专题16 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“标题概括2”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版

这是一份专题16 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“标题概括2”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习 解析版，共37页。

【近年高考考情】
1.（2023▪全国乙卷▪D篇）35题
2.（2023▪北京卷▪D篇）34题
3.（2023▪浙江1月卷▪D篇）35题
4.（2022▪新高考II卷▪C篇）31题
5.（2022▪全国甲卷▪C篇）31题
6.（2022▪全国乙卷▪C篇）31题
7.（2021▪新高考I卷▪C篇）31题
8.（2021▪全国甲卷▪D篇）35题
9.（2021▪全国乙卷▪D篇）35题
10.（2020▪全国I卷▪D篇）35题
11.（2020▪全国III卷▪D篇）35题
【实用解题妙招】
一、设问方式
1. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
2. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the passage?
3. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
二、说明文标题错误三大特征
1. 范围太宽泛
选项太过于宽泛，与文章内容相距甚远。
2. 范围太具体
选项死扣文章某一细节不适合用于标题。
3. 范围太偏颇
选项内容过于偏颇，明显偏离文章主旨。
三、说明文选标题三大方法
1.主题段法
标题段一般在文章的第一段和最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题，知道了文章的主题也就知道了文章的中心，把中心概括成一句话或一个短语即是文章的标题。
2. 主题句法
解题的关键要抓住每段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。通过寻找文章的主题句，并对主题句进行概括和提炼，从而确定文章的标题。
2. 关键词法
任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即关键词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
四、说明文选标题三大策略
1.正面肯定法
在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。
2.反面否定法
撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除荒谬者。
3.排除干扰法
研究干扰项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，易激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者注意力。
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023▪全国乙卷▪D篇）35题
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
34. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
35. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
32.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以cnversatin指的是“历史”。故选B。
35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
2.（2023▪北京卷▪D篇）34题
What is life? Like mst great questins, this ne is easy t ask but difficult t answer. The reasn is simple: we knw f just ne type f life and it’s challenging t d science with a sample size f ne. The field f artificial life-called ALife fr shrt — is the systematic attempt t spell ut life’s fundamental principles. Many f these practitiners, s-called ALifers, think that smehw making life is the surest way t really understand what life is.
S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth’s bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life’s endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
Cmpared with the develpments f Al, advances in ALife are harder t recgnize. One reasn is that ALife is a field in which the central cncept — life itself — is undefined. The lack f agreement amng ALifers desn’t help either. The result is a diverse line f prjects that each advance alng their unique paths. Fr better r wrse, ALife mirrrs the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) prgressin is a striking parallel (平行线) t the evlutinary struggles that have shaped Earth bisphere.
Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generated nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething：perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence f ALife, the authr is ________.
A. supprtiveB. puzzledC. uncncernedD. dubtful
32. What des the wrd “enamred” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. Shcked.B. Prtected.C. Attracted.D. Challenged.
33. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. ALife hlds the key t human future.
B. ALife and AI share a cmmn feature.
C. AI mirrrs the develpments f ALife.
D. AI speeds up the prcess f human evlutin.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B. Life Evlves. Can AI Help ALife Evlve, T?
C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D. Life Evlves. Can Attempts t Create ALife Evlve, T?
【答案】31. A32. C33. B34. D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。
【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。
【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamred)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。
【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。
【34题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething: perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。
3.（2023▪浙江1月卷▪D篇）35题
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What d slar develpers ften ignre?
A. The decline in the demand fr slar energy.
B. The negative impact f installing slar panels.
C. The rising labr cst f building slar farms.
D. The mst recent advances in slar technlgy.
33. What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A. Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B. Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C. Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D. Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A. T cnserve pllinatrs.B. T restrict slar develpment.
C. T diversify the ecnmy.D. T ensure the supply f energy.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB. Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD. Slar Farms: A New Develpment
【答案】32. B33. C34. A35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
32.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
4.（2022▪新高考II卷▪C篇）31题
Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using scial netwrks and taking phts. Rad accidents, which had fallen fr years, are nw rising sharply.
That is partly because peple are driving mre, but Mark Rsekind, the chief f the Natinal Highway Traffic Safety Administratin, said distracted（分心）driving was "nly increasing, unfrtunately."
"Big change requires big ideas." he said in a speech last mnth, referring bradly t the need t imprve rad safety. S t try t change a distinctly mdern behavir, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back t an ld apprach: They want t treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea frm lawmakers in New Yrk is t give plice fficers a new device called the Textalyzer. It wuld wrk like this: An fficer arriving at the scene f a crash culd ask fr the phnes f the drivers and use the Textalyzer t check in the perating system fr recent activity. The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.
"We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir,” said Félix W. Ortiz, wh pushed fr the state's 2001 ban n hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne."
28. Which f the fllwing best describes the ban n drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.
C. Incnsistent.D. Unfair.
29. What can the Textalyzer help a plice fficer find ut?
A. Where a driver came frm.B. Whether a driver used their phne.
C. Hw fast a driver was ging.D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
30. What des the underlined wrd "smething" in the last paragraph refer t?
A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.
31. What is a suitable title fr the text?
A. T Drive r Nt t Drive? Think Befre Yu Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer
C. New Yrk Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generatin Cell Phne: The Textalyzer.
【答案】28. A 29. B 30. D 31. B
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
28. A。推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, mst states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range f methds t persuade peple t put dwn their phnes when they are behind the wheel.”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the prblem, by just abut any measure, appears t be getting wrse.”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
29. B。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technlgy culd determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed r dne anything else that is nt allwed under New Yrk's hands-free driving laws.”（这项技术可以确定司机是否发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此相符，故选B。
30. D。词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need smething n the bks that can change peple's behavir.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，smething是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becmes law, he said, "peple are ging t be mre afraid t put their hands n the cell phne.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故smething指代的是法律。故选D。
31. B。主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because peple are driving mre.”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out fr the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合文章的标题。故选B。
5.（2022▪全国甲卷▪C篇）31题
Gffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cckats were presented with a bx with a nut inside it. The clear frnt f the bx had a “keyhle” in a gemetric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut.
In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age, but it will be anther year befre they are able t d the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability t recgnize that a shape will need t be turned in a specific directin befre it will fit is called an “allcentric frame f reference”. In the experiment, Gffin’s cckats were able t select the right tl fr the jb, in mst cases, by visual recgnitin alne. Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did better than mnkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Gffin’s cckats d indeed pssess an allcentric frame f reference when mving bjects in space, similar t tw-year-ld babies.
The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues (线索), r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins.
24. Hw did the cckats get the nut frm the bx in the experiment?
A. By fllwing instructins.B. By using a tl.
C. By turning the bx arund.D. By remving the lid.
25. Which task can human ne-year-lds mst likely cmplete accrding t the text?
A. Using a key t unlck a dr.B. Telling parrts frm ther birds.
C. Putting a ball int a rund hle.D. Gruping tys f different shapes.
26. What des the fllw-up test aim t find ut abut the cckats?
A. Hw far they are able t see.B. Hw they track mving bjects.
C. Whether they are smarter than mnkeys.D. Whether they use a sense f tuch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Cckats: Quick Errr CheckersB. Cckats: Independent Learners
C. Cckats: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters
24-27 BCDD
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。
24. B。事实细节题 根据第一段中的第二句 Thugh nt knwn t use tls in the wild, the birds have prved skilful at tl use while kept in the cage. 以及该段最后两句 ... the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” t chse frm. Inserting the crrect “key” wuld let ut the nut. 可知，凤头鹦鹉在笼子里使用工具很熟练，给它们形状不同的“钥匙”以供选择，插入正确的“钥匙”就能把盒子里的坚果取出来。
25. C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a rund shape in a rund hle frm arund ne year f age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。
26. D。推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, accrding t the researchers, is t try and wrk ut whether the cckats rely entirely n visual clues, r als use a sense f tuch in making their shape selectins. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。
27. D。主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Cffin’s cckats, a kind f small parrt native t Australasia, have been shwn t have similar shape-recgnitin abilities t a human tw-year-ld. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cckats: Skilful Shape-Srters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。
6.（2022▪全国乙卷▪C篇）31题
Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints. The mre regularly they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved. Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient(高效)acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety. It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies, drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways, detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. T perfrm these tasks, drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead. Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future. They will be mving n the track ahead f the train, and prgrammed t run autnmusly. Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt. With their ability t see ahead, they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
28. What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A. The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.
B. Drnes’ ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C. The reductin f cst in designing drnes.
D. Drnes’ reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
29. What des “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Persnnel safety.B. Assistance frm drnes.
C. Inspectin and repair.D. Cnstructin f infrastructure.
30. What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A . T prvide early warning.B. T make trains run autmatically.
C. T earn prfits fr the crews.D. T accelerate transprtatin.
31. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B. Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
28-31 ACAD
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
28. A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drnes are already being used t examine high-tensin electrical lines. They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选
29. C。词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, ften at night, t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway persnnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspectin and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
30. A。事实细节题 根据最后一段第一句 … detecting faults in the rail r switches, befre they can cause any safety prblems. 以及最后一句 … they culd signal any prblem, s that fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time. 可知，无人机在铁路出现任何安全问题之前可以检测其故障，提前 预警，以便高速行驶的火车能及时做出反应。
31. D。主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small grup f drnes(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmeters f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)wrldwide are safe fr trains n a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
7.（2021▪新高考I卷▪C篇）31题
When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry (迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival.Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, lwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
28. What was a cause f the waterfwl ppulatin decline in Nrth America?
A. Lss f wetlands.B. Ppularity f water sprts.
C. Pllutin f rivers.D. Arrival f ther wild animals.
29. What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire.B. Exprt.C. Destry.D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gne dwn.
