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- Unit 5 Good manners 第 3 课时 Grammar八年级英语下册同步精品讲义(牛津译林版) 学案 0 次下载
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知识精讲
1、What’s the prper way t greet peple there, Jenny?
prper adj. 符合习俗的 正确的
eg: She is always prper in her behaviur.
2、British peple say “hell” r “nice t meet yu” and shake yur hand when they meet yu fr the first time.
shake sb’s hand 与某人握手
Chinese peple usually (与你握手 )t express their friendliness.
答案: shake yur hand
3、D they greet peple with a kiss?
greet vt. 问候 打招呼
greet smebdy with … 以 …… 方式跟人打招呼
她总是微笑着跟我们打了个招呼。 She _________ _______ _______ ______ smile.
答案:always greet us with
5、But please avid subjects like age, weight r mney.
subject n. 话题 主题
eg: This bk includes many different subjects. 这本书包含了许多话题。
avid vt. 避免 后面直接跟宾语。
avid 后常跟 v.-ing 形式 构成 avid ding sth. 结构 意为 “ 避免做某事 ” 。
eg: Yu shuld avid eating such unhealthy fd.
根据汉语意思完成英语句子。
1. 我们必须认真做作业避免错误。 We must d ur hmewrk carefully t ________ ___________.
2.王先生设法避免让他的经理生气。 Mr Wang tried t ________ __________ his manager angry.
答案: 1.avid mistake 2. avid making
6、They think it’s rude t push in befre thers.
push v. 推挤
和 push 相对应的词是 pull 可意为 “ 拉,拖,拔 ” 。
eg:Dn’t push the dr. Pull it, please. 不要推门。请拉开。
It is + adj + (fr sb) + t d sth. 对某人来说做某事 ……
句型中的 it 是形式主语 真正的主语是后面的 t d sth.
eg:It is implite t ask British peple hw ld they are. 问英国人多大年龄是不礼貌的。
将下列句子翻译成英语。
1.学好英语很难。 _________________________________________________
2.对孩子们来记住这些电话号码很重要。 _________________________________________________
答案:1.It is hard t learn English well
2.It's imprtant fr children t remember these phne numbers
7、: If yu’re in their way, they wn’t tuch yu r push past yu.
如果你挡了他们的路,他们不会碰你或推开你过去。
(1)①in ne’s way 挡住某人的路
eg:I culdn't walk very fast because a lt f peple gt in my way.
我不能走的很快,因为很多人挡了我的路。
②n ne's way(t)“在去……的路上”
③ in the way“妨碍,挡道”
(2)tuch 此处为及物动词,意为“触摸,碰 ”
eg. Yu can’t tuch that thing. 你不能碰那个东西。
翻译:1.一群绵羊挡住了我们的路。 .
2.不要难博物馆里的东西。 .
答案:1.A grup f sheep are in ur way.
2.Dn't tuch the things in the museum.
8、They’ll say “excuse me” and be plite enugh t wait till yu mve.
excuse 既可以作名词,也可以作动词。
作名词时,可意为 “ 借口 ” 。 作动词时 可意为 “ 原谅 ” 。
eg:Mary explained why she was late, but we didn’t accept her excuse.
Please excuse him fr arriving late. 请原谅他来晚了。
Excuse me 和 I’m srry 的用法不同 前者是打扰或麻烦别人的客套用语 后者则是做错事后的道歉用语。
e.g. Excuse me. Can yu tell me hw t g t the park?
请原谅我来迟了(翻译) .
答案:Excuse me fr cming late.
9、British peple are very plite at hme as well, aren’t they?
as well (as) 也,还有
eg: I write my wn sngs and I play the guitar as well.
as well 一般不用否定句通常放在句末,强调时可放在句中。
either 用于否定句,放在句末之前加逗号。
t 语气较轻,多用于口语,在肯定句中使用,通常位于句末。
als 比 t 正式一些,语气较重,只用于肯定句 ,一般紧靠动词。
汤姆喜欢音乐,我也喜欢。(翻译) .
答案:Tm likes music.I like it as well.
10、Just as the saying ges, “When in Rme , d as the Rmans d.”
(1)as连词,“正如,如同”,表方式。
(2)saying n. 谚语 格言
eg:My grandpa knws a lt f English sayings.
你应该按照汤姆吩咐的做。(翻译) .
答案:Yu shuld d as Tm tld yu.
能力拓展
完成句子
1.你最好避免谈论像年龄或者体重这样的话题.
Yu’d better _____________________ abut ___________________________ age r weight.
