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【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题16 阅读表达（北京、天津专用）-试卷
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这是一份【热点题型归纳+演变】2024年高考英语专题训练 专题16 阅读表达（北京、天津专用）-试卷，文件包含专题16阅读表达-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练新高考通用原卷版docx、专题16阅读表达-2024年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练新高考通用解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共66页， 欢迎下载使用。
此题型与阅读理解既有相同点也存在着区别。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方面：
1. 阅读表达题则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。
2. 阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。
3. 在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题(个人观点描述)、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。
命题规律：3:1:1（3道找出处，1道猜词义，1道开放性）
题型归纳
题型01 细节表达题
【题型诠释】
题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用what, why, hw等特殊疑问词进行提问。
①问题形式：Why ..? 回答形式：Because＋句子（表示原因）; Because f ＋名词性短语（表示原因）; T +动词原形（表示目的）; In rder t +动词原形（表示目的）。
②问题形式：What 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式：Hw （询问方式）。回答形式：By ( ding )..；完整的句子。
解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。
【典例1】(2023·北京·清华附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Fr years, psychlgists have knwn hw t measure the intelligence f individuals, but nly recently have they begun t investigate the issue f grup intelligence. This ntin stems frm the bservatin that sme grups seem t wrk fantastically acrss tasks, even tasks that are nt very similar. Early investigatins suggest that grup intelligence is nt the sum f the intelligence f the individuals in it. S what is the secret t their success?
Researchers at Ggle have tackled this questin. They cllected thusands f data pints n hundreds f grups and cmbed thrugh them trying t find patterns. Are the members f effective grups friends utside f wrk? D grups whse members have similar persnalities r backgrunds wrk tgether best? They put frward many theries but fund n patters t supprt them.
In fact, wh was in the grup apparently did nt seem t make a difference; instead, the difference between mre and less effective grups seemed t lie in the interactin amng the members. In effective grups, members spke fr a rughly equal amunt f time—nt at every meeting r interactin, but acrss the curse f a prject. Additinally, in effective grups, members face ne anther directly when they speak, using energetic and enthusiastic gestures. Mrever, side cnversatins between individual members during meetings, far frm being a distractin, actually increased the grup’s prductivity. The psitive behavirs uncvered in the study ccur exclusively in face-t-face interactin.
One might argue that mst f these findings are extremely bvius, and needless t say, gd managers have prbably always understd the principles. Hwever, understanding grup intelligence can help business and ther rganizatins make the fundamental changes necessary t imprve grup perfrmance. The reasn is that ur scial and prfessinal lives are nt always structured in ways that facilitate the kind f interactin that apparently underlines effective grup perfrmance.
40. What is the finding f previus studies n grup intelligence?
41. Why is it imprtant fr peple t understand grup intelligence?
42. Decide which part f the fllwing statement is wrng. Underline it and explain why.
▶Althugh side cnversatins distract members during meetings, they can help t bst the grup’s efficiency.
43. Apart frm what is mentined in the passage, what ther way(s) can we use t imprve grup intelligence?(In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】
40. Previus studies fund that grup intelligence is nt the sum f the intelligence f the individuals in it.
41. Because understanding grup intelligence can help business and ther rganizatins make the fundamental changes necessary t imprve grup perfrmance.
42. Althugh side cnversatins distract members during meetings, they can help t bst the grup’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrng, because side cnversatins wn’t distract members.
43. There are ther ways t imprve grup intelligence, such as fstering mutual respect between grup members, encuraging members t value each ther’s cntributins, pinins and setting clear and achievable gals.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于影响群体智力的因素的研究和研究的意义。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Early investigatins suggest that grup intelligence is nt the sum f the intelligence f the individuals in it.(早期的研究表明，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和)”可知，先前的研究发现，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和。故答案为Previus studies fund that grup intelligence is nt the sum f the intelligence f the individuals in it.
41. 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Hwever, understanding grup intelligence can help business and ther rganizatins make the fundamental changes necessary t imprve grup perfrmance. (然而，了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效)”可知，理解群体智力很重要是因为理解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效。故答案为Because understanding grup intelligence can help business and ther rganizatins make the fundamental changes necessary t imprve grup perfrmance.
42. 考查推理判断。根据第三段中“Mrever, side cnversatins between individual members during meetings, far frm being a distractin, actually increased the grup’s prductivity.(此外，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话非但不会分散注意力，反而提高了团队的生产力。)”可知，句中“distract members”错误，因为个别成员之间的谈话不会分散注意力。故答案为Althugh side cnversatins distract members during meetings, they can help t bst the grup’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrng, because side cnversatins wn’t distract members.
43. 开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：可以提高团队智力的方法有很多，比如培养团队成员之间的相互尊重，鼓励成员重视彼此的贡献和意见，以及设定明确和可实现的目标。故答案为There are ther ways t imprve grup intelligence, such as fstering mutual respect between grup members, encuraging members t value each ther’s cntributins, pinins and setting clear and achievable gals.
题型02 主旨表达题
【题型诠释】
1. 题目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。
2. 设问形式：
① What’s the main idea f the passage / Paragraph
② What’s the passage mainly abut?
③ What’s the best title fr the passage?
常用的回答形式有：
①名词短语／动名词短语；
②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；
③名词性从句或“疑问词＋不定式”: What Why ... Hw Hw
考生在回答该类问题时，要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词。
解该类题时，注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词，二要计言简练。
【典例2】(2023上·天津·高三天津一中校考阶段练习) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Why are s many peple unhappy in their jbs? There are tw primary reasns. First, sme peple are cnvinced that earning a living is wasting time that they culd spend enjying themselves r uncvering their true talents.