B. The migratry birds have flwn away.
C. The hunters have stpped hunting.
D. The gvernment has cllected mney.
31. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Stry
B. The Natinal Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits f Saving Waterfwl
D. The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
【答案】28-31 ACDA
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由于栖息地减少，美国水禽骤减，因此联邦发行鸭票，狩猎者只有购买鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护水禽。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“Millins f waterfwl were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat.(数百万只水禽被市场猎人和一些野心勃勃的运动员杀死。数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活和安置不断增加的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地)”可知，数百万英亩的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，导致水禽的栖息地减少，水禽数量下降。故选A。
29. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces.(美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年的探险家和定居者就decimate这些资源的大部分)”可知，前后句形成转折，前一句陈述美洲原住民保护这些宝贵的自然资源，所以后句表示探险家和定居者破坏了这些自然资源，推测划线单词表示“破坏”，与destry同义。故选C。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat.(自1934年以来，已有超过5亿美元投入该基金，用于购买500多万英亩的栖息地)”可知，自1934年通过法案，政府获得超过5亿美元，已经筹集了很多资金，以购买水禽栖息地。故选D。
31.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. (根据该法案，所有16岁及以上的水禽猎人必须每年购买并携带联邦鸭章)”以及第三段“Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.(难怪联邦鸭票计划被称为有史以来最成功的保护计划之一)”可知，本文主要讲述了联邦鸭票的故事，所以“联邦鸭票的故事”可以作为文章标题。故选A。
8.（2021▪全国甲卷▪D篇）35题
Wh is a genius? This questin has greatly interested humankind fr centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almst the internatinal symbl fr genius. But we want t g beynd ne man and explre the nature f genius itself. Why is it that sme peple are s much mre intelligent r creative than the rest f us? And wh are they?
In the sciences and arts, thse praised as geniuses were mst ften white men, f Eurpean rigin. Perhaps this is nt a surprise. It's said that histry is written by the victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club—wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief—they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.
A study recently published by Science fund that as yung as age six, girls are less likely than bys t say that members f their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief: Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.” Can ur planet affrd t have any great thinkers becme discuraged and give up? It desn't take a genius t knw the answer: abslutely nt.
Here's the gd news. In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we're all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear. And the mre we lk, the mre we will see that scial factrs(因素)like gender, race, and class d nt determine the appearance f genius. As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple gd frtune, wh are able t change the wrld.”
32. What des the authr think f victrs' standards fr jining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're cnservative. C. They're bjective.D. They're strict.
33. What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They lk up t great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than bys.
D. They are likely t be influenced by scial beliefs
34. Why are mre geniuses knwn t the public?
A. Imprved glbal cmmunicatin.
B. Less discriminatin against wmen.
C. Acceptance f victrs' cncepts.
D. Changes in peple's scial psitins.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Geniuses Think AlikeB. Genius Takes Many Frms
C. Genius and IntelligenceD. Genius and Luck
【答案】32-35 ADAB
【导读】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
32. A。推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that histry is written by victrs, and thse victrs set the standards fr admissin t the genius club. When cntributins were made by geniuses utside the club-wmen, r peple f a different clr r belief-they were unacknwledged and rejected by thers.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。
33. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even wrse, the study fund that girls act n that belief. Arund age six they start t avid activities said t be fr children wh are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。
34. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired wrld with cnstant glbal cmmunicatin, we’re all psitined t see flashes f genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。
35. B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Wh is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses cme frm thse with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, wh are able t change the wrld.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。
9.（2021▪全国乙卷▪D篇）35题
Yu’ve heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源)f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明)a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒)frm a truck all at nce.
Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
28. What are Vn Wng’s artwrks intended fr?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.B. Intrducing ec-friendly prducts.
C. Drawing public attentin t plastic waste.D. Reducing garbage n the beach.
29. Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. T shw the difficulty f their recycling.B. T explain why they are useful.
C. T vice his views n mdern art. D. T find a substitute fr them.
30. What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.C. Refreshing.D. Challenging.
31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Artists’ Opinins n Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Cntemprary Art
C. Respnsibility Demanded f Big Cmpanies
D. Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
【答案】28-31 CACD
【导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了艺术家Benjamin Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作了一个巨大的雕塑作品，让人们通过这个雕塑重新审视自己与一次性塑料制品的关系。此外他在2018的一件作品“Trucklad f Plastic”说明了每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。Vn Wng通过用塑料垃圾制造巨型雕塑来唤醒和提高人们的环保意识。
28. C。推理判断题。根据第一段“But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明•冯•王（Benjamin Vn Wng）想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”可知，Vn Wng用塑料垃圾制作的雕塑想让人们重新审视与一次性塑料制品的关系，由此可知他做这个雕塑的目的是为了引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。
29. A。推理判断题。根据第三段“Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin, but they’ve recently cme under fire because mst peple dn’t need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that’s part f Vn Wng’s artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.(全球只有9%的塑料垃圾被回收。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要吸管喝饮料，而且由于它们体积小、重量轻，无法回收利用。冯•王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料。一旦饮料消失了，吸管也要几个世纪才能消失。)”可知，吸管由于体积小，重量轻，无法回收利用，由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了展示它们回收的困难。
30. C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad’s wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they’d been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce.(在2018年的一个作品中，冯•王(Vn Wng)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯•王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知，这个作品以创新的方式让人们了解到塑料垃圾以很快的速度和很大的量倾入海洋，刷新了观众对海洋塑料污染的认知，由此可推断，这个作品会让观众对塑料垃圾进入海洋这件事“耳目一新”。
31. D。标题判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.(但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯真的有什么区别吗？艺术家本杰明•冯•王(Benjamin Vn Wng)想让你知道，它确实如此。他用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系。)”和倒数第二段 (在2018年的一个作品中，冯•王(Vn Wng)想要说明一个具体的统计数字：每60秒，就有一卡车塑料进入海洋。这项名为“一卡车塑料”的作品，冯•王和一组志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从卡车上倾倒下来的。)”可知艺术家本杰明•冯•王(Benjamin Vn Wng)通过利用塑料垃圾制作巨型雕塑的方法来提示人们重新思考与一次性塑料的关系，唤醒和提高人们循环利用的意识，促进环保的发展。由此可知，D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。
10.（20210▪全国I卷▪D篇）35题
The cnnectin between peple and plants has lng been the subject f scientific research. Recent studies have fund psitive effects. A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example, discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther，emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy (MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual cmpsitin f plants in rder t get them t perfrm diverse, even unusual functins. These include plants that have sensrs printed nt their leaves t shw when they’re shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater. “We’re thinking abut hw we can engineer plants t replace functins f the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Stran, a prfessr f chemical engineering at MIT.
One f his latest prjects has been t make plants grw(发光) in experiments using sme cmmn vegetables. Stran’s team fund that they culd create a faint light fr three-and-a-half hurs. The light，abut ne-thusandth f the amunt needed t read by, is just a start. The technlgy, Stran said, culd ne day be used t light the rms r even t turn tree int self-pwered street lamps.
In the future, the team hpes t develp a versin f the technlgy that can be sprayed nt plant leaves in a ne-ff treatment that wuld last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are als trying t develp an n and ff＂switch＂where the glw wuld fade when expsed t daylight.
Lighting accunts fr abut 7% f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce(电源) —such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin(传输).
Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. A new study f different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Emplyees frm varius wrkplaces.
D. Benefits frm green plants.
33. What is the functin f the sensrs printed n plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. T detect plants’ lack f water.
B. T change cmpsitins f plants.
C. T make the life f plants lnger.
D. T test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect f the glwing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy prductin.
B. They may transmit electricity t the hme.
C. They might help reduce energy cnsumptin.
D. They culd take the place f pwer plants.
35. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Can we grw mre glwing plants?
B. Hw d we live with glwing plants?
C. Culd glwing plants replace lamps?
D. Hw are glwing plants made pllutin-free?
【答案】32-35 DACC
【导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。
32. D。主旨大意题。根据第一段中A study cnducted in Yungstwn, Ohi, fr example ,discvered that greener areas f the city experienced less crime. In anther, emplyees were shwn t be 15% mre prductive when their wrkplaces were decrated with huseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率会提高15%。由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。
33. A。细节理解题。根据第二段中These include plants that have sensrs printed n their leaves t shw when they're shrt f water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in grundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。
34. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。
35. C。主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lighting accunts fr abut 7%f the ttal electricity cnsumed in the US. Since lighting is ften far remved frm the pwer surce-such as the distance frm a pwer plant t street lamps n a remte highway-a lt f energy is lst during transmissin. Glwing plants culd reduce this distance and therefre help save energy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。
11.（2020▪全国III卷▪D篇）35题
We are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes (基因), they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years. Peple in Ethipian highlands have adapted t living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising peple in East Africa and nrthern Eurpe have gained a mutatin (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptatin - nt t air r t fd, but t the cean. A grup f sea-dwelling peple in Sutheast Asia have evlved int better divers. The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in the hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally lived n husebats; in recent times, they've als built huses n stilts (支柱) in castal waters. “They are simply a stranger t the land," said Redney C. Jubilad, a University f Hawaii researcher wh studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilad first met the Bajau while grwing up n Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing r harvesting shellfish. "We were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders," Dr. Jubilad said. “I culd see them actually walking under the sea."
In201, Melissa Ilard, then a graduate student in genetics at the University f Cpenhagen, heard abut the Bajau. She wndered if centuries f diving culd have led t the evlutin f physical characteristics that made the task easier fr them. “it seemed like the perfect chance fr natural selectin t act n a ppulatin," said Dr. Ilard. She als said there were likely a number f ther genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What des the authr want t tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Envirnmental adaptatin f cattle raisers.
