为正在危及该物种)”可知，中美洲珊瑚礁对鲨鱼来说很重要但又充满危险。故选B。
27. 词句猜测题。由文章第三段中“But rather than acting in ppsitin t the lcal fishing cmmunity, MarAlliance enlists their help. (但是，“海洋联盟”并没有采取反对当地渔业社区的行动，而是寻求他们的帮助)”以及第四段中“the nes wh are n the sea every single day (他们每天都在海上)”可知，每天都在海上的人是渔夫们。由此可知，划线词They指的是渔夫们。故选B。
28. 推理判断题。由文章第五段中“Nt nly des this prvide an alternative incme t fishing cmmunities, making them less dependent n natural resurces, but it als teaches them abut the benefits f a healthy cean ecsystem and hw t fish sustainably. (这不仅为渔业社区提供了另一种收入来源，使他们减少对自然资源的依赖，而且还教会他们了解健康的海洋生态系统的好处以及如何可持续地捕鱼)”以及第六段中“Amng them, Ivan Trres, wh used t catch sharks t sell lcally as fd, has learned hw critical they’re t the whle ecsystem, saying he’d never fish sharks any mre. (其中，伊万·托雷斯曾经捕捞鲨鱼作为食物在当地出售，他已经了解到鲨鱼对整个生态系统的重要性，他说他再也不会捕捞鲨鱼了)”可推知，渔业社区的干预促成了伊万态度的转变。故选D。
29. 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“But such regulatins need t be cpied alng the whle superhighway fr lng-lasting impact, and cuntries need t find a sustainable balance between fishers and the fished. “We need t find a win-win strategy between fisher livelihds and shark survival,” Graham emphasizes. “I hpe that thrugh educatin and prviding an ecnmic alternative fr fishing cmmunities, MarAlliance will help ensure safe passage fr sharks alng the reef”. (但是，为了产生持久的影响，这些规定需要在整个高速公路上复制，各国需要在渔民和被捕捞者之间找到可持续的平衡。“我们需要在渔民生计和鲨鱼生存之间找到一个双赢的策略，”格雷厄姆强调说。“我希望通过教育和为渔业社区提供经济选择，海洋联盟将帮助确保鲨鱼沿着珊瑚礁的安全通道。”)”可推知，这些话强调了过度捕捞的解决方案，即需要在渔民生计和鲨鱼生存之间找到一个双赢的策略。故选A。
（22·23上·绵阳·阶段练习）Peple were already knwn t cnsume micrplastics via fd and water as well as breathing them in. In a new study, scientists analyzed bld samples frm 22 healthy dnatrs and fund micrplastics in 17. Half the samples cntained PET plastic, which is cmmnly used in drinks bttles, while a third cntained plystyrene, which is used fr packaging fd and ther prducts. A quarter f the bld samples cntaincd plyethylene, frm which plastic carrier bags are made.
“Previus wrk had shwn that micrplastics were 10 times higher in the faeces (粪便) f babies cmpared with adults and that babies fed with plastic bttles are swallwing millins f micrplastic particles (微粒) a day. We als knw in general that babies are mre sensitive t chemical and particle expsure,” said Prf Dick Vethaak, a scientist at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam.“That wrries me a lt.”
The new research adapted existing techniques t detect and analyze particles as small as 0.0007mm. Sme f the bld samples cntained tw r three types f plastic. The team used steel syrınge needles and glass tubes t avid pllutin and tested fr backgrund levels f micrplastics using blank samples.
Vethaak acknwledged that the amunt and type f plastic varied cnsiderably between the bld samples.“But this is a pineering study,”he said, with mre wrk nw necded. He said the differences might reflect shrt-term expsure befre the bld samples were taken, such as drinking frm a plastic-lined cffee cup r wearing a plastic face mask.
A recent study fund that micrplastics can attach t the uter membranes(膜) f red bld cells and may limit their ability t transprt xygen. The particles have als been fund in the placentas f pregnant wmen.
“Arc the particles preserved in the bdy? Are they transprted t certain rgans? And are these levels sufficiently high t cause disease?” Vethaak said.“Mre detailed research n hw micrplastics affect the structures and prcesses f the human bdy, and whether and hw they can transfrm cells and hw they may cause cancer, is urgently needed. The prblem is becming mre urgent each day,”Vethaak added.