If this is the case with yu, recall yur last lng vacatin. Was it tw weeks f cmplete enjyment? Mre likely it was a week and a half f fun in the sun, with anther half a week f “By, I can’t wait t get back t wrk.” If yu didn’t feel such vacatin blues, then imagine taking a leave f absence. Yu culd use it t wrk n a nvel, attend classes r just sit arund watching TV. At the end f three mnths, in all likelihd, yur self-respect wuld be at an all-time lw. While all wrk and n play are nt gd, all play and n wrk are disastrus. We need t feel we are accmplishing smething. We als need sme frm f rder in ur lives.
The secnd and perhaps mre cmmn reasn fr peple nt t like their wrk is that they feel trapped. Once yu’ve been at a cmpany fr five years and get married, have a mrtgage and a child, yu ften feel yu have very little chice abut jumping ship if things aren’t turning ut as yu’d planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest restrict f all. Peple hate having t d smething because they have n ther chice.
If yu find yurself hating yur jb, yur ptin takes the frm f an up-t-date resume. Yu might als take a weekly glance thrugh the help-wanted sectin, and make sme visits t industry functins where lw-key netwrking can take place. Yu’re nt giving up n yur current jb. Rather, yu are prviding yurself with an ptin. If things get unbearable at wrk, yu culd jump ship.
At the cre f adpting a psitive attitude t yur wrkplace is, abve all, assuming respnsibility fr yur wn situatin. Mst peple feel cntrlled by their envirnment, but they really aren’t. They have t learn t manage that envirnment s they can get frm it what they need.
56. What are peple likely t d after a lng vacatin accrding t the authr? (N mre than 10 wrds)
57. What can peple get frm wrk accrding t the secnd paragraph? (N mre than 10 wrds)
58. Hw d yu interpret the underlined wrd in the last paragraph? (One wrd)
59. What d yu think is the main idea f the passage? (N mre than 15 wrds)
60. What will yu d if yu hate yur jb ne day in the future? (N mre than 20 wrds)
【答案】
56. They are likely t g back t wrk.
57. Peple can get sme frm f rder in their lives.
58. Undertaking.
59. It’s abut tw reasns why peple d nt like wrk.
60. I’ll actively adjust my attitude, take respnsibility fr my wn situatin and strive t get what I need frm it.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。
56. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Mre likely it was a week and a half f fun in the sun, with anther half a week f “By, I can’t wait t get back t wrk.” (更有可能是在阳光下享受一周半的乐趣，然后再花半个星期的时间说：“天哪，我等不及要回去工作了。”)”可知，根据作者的观点，人们很可能在长假之后想要回去工作。故答案为They are likely t g back t wrk.
57. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“While all wrk and n play are nt gd, all play and n wrk are disastrus. We need t feel we are accmplishing smething. We als need sme frm f rder in ur lives.(只工作不玩耍是不好的，只玩耍不工作是灾难性的。我们需要感觉我们正在完成一些事情。我们的生活也需要某种形式的秩序)”可知，人们可以从工作中获得某种形式的生活秩序。故答案为Peple can get sme frm f rder in their lives.
58. 考查词句理解。根据划线词上文“At the cre f adpting a psitive attitude t yur wrkplace is(对工作场所采取积极态度的核心是)”及下文“respnsibility fr yur wn situatin(自己处境的责任)”及常识可知，此处指承担自己处境的责任。由此可知，划线词assuming与undertaking“承担”意思一致。故答案为Undertaking.
59. 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Why are s many peple unhappy in their jbs? There are tw primary reasns.(为什么这么多人对自己的工作不满意？主要有两个原因)”可知，文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。故答案为It’s abut tw reasns why peple d nt like wrk.
60. 考查开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如：我会积极调整自己的态度，对自己的处境负责，并努力从中得到我所需要的。故答案为I’ll actively adjust my attitude, take respnsibility fr my wn situatin and strive t get what I need frm it.
题型03 推断表达题
【题型诠释】
1. 题目要求：要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出合理的推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的内容，一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断；二是推测作者或文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。
2. 设问形式：
① What’s the purpse f the text?
② Fr what purpse des the authr mentin ... in Paragraph
③ What des the authr really mean by saying
④ What kind f attitude des the authr have twards
⑤ What des ... imply?
⑥ What can we learn frm the text?
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。
②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以偏概全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。
④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。
⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。
⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。
【典例3】(2023·北京·人大附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I dn’t want t,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m cnfused,” r even “I dn’t knw hw.” And after parsing ut hidden meanings fr the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhd gymnastics cach had put a gym-wide ban n the phrase.
Anyne wh used it, even the ther caches, had t d 50 push-ups befre trying cnversatin again. It wasn’t that he wanted peple t d things beynd their skill r safety level. The plicy was against the wrds themselves. He felt they were a shield t hide behind instead f admitting mre useful and actinable hesitatins. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never dne it by myself.” “I need t rest a few minutes befre I try.” “I’m embarrassed t try in frnt f ther peple.” “I dn’t want t, because...”.
Academic experiences can fllw the same pattern. Answering unexpected questins r trying a new prtcl in frnt f an audience can be crippling, Hmewrk prblems can cmpund and seem t get wrse with each try instead f better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because smetimes it’s easier than “I am s frustrated and exhausted that I want t cry,” “This makes me feel s dumb,” r even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my mst vivid memries cme frm the annual hazing ritual knwn as the gym-class mile run. Fr me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid f having an asthma attack in frnt f all f my classmates,” and “It’s s embarrassing t run and be laps behind my peers; I wuld rather shield my eg frm the hit by intentinally walking the whle thing, s please leave me alne.” My heart still starts t race just thinking f the number f times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of curse, yu can.”