B. New knwledge f human evlutin.
C. Recent findings f human rigin.
D. Significance f fd selectin.
33. Where d the Bajau build their huses?
A. In valleys.B. Near rivers.C. On the beach.D. Off the cast.
34. Why was the yung Jubilad astnished at the Bajau?
A. They culd walk n stilts all day.
B. They had a superb way f fishing.
C. They culd stay lng underwater.
D. They lived n bth land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at Sea
B. Highlanders' Survival Skills
C. Basic Methds f Genetic Research
D. The Wrld's Best Divers
32-35 BDCA
【导读】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。
32. B。推理判断题。根据第一段的we are the prducts f evlutin, and nt just evlutin that ccurred billins f years ag. As scientists lk deeper int ur genes, they are finding examples f human evlutin in just the past few thusand years.(我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数十亿年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子)可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B. New knwledge f human evlutin.(人类进化的新知识)符合以上说法。
33. D。细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these peple are knwn, number in hundreds f thusands in Indnesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditinally live n husebats; in recent times, they've als built huses n stilts in castal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D. Off the cast.(沿海)符合以上说法。
34. C。细节理解题。根据第三段的we were s amazed that they culd stay underwater much lnger than us lcal islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilad感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They culd stay lng underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上说法。
35. A。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team f researchers reprted a new kind f adaptin-nt t air r t fd, but t the cean.(周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋)可知，本文主要讲述了一种新的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋生活。A. Bdies Remdeled fr a Life at Sea.(身体为适应海洋生活而重塑)可以作为本文标题。
【名校好题强化】
（浙江省杭州重点中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题）On hliday, many will find themselves in places where they d nt speak the language. Once upn a time, they might have carried a phrasebk. The rise f English has made that less necessary. But mst peple still d nt speak English. That leaves ptins like gestures, r, increasingly, technlgy.
Ggle Translate may be the best-knwn name in machine translatin, but it ften ges wrng. Take “my wife is gluten-free,” the kind f thing yu might say at a restaurant abrad. In French r Italian, Ggle Translate interprets this as “my wife is withut gluten (谷蛋白)” — true t the wrds rather than the meaning.
The best tl may nt be a translatin app at all. ChatGPT, an AI system that generates articles accrding t users’ instructins, is multilingual. Users can tell ChatGPT t “write a message in Spanish t a waiter that my wife and I wuld like the tasting menu, but that she is gluten-free, s we wuld like substitutins fr anything that has gluten.” And ut pps a perfect paragraph, including the way Spanish-speakers actually say “my wife is gluten-free”: mi espsa es celiaca. It is mre like having a native-speaking dinner cmpanin.
Travel has lng been a mtivatr fr study — unless peple start t feel AI tls ffer a gd-enugh service. Sme are cncerned that apps are turning language learning int a decreasing pursuit. Duglas Hfstadter, a plyglt and plymath writer, has argued that smething prfund will disappear when peple talk thrugh machines. He describes giving a difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lt f wrk but ffered a sense f accmplishment at the end. Wh wuld bast f taking a helicpter t the tp f Munt Everest?
Others are less wrried. Mst peple d nt mve abrad r have lasting cntact with a freign culture that requires them t put in the wrk t becme fluent. Nr d mst peple learn languages fr the purpse f humanising themselves r training their brains. On their hliday, they just want a beer and the spaghetti carbnara withut incident (and smetimes withut gluten).
1. Accrding t the passage, what is the advantage f ChatGPT?
A. It can meet users’ specific requirements.
B. It can generate a perfect paragraph in a shrt time.
C. It can translate sentences wrd by wrd crrectly.
D. It can prvide service and cmpanin in the restaurant.
2. What is Duglas Hfstadter’s purpse f mentining a helicpter?
A. T stress the difficulty in giving a speech.
B. T shw an interesting scene f a helicpter.
C. T intrduce a way t reach the tp f Munt Everest.
D. T highlight a sense f achievement f language learning.
3. The tne f the passage can be best described as ________.
A. humrusB. seriusC. casualD. indifferent
4. What’s the best title fr the passage?
A. AI tls — deepening cmmunicatin amng peple.
B. AI tls — imprving peple’s life in freign cuntries.
C. AI tls — making travelling easier and mre cnvenient.
D. AI tls — lessening the necessity f learning freign languages.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能工具ChatGPT的出现可以满足用户的特定要求，但是一些人担心，应用程序正在把语言学习变成一种越来越少的追求。其他人则不那么担心。
1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“ChatGPT, an AI system that generates articles accrding t users’ instructins, is multilingual.(ChatGPT是一种根据用户指令生成文章的人工智能系统，它是一种多语言系统)”可知，ChatGPT的优势是满足用户的特定要求。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“He describes giving a difficult speech in Mandarin, which required a lt f wrk but ffered a sense f accmplishment at the end. Wh wuld bast f taking a helicpter t the tp f Munt Everest?(他描述了用普通话发表一场困难的演讲，这需要大量的工作，但最后会给人一种成就感。谁会夸耀自己曾乘坐直升机登上珠穆朗玛峰？)”可推知，道格拉斯•霍夫施塔特提到直升机的目的是强调语言学习的成就感。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段“It is mre like having a native-speaking dinner cmpanin.(这更像是和一个说母语的人共进晚餐)”;倒数第二段“Wh wuld bast f taking a helicpter t the tp f Munt Everest?(谁会夸耀自己曾乘坐直升机登上珠穆朗玛峰？)”以及最后一段“On their hliday, they just want a beer and the spaghetti carbnara withut incident (and smetimes withut gluten).(在他们的假期里，他们只想要一杯啤酒和一份不出意外的意大利面条（有时不加麸质）)”可推知，文章是语气是幽默的。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“The best tl may nt be a translatin app at all. ChatGPT, an AI system that generates articles accrding t users’ instructins, is multilingual.(最好的工具可能根本不是翻译应用程序。ChatGPT是一种根据用户指令生成文章的人工智能系统，它是一种多语言系统)”结合文章主要说明了人工智能工具ChatGPT的出现可以满足用户的特定要求，但是一些人担心，应用程序正在把语言学习变成一种越来越少的追求。其他人则不那么担心。可知，D选项“人工智能工具——减少学习外语的必要性”最符合文章标题。故选D。
（2023上·四川绵阳·高三绵阳南山中学实验学校校考期中）Walking thrugh an airprt is never easy. Nw imagine ding it if yu were blind. That’s the prblem faced by Chiek Asakawa, a cmputer scientist and IBM researcher. Asakawa ften flies between the US and Japan, making the jurney mnthly. If travelling alne, she has t be helped at bth ends f the flight, which smetimes invlves endless waiting. Searching fr a better alternative led Asakawa t invent a high-tech suitcase that helps get her t the place she wants t g safely.
“I never relax when I travel alne,” she says. “I always think abut what technlgy will help me travel n my wn mre easily, quickly and cmfrtably.” It was this restlessness that led t the Al suitcase.
The idea has been in develpment since 2017 in a cllabratin between IBM, ther Japanese cmpanies, and Caregie Melln University in Pennsylvania. Asakawa says there are hpes t put the suitcase n the market and a pilt prgram is prepared t use it in an airprt, a shpping mall and ther public spaces. Thugh the current versin is t full f tech t hld any clthes, that culd change in the future, she says.
As a runner, Asakawa had Olympic dreams as a child, but a swimming accident at age 11 caused her t gradually lse her sight until, aged 14, she became ttally blind. “Blind peple usually use a white cane (手杖) r a guide dg. A smart suitcase will pen up many drs fr blind peple, because we’d be able t g anywhere by urselves. Withut new technlgy, we cannt make ur sciety mre inclusive,” Asakawa says. “The suitcase is a great shwcase fr hw AI and technlgy can change the lives f the blind.”
5. What drve Asakawa t invent the suitcase?
A. The great cmmercial value f the suitcase.
B. The suggestin frm an internatinal airprt.
C. The previus experience f helping the blind.
D. The wish t finish her trip smthly withut thers’ help.
6. What can we say abut the suitcase?
A. It can hld a lt f clthes.B. It has yet t be widely used.
C. It’s certainly a lng way fr it t be n sale.D. It is ready the perfect versin.
7. What des Asakawa think f the suitcase?
A. It will change peple’s way f travelling.
B. It will make the public care fr the blind mre.
C. It will encurage scientists t d mre researches.
D. It will hugely ffer the blind freedm f mvements.
8. What is the best title fr this text?
A. Technlgy Is Changing Blind Peple’s Lives
B. An AI Suitcase Will Help the Blind G Arund
C. A Rbt Suitcase Makes Travelling Easy and Ppular
D. Travelling Alne Requires Much Curage fr the Disabled
【答案】5. D 6. B 7. D 8. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了盲人Chiek Asakawa发明了一种高科技行李箱以此来帮助盲人去往任何地方。
5. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Walking thrugh an airprt is never easy. Nw imagine ding it if yu were blind. That’s the prblem faced by Chiek Asakawa, cmputer scientist and IBM researcher. Asakawa ften flies between the US and Japan, making the jurney mnthly. If travelling alne, she has t be helped at bth ends f the flight, which smetimes includes endless waiting.(走过机场从来都不是一件容易的事。现在想象一下，如果你是盲人的话，那就更不容易了。这就是计算机科学家、IBM研究员Chiek Asakawa面临的问题。Asakawa经常往返于美国和日本之间，每月一次。如果独自旅行，她必须在航班的两端得到帮助，这有时包括无尽的等待。)”可知，Asakawa在旅行中遇到了非常多的麻烦，需要在别人的帮助下才能完成旅行。由此推知，Asakawa发明行李箱的目的就是希望在没有别人帮助下完成旅行。故选D。
6. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Asakawa says there are hpes t put the suitcase n the market and pilt prgram is prepared t use it in an airprt, a shpping mall and ther public spaces.(Asakawa说，有希望将这种行李箱推向市场，并准备在机场、购物中心和其他公共场所进行试点。)”可知，Asakawa希望将这个行李箱商业化。由此推知，这个行李箱还没有广泛运用。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“A smart suitcase will pen up many drs fr blind peple, because we’d be able t g anywhere by urselves.(一个智能行李箱将为盲人打开许多扇门，因为我们可以自己去任何地方。)”可知，Asakawa认为这个智能行李箱可以让盲人去往任何想去的地方，可得出智能手提箱将极大地解放盲人的行动。故选D。
8. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Searching fr a better alternative led Asakawa t invent a high-tech suitcase that helps get her t the place she wants t g safely.(为了寻找更好的替代品，Asakawa发明了一种高科技行李箱，可以帮助她安全地到达她想去的地方。)”可知，本文介绍了Asakawa发明的可以帮助盲人去往任何地方的智能行李箱。B项AI suitcase will help the blind g arund(智能行李箱可以帮助盲人四处走动。)为最佳标题。故选B。
（山东省烟台市2023-2024学年高三上学期11月期中英语试题）Imagine taking a flying taxi t the airprt, r crssing crwded city streets at rush hur, getting where yu want t g far faster than yu culd in a car. Believe it r nt, yu might be able t d these things in an electric air taxi sner than yu think.