【答案】avid talking things like
【详解】avid避免,是一个动词,常用于句型avid ding sth.避免做某事;talk谈论,应变为动名词talking;things事情;like像…,like age r weight是介词短语作后置定语,修饰名词things。
2.如果有人挡了你的道, 你应该说劳驾并且等待。
Is smene _______________________, yu shuld say _____________________and wait.
【答案】in yur way excuse me
【详解】in ne’s way挡道,是一个固定短语,根据句意应变为in yur way,注意这是一个介词短语,应在句中作表语,前面加一个be动词is;excuse me劳驾,打扰一下,是固定短语。
3.我意外地在机场遇到了我的老师,他和我握了握手然后离开了。
I met my teacher at the airprt _________________. He __________________with me and then left.
【答案】 by accident shk hands
【详解】by accident是一个固定短语,意外地;shake hands握手,句中使用的是一般过去时态,故shake变为过去式shk。故填by accident;shk hands。
4.一个真正的朋友是在需要时候给你帮助,使你感动。
A true friend ________ fr yur hand and ________ yur heart.
【答案】 reaches tuches
【详解】结合中文提示,此句时态宜用一般现在时,主语“A true friend”是第三人称单数,因此两空动词均用三单形式;根据固定搭配“伸出某人的手:reach fr ne’s hand”可知,第一空reaches符合句意;再者根据“使你感动”可知,第二空tuches符合句意。故填reaches;tuches。
5.Miss Wang speaks English ________ ________ ________ (与……一样好) him.
【答案】 as well as
【详解】句意:王小姐英语说得和他一样好。和……一样……as ... as,中间加形容词或副词原级;结合“speaks”可知此处用副词well表示“好”。故填as;well;as。
分层提分
题组A 能力提升练
二、完型填空
Everyne knws that Asian kids d well in math, but d yu knw why? Recently sme scientists ____6____ a bk. They try t tell us ____7____ Asian kids are gd at math.
The ____8____ reasn is hw shrt the spken digits (数字) are. ____9____ the fllwing numbers ut alud: 4, 8, 5 and 6. ____10____ yu speak in English, yu’ll need mre than tw secnds (秒), but in Chinese, yu’ll need ____11____ than ne.
The secnd ____12____ is the structure (结构) f the number system. In English we have wrds ____13____ furteen, thirty-fur r fifty-seven. The number system in English is irregular (不规则的), but it isn’t in Chinese, Japanese r Krean. These ____14____ have a lgical (逻辑的) cunting system. In Chinese, eleven is ten-ne. Twelve is ten-tw. Twenty-fur is tw-ten-fur, and s n.
Abve all, Asian kids learn t cunt faster. It makes them d math _____15_____ than kids in ther parts f the wrld.
6.A.readB.fundC.bughtD.wrte
7.A.whereB.whatC.whyD.when
8.A.therB.nlyC.lastD.first
9.A.AskB.ReadC.WrkD.Sing
10.A.IfB.BecauseC.UntilD.Althugh
11.A.mreB.lessC.muchD.little
12.A.wayB.exampleC.reasnD.prblem
13.A.atB.fC.inD.like
14.A.languagesB.subjectsC.cuntriesD.sentences
15.A.mre difficultB.betterC.mre slwlyD.wrse
【答案】
6.D
7.C
8.D
9.B
10.A
11.B
12.C
13.D
14.A
15.B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚洲国家的孩子擅长数学的原因。
【解析】
6.句意:最近一些研究人员写了一本书。read阅读;fund发现;bught买;wrte写,根据后文的“hw shrt the spken digits (数字) are”和“the structure (结构) f the number system”可知,应该是写了一本书,故选D。
7.句意:他们试图告诉我们为什么亚洲孩子擅长数学。where在哪;what什么;why为什么;when什么时候;根据后文的“reasn”可知,应该是为什么亚洲孩子擅长数学,故选C。
8.句意:第一个原因是语音数字太短了。ther其他的;nly唯一的;last最后的;first第一个的;根据后文的“The secnd”可知,应该是“第一个原因”,故选D。
9.句意:大声读出下面的数字。Ask问;Read阅读;Wrk工作;Sing唱歌;根据后文的“4, 8, 5 and 6”可知,应该是大声读出下面的数字,故选B。
10.句意:如果你说英语,你需要的不止两秒钟。If如果;Because因为;Until直到;Althugh虽然;根据空后的“yu speak in English, yu’ll need mre than tw secnds”可知,此处是假设的一种情况,表示“如果你说英语,你需要的不止两秒钟”,故选A。
11.句意:但是用中文,你需要少于一秒。mre更多的;less更少的;much许多;little几乎没有;根据“but”可知,前后分句所表达的内容是相对的,所以此处是指“时间少于一秒钟”,less than“少于”,故选B。
12.句意:第二个原因是数字系统的结构。way方式;example例子;reasn原因;prblem问题;根据前文的“The first reasn is hw shrt the spken digits (数字) are”可知,此处指的是第二个原因,故选C。
13.句意:在英语中,我们有像14、34或者57的单词。at在;f……的;in在……里;like像;根据空后的“furteen, thirty-fur r fifty-seven”可知,此处列举了英语中的三个数字,所以用介词like,意为“像,例如”,故选D。
14.句意:这些语言有一个逻辑计算系统。languages语言;subjects学科;cuntries国家;sentences句子;根据本空前面的“Chinese, Japanese r Krean”可知,此处用languages指代上文中提到的这三种语言,故选A。
15.句意:这让他们的数学比世界其他地方的孩子学得好。。mre difficult更难的;better更好的;mre slwly更慢地;wrse更糟糕的;结合全文可知,本文主要讲了亚洲国家的孩子比其他国家的孩子更擅长数学,故选B。
三、阅读单选
A
China cvers large areas and has a big ppulatin. Different living habits have always been an interesting tpic in the cuntry. Recently, anther difference between suthern Chinese and nrthern Chinese became a ht ne: the way peple shp at markets.