But letting urselves fall back n the “I can’t” can d mre damage than just hiding ur deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the peple arund us, start t believe it. I knw there are things I have stpped trying because, well, I just can’t. S why try? The number f laps I have avided with well-timed bathrm breaks is staggering. I can’t g back and tell my childhd self that the mile run wasn’t wrth the anticipatry anxiety. But I can remember hw badly I wished even ne classmate had acknwledged that I had barely missed the schl recrd in sit-and- reach instead f teasing me abut laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can s ften mean smething else. And I can take the time t try t ask the right questins, s that I can say smething mre useful in respnse than “Of curse yu can.”
40. What were peple suppsed t d if they said “I can’t” in my childhd gymnastics?
41. What des “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stpped trying because f the fact that I am nt able t d that.
43. Describe ne f yur experiences f dealing with “I can’t”. (In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】
40. 50 push-ups
41. “I’m afraid f having an asthma attack in frnt f all f my classmates,” and “It’s s embarrassing t run and be laps behind my peers; I wuld rather shield my eg frm the hit by intentinally walking the whle thing, s please leave me alne.”
42. There are things I have stpped trying because f the fact that I am nt able t d that.
Accrding t the passage, there are things I have stpped trying because I started t believe I can’t after letting urselves fall back n the “I can’t”.
43. I remember struggling with a difficult math prblem and feeling verwhelmed. I wanted t give up, but instead f saying “I can’t,” I tld my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me thrugh the prblem, helping me t understand it better.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。有时候，当人们说“我不能”时，他们并不是说他们没有能力做某事，而是他们害怕、困惑或不知道如何做。作者提醒人们，说“我不能”比承认自己需要帮助、害怕或沮丧要容易得多。说“我不能”的时候，其实我们想说的是别的，所以我们应该试着使用更有帮助的词语，这样我们才能得到我们需要的帮助。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第段二中“Anyne wh used it, even the ther caches, had t d 50 push-ups befre trying cnversatin again.(任何使用它的人，即使是其他教练，在尝试再次交谈之前都必须做50个俯卧撑)”可知，在我小时候的体操训练中，如果有人说“我不能”，他会被罚做50个俯卧撑。故答案为50 push-ups。
41. 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Fr me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid f having an asthma attack in frnt f all f my classmates,” and “It’s s embarrassing t run and be laps behind my peers; I wuld rather shield my eg frm the hit by intentinally walking the whle thing, s please leave me alne.”(对我来说，“我不能”实际上意味着“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”)”可知，我在体育课上说“我不能”的意思是：“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”故答案为“I’m afraid f having an asthma attack in frnt f all f my classmates,” and “It’s s embarrassing t run and be laps behind my peers; I wuld rather shield my eg frm the hit by intentinally walking the whle thing, s please leave me alne.”
42. 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“But letting urselves fall back n the “I can’t” can d mre damage than just hiding ur deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the peple arund us, start t believe it. I knw there are things I have stpped trying because, well, I just can’t.(但是，让我们求助于“我不能”比隐藏我们更深层次的感受会造成更大的伤害。最终，我们和我们周围的人开始相信这一点。我知道有些事情我已经不再尝试了，因为，嗯，我就是不能。)”可知，作者停止尝试是因为自己相信“我不能”，而不是真正“没有能力去做”。所以句中“the fact that I am nt able t d that.”表述错误。故答案为There are things I have stpped trying because f the fact that I am nt able t d that. Accrding t the passage, there are things I have stpped trying because I started t believe I can’t after letting urselves fall back n the “I can’t”.
43. 开放性问题。言之有理，注意词数限制即可。故答案为I remember struggling with a difficult math prblem and feeling verwhelmed. I wanted t give up, but instead f saying “I can’t,” I tld my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me thrugh the prblem, helping me t understand it better.
题型04 猜词表达题
【题型诠释】
1.题目要求：考生能够利用上下文判断某个单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中的确切含义。
2.设问形式：
① What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd / phrase / part in the ... paragraph?
② What des the underlined part in the ... paragraph mean?
常用的回答形式有：
① T shw / infrm us that ...,
② T give us useful tips / advice / suggestins n hw t ...;
③ T encurage / persuade us t ...
④ 相近含义、相同词性的单词；完整、直白、简短的句子。
结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语从句等来确定词义，构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接；定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用。还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语篇,来进行猜测判断。
【典例4】(2023上·天津南开·高三南开中学校考阶段练习)阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Yu’ve gt t knw yur wn value, knw what yu want, and stick with it. That’s what T. McDwell’s advice t thers is, and it’s certainly wrked fr him. This high schl senir is currently the wner f Immersin Imaging, a successful cmpany specializing in Internet cmmerce slutins and nline financial databases.
McDwell launched the cmpany in 2012, which was riginally called 4th Dimensin Graphics. Tw years later, it was recgnized as Immersin Imaging. Surprisingly, he didn’t begin the cmpany with the assistance f any partner, but instead funded it n his wn with the experience and cntacts that he already had.
“It’s always been a ne - persn peratin. I culd easily take n partners r scale up the business sme mre, but I want t keep it this way fr nw,” McDwell said. I dn’t lack any cntracts right nw. I like it because it’s flexible, s that if I need mre incme, I can d mre; and if I take a break fr a while, I dn’t have any prblems.” If McDwell spends between 30 and 60 hurs a week wrking, Immersin Imaging will ffer him a steady incme.