An air taxi is a small aircraft—smething like a mix between a helicpter(直升飞机) and a drne(无人机)—that, can carry peple frm place t place. Air taxis dn’t need a lng runway like planes d. They can g straight up and dwn, like a helicpter.
A cmpany called Jby has been making and testing flying taxis since 2017. By 2025, Jby hpes t start carrying passengers fr mney. They’ve teamed up with Delta Air Lines t create a prgram t fly peple frm their hmes t the airprt. Jby als expects their air taxis t prvide a ride-sharing service. Just like yu might rder a car t pick yu up, yu culd use an app t rder an air taxi. Jby’s air taxis will be flwn by a pilt, and can carry fur ther passengers. They can fly as fast as 200 KPH and g arund 100 miles befre the electric batteries need t be recharged.
Jby claims their taxis are bth quieter and cheaper than helicpters. The cmpany expects t charge abut $3 a mile at first. But ver time, they hpe t bring the price dwn t less than $1 per mile.
Exciting as the idea f flying taxis is, sme peple have cncerns abut them. The taxis may be quieter than helicpters, but they’ll still add nise and traffic t ur skies and endanger public safety when passengers are flying thrugh the air.
Still, it seems likely that air taxis will be part f the future f travel. The U.S. gvernment says, “We culd see air taxis in the skies by 2024 r 2025.”
9. What are the main features f the air taxi?
A. Traditinal and expensive.B. Cnvenient and ecnmical.
C. Advanced but space-taking.D. Safe but energy-cnsuming.
10. Why are helicpters mentined in the text?
A. T give a guess.B. T present an argument.
C. T make a cmparisn.D. T intrduce a phenmenn.
11. What des paragraph 5 mainly tell us cncerning the flying taxi?
A. Its market risks.B. Its prmising future.
C. Its wide recgnitin.D. Its pssible weaknesses.
12. What can be the best title fr the text?
A. Flying Taxis Are Starting t Take Off
B. Jby Has Already Mass-prduced Air Taxis
C. A Slutin Is Used t Slve Traffic Prblems
D. America Has Imprved Ride-sharing Services
【答案】9. B 10. C 11. D 12. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了空中出租车的相关信息。
9. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Imagine taking a flying taxi t the airprt, r crssing crwded city streets at rush hur, getting where yu want t g far faster than yu culd in a car. Believe it r nt, yu might be able t d these things in an electric air taxi sner than yu think.(想象一下，坐飞行出租车去机场，或者在高峰时间穿过拥挤的城市街道，以比开车快得多的速度到达你想去的地方。信不信由你，你可能会在电动空中出租车上做这些事情，这发生得比你想象的都要快。)”可推知，电动空中出租车可以给人们带来便利。根据第四段中的“Jby claims their taxis are bth quieter and cheaper than helicpters.(Jby声称他们的出租车比直升机更安静、更便宜。)”可知，空中出租车价格便宜。故选B。
10. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“They can g straight up and dwn, like a helicpter.(它们可以像直升机一样直上直下。)”和第五段中的“The taxis may be quieter than helicpters, but they’ll still add nise and traffic t ur skies and endanger public safety when passengers are flying thrugh the air.(这种出租车可能比直升机更安静，但当乘客在空中飞行时，它们仍然会给我们的天空增加噪音和交通，并危及公共安全。)”可知，作者提到空中出租车像直升机一样可以直上直下，而且它比直升机更加安静，由此可推测出，提直升机是为了将它与空中出租车作比较。故选C。
11. 段落大意题。根据第五段“Exciting as the idea f flying taxis is, sme peple have cncerns abut them. The taxis may be quieter than helicpters, but they’ll still add nise and traffic t ur skies and endanger public safety when passengers are flying thrugh the air.(尽管飞行出租车的想法令人兴奋，但一些人对它们表示担忧。这种出租车可能比直升机更安静，但当乘客在空中飞行时，它们仍然会给我们的天空增加噪音和交通，并危及公共安全。)”可知，本段讲述了一些人担心空中出租车会产生噪音、增加交通负担、危机公共安全，这些都是空中出租车的潜在缺点。故选D。
12. 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段最后一句“Believe it r nt, yu might be able t d these things in an electric air taxi sner than yu think.(信不信由你，你可能会在电动空中出租车上做这些事情，这发生得比你想象的都要快。)”讲述了电动空中出租车即将成为现实，第二段讲述了这种出租车的特征，第三、四段讲述了Jby公司对这种出租车的研究和设想，第五段提到了人们对这种出租车的担忧，最后一段中的“Still, it seems likely that air taxis will be part f the future f travel.(尽管如此，空中出租车似乎很可能成为未来出行的一部分。)”进行总结：未来空中出租车有很大的前景。由此可推测出，本文主要讲述了空中出租车即将成为现实，A项“飞行的出租车即将开始起飞”最适合作为本文标题。故选A。
（浙江省湖州中学、嘉兴中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中联考英语试题）In the digital age, it has becme easy fr students t find and cpy published material. Cpying anther persn’s writing withut giving them credit is called plagiarism. Universities in the U.S. have rules fr aviding plagiarism. But learning t crrectly fllw these rules can be difficult fr sme internatinal students.
Cpyright law prtects riginal wrks f authrship including bks, mvies, images and artwrks. Hwever, the law permits the unlicensed use fr activities including cmment, educatin and research. Therefre, students can include a small part f ed wrks in their writing and research if they prvide credit, r citatin (引文), t the creatrs f the wrks. Many universities even urge students t give credit t what they get frm cnversatins with prfessrs r ther students. Harvard even warns students abut cpying themselves. That is, they cannt hand in the same wrk fr mre than ne class withut the permissin f their instructrs.
It is easy fr prfessrs t knw whether a student has plagiarized. First, there are cmputer prgrams that cmpare students’ papers t large databases f published writing. The prgrams can identify whether students have cpied published writing. Secnd, if English is nt a student’s first language, a prfessr might recgnize a change in vcabulary and writing style. The punishment fr plagiarism can vary. Prfessrs culd simply warn a student nt t d it again, lwer their grade, r they may fail the student in that class. In mre extreme cases, a student may be temprarily banned frm schl.
There are free tls students can use. Zter is a free, pen-surce prgram that helps rganize all the research a student may use. Fr example, it can autmatically create citatins and cmbine them int a list. The Purdue OWL is anther free resurce. Many universities als have writing centers where students can learn the citatin rules. And anther way is t read published papers and pay attentin t hw infrmatin is presented. Students shuld bserve when and hw citatins are used, which can help them learn the rules f citatins.