Peple frm suthern China say that they always buy what they need fr just ne r tw meals. It is nrmal fr them t buy half f a Chinese cabbage, tw ptates and 0. 25 kilgrams f beef at a time.
Hwever, ne may be laughed at if he des this in the nrth. Instead, buying vegetables and meat enugh fr a week is usual. Als, yu can buy a small amunt(数量) f fruit, such as a single apple r pear, each time in the suth. Shp wners even help yu peel and cut them. But shp wners in the nrth hardly ffer such service. And many fruits are sld in baskets and bxes.
The difference culd be due t the different weather.
Fd can be kept fr a lng time in the nrth, as it is usually cld and dry there. Many nrthern Chinese have the habit f string fd, especially fr the lng winter. But the ht and wet weather in the suth makes suthern Chinese buy just enugh fd fr ne meal r ne day, r else the fd may g bad.
16.In suthern China, peple usually buy ________ at a time.
A.a small amunt (数量) f fdB.a large amunt f fd
C.enugh fd fr a weekD.a lt f meat and vegetables
17.If yu buy fruits in the suth, the shp wners may ________.
A.peel and cut them fr yuB.laugh at yu
C.nly sell them in bxes and basketsD.nly sell a single apple r pear
18.Many nrthern Chinese have the habit f keeping fd because ________.
A.the weather is ht and wetB.fd ges bad quickly
C.the weather is cld and dryD.they live far away frm markets
19.The underlined wrds “due t” mean “________” in Chinese.
A.所以B.但是C.然而D.因为
20.This passage is mainly abut ________ between nrthern Chinese and suthern Chinese.
A.different living habits
B.different shpping habits
C.different shpping habits at markets
D.bth the differences and similarities
【答案】
16.A
17.A
18.C
19.D
20.C
【分析】
本文主要介绍了中国南北方人们在市场上不同的购物习惯。
【解析】
16.细节理解题。根据“Peple frm suthern China say that they always buy what they need fr just ne r tw meals.”可知,南方的人们一次买很少数量的食物,故选A。
17.细节理解题。根据“Shp wners even help yu peel and cut them.”可知,如果你在南方买水果,店主会帮你剥皮和切割,故选A。
18.细节理解题。根据“Fd can be kept fr a lng time in the nrth, as it is usually cld and dry there. Many nrthern Chinese have the habit f string fd, especially fr the lng winter.”可知,北方人有保存食物的习惯是因为北方天气寒冷干燥,食物容易保存,故选C。
19.词句猜测题。分析文章内容,结合句子“The difference culd be due t the different weather”可知,这种差异可能是由不同的天气造成的。由此推测“due t”的意思是“因为”,故选D。
20.主旨大意题。根据“Recently, anther difference between suthern Chinese and nrthern Chinese became a ht ne: the way peple shp at markets.”可知,本文主要介绍了中国南北方人们在市场上不同的购物习惯,故选C。
B
We all think we have gd table manners. Hwever, yur prper table manners may be implite in ther cuntries. Let’s see sme strange table manners arund the wrld.
Slurping(吸食)is gd.
One f my favrite is ndles. In Japan, slurping shws that the fd is gd. Yu’ll lk strange if yu dn’t slurp yur ndles. But be careful. Slurping is implite in mst cultures. In Thailand and in parts f China it’s accepted t slurp but nt really encuraged.