Part f the reasn why McDwell ended up in the cmputer industry might be explained by the expsure he had as a child. Hwever, he spends his free time n mre than just cmputers. His real interest lies in aviatin. With his business spirit and success, McDwell wn’t have a prblem realizing his dreams f the sky ne day
56. What des McDwell’s cmpany fcus n? (N mre than 10 wrds)
57. Why des McDwell want his cmpany t be a ne-persn peratin? (n mre than 5 wrds)
58. What des the underlined phrase “scale up” prbably mean? (One wrd)
59. Hw can he enjy a steady incme? (N mre than 10 wrds)
60. Hw des McDwell’s advice inspire yu? Please explain in yur wn wrds. (N mre than 25 wrds)
【答案】
56. Internet cmmerce slutins and nline financial databases.
57. Because it’s flexible.
58. Expand.
59. By wrking 30 t 60 hurs per week.
60. Open. We shuld first find ut what matters t us and discver ur dreams. Then we shuld stay fcused and g after ur dreams.
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了T. McDwell的创业经历和对未来的规划。他创办了名为Immersin Imaging的公司，专注于互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。
56. 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“This high schl senir is currently the wner f Immersin Imaging, a successful cmpany specializing in Internet cmmerce slutins and nline financial databases.(这位高中毕业生目前是Immersin Imaging的老板，这是一家成功的公司，专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。)”可知，McDwell的公司专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。故答案为Internet cmmerce slutins and nline financial databases.
57. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段““It’s always been a ne - persn peratin. I culd easily take n partners r scale up the business sme mre, but I want t keep it this way fr nw,” McDwell said. I dn’t lack any cntracts right nw. I like it because it’s flexible, s that if I need mre incme, I can d mre; and if I take a break fr a while, I dn’t have any prblems.”(“这一直是一个人的经营。我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴或扩大业务规模，但我现在想保持这种方式，” McDwell说。“我现在不缺合同。我喜欢它，因为它很灵活，所以如果我需要更多的收入，我可以做更多的事情；如果我休息一段时间，我也不会有任何问题。”)”可知，McDwell希望自己的公司一个人经营，因为这种模式具有灵活性。故答案为Because it’s flexible.
58. 考查词义猜测。根据划线单词上文“I culd easily take n partners(我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴)”，如果与别人合作，那么自然就会扩大业务规模。由此可知，划线单词和“扩大”相似。故答案为Expand.
59. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“If McDwell spends between 30 and 60 hurs a week wrking, Immersin Imaging will ffer him a steady incme.(如果McDwell每周工作30到60个小时，Immersin Imaging公司将为他提供稳定的收入。)”可知，如果McDwell每周工作30到60个小时就可以拥有稳定的收入。故答案为By wrking 30 t 60 hurs per week.
60. 开放题。要求考生谈谈McDwell的建议对自己的启发，考生言之有理即可。结合第一段McDwell的建议“Yu’ve gt t knw yur wn value, knw what yu want, and stick with it.(你必须知道自己的价值，知道你想要什么，并坚持下去。)”可知，McDwell认为我们应该先找到自己重视的东西，明白自己的梦想，然后坚持下去。故参考答案为We shuld first find ut what matters t us and discver ur dreams. Then we shuld stay fcused and g after ur dreams.
高考练场
题型01 细节表达题
(2021年6月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Mst f us assciate learning with yunger peple—kids in schl and cllege r recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an pen university ffering nline curses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the pursuit f lifelng learning and displays her ptential fr teaching. She lves the experience f gaining new knwledge and als lves sharing it with thers. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years n the internet have been a great jy fr me. I’ve taken s many Udemy curses, and ifs such a great feeling t get my brain wrking again. I find just as much satisfactin in teaching animatin (动画制作) t.”
She reaches cuntless peple with her nline curses and expses them t what they can accmplish n their wn using animatin sftware, such as GAnimate and PwTn. Her mtivatin fr teaching n Udemy is “t get the tls t the peple.” “Yu can g such a lng way t make things that lk prfessinal but still have yur wn vice,” she explained.
Mst f Anneke’s students start ut thinking they’re nt creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands hw fear can get in the way f s many things peple dream f ding. With her five-day challenge curses, she helps them get ver the fear. Anneke lves the impact she has n her students. What makes her mre prud f them is that they have gne frm their first animatin t creating their wn wrks.
She encurages peple f all ages, especially lder peple, t cultivate their curisity fr life. Grandparents, fr example, can learn t use GAnimate and make animatins tgether with their grandkids.
“I’m an lder wman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants thers later in their lives t catch up with her n this jurney.
56. What des Anneke enjy ding after her retirement? (n mre than 10 wrds)
57. Accrding t Para. 2, what des Anneke expect her students t d with animatin sftware? (n mre than 10 wrds)
58. What is the main idea f Para. 3? (n mre than 15 wrds)
59. Please explain the meaning f the underlined wrd in Para. 4. (1 wrd)
60. What d yu suggest ld peple learn t d? Please give yur reasn(s). (n mre than 20 wrds)
题型02 主旨表达题
(2020年天津市高考英语试卷6月) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
As any yunger brther will tell yu, having a big brther invlves a lt f walking in smene else’s shadw, especially when yu have a brther wh is a typical example f “cl”. Fr years I wanted t d everything my elder brther Tysn did, but n matter hw hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) ne. My legs just weren’t made t run like his. I culd never play ftball r basketball well.
I prbably wuld have cntinued trying t keep up with him fr the rest f my high schl career, but when my family mved, everything changed. Tysn left fr cllege, s I had t start at a new schl all by myself. This new start gave me an pprtunity t redefine myself and discver an entirely new versin f “cl”.
I dn’t knw what made me decide t try sme new activities at the new schl, but ne day I chanced t shw up fr an after-schl meeting f the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, bilgy and math, but since thse interests hadn’t fit. Tysn’s definitin f “cl”, I had never pursued them. On this day, fr sme reasn, I did.