13. What must students d when using a small part f ed wrks?
A. Have a cnversatin with prfessrs.B. Ask fr permissin frm the authrs.
C. Offer credit t the riginal creatrs.D. Explain the purpse f using them.
14. Hw can prfessrs knw if their students are plagiarizing?
A. By making a specific cmparisn.B. By recrding the students’ learning experience.
C. By learning the students’ first language.D. By researching int the database f writing.
15. What des the authr want t stress in the last paragraph?
A. The tips n when citatins are used.B. The ways f making a citatin safe.
C. The rules f using free resurce.D. The free resurces n the website.
16. What is the best title f this text?
A. Learning Plagiarism in the Digital AgeB. Cmmenting n ed wrks
C. Realizing the Influence f PlagiarismD. Fllwing Rules t Avid Plagiarism
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在数字时代，如何遵守规则而避免抄袭。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Therefre, students can include a small part f ed wrks in their writing and research if they prvide credit, r citatin (引文), t the creatrs f the wrks.”（因此，如果学生向作品创作者致谢或引文，他们可以在写作和研究中包含一小部分受版权保护的作品。）可知，如果学生向原创作者致谢或标注引文，可以在写作或者研究中包含一小部分有版权的内容，由此可知要使用有版权的内容可以对原创作者致谢或标注引文。故选C项。
14. 细节理解题。根据第三段“First, there are cmputer prgrams that cmpare students’ papers t large databases f published writing.”（首先，有一些计算机程序可以将学生的论文与已发表文章的大型数据库进行比较。）可知，教授可以使用特定程序，辨别学生是否使用了已发表的写作。故选A项。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are free tls students can use. Zter is a free, pen-surce prgram that helps rganize all the research a student may use.”（学生可以使用免费的工具。Zter是一个免费的开源程序，可以帮助组织学生可能使用的所有研究。）及“Many universities als have writing centers where students can learn the citatin rules. And anther way is t read published papers and pay attentin t hw infrmatin is presented. Students shuld bserve when and hw citatins are used, which can help them learn the rules f citatins.”（许多大学也有写作中心，学生可以在那里学习引文规则。另一种方法是阅读已发表的论文，并注意信息的呈现方式。学生应该观察引文的使用时间和方式，这可以帮助他们学习引文的规则。）可知，最后一段主要介绍了可以免费使用的工具，学生可以在写作中心学习一些引文规则或是阅读出版作品，学生应应该观察引文的使用时间和方式，由此推断本段主要强调了使用引文的安全方法。故选B项。
16. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Universities in the U.S. have rules fr aviding plagiarism. But learning t crrectly fllw these rules can be difficult fr sme internatinal students.”（美国的大学有避免剽窃的规定。但对于一些国际学生来说，学习正确遵守这些规则可能很困难。）、第二段“Therefre, students can include a small part f ed wrks in their writing and research if they prvide credit, r citatin, t the creatrs f the wrks.”（因此，如果学生向作品创作者提供致谢或引文，他们可以在写作和研究中包含一小部分受版权保护的作品。）第三段“It is easy fr prfessrs t knw whether a student has plagiarized.”（教授们很容易知道一个学生是否抄袭了。）、及第四段“There are free tls students can use. ”（学生可以使用免费的工具。）可知，本文的主要话题是要介绍各种防止抄袭的方法和抄袭的影响以及如何使用引文更安全的方法，从而得知本文主要介绍了如何遵循一些规则，避免抄袭。故选D项。
（2023上·山东济宁·高三校考期中）Frm rlling hills t muntain ranges, views make any rad trip memrable, but fr blind passenger this is part f the experience they miss. Mtr cmpany Frd tries t change that. It teamed up with GTB Rma and Ae d Prject t develp a technlgy that will give thse unfrtunate passengers a way t feel nature’s beauty thrugh their car windws.
The prttype (原型) f the smart car windw has a device with an utside-facing camera. With just a press f a buttn, the system takes a picture f the current view. The clrful picture is then turned int an image with different shades f grey thrugh LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes ver different regins f the image, its shaking mvements prvide feedback thrugh the sense f tuch t the persn using it. The smart windw als cmes with a vice assistant that uses Al t identify the scene and help the passengers get infrmatin n what they’re seeing.
“As the prttype started taking shape, we realized we were giving birth t a cmpletely new language that wuld give blind peple a new chance t visualize and experience traveling,” Federic Russ, ne directr f GTB Rma, said. “When the idea was at its first stage, we lked fr suppliers all arund the wrld t make it cme t life.“ He believes the technlgy can be emplyed nt just in cars. “It culd be intrduced int schls and institutins fr blind peple as a tl that culd be used in multiple ways.”
The technlgy may shw up in a Frd autnmus vehicle. It’s knwn that the cmpany is testing their technlgy and future business mdel and struggling t figure ut hw an autnmus vehicle gives different passengers the details needed t get frm ne destinatin t anther. It’s unclear when this technlgy will be made available. Hwever, the idea f building smething fr the less advantaged is indeed a kind and influential actin.
17. Hw des the smart car windw wrk?
A. By reacting t changing clrs.
B. By translating scenery int vibratins.
C. By cntrlling shaking mvements with vice.
D. By searching fr the previusly stred pictures.
18. What des Federic Russ say abut the technlgy?
A. It will have a wide applicatin.
B. It will make language learning easy.
C. It will sn be tested acrss the wrld.
D. It will change traditinal way f travelling.
19. What is the prblem the Frd cmpany is struggling t slve nw?
A. Develping autnmus cars.
B. Enabling the disabled t drive cars.
C. Replacing the traditinal business mdel.
D. Prviding persnalized rute infrmatin.
20. Which can be the best title fr the text?
A. AI-based Windw Adds Fun t Rad Trips
B. Technlgy Makes Peple’s Life Enjyable
C. Frd Plans t Launch a Smart Car fr the Blind
D. Smart Windw Lets Blind Passengers Feel Views
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. D 20. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了福特公司联合GTB Rma和Aed Prject研发了一款智能车窗，帮助盲人感受旅途中的风景，带给盲人全新的旅行体验。
17. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The prttype (原型) f the smart car windw has a device with an utside-facing camera. With just a press f a buttn, the system takes a picture f the current view. The clrful picture is then turned int an image with different shades f grey thrugh LED lights, which vibrates (震动) differently. As the finger passes ver different regins f the image, its shaking mvements prvide feedback thrugh the sense f tuch t the persn using it.(智能车窗的原型有一个面向外部的摄像头。只需按下一个按钮，系统就会拍下当前视图的照片。然后，通过不同振动的LED灯，将彩色图像转换成不同灰度的图像。当手指经过图像的不同区域时，它的抖动动作通过触觉向使用它的人提供反馈)”可知，智能车窗通过将风景转化为振动来工作。故选B。
18. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He believes the technlgy can be emplyed nt just in cars. ‘It culd be intrduced int schls and institutins fr blind peple as a tl that culd be used in multiple ways.’(他认为，这项技术不仅可以应用于汽车。“它可以作为一种工具引入盲人学校和机构，可以以多种方式使用。”)”可知，Federic Russ认为这项技术不仅可以应用于汽车，还可以作为一种多种用途的工具引人盲人学校和为盲人服务的机构。由此可推知，Federic Russ认为这项技术有广泛的应用价值。故选A。
19. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“It’s knwn that the cmpany is testing their technlgy and future business mdel and struggling t figure ut hw an autnmus vehicle gives different passengers the details needed t get frm ne destinatin t anther. It’s unclear when this technlgy will be made available.(众所周知，该公司正在测试他们的技术和未来的商业模式，并努力弄清楚自动驾驶汽车如何为不同的乘客提供从一个目的地到另一个目的地所需的细节)”可知，福特公司正在努力弄清楚自动驾驶汽车如何为不同乘客提供从一个目的地到另一个目的地所需的信息。由此可知，福特公司想要努力解决的问题是提供个性化的路线信息。故选D。
20. 主旨大意题。阅读全文尤其是第一段内容“Frm rlling hills t muntain ranges, views make any rad trip memrable, but fr blind passenger this is part f the experience they miss. Mtr cmpany Frd tries t change that. It teamed up with GTB Rma and Ae d Prject -t develp a technlgy that will give thse unfrtunate passengers a way t feel nature’s beauty thrugh their car windws.(从连绵起伏的丘陵到山脉，景色让任何公路旅行都令人难忘，但对于盲人乘客来说，这是他们错过的体验的一部分。汽车公司福特试图改变这一点。它与GTB Rma和Ae d Prject合作开发了一种技术，让那些不幸的乘客通过车窗感受大自然的美丽)”可知，本文主要介绍了福特公司联合GTB Rma和Ae d Prject研发了一款智能车窗，这种智能车窗使盲人有可能感受到旅途中的风景，故D项“智能窗户让盲人乘客感受美景”作标题最为恰当。故选D。
（2023上·河南·高三安阳一中校联考阶段练习）When rains fell in the Atacama Desert fr the first time in centuries, scientists had expected t see life blssm (繁盛). Instead, almst everything died. The shcking discvery was published in the jurnal Scientific Reprts. Fund in nrthern Chile, the dry cre f the Atacama Desert hadn’t experienced rain fr the past 500 years. But three years ag, rain started t fall nce again in the regin.
A changing climate in the Pacific Ocean resulted in the desert’s dry cre experiencing rain n March 25 and August 9, 2015, and it rained again n June 7, 2017. There was n evidence f rain in this regin fr the past 500 years, althugh climate mdels suggested it shuld ccur every century.
The internatinal team f scientists wh studied the regin were hping fr deserts springing t life. “Instead, we learned the cntrary, as we fund that rain in the dry cre f the Atacama Desert caused a massive extinctin f mst native micrbe (微生物) species there, ”said study c-authr Albert Fairén.
Befre the rain fell, this regin f the Atacama had been hme t 16 different ancient micrbe species. But after the rain fell, just tw t fur species were still fund t be surviving in the resultant pl f water. The cause f the extinctin event, believed t have been abut 85 percent f life in the sil, was caused by the sudden influx f water. In particular, these micrbes were adapted t survive in extreme dryness. They were unable t adapt quickly enugh t the unexpected rainfall.
But it’s nt all bad news. The team als fund nitrates (硝酸盐) in the Atacama Desert that were indicative f a lengthy dry perid, while als acting as fd fr the micrbes. And we’ve recently fund nitrates n Mars, which culd be indicating a similar prcess there.
21. Hw did the scientists find their discvery accrding t Albert Fairén?
A. Satisfying.B. Astnishing.C. Amusing.D. Cmfrting.
22. What des the underlined wrd“influx”in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Shrtage.B. Need.C. Arrival.D. Test.