Shuld yu finish all the fd n yur plate?
In sme cultures, like Thai culture, finishing all yur fd n yur plate is a sign. It shws that yur hst desn’t prvide yu with enugh fd. Hwever, fr Japanese peple, finishing the fd shws that yu like the meal.
Dn’t eat with a frk, please.
In Thai culture, the frk isn’t used t send fd t yur muth. In fact, it never ges int yur muth. Frk is used t mve fd frm yur plate nt yur spn. Yu can use a frk t eat anything that isn’t served with rice. The peple in India, Nepal and sme ther cuntries are different. They dn’t even use frks but eat with their hands.
21.Slurping is a gd manner in ________.
A.ChinaB.JapanC.ThailandD.India
22.If yu’re full at the table in Thailand, yu shuld ________.
A.eat up all yur fd n the plateB.slurp ludly
C.leave sme fd n yur plateD.say thanks t the hst
23.What des “encuraged”mst prbably mean in Chinese?________
A.流行B.借鉴C.消失D.鼓励
24.In Thai culture, we can knw that the frk cannt be used t eat ________.
A.RiceB.fruitC.saladD.ndles
25.What’s the text mainly abut?________
A.Strange table manners.B.Hw t get n with Thai peple.
C.Hw t be plite in Japan.D.Different eating habits.
【答案】
21.B
22.C
23.D
24.A
25.A
【分析】
这是一篇说明文,主要讲述了一些奇怪的餐桌礼仪。
【解析】
21.细节理解题。根据文中“In Japan, slurping, shws that the fd is gd. Yu’ll lk strange if yu dn’t slurp yur ndles.”可知,在日本,吸食意味着食物好吃,可见是个好习惯。故选B。
22.细节理解题。根据文中“In sme cultures, like Thai culture, finishing all yur fd n yur plate is a sign. It shws that yur hst desn’t prvide yu with enugh fd.”可知,泰国文化中,吃光盘子里的食物意味着主人提供的食物不够,所以如果吃饱了,应该在盘子里留一些食物。故选C。
23.词义猜测题。根据文中“In Thailand and in parts f China it’s accepted t slurp but nt really encuraged.”可知,在泰国或中国的部分地区,吸食可以接受但并不被鼓励。but表示前后是转折关系。故选D。
24.细节理解题。根据文中“Yu can use a frk t eat anything that isn’t served with rice. ”可知,吃米饭时,不能使用叉子。故选A。
25.主旨大意题。根据文中“Let’s see sme strange table manners arund the wrld.”可知,文中主要讲述了一些奇怪的餐桌礼仪。故选A。
题组B 培优拔尖练
26.Rita regards the quiet girl ________ her best friend. They bth like listening t pp music.
A.frB.inC.asD.t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:丽塔把这个安静的女孩视为她最好的朋友。她们都喜欢听流行音乐。考查介词辨析。fr为了;in在……里面;as作为;t到。regard … as …意为“把……视为……”,是固定搭配,故选C。
27.—Let’s g thrugh the frest. We can save a lt f time.
—I dn’t think that’s a gd idea. T ________ dangerus animals, we’d better take anther rute.
A.prtectB.stpC.saveD.avid
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我们穿过森林吧。我们可以节省很多时间。——我认为那不是个好主意。为了避开危险的动物,我们最好走另一条路。
考查动词辨析。prtect保护;stp停止;save拯救;avid避开。根据“dangerus animals”可知,是避开危险的动物,故选D。
28.Obey the traffic rules, ________ yu’ll be punished.
A.butB.whileC.tillD.r
【答案】D
【详解】句意:遵守交通规则,否则你会受到惩罚。考查连词辨析。but但是,表转折;while当……时候;till直到……;r或者/否则;根据“Obey the traffic rules”和“yu’ll be punished”提示可知,本句是“祈使句+r+陈述句”句式,表示在以祈使句为条件下的相反假设,意为“否则,要不然”;故选D。
29.It’s interesting ________ many places f interest frm all ver the wrld.
A.visitingB.t visitC.visitD.visited
【答案】B
【详解】句意:参观世界各地的许多名胜是很有趣的。 考查固定句型和动词不定式。visit动词,参观;It is adj t d sth意为“做某事怎么样”,因此此处是t visit。故选B。
30.________ necessary that yu hand in yur hmewrk n time every day.
A.That’sB.It’sC.Yu’reD.This is
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你每天按时交作业是必要的。 考查固定句型。It’s adj. + that从句,做某事怎么样,为固定句型。后面的that从句是真正主语,it是形式主语。故选B。
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