As we rganized teams, prepared resurces and practiced answering questins, I felt mre cnnected than I ever had t any sprts team. I didn’t feel as thugh I needed t keep up with anybdy else; I was finally with peers wh understd me. It was s gd t feel accepted fr what I’m gd at. Fr the first time in my life, I actually felt cl. Nw I knw wh I am! I’m Tysn’s little brther, but that’s nly part f my identity. I’m a cl guy in my wn way, t. I’m relieved t knw that “cl” has a much brader definitin than what I used t think.
56. Hw d yu understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (n mre than 8 wrds)
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57. What changes ffered a new start t the authr after his family mved? (n mre than 15 wrds)
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58. Accrding t Paragraph 3, what marked the turning pint in the authr’s grwth? (n mre than 7 wrds)
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59. What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut? (n mre than 10 wrds)
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60. What is yur example f “cl”? Please explain why. (n mre than 20 wrds)
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题型03 推断表达题
(2022年6月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
It was a dark and strmy night. The fercius wind shk the windws wildly, as thugh smene utside were beating n the glass. It was als New Year’s Eve. We were having ur annual party and had a huse full f peple just starting t celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard lud explsins. Lking utside and up int the hills, we saw sparks (火花) flying frm electrical transfrmers (变压器). One area after anther went dark up in thse hills. Then there was the ludest explsin f them all and ur huse went dark t. I tried t find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything lk lvely. But we had prblems. We had fifteen peple standing arund and we still had t ck dinner. Hw wuld we d that withut electricity?
The barbecue! Why nt ck n the barbecue? We men went utside, sme hlding flashlights and thers cking. We did a wnderful jb. The wmen stayed inside and gt the salads ready. Everything was delicius. There were still a few hurs t g befre the beginning f the new year, s we all sat arund the dining rm table and sang up until a few minutes befre midnight. We culdn’t watch the ball drp in Times Square n televisin but that wuldn’t stp us frm celebrating. I std n a chair and, with the help f smene’s watch t tell us the time, we all cunted dwn and I drpped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity fr that!
Nwadays, we still get tgether with the same grup t celebrate the New Year and we still talk abut that special night. I dn’t think we have ever laughed s much as we did n that New Year’s Eve.
56. What des the underlined wrd mean in Paragraph 1? (1 wrd)
57. What made dinner preparatin difficult accrding t Paragraph 2? (n mre than 6 wrds)
58. Hw did the peple celebrate n New Year’s Eve accrding t the passage? (n mre than 10 wrds)
59. Hw des the authr feel abut that particular New Year’s Eve? (n mre than 8 wrds)
60. What d yu think is the mst necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situatin? Please explain why. (n mre than 25wrds)
题型04 猜词表达题
(2021年3月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhd was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure f creatin.
Smewhere alng the way, hwever, I lst tuch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a jb at a big insurance cmpany ut f my business degree. I wuld g t the ffice, sit at my desk and repeat the same wrk five days a week 9 t 5. The days were lng and tedius. Wrking this way fr ne year was painful enugh, let alne a lifetime. Befre lng I decided t make a change.
One thing I had develped an interest in was sewing, s I tk a sewing curse at a cmmunity cllege. It was nly a five-week curse but it awakened my interest and gt my cnfidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began lking int cllege curses fr Fashin Design and three mnths later I signed up fr a part-time design curse. I attended classes tw nights a week. Althugh exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashin was what I wanted t d full time, the reality f my day-t-day wrk at the insurance cmpany became harder. I felt bred. N energy, n mtivatin and zer fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed t make a bigger change. After struggling fr quite a while, I made a difficult decisin — leaving my jb and studying my design curse full time. Tw years later I gt my diplma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been fllwing my heart t d what I lve. Tday I am living a creative life as the designer f my wn fashin brand.
Smetimes it’s hard t make a change, but I’m s glad I set the wheels f change in mtin with that very small first step because it has led me t where I am tday.
56. What was the authr interested in when she was a little girl? (n mre than 10 wrds)
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57. What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 wrd)
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58. Hw did the authr feel when she was taking the part-time design curse? (n mre than 10 wrds)
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59. What did the authr d t get back t her creative life? Give tw f the facts. (n mre than 15 wrds)
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60. D yu cnsider the authr as yur rle mdel? Please explain. (n mre than 20 wrds)
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名校模拟
(1)
（2023上·天津·高三天津市天津中学校考阶段练习）Yu saw the vide, right? The 45-secnd recrding f a kid dancing in the rain? There was smething inspiring abut it. In a mment when ur scial media channels have been flded with unsettling news, here was a kid whse lve fr dance culdn’t be stpped by the rain. Or by the cncrete (混凝土) grund he was dancing n. Or the fact that he was bareft (赤脚的).
Since it was upladed t Instagram in June, the vide f Nigerian ballet dancer Anthny Mmesma Madu gathered thusands f views, likes, and cmments. Peple seem t be abslutely stunned by the by’s dedicatin (献身), elegance (优雅), and talent.
Madu is ne f a dzen students between the ages f 5 and 12 at Leap Academy f Dance in Badagry. Daniel Ajala Owseni, Anthny’s teacher, funded this schl in Lags in 2017. Unfrtunately, even after 5 years, the schl still desn’t have a dedicated space fr its students. Because f that, mst f the time, they practice in Owseni’s tiny hme as well as public spaces in the cmmunity.
“We are trying t change the traditinal thught arund ballet dance. Bys can actually d ballet,” the teacher tld the BBC. “Male ballet dancing is here t stay and it is nt nly suppsed t be fr females.”
“Where I live, there are n male ballet dancers like me,” yung Anthny tld a BBC reprter. When he is dancing, he said, “the feeling that cmes ver me is as if I am dreaming.”
The vide eventually caught the attentin f Cynthia Harvey, the current artistic directr f the ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Schl f Dance, ne f America’s mst famus ballet schls. Frtunately, she succeeded in tracking Anthny dwn. Mrever, she had arranged fr full schlarships (奖学金) s Anthny culd attend the ABT virtual Yung Dancer Summer Wrkshp, a three-week intensive prgram.