23. What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
A. The resultant pl f water was a wildlife habitat.
B. The team plans t turn the desert int a green land.
C. Scientists have bserved lts f micrbes n Mars.
D. The finding brught sme hpe t relevant studies.
24. Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A. Unexpected Rainfalls Hit a Desert Badly
B. A Science Magazine Increased in Ppularity
C. Scientists Unlcked the Secret behind Drught
D. A Breakthrugh Occurred in Space Explratin
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 24. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。Atacama Desert沙漠的核心区域500年间从未下雨，近年却因气候变化迎来降雨。科学家们研究发现，雨水并未让这片不毛之地焕发生机，相反，给那里的微生物带来了灭顶之灾。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段“When rains fell in the Atacama Desert fr the first time in centuries, scientists had expected t see life blssm (繁盛). Instead, almst everything died. The shcking discvery was published in the jurnal Scientific Reprts. (当阿塔卡马沙漠几个世纪以来第一次下雨时，科学家们曾期望看到生命开花。相反，几乎所有东西都死了。这一令人震惊的发现发表在《科学报告》杂志上。)”以及第三段“The internatinal team f scientists wh studied the regin were hping fr deserts springing t life. “Instead, we learned the cntrary, as we fund that rain in the dry cre f the Atacama Desert caused a massive extinctin f mst native micrbe (微生物) species there, ”said study c-authr Albert Fairén.(研究该地区的国际科学家团队希望沙漠能够出现。“相反，我们了解到相反的情况，因为我们发现阿塔卡马沙漠干燥核心的雨水导致了那里大多数本地微生物物种的大规模灭绝，”该研究的合著者阿尔贝托·费尔卡曼说。)”可知，科学家们对他们的发现感到很吃惊。故选B。
22. 词义猜测题。根据画线词前“But after the rain fell, just tw t fur species were still fund t be surviving in the resultant pl f water. (但在降雨之后，人们发现只有两到四个物种在由此形成的水池中幸存下来。)”及画线词后“In particular, these micrbes were adapted t survive in extreme dryness. They were unable t adapt quickly enugh t the unexpected rainfall.(特别是，这些微生物适应了在极端干燥的环境中生存。他们无法足够快地适应突如其来的降雨)”可推断，灭绝事件的原因是是由突然涌入的水引起的，画线词与Arrival的意思最接近。故选C。
23. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“And we’ve recently fund nitrates n Mars, which culd be indicating a similar prcess there.(我们最近在火星上发现了硝酸盐，这可能表明火星上也有类似的过程。)”可推断，在这片沙漠里发现了硝酸盐，为相关科研带来了些许希望。故选D。
24. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“When rains fell in the Atacama Desert fr the first time in centuries, scientists had expected t see life blssm (繁盛). Instead, almst everything died. The shcking discvery was published in the jurnal Scientific Reprts. (当阿塔卡马沙漠几个世纪以来第一次下雨时，科学家们曾期望看到生命开花。相反，几乎所有东西都死了。这一令人震惊的发现发表在《科学报告》杂志上。)”可知，本文主要介绍Atacama Desert沙漠的核心区域500年间从未下雨，近年突如其来的雨水并未让这片不毛之地焕发生机，反而给那里的微生物带来了灭顶之灾。故选A。
（2023上·辽宁·高三凤城市第一中学校联考期中）An imprtant lessn in the mral educatin f children culd be as clse as the bk in their hands. Stries matter. And they can play a rle in changing the imprtance f particular mral values in yung audiences, accrding t the results f a new study.
Lindsay Hahn, an assistant prfessr f cmmunicatin in the University at Buffal Cllege f Arts and Sciences, is the first authr f the new study. The new study adds imprtant nuance (细微差别) t a bdy f literature that explres hw media cntent affects children. Hahn’s study lks at hw expsure t cntent featuring specific mral values (care, fairness, lyalty, and authrity) might influence hw much imprtance kids place n thse values.
D children reading abut particular mral characteristics absrb thse mral values as a building blck fr their wn mrality? The findings shw that they d, and further supprt hw this indirect apprach t influencing children’s mrality can add t the direct teaching f mral principles kids might receive thrugh frmal instructin.
“Parents, caregivers, and teachers are ften wndering hw media can be used fr gd,” says Hahn. “Hw can it be used fr gd things? Hw can it discurage bad habits? Hw can it be educatinal?”
“When parents are cnsidering what media they might want t select fr their children, they can take int accunt what particular mral value is being emphasized by the main character,” she says.
Fr the study, Hahn and her clleagues tk the main character frm a yung adult nvel and edited the cntent t reflect in each versin the study’s fcus n ne f fur mrl values. Thse narratives were shared with rughly 200 participants between the ages f 10 and 14.
This is a favrable range fr media research because it’s mre difficult t intrduce narrative cmprehensin in yunger kids, while equally challenging t hld the attentin f lder adlescents, wh becme bred with basic strylines, accrding t Hahn. The team then created a scale designed t measure the imprtance kids place n mral values t determine hw participants might be influenced by specific narratives.
25. What des the authr mean by the underlined wrds?
A. Stries are necessary fr educatin.
B. Reading stries t children means a lt.
C. Stries are imprtant t children’s mrals.
D. Reading stries in bks is the right methd.
26. What are many parents cncerned abut, accrding t Lindsay Hahn?
A. Hw t make gd use f media.
B. Hw t replace media with bks.
C. Hw t limit their children’s use f media.
D. Hw t mnitr their children’s media use.
27. Why did the researchers chse participants aged frm 10 t 14?
A. They cannt be easily influenced by specific narratives.
B. It is challenging t hld the attentin f yunger children.
C. They are ld enugh and are less likely t be bred by stries.
D. It is harder t intrduce narrative cmprehensin t lder adlescents.
28. What might be the best title fr the text?
A. The Influence f Media Use n Children
B. Mral Values Need t Be Taught Early
C. The Imprtance f Mral Educatin in Schl
D. Mrals in Stries Play a Psitive Rle in Teens
【答案】25. C 26. A 27. C 28. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一项研究发现，故事中的良好道德在改变青少年价值观方面发挥积极作用。
25. 词义猜测题。根据划线句子后的“And they can play a rle in changing the imprtance f particular mral values in yung audiences, accrding t the results f a new study.(根据一项新研究的结果，它们可以在改变年轻受众特定道德价值观的重要性方面发挥作用。)”可知，根据研究发现，故事在改变年轻读者的特定的道德价值观的重要性方面发挥着重要的作用，由此可知，划线句子的意思与“故事在孩子的道德教育上起着重要的作用”意义相近。故选C项。
26. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的““Parents, caregivers, and teachers are ften wndering hw media can be used fr gd,” says Hahn. “Hw can it be used fr gd things? Hw can it discurage bad habits? Hw can it be educatinal?”(Hahn说：“家长、照顾者和老师经常想知道如何利用媒体做有益的事。”“它怎么能用在好的事情上呢?”它怎么能阻止坏习惯呢？这怎么能让它有教育意义呢？”)”可知，Hahn说很多家长对如何利用媒体做一些好的事情很是担心，有各种疑问，由此可知，很多家长担心的是如何利用媒体。故选A项。
27. 推理判断题。根据尾段中的“This is a favrable range fr media research because it’s mre difficult t intrduce narrative cmprehensin in yunger kids, while equally challenging t hld the attentin f lder adlescents, wh becme bred with basic strylines, accrding t Hahn.(根据Hahn的说法，这对媒体研究来说是一个有利的范围，因为向年幼的孩子介绍叙事理解更困难，同时保持年龄较大的青少年的注意力同样具有挑战性，他们对基本的故事情节感到厌倦。)”可知，向太小的孩子介绍叙事理解更困难，而让保持大一些孩子的注意力更具挑战性，他们会对一些基本的故事情节感到厌倦，由此可知，之所以选择这个年龄段的孩子，是因为这个年龄段的孩子已经足够大了，不太可能对故事感到厌倦。故选C项。
28. 主旨大意题。根据首段中的 “And they can play a rle in changing the imprtance f particular mral values in yung audiences, accrding t the results f a new study. (根据一项新研究的结果，它们可以在改变年轻受众特定道德价值观的重要性方面发挥作用。)” 可知，根据研究发现，故事在改变年轻读者的特定的道德价值观的重要性方面发挥着重要的作用，结合下文中对Hahn这项研究的内容、研究对象和研究方法的介绍可知，本文重要介绍的是一项研究发现故事在青少年道德教育中起着积极的作用，所以本文的题目为“故事中的道德对青少年有积极的影响”与本文的内容一致，且概括了本文的主题。故选D项。
（2023上·甘肃天水·高三校考阶段练习）Smeday, yu may n lnger need t brush yur teeth by hand. Instead, a grup f billins f nanparticles (纳米粒子) culd autmatically d all that wrk fr yu. It wuld be especially life-changing fr peple wh find it difficult r impssible t hld and mve a tthbrush.
Steager, an engineer at the University f Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun K, an inventr and dental researcher there, fund a way t frm the nanparticles int lng, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lt like the nes n a tthbrush. But these bristles shape-shift t fit whatever surface they encunter.
The tth-cleaning rbt wrks thanks t tw magnets (磁铁). One ges each side f the teeth. The nanparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets. When the magnets are turned ff, the nanparticles mve randmly in the liquid. As sn as ne magnet gets turned n, the nanparticles gather tgether near its center. When the researchers turn n the ther magnet and turn ff the first ne, the nanparticles extend utward in lng, skinny bristles When there’s a tth in the way, these bristles can’t stretch ut as far as they want. S they push against the tth’s surface. If there’s a gap between teeth, they push int the gap. Mving the magnets makes the bristles mve against and between teeth. All that mtin cleans the teeth. As a bnus, the nanparticles als have strng pwer t kill viruses.
The new device is just a prf f cncept The researchers still need t turn it int a prduct that peple will want t use. “There’s a lt f engineering t get frm here t there, but every gd idea needs t have a start.” says Steager.
29. What is special abut the tth cleaner?
A. It’s water-prf.B. It’s transfrmable.
C. It lks like a tthbrush.D. It cntains skinny bristles.
30. What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. The wrking principle.B. The magnets mtin.
C. The virus-killing prcess.D. The bristles frmatin.
31. Hw des Steager feel abut the future f the device?
A. UncertainB. CnfidentC. CncernedD. Surprised.
32. Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title?