30. What des the new study in Paragraph I shw?
A. Micrplastic pllutin is harmful t human health.
B. Micrplastics have been detected in human bld.
C. Drinks bttles cntain mre micrplastics than plastic carrier bags.
D. Fd packagıng is the main surce f micrplastics in the human bdy.
31. What des the underlined wrd “That” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The mass prductin f plastic bttles.
B. The impact f micrplastics n babies.
C. The undevelped digestive system f babies.
D. The increasing amunt f chemicals in fd.
32. What might cause micrplastics t vary between bld samples?
A. Diverse sampling time.
B. Pllutin f bld samples.
C. Different physical cnditins f dnatrs.
D. Shrt-term expsure t plastics befre sampling.
33. Which is the best title f the passage?
A. Studies f Plastic Prducts.
B. The Expectatin f Micrplastics.
C. Pineering Studies f Micrplastic Particles.
D. Studies f Micrplastics int Human Bdy.
【答案】30. B 31. B 32. D 33. D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍研究发现人类血中存在微塑料。
30. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“ In a new study, scientists analyzed bld samples frm 22 healthy dnatrs and fund micrplastics in 17. (在一项新的研究中，科学家分析了22名健献血者的血液样本，并在17名献血者中发现微塑料)”可知，微塑料已经在人类血液中被测到。故选B项。
31. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中that的上文“babies fed with plastic bttles are swallwing millins f micrplastic particles (微粒) a day. We als knw in general that babies are mre sensitive t chemical and particle expsure (用塑料瓶喂养的婴儿每天吞食数以百万计的塑料微粒。我们也知道，一般来说，婴儿对化学物质和颗粒更敏感)”可知，that指代文提到的“微塑料对婴儿的影响”，即微塑料婴儿的影响让Prf Dick Vethaak担忧。故选B项。
32. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“He said the differences might reflect shrt-term expsure befre the bld samples were taken, such as drinking frm a plastic-lined cffee cup r wearing a plastic face mask. (他说，这些差异可能反映了在采集血液样本之前的短期接触，比如用塑料内衬的咖啡杯喝水或戴塑料口罩。)”可知，导致微塑料在血液样本之间的变化能是采样前短期接触塑料造成的。故选D
33. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a new study, scientists analyzed bld samples frm 22 healthy dnatrs and fund micrplastics in 17. Half the samples cntained PET plastic, which is cmmnly used in drinks bttles, while a third cntained plystyrene, which is used fr packaging fd and ther prducts. A quarter f the bld samples cntaincd plyethylene, frm which plastic carrier bags are made.(在一项新的研究中，科学家分析了22名健康献血者的血液样本，在17名中发现了微塑料。一半的样品含有PET塑料，这种塑料通常用于饮料瓶，而三分之一的样品含有聚苯乙烯，这种塑料用于包装食品和其他产品。四分之一的血液样本含有聚乙烯，塑料袋就是用这种材料制成的。)”可知，本段引出文章的主题，即微塑料进入人体的研究，接着文章详述了研究的过程和方向，故D选项符合题意。故选D。
（23·24上·河南·期中）The dust settled earlier this week after attendees at the annual Burning Man festival were finally given the green light t leave after heavy rains turned the event grunds int a muddy pl that prevented tens f thusands f peple frm driving ut. Festival gers were tld t save fd and water until the grund dried sufficiently fr cars, trucks, and RVs t drive n.
Fr sme, the uncperative weather may remain nly an unfrtunate ftnte in the stried histry f this increasingly ppular arts and music festival, which has been happening since the1980s. But fr thers, it is a wake-up call that such huge events cannt escape frm the cruel realities f glbal warming.
One f Burning Man’s mst well-knwn principles is t “leave n trace (痕迹)”, where partygers are encuraged t pick up every bit f pieces and “matter that is ut f place” in rder t leave the site in a gd state. Hwever, despite attendees’ effrts t leave n trace n the site itself, lcal residents in the nearest twn, have spken ut abut hw their twn has becme a junkyard after the event.
Then, there are the scientists wh say that the site’s delicate (脆弱的) ecsystem is put under great pressure each year. Thugh the pale sands f the desert may seem like they dn’t supprt much life, it’s actually an ancient, dried lakebed that reawakens under rain.
In fact, during the festival’s pening, a climate rganizatin blcked traffic temprarily frm entering the festival grunds, whse aim was t draw attentin t the fact that the event prduces abut 100,000 tns f CO₂ a year—90% f that cming frm travel as peple drive and fly t reach the festival.