“A child wh shws this much dedicatin, yu just have t help,” she said. “Yu are nt nly changing yur wrld there in Africa but yu’re changing the hearts and minds f s many peple.”
1. Why did Anthny’s vide becme s ppular? (n mre than 10 wrds)
2. What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mean? (n mre than 2 wrds)
3. What’s Paragraph 3 mainly abut? (n mre than 5 wrds)
4. What made Anthny qualify fr the unusual schlarship? Give tw f the facts. (n mre than 10 wrds)
5. D yu cnsider Anthny as yur rle mdel? Please explain. (n mre than 25 wrds)
(2)
（2023上·天津·高三天津实验中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
My neighbr Jsie was a gd ck and cllege prfessr. We have been gd friends fr many years. Each early mrning, Jsie wuld invite me t jin her in walking and she wuld make breakfast fr me as a reward!
Jsie planted a lvely garden. Every flwer and vegetable made its debut (首秀) nce a year. There were s many kinds that I culd nt even recgnize what was grwing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighbrhd all summer lng!
Each evening, Jsie and I wuld sit in frnt f the garden. We wuld have a chat, exchanging ur wrld views as well as funny jkes. Hwever, ne evening, Jsie was a “n-shw”. Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running utside. Jsie suffered a strke (中风).
Later, when I set eyes n her, she was in a wheelchair, cvered in a thick blanket. She lked smaller and lder than befre. But hw she chse t face it made me surprised. During the days when Jsie had sme strength, her husband wheeled her int the living rm, and they watched ld mvies tgether. She called it “date time”. And during the mst special days when Jsie was ding well, her husband tk her fr a walk utside in her wheelchair. She called it “ging n vacatin”. Despite the fact that Jsie was nt expected t make a full recvery, they cntinued t watch mvies and tk lts f mini-vacatins.
She is grateful fr listening t her grandchildren telling stries t her, smelling a summer barbecue, sharing a laugh with her favrite neighbr, and being here fr anther day. I am thankful fr her simple life lessn: Find the psitive, and yu will find yur reasn t live.
21. What was Jsie like befre she suffered a strke? (n mre than 10 wrds)
22. Hw was Jsie’s skill in gardening? (n mre than 5 wrds)
23. Hw can we understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3? (n mre than 5 wrds)
24. What made the authr surprised after Jsie suffered the strke? (n mre than 10 wrds)
25. Hw des Jsie’s stry inspire yu? Please explain in yur wn wrds. (n mre than 20 wrds)
(3)
（2023上·天津北辰·高三天津市第四十七中学校考阶段练习）阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。
After we all came t the cnclusin that ur family culd respnsibly care fr dg; my husband and I started ur search at a lcal animal shelter.
We discvered a medium-sized male dg named Duke. This dg was a apprximately nly tw years ld and seemed t have the sweetest character. He lked at us thrugh intelligent eyes and already knew hw t fetch a ball. My husband and I immediately adpted him Duke quickly fit int ur family’s lifestyle. And he quickly learned the tricks like “sit” and “cme”.
But there was ne skill that Duke culd nt seem t grasp---that f a watchdg. My husband was trying t teach him t remind us by giving a single warning bark when smene came int the yard. Duke wuld listen carefully t my husband’s cmmands, but wuld cck (竖起) his head t ne side in cnfusin and disappintment as if t tell his master that he just didn’t understand what my husband was asking him t d. My husband wuld give his “watch” cmmand. Duke wuld stand up---muscles tightened in readiness, but wuld nt have a clue as t what he was in readiness fr.
One mrning we heard the garbage cllectrs cme up the driveway t get ur garbage. My husband went t the pen bedrm windw s Duke culd hear and see the men thrugh the screen.
“Watch” my husband cmmanded. Duke rse in readiness, lked at my husband as sudden cmprehensin dawned n him, gave a quick tail wave, and leaped thrugh the windw screen jumping happily ut t greet the garbage men.
Seeing that, I culdn’t help laughing. My laughter did nthing fr my husbands md when he fund what was happening and he just went away t repair the screen with n expressin n his face.
Duke brught ur family s much fun. We never sclded r beat him. He was ne f ur family members.
1. What was Duke like when the authr adpted him? (n mre than 10 wrds)
2. What did the authr’s husband expect Duke t d as a watchdg? (n mre than 15 wrds)
3. What is the meaning f the underlined part in Paragraph 5? (n mre than 10 wrds)
4. Hw did the authr and her husband feel abut Duke’s leaping thrugh the windw? (n mre than 10 wrds)
5. Hw d yu think peple shuld treat their pets? (n mre than 20 wrds)
(4)
（2023·北京·北京四中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard t define but imprtant t pssess. Sir Andrew Likierman f the Lndn Business Schl suggests that judgment is “the cmbinatin f persnal qualities with relevant knwledge and experience t frm pinins and take decisins”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment invlves a prcess — taking in infrmatin, deciding whm and what t trust, summarizing ne’s persnal knwledge, checking any prir beliefs r feelings, summarizing the chices available and then making the decisin.
Expert knwledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are nt the same thing. “Academics have expert knwledge,” Sir Andrew bserves. “They dn’t necessarily have judgment.” Peple with judgment knw when they are ut f their depth in making a decisin and typically then seek the advice f smene wh has the right backgrund and knwledge. “While gd judgment is imprtant t success,” Sir Andrew cautins, “success is nt a signal that there has been gd judgment.”