A. A Tth-Cleaner Fighting BacteriaB. A Breakthrugh in Medicine
C. A Shape-Shifting Rbtic Tth-CleanerD. A New Cncept fr a New Start
【答案】29. B 30. A 31. B 32. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宾夕法尼亚大学的两位工程师发明的纳米牙刷，这种自动装置不仅能够自动刷牙而且还可以有效除菌。
29. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But these bristles shape-shift t fit whatever surface they encunter. (但这些刷毛的形状会发生变化，以适应它们遇到的任何表面。)”可知，这种牙刷的特殊之处在于的刷毛的形状会发生变化。故选B。
30. 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The tth-cleaning rbt wrks thanks t tw magnets (磁铁). One ges each side f the teeth. The nanparticles sit in a liquid between the magnets. When the magnets are turned ff, the nanparticles mve randmly in the liquid. As sn as ne magnet gets turned n, the nanparticles gather tgether near its center. When the researchers turn n the ther magnet and turn ff the first ne, the nanparticles extend utward in lng, skinny bristles When there’s a tth in the way, these bristles can’t stretch ut as far as they want. S they push against the tth’s surface. If there’s a gap between teeth, they push int the gap. Mving the magnets makes the bristles mve against and between teeth. All that mtin cleans the teeth. (清洁牙齿的机器人靠两块磁铁工作。牙齿两侧各一根。纳米颗粒位于磁铁之间的液体中。当磁铁关闭时，纳米颗粒在液体中随机移动。一旦一个磁体被打开，纳米粒子就会聚集在磁体中心附近。当研究人员打开另一个磁体并关闭第一个磁体时，纳米颗粒向外延伸成细长的刚毛，当有牙齿挡道时，这些刚毛就不能像它们想要的那样伸展。所以它们会挤压牙齿表面。如果牙齿之间有缝隙，它们就会挤进去。移动磁铁可以使刷毛在牙齿之间移动。所有这些动作都能清洁牙齿。)”可知，这一段主要讲述了牙刷的工作原理。故选A。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““There’s a lt f engineering t get frm here t there, but every gd idea needs t have a start.” says Steager. (“从这里到那里有很多工程要做，但每个好的想法都需要有一个开始，”Steager说)”可推知，Steager对这款牙刷未来的发展很有信心。故选B。
32. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“Steager, an engineer at the University f Pennsylvania (Penn) in Philadelphia and Hyun K, an inventr and dental researcher there, fund a way t frm the nanparticles int lng, skinny bristles (刷毛), a lt like the nes n a tthbrush. But these bristles shape-shift t fit whatever surface they encunter. (费城宾夕法尼亚大学的工程师Steager和那里的发明家兼牙科研究员Hyun K发现了一种将纳米颗粒形成细长刷毛的方法，很像牙刷上的刷毛。但这些刷毛的形状会发生变化，以适应它们遇到的任何表面)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍一款可变形的机器人牙齿清洁器。由此可知，C. A Shape-Shifting Rbtic Tth-Cleaner (一个可变形的机器人牙齿清洁器)适合作本文最佳标题。故选C。
（2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）In 2022, campaign grup Fashin Revlutin Chelsea dye garden fr its Chelsea Flwer Shw presentatin. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whse time has cme again, with hand tie-dyed fashin als making a cmeback in recent years.
The revival has been encuraged by Cvid lckdwns, “which allwed peple t explre the craft at hme,” says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, thugh, that the practice wuld have caught n in quite the same way if nt fr a cntinually grwing discmfrt abut fashin’s heavy ftprint. Frm carbn emissins t animal cruelty, fashin is under cnsiderable inspectin. “Put it this way, 97% f dyes used in the industry are petrchemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashin cnsultant Jackie Andrews, wh helped advise the UN Ethical Fashin Initiative. “We’ve gt net zer targets which mean we’re ging t have t remve all thse petrchemicals frm the manufacturing cycle.”
Fashin is a huge plluter. Accrding t the UN Envirnment Prgram, the industry is respnsible fr up t ne-fifth f all industrial water pllutin — due t the fact that mst clthes tday are prduced in prer cuntries where regulatin is weak and enfrcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly int rivers and streams, pisning the land as well as the water surces f peple and animals wh rely n them.
It’s easy t see why smene wh cares abut peple, planet and animals, as well as clthes, might turn t natural plant dyeing. Frm the beauty f the raw materials-ften wild plants-t the prperty f nly bnding with natural fiber like cttn and linen, frm the minr ftprint f upclycling ld clthing that has grayed r faded ver time t the vibrant and lng-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act f rebellin. This is why, while beginners start with simply changing their clthes’ clr, new wrlds pen. Many f tday’s natural dyers grw their wn dye plants, run lcal cmmunity wrkshps, and advcate fr change in industrialized fashin systems and beynd.
33. What is the main reasn fr the grwing discmfrt mentined in paragraph 2?
A. The adptin f petrchemical-based dyes.
B. The challenging net zer targets t be achieved.
C. The fashin industry’s fcus n luxurius designs.
D. The disturbing cnsequences f the fashin industry.
34. The authr illustrates “Fashin is a huge plluter” by ______.
A. making a cmparisnB. giving examples
C. listing numbersD. intrducing a new tpic
35. What des the underlined phrase “a quiet act f rebellin” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A. A prtest against turning t natural fiber.
B. An bjectin t upcycling ld clthing.
C. A struggle fr a sustainable fashin industry.
D. A resistance t vibrant clrs in natural dyeing.
36. What wuld be the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A. The Envirnmental Impact f Natural Dyeing
B. Fashin Revlutin’s Dye Garden Presentatin
C. The Return f Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
D. The Petrchemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
【答案】33. D 34. B 35. C 36. C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍天然染色工艺的回归。
33. 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s unlikely, thugh, that the practice wuld have caught n in quite the same way if nt fr a cntinually grwing discmfrt abut fashin’s heavy ftprint. Frm carbn emissins t animal cruelty, fashin is under cnsiderable inspectin. (然而，如果不是因为人们对时尚的沉重足迹不断感到不安，这种做法不太可能以同样的方式流行起来。从碳排放到虐待动物，时尚都受到了广泛的关注。)”可知，时尚业也存在碳排放到虐待动物问题，所以人们感到不适是因为时尚产业令人不安的后果。故选D。
34. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Fashin is a huge plluter. Accrding t the UN Envirnment Prgram, the industry is respnsible fr up t ne-fifth f all industrial water pllutin — due t the fact that mst clthes tday are prduced in prer cuntries where regulatin is weak and enfrcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly int rivers and streams, pisning the land as well as the water surces f peple and animals wh rely n them. (时尚是一个巨大的污染源。根据联合国环境规划署的数据，该行业造成了高达五分之一的工业水污染，因为目前大多数服装都是在监管薄弱、执法力度更弱的贫穷国家生产的。废水被直接倾倒到河流和溪流中，毒害了土地以及依赖它们的人和动物的水源。)”可知，这一段利用实际例子来说明时尚是一个巨大的污染源。故选B。
35. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“It’s easy t see why smene wh cares abut peple, planet and animals, as well as clthes, might turn t natural plant dyeing. Frm the beauty f the raw materials-ften wild plants-t the prperty f nly bnding with natural fiber like cttn and linen, frm the minr ftprint f upclycling ld clthing that has grayed r faded ver time t the vibrant and lng-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act f rebellin. (很容易理解为什么一个关心人、地球、动物以及衣服的人会转向天然植物染色。从原料的美丽（通常是野生植物）到只与棉花和亚麻等天然纤维结合的特性，从随着时间的推移变灰或褪色的旧衣服的微小足迹到充满活力和持久的染色效果，植物染色感觉就像是a quiet act f rebellin。)”可知，这里是描述指物染色和化学染色不一样，所以它是对化学染色的反抗，是对可持续发展的维护。a quiet act f rebellin的意思应该是“为可持续发展而做的斗争”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。
36. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 2022, campaign grup Fashin Revlutin Chelsea dye garden fr its Chelsea Flwer Shw presentatin. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whse time has cme again, with hand tie-dyed fashin als making a cmeback in recent years. (2022年，时尚革命运动组织切尔西染料花园在切尔西花展上亮相。天然染色是一种古老的工艺，它的时代又来了，近年来手工扎染的时尚也卷土重来。)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍天然染色工艺的回归，C项“天然染色的回归与伦理诉求”符合文意。故选C。
（2024·江西景德镇·统考一模）The PAL-V Liberty is a revlutinary vehicle that can travel n bth land and air. It is the wrld’s first cmmercial flying car, and it is nw available fr pre-rder. The PAL-V Liberty is develped by a Dutch cmpany called PAL-V Internatinal B. V., which stands fr Persnal Air and Land Vehicle. The cmpany has been wrking n the prject since 2001, and has successfully tested the prttype in 2012.
The PAL-V Liberty is a tw-seater hybrid car and gyrplane, which means it has a three-wheeled chassis and a fldable rtr n tp. It can switch between driving mde and flying mde in abut 10 minutes, with the help f a semi-autmatic system. It has a tp speed f 160 km/h n the rad and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up t 500 km n a single tank f fuel. It uses regular gasline, and can be refueled at any gas statin.
The PAL-V Liberty is expected t be delivered t custmers in 2023, alter btaining the necessary certificatins frm aviatin authrities. The cmpany claims that the vehicle meets the existing regulatins f bth cars and aircrafts, and that it is safe and easy t perate. Hwever, the PAL-V Liberty is nt a cheap vehicle, nr is it accessible t everyne. It csts599,000 eurs (abut 4.7 millin yuan) fr the Pineer Editin, which includes flight training curses, pwer heating and persnalizatin ptins. There is als a cheaper Sprt Editin, which csts 299,000 eurs (abut 2.3 millin yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er t pay an additinal 10,000 eurs(abut 78,000 yuan) fr flight training.