Thugh Burning Man has taken measures t make the festival greener, sme prtesters (抗议者) are pinting ut that it’s simply nt enugh. Burning Man as a phenmenn has clearly reached a crssrads. Given the real envirnmental impacts that it has year after year, it might be time fr rganizers and cmmunity members t rethink hw the festival cntinues ging frward.
34. What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 2 prbably refer t?
A. The stried histry.B. The bad weather.
C. The huge event.D. The glbal warming.
35. What can be learned frm paragraph 3?
A. The partygers are nt respnsible at all.
B. Burning Man has set up the mst famus principle.
C. Lcal residents ften have an argument with attendees.
D. There is a gap between the rganizers’ wishes and reality.
36. Why did the climate rganizatin prevent the entry f traffic?
A. T reduce the risks f car accidents.
B. T limit the number f attendees.
C. T attract peple’s attentin t the festival.
D. T raise peple’s awareness f the carbn ftprint.
37. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. It Is Time t Rethink Burning ManB. Burning Man Is Lsing Its Appeal
C. Glbal Warming Is Ruining Our LifeD. Burning Man Met Heavy Rain
【答案】34. B 35. D 36. D 37. A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了在一年一度的Burning Man节上人们遭遇大雨而引发的思考。
34. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Fr sme, the uncperative weather may remain nly an unfrtunate ftnte in the stried histry f this increasingly ppular arts and music festival, which has been happening since the1980s. But fr thers, it is a wake-up call that such huge events cannt escape frm the cruel realities f glbal warming.(对一些人来说，不合作的天气可能只是这个自20世纪80年代以来一直举办的日益流行的艺术和音乐节的传奇历史中的一个不幸的脚注。但对另一些人来说，这是一个警钟:如此重大的事件无法逃避全球变暖的残酷现实)”可知，it指代上文中的the uncperative weather，即这种不合作的天气对一些人来说是一个警钟。故选B项。
35. 推理判断题。根据第三段“One f Burning Man’s mst well-knwn principles is t “leave n trace (痕迹)”, where partygers are encuraged t pick up every bit f pieces and “matter that is ut f place” in rder t leave the site in a gd state. Hwever, despite attendees’ effrts t leave n trace n the site itself, lcal residents in the nearest twn, have spken ut abut hw their twn has becme a junkyard after the event.(Burning Man节最著名的原则之一是“不留痕迹”，即鼓励参加派对的人捡起每一块碎片和“不合适的东西”，以便让场地状态良好。然而，尽管参加者努力不在场地上留下任何痕迹，但最近城镇的当地居民却公开表示，活动结束后，他们的小镇变成了一个垃圾场)”可知，尽管Burning Man节的原则之一是“不留痕迹”，要求参加活动的人尽量不在场地上留下任何痕迹，但结束后，人们发现自己的小镇成了一个垃圾场，由此推断理想愿望和现实之间存在差距。故选D项。
36. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In fact, during the festival’s pening, a climate rganizatin blcked traffic temprarily frm entering the festival grunds, whse aim was t draw attentin t the fact that the event prduces abut 100,000 tns f CO₂ a year—90% f that cming frm travel as peple drive and fly t reach the festival.(事实上，在庆典开幕时，气候团体暂时禁止车辆进入庆典场地。他们的目的是提醒人们，庆典每年产生约10万吨的二氧化碳，其中90%来自开车或乘飞机前往庆典现场的旅行)”可知，气候组织暂时阻止了车辆进入场地，是为了引起人们对这一事实的关注，即该活动每年产生约10万吨的二氧化碳。故选D项。
37. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据最后一段“Thugh Burning Man has taken measures t make the festival greener, sme prtesters (抗议者) are pinting ut that it’s simply nt enugh. Burning Man as a phenmenn has clearly reached a crssrads. Given the real envirnmental impacts that it has year after year, it might be time fr rganizers and cmmunity members t rethink hw the festival cntinues ging frward.(尽管Burning Man节已经采取措施使节日更加环保，但一些抗议者指出，这还远远不够。Burning Man节作为一种现象，显然已经走到了十字路口。考虑到它年复一年对环境的真正影响，组织者和社区成员可能是时候重新思考节日如何继续向前发展了)”可知，文章介绍了在一年一度的Burning Man节上的大雨以及由此联想到的Burning Man节给当地生态以及环保方面带来的问题，并在文章末段指出“组织者和社区成员可能是时候重新思考节日如何继续向前发展了。”由此推断A 选项“是时候重新思考Burning Man节”可以作为最佳标题。故选A项。
（23·24上·岳阳·阶段练习）Reading can be a scial activity. Think f the peple wh belng t bk grups. They chse bks t read and then meet t discuss them. Nw, the website Bk Crssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.