The degree f judgment required tends t increase as peple take n mre respnsibility. Thse with rutine tasks generally have limited scpe fr judgment. Line supervisrs have sme discretin (自行决定权). Fr a chief executive, the prprtin f decisins invlving judgment is high. Deciding nt t take actin is als a judgment with ptentially serius cnsequences (fr example, “I wn’t get vaccinated” r “I wn’t pay my bills”). The wrld is full f peple whse lack f judgment brught their careers r persnal life crashing dwn. Many made the cmmn mistake f assuming everything was fine.
Thugh artificial intelligence gets used fr mre and mre rutine tasks in the service sectr, exercising judgment may be ne area where humans retain an edge ver machines. This is far frm certain, hwever. With enugh practice, machines may be able t recgnize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent f gd judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, t. In the lng run, ne f the trickiest aspects f human judgment may be knwing precisely when t let machines take decisins and when t leave it t peple.
1. What’s Sir Andrew’s definitin f judgement?
2. Why aren’t expert knwledge and making judgments the same thing?
3. Please decide which part f the fllwing statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Althugh artificial intelligence is widely used fr rutine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
4. D yu agree that humans “retain an edge ver machines” in terms f making judgments? Why r why nt? (In abut 40 wrds)
(5)
（2023·北京海淀·石家庄市第四十二中学统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
E-waste is a serius prblem that isn’t ging t get better n its wn. Here are sme d-it-yurself tips n hw t manage e-waste.
Maybe the biggest cause f ur e-waste prblem is the fact that we buy things that we just dn’t need. Next time yu feel like yu need a device r electrnic item, stp yurself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe als the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize yur electrnics. If yu dn’t keep yur cnnectrs, DVDs, wires and gadgets rganized, yu wn’t be aware f what yu have. When we buy duplicate electrnics because we think we need them, we are cntributing t ur grwing e-waste prblem. “Hw t manage e-waste” becmes less f an issue when we keep ur wn huses in rder.
If yu d nt need a piece f equipment and it is in gd enugh cnditin t be reused, dnate it as sn as yu can s that smebdy else can use it. Dnatins are gd fr us because they are a useful way t get tax deductins, and a lt f times that tax deductin will be clse t the value f the item had yu tried t sell it. Take yur electrnics back t the stre. Sme stres ffer trade-in prgrams, where yu can drp ff yur ld equipment in return fr gift cards.
There are als places t sell electrnics that might be valuable t smebdy else. Just be sure t sell them right away, because they lse value very rapidly in ur changing market.
If yu are frequently receiving memry sticks and little gadgets, cllect them int a gd-e-bag. Whenever yu n lnger need a USB stick r a small electrnic device, tss it int the bag. Yu might be surprised at hw quickly it fills up. S be sure yu are utilizing yur materials and prducts thughtfully. With these tips yu can use DIY slutins t learn hw t manage e-waste. Yur huse will be cleaner, yu will save mney and yu’ll be ding a gd thing.
1. What is the biggest cause f ur e-waste prblem?
2. Hw can peple get tax deductins when managing e-waste?
3. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electrnics that yu dn’t need right away because the earlier yu sell them, the mre gift cards yu can get.
4. Why d we need t manage ur e-waste? (In abut 40 wrds)
(6)
(2023年北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The term “nstalgia” was first cined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness f sldiers cntinually thinking abut their hmeland and lnging fr return. Hwever, tday we have a much mre psitive attitude t nstalgia. It’s a great example f the benefits f a strng memry.
In numerus scientific experiments, researchers have fund that subjects are much mre likely t reprt psitive feelings frm a given piece f music if they’ve heard it befre. But there’s als a grwing bdy f research int time travel “the ther way”, because memry skills can take peple int the future, t. Decades f studies have shwn that time travel int the future can bring a whle new set f rewards. Fr example, athletes wh practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful perfrmances in the future d perfrm better.
All these findings are inspiring and attractive. Hw culd yu becme a cnfident time traveler t the past r int the future? Here are sme tips fr yu:
·T take pleasure in helpful memries, maybe t reawaken happy feelings, use all yur senses—nt just sight. Smell, taste, tuch and sund will als help yu t recreate the past in rich clarity.
·If yu find a memry that’s particularly helpful—fr reassurance, say—keep using it!
Yu’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers f detail each time.
·When yu’re prcrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash frward t see the flr swept r the essay finished, and use that psitive image t drive yu int actin.
·Ahead f majr challenges, imagine the full impact f success. Dn’t just picture yurself getting that great jb: fill yur mind with the really big ways it’s ging t change yur life.
There’ll still be times when ld thughts remind yu f sadness, r yu’re anxius abut what’s next. But the mre yu learn t cntrl yur memry, the better yu’ll be at mining yur past, and shaping yur future, t be yur best self nw.
1. What did nstalgia riginally mean?
2. What have the researchers fund abut time travel?
3. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢Memry skills can bring us int the future, s we shuld imagine a negative end result t drive us int actin when prcrastinating.
4. Describe ne f the helpful time-travel experiences in yur life. (In abut 40 wrds)
(7)
(2023年北京市丰台区高三二模试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care fr a severe case. As sn as his cnditin had stabilized, he was sent hme with equipment including a phne and a bld pressure mnitr.
“Every day I wuld input my vital signs n the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrng r wasn’t right, a nurse wuld call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks n this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his lcal NHS hspital in partnership with Dccla, a healthcare technlgy cmpany. He is ne f thusands f patients t have been treated in new “hspitals at hme”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” fr verwhelmed hspitals that have run ut f beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that peple culd “get the care they need frm their wn hmes”.
Retz, funder f Dcile, said sn there culd be “reginal cmmand centers”, where a dctr r nurse mnitred data frm hundreds f patients displayed n a dashbard. “It wrks in a similar way t traditinal ward runds in a hspital, with patients submitting data nce r twice a day, which is reviewed by a dctr,” he said.