T drive the PAL-V Liberty, ne needs bth a driving license and a pilt license. The vehicle als requires a runway r airstrip t take ff and land, as it cannt d s vertically like a helicpter. The cmpany says it has received 70 rders fr the vehicle s far, mstly frm custmers in Eurpe and Nrth America. The PAL-V Liberty is a grundbreaking innvatin that culd change the future f transprtatin, but it als faces many challenges and limitatins.
37. What’s the limitatin f the Pineer Editin f the PAL-V Liberty?
A. Lack f custmized selectin.B. Failure t land and take ff vertically
C. Extra mney t be paid fr flight training.D. Disagreement with the existing traffic rules.
38. What can we infer abut frm the passage?
A. The PAL-V Liberty has been used in ur daily life.
B. If yu have a pilt license, yu can drive the PAL-V Liberty.
C. It can switch between driving and flying mde in a shrt time
D. The Sprt Editin is mre attractive features than the Pineer Editin.
39. What's the authr’s attitude twards the PAL-V Liberty?
A. favrableB. skepticalC. bjectiveD. indifference
40. What is the best title fr the article?
A. The Dutch InnvatinB. The Future f Transprtatin
C. The Hybrid Car and the GyrplaneD. The Wrld’s First Cmmercial Flying Car
【答案】37. B 38. C 39. C 40. D
【导语】本文是新闻报道。介绍了PAL-V Liberty是一种革命性的交通工具，可以在陆地和空中行驶，这是世界上第一辆商用飞行汽车，目前已可预订。
37. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“T drive the PAL-V Liberty, ne needs bth a driving license and a pilt license. The vehicle als requires a runway r airstrip t take ff and land, as it cannt d s vertically like a helicpter.(驾驶PAL-V Liberty需要驾驶执照和飞行员执照。这种飞行器还需要一条跑道或简易飞机跑道来起降，因为它不能像直升机那样垂直起降)”可知，先锋版的PAL-V Liberty的限制是不能垂直降落和起飞。故选B项。
38. 推理判断题。根据第二段“It can switch between driving mde and flying mde in abut 10 minutes, with the help f a semi-autmatic system.(在半自动系统的帮助下，它可以在大约10分钟内从驾驶模式切换到飞行模式)”可知，PAL-V Liberty可以在短时间内在驾驶和飞行模式之间切换。故选C项。
39. 推理判断题。根据第二段“It can switch between driving mde and flying mde in abut 10 minutes, with the help f a semi-autmatic system. It has a tp speed f 160 km/h n the rad and 180 km/h in the air, and can fly up t 500 km n a single tank f fuel. It uses regular gasline, and can be refueled at any gas statin.(在半自动系统的帮助下，它可以在大约10分钟内从驾驶模式切换到飞行模式。它在公路上的最高速度为160公里/小时，在空中的最高速度为180公里/小时，单箱燃料可以飞行500公里。它使用普通汽油，可以在任何加油站加油)”以及第三段“Hwever, the PAL-V Liberty is nt a cheap vehicle, nr is it accessible t everyne. It csts599,000 eurs (abut 4.7 millin yuan) fr the Pineer Editin, which includes flight training curses, pwer heating and persnalizatin ptins. There is als a cheaper Sprt Editin, which csts 299,000 eurs (abut 2.3 millin yuan), but it has less features and requires the buy er t pay an additinal 10,000 eurs(abut 78,000 yuan) fr flight training.(然而，PAL-V自由不是一个便宜的车辆，也不是每个人都可以使用。先锋版售价为59.9万欧元(约合470万元人民币)，包括飞行训练课程、电力加热和个性化选项。还有一款更便宜的Sprt Editin，售价29.9万欧元(约合230万元人民币)，但功能较少，需要购买者额外支付1万欧元(约合7.8万元人民币)的飞行训练费用)”可知，作者只是客观的描述了PAL-V Liberty的有关数据，包括它的时速，以及价格，所以对PAL-V Liberty是客观的。故选C项。40. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The PAL-V Liberty is a revlutinary vehicle that can travel n bth land and air. It is the wrld’s first cmmercial flying car, and it is nw available fr pre-rder. The PAL-V Liberty is develped by a Dutch cmpany called PAL-V Internatinal B. V., which stands fr Persnal Air and Land Vehicle.(PAL-V Liberty是一种革命性的交通工具，可以在陆地和空中行驶。这是世界上第一辆商用飞行汽车，现在可以预订。PAL-V Liberty是由一家名为PAL-V Internatinal b.v.的荷兰公司开发的，该公司代表个人空中和陆地交通工具)”以及后文，本文主要介绍了PAL-V Liberty的性能和价格，所以D项“The Wrld’s First Cmmercial Flying Car(世界上第一辆商用飞行汽车)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
（2023上·广东清远·高三校联考期中）Cars culd sn be cmmunicating with each ther using 5G t make drivers aware f upcming hazards (危险), scientists say. The extremely fast mbile internet wuld allw fr rapid infrmatin transmissin and culd make drivers aware f black ice, pt hles r ther dangers up ahead.
Several car manufacturers (制造商) are already using 5G in their vehicles, including as a tl t help serve in the generatin f self-driving vehicles.
Experts at Glasgw Calednian University (GCU) believe the high-speed cnnectin will als imprve the reliability and capability f autmated vehicles t the pint where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven tday. They predict the number f rad traffic accidents, which accrding t the Wrld Health Organizatin accunt fr mre than 1.3 millin deaths and up t 50 millin peple injured wrldwide every year, will drp really as a result.
Dr Dimitris Liarkapis, a member f the research grup, said, “T have a better idea f what the future will lk like, think f having such cars that nt nly use sensrs t scan what’s arund them, they can als talk t each ther and exchange safety-related infrmatin abut their surrundings ver an area that cvers several square miles. With the help f 5G, a vehicle-generated early warning system that reminds drivers is pssible within the next few years. Cars that are clse enugh t the danger area will transmit warning messages t ther cars arund them using shrt-range cmmunicatin technlgies, but als t cars further away using 5G, fast and reliably.”
A few manufacturers are already wrking n cnnected cars. Of them, Frd tld its intentin t fit 80 percent f its future vehicles with technlgy that warns drivers abut upcming rad accidents, bad weather and traffic jams.
41. What is the benefit f 5G mentined in the text?
A. It can imprve the safety f autmated vehicles.
B. It can help drivers cmmunicate with each ther.
C. It can effectively wipe ut rad traffic accidents.
D. It can help make mre prfits fr the manufacturers.
42. What can we knw abut the vehicle-generated early warning system?
A. It can get infrmatin several miles ahead.
B. It is under research and develpment at present.
C. It has been prved extremely helpful fr driving.
D. It will send messages t drivers a few days earlier.
43. What will be prbably cntinued with the text?
A. Sme car manufacturers.B. The advantages when using 5G.
C. Sme safety rules when using 5G.D. The sales infrmatin f cars with 5G.
44. Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. 5G Leaves Drivers Free When They Are Driving
B. 5G Is t Bring Great Cnvenience t Our Daily Life
C. 5G Has Been Ppular with Drivers Arund the Wrld
D. 5G Is n the Way t Making “Dialgue” Between Cars
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. A 44. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是科学家认为汽车很快将会使用5G相互通信，以使驾驶员意识到即将到来的危险。这将使驾驶员注意到前方的黑冰、坑洼或其他危险。许多汽车制造商已经在其车辆中使用5G，包括作为帮助生成自动驾驶汽车的工具。
41. 细节理解题，根据第三段的第一句“Experts at Glasgw Calednian University (GCU) believe the high-speed cnnectin will als imprve the reliability and capability f autmated vehicles t the pint where they will be safer than the manual cars being driven tday. (格拉斯哥卡利多尼亚大学(GCU)的专家认为，高速连接还将提高自动驾驶汽车的可靠性和性能，使其比目前驾驶的手动汽车更安全。)”可知，高速互联网还将提高自动化车辆的可靠性和性能，使其比目前使用的手动驾驶汽车更安全。故选A。
42. 推理判断题，根据第四段的“T have a better idea f what the future will lk like, think f having such cars that nt nly use sensrs t scan what’s arund them, they can als talk t each ther and exchange safety-related infrmatin abut their surrundings ver an area that cvers several square miles.(为了更好地了解未来会是什么样子，想想这样的汽车，不仅使用传感器扫描周围的东西，它们还可以相互交谈，并在几平方英里的范围内交换周围环境的安全相关信息。)”可知，车辆生成的预警系统还处于研发阶段。故选B。
43. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“A few manufacturers are already wrking n cnnected cars. Of them, Frd tld its intentin t fit 80 percent f its future vehicles with technlgy that warns drivers abut upcming rad accidents, bad weather and traffic jams.( 一些制造商已经在研发联网汽车。其中，福特表示，它打算在80%的未来汽车上安装警告司机即将发生的道路事故、恶劣天气和交通拥堵的技术。)”可知，此处提到了有几个汽车制造商开始使用这种技术，福特公司就是其中一个，下文很可能介绍使用5G的其他制造商。故选A。
44. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cars culd sn be cmmunicating with each ther using 5G t make drivers aware f upcming hazards (危险), scientists say. The extremely fast mbile internet wuld allw fr rapid infrmatin transmissin and culd make drivers aware f black ice, pt hles r ther dangers up ahead.( 科学家表示，汽车可能很快就会通过5G相互通信，让司机意识到即将到来的危险。极快的移动互联网将允许快速信息传输，并可以让司机意识到前方的黑冰、坑洞或其他危险。)”以及通读全文可知，作者讲述了5G网络将安装在汽车上，汽车可以通过5G网络互相“对话”，让司机提前意识到危险。D选项“5G Is n the Way t Making “Dialgue” Between Cars(5G正在实现车与车之间的“对话)”概括文章标题。故选D。