Members g n the site and register (登记) the bks they wn and wuld like t share. Bk Crssing prvides an identificatin number (识别码) t stick inside the bk. Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.
Bruce Pedersn, the managing directr f Bk Crssing, says, “The tw things that change yur life are the peple yu meet and bks yu read. Bk Crssing cmbines bth.”
Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. Whever finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.
Peple wh find a bk can als leave a jurnal entry describing what they thught f it. E— mails are then sent t the BkCrssers t keep them updated abut where their bks have been fund. Bruce Pedersn says the idea is fr peple nt t be selfish by keeping a bk t gather dust n a shelf at hme.
Bk Crssing is part f a trend (趋势) amng peple wh want t get back t the “real” and nt the virtual (虚拟).The site nw has mre than ne millin members in mre than ne hundred thirty—five cuntries.
38. Why des the authr mentin bk grups in the first paragraph?
A. T explain what they are.B. T intrduce Bk Crssing.
C. T stress the imprtance f reading.D. T encurage readers t share their ideas.
39. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. An adventure.B. A public place.
C. The bk.D. The identificatin number.
40. What will a Bk Crsser d with a bk after reading it?
A. Keep it safe in his bkcase.B. Mail it back t its wner.
C. Meet ther readers t discuss it.D. Pass it n t anther reader.
41. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual TurB. Electrnic Bks: A New Trend
C. A Bk Grup Brings Traditin BackD. A Website Links Peple thrugh Bks
【答案】38. B 39. C 40. D 41. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个让人们分享更多书的网站BkCrssing。
38. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Think f the peple wh belng t bk grups. They chse bks t read and then meet t discuss them. Nw, the website Bk Crssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.(想想那些属于图书小组的人。他们选择书籍阅读，然后见面讨论。现在，BkCrssing网站颠覆了图书小组的传统理念)”可知，第一段提到bk grups是为了引出下面的网站BkCrssing。故选B。
39. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.(然后，这个人把它放在一个公共场所，希望这本书能有一次冒险，和每一个新发现它的读者一起游历各地)”可知，这本书会有一次冒险，和每一个新发现它的读者一起游历各地，it指代前边的the bk。故选C。
40. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.(然后，这个人把它放在一个公共场所，希望这本书能有一次冒险，和每一个新发现它的读者一起游历各地)”以及第四段“Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. Whever finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.(会员们把书放在公园长椅、公共汽车、火车站和咖啡店。无论谁找到了他们的书，都会去现场记录他们在哪里找到的)”可知，读完一本书后，人们会把书放在某一个地方，让发现这本书的人继续读这本书。故选D。
41. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nw, the website Bk Crssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.(现在，BkCrssing网站颠覆了图书小组的传统理念)”、第四段“Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. Whever finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.(会员们把书放在公园长椅、公共汽车、火车站和咖啡店。无论谁找到了他们的书，都会去现场记录他们在哪里找到的)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一个让人们分享更多书的网站BkCrssing，通过这个网站，网站会员不断地让书去远行，让阅读传递下去，所以“网站通过书籍链接人们”可以作为文章标题。故选D。
（23·24上·重庆·期中）Upn discvering her grandma Gergie’s clthing sketches (草图) in 2021, Julia, a 27-year-ld TikTker, barely knew hw t sew clthes. Nnetheless, she decided t take it upn herself t make Grandma’s ld designer dreams cme alive. And it’s nt surprising at all, then, that when Julia shared her hard wrk with her abslutely delighted Grandma, and later her fllwers—mre than 21millin viewers tuned in t see what the mst adrable versin f Paris Fashin Week lks like. Oh, and what a sight it is.
When Julia first came acrss her grandma’s fashin design sketches that were almst three times as ld as she is, she was attracted by them. S were her unexpected TikTk viewers, 2.7 millin f them, wh shared Julia’s appreciatin f these drawings, leading t her first viral vide. “I knew grandma was talented, but I was like, ‘Ww, these are really much better than what I was envisining in my head’,” she tld Insider.
Using material leftver frm her grandmther’s cllectin f utdated fabrics, Julia has sewn many f the dresses Gergie envisined. She ntes that she desn’t always fllw her “grandma sketch”, as what lks gd n paper might nt translate nt the bdy. “Grandma encurages that,” Julia explains.
This nging cperatin acrss generatins has led t an extremely ppular TikTk series in which Julia shws Gergie what she’s created. It’s als sparked sweet cnversatins between the tw f them, which are shared n vide. “It’s a beautiful bnding experience between us that has made Grandma happy,” she said.
“Lts f peple wh are lder and watch my vides say they lve seeing smene yunger appreciate smething frm their generatin,” she said. “And then yunger peple see it and maybe they lst their grandparents, and they say seeing my vides reminds them f their grandparents,” said Julia.
42. What used t be Gergie’s dream?
A. T set up a fashin schl.B. T becme a fashin designer.
C. T attend Paris Fashin Week.D. T create a ppular TikTk series.
43. What des the underlined “that” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Julia’s using leftver fabrics.B. Julia’s sewing her wn dresses.
C. Julia’s adjusting her grandma’s designs.D. Julia’s fllwing her grandma’s sketches.
44. What has led t the ppularity f Julia’s wrks n TikTk?
A. It fllws the latest fashin style.
B. It cnnects different generatins.
C. It reminds its viewers f their belved nes.
D. It encurages peple t make imprvements.
45. What kind f persn is Julia?
A. Sensitive and warm-hearted.B. Helpful and determined.
C. Ambitius and devted.D. Caring and talented.
【答案】42. B 43. C 44. B 45. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gergie年轻时曾经梦想成为一名服装设计师。她的这一梦想多年后被自己的孙女Julia偶然发现，从而得以梦想成真。
42. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nnetheless, she decided t take it upn herself t make Grandma’s ld designer dreams cme alive. (尽管如此，她还是决定自己承担责任，让奶奶的设计师梦想成真。)”可知，Julia的奶奶年轻时的梦想是成为一名服装设计师。故选B。
43. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“She ntes that she desn’t always fllw her “grandma sketch”, as what lks gd n paper might nt translate nt the bdy. (她指出，她并不总是遵循她的“奶奶草图”，因为在纸上看起来不错的东西可能无法转化为身体上。)”可知，Julia根据实际需要对奶奶设计的时装图案做了一些改动，而且奶奶鼓励这件事。故选C。
44. 推理判断题。根据第四段“This nging cperatin acrss generatins has led t an extremely ppular TikTk series in which Julia shws Gergie what she’s created. It’s als sparked sweet cnversatins between the tw f them, which are shared n vide. “It’s a beautiful bnding experience between us that has made Grandma happy,” she said.(这种持续的跨宗派合作导致了一个非常受欢迎的 TikTk系列，Julia向Gergie展示了她创造的东西。这也引发了两人之间的甜蜜对话，并被分享到了视频中。她说:“这是我们之间亲密无间的美好经历，让奶奶很高兴。”)”可知，Julia的视频作品在TikTk走红的原因是：它成为老年人与年轻人之间产生情感共鸣的纽带。故选B。
45. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Nnetheless, she decided t take it upn herself t make Grandma’s ld designer dreams cme alive. (尽管如此，她还是决定自己承担责任，让奶奶的设计师梦想成真。)”和最后一段““Lts f peple wh are lder and watch my vides say they lve seeing smene yunger appreciate smething frm their generatin,” she said. “And then yunger peple see it and maybe they lst their grandparents, and they say seeing my vides reminds them f their grandparents,” said Julia. (她说:“很多看我视频的老年人说，他们喜欢看到年轻人欣赏他们这一代的东西。”茱莉亚说:“然后年轻人看到它，也许他们失去了祖父母，他们说看到我的视频让他们想起了他们的祖父母。”)”可知，Julia想办法让奶奶的梦想成真，而且她的创作让很多人欣慰，故她是有爱心的。根据第三段“Using material leftver frm her grandmther’s cllectin f utdated fabrics, Julia has sewn many f the dresses Gergie envisined. She ntes that she desn’t always fllw her “grandma sketch”, as what lks gd n paper might nt translate nt the bdy. “Grandma encurages that,” Julia explains. (朱莉娅用她祖母收集的过时面料的剩余材料缝制了许多乔吉设想的裙子。她指出，她并不总是遵循她的“奶奶草图”，因为在纸上看起来不错的东西可能无法转化为身体。“奶奶鼓励这样做，”朱莉娅解释说。)”可知，Julia并不是照搬奶奶的设计，她根据实际情况进行了改动，可见她很有才华。故选D。