Nel O’Kelly, clinical directr at Spirit Health, said, “Older peple want t spend as little time in hspital as pssible and avid hspital visits, particularly as frequent visits and lng perids f time spent in hspital can be damaging t the health f lder patients. We have already seen very encuraging results frm the use f virtual wards fr lder patients.”
Virtual wards allw real ptential t supprt peple t recver well in the cmmunity. The mdel is nt a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it shuld nt wrsen health inequalities, but it culd present a vital lifeline fr the system.
1. Hw was Brain treated after his cnditin stabilized?
2. What d “reginal cmmand centers” and traditinal ward runds have in cmmn?
3. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want t spend as little time in hspital as pssible because medical resurces in hspitals are limited.
4. Besides what’s mentined in the passage, what ther benefit(s) d yu think virtual hspitals may have? (In abut 40 wrds)
(8)
(2023年北京·高三中关村中学模拟) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Imagine playing a game f Old Maid with a child. She is abut t pick a card. It wuld cst her the game. Yu think abut hw excited she'd be if she wn. S yu hint that she might want t select anther card. She des. She wins. Yu’re bth happy. But was letting her win a wise mve?
Scientists and children experts have lng said lsing nce in a while helps children build cping skills. It als helps them learn what the real wrld is like.
A new study has been dne by Amherst Cllege and the University f Virginia. The study lks at 4 and 5-year-lds. The researchers cnducted a series f trials where the children played a game with hidden bjects.
Tw adults gave clues t the lcatins f the bjects. One adult gave accurate clues. The ther gave false nes. Then, the researchers set up the game s that half f the kids always fund the hidden bject as the uncntrlled grup. The remaining children played anther game in the cntrlled grup. This game was left t chance. They were mre likely t find ut the hidden bjects if they listened carefully. After all, ne adult wuld give helpful infrmatin.
Afterwards, researchers asked the kids which f the tw adults they’d select t help them find mre hidden bjects? The kids in the uncntrlled game preferred the adult wh gave accurate clues. But thse in the cntrlled versin had n preference.
That means if yu always let children win, they might nt learn t spt imprtant infrmatin relevant t future success.
Cheating t help kids win games has ties t tday’s “trphy games.”Children are ften given rewards simply fr participating in sprts and ther cmpetitive events.
Parents may believe they are assuring their child’s gd self-esteem by rewarding them fr shwing up, says Nicki Nance, wh is a licensed psychlgist and a prfessr at Beacn Cllege.
Althugh giving participatin prize isn’t necessarily harmful, it is imprtant fr children t learn hw t distinguish true accmplishments frm mere participatin.
“Self-esteem desn’t cme frm being adred.” Nance says. It cmes frm mastery. “If we dn’t let children fail, they miss the pprtunity t take wnership f success.”
1. Why d scientists and children experts say lsing nce in a while is helpful?
2. Why did the children in the cntrlled grup have n preference in chsing adult t help them find mre hidden bjects?
3. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶T help children learn hw t distinguish true accmplishments frm mere parricipatin, participatin prize shuld nt be awarded.
4. Please explain what yu have learned frm yur failure with an example. （In abut 40 wrds）
年份
月份
文体
具 体 内 容
2023年北京卷
说明文
习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
2022年北京卷
记叙文
文章讲述15岁的汤姆发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
2022年天津卷
3月
记叙文
退休夫妇制作手工玩具捐赠给慈善帮助贫困儿童。
6月
记叙文
记叙作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
2021年北京卷
说明文
最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。
2021年天津卷
3月
记叙文
找到自己真正地爱好特长实现人生的转变。
6月
记叙文
讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。
2020年天津卷
3月
记叙文
作者从内向害羞到自信的转变
6月
记叙文
找到真正自我和自信不再追随他人发挥自己特长
2019年天津卷
3月
记叙文
热情及创新能力给他人带来积极的影响
6月
记叙文
文章主要讲了梅布里作为一名13年的学校管理者，正因为他努力工作乐于助人才获得了学生们的爱。
此题型与阅读理解既有相同点也存在着区别。其相同点在于两者都是对语篇阅读能力的考查，考生需对文章有较好的理解。区别主要表现在以下三个方面：
1. 阅读表达题则是主观的，这不仅需要考生将文章理解，还需要将自己对文章的理解通过自己的语言表达出来，而且要受到字数的限制。这就是说阅读理解只是不仅要求学生理解文章和题目而且要把文章中的信息用自己的语言表达出来，是一种信息的输出。
2. 阅读表达的文章较为简单，生词少。
3. 在阅读表达中，题型和题目的设置是比较固定的，包括主旨概括、填空、翻译句子、同意句替换、封闭性问题、开放性问题(个人观点描述)、其他类型等七种类型，答案往往是不唯一的。
命题规律：3:1:1（3道找出处，1道猜词义，1道开放性）
题型归纳
题型01 细节表达题
【题型诠释】
题目要求：要求考生能扑捉并理解文章中出现的具体信息，并结合文中的具体要求进行回答。设问形式此类问题的设置通常基于文章自身内容，常用what, why, hw等特殊疑问词进行提问。
①问题形式：Why ..? 回答形式：Because＋句子（表示原因）; Because f ＋名词性短语（表示原因）; T +动词原形（表示目的）; In rder t +动词原形（表示目的）。
②问题形式：What 回答形式：完整的句子；名词（短语）；动名词（短语）
③问题形式：列举性问题。回答形式：名词（短语）；动名词（短语）。
④问题形式：Hw （询问方式）。回答形式：By ( ding )..；完整的句子。
解该类题时，首先要仔细审题，然后根据题干中出现的关键词快速、准确地在文章中定位相应的语句，结合该语句（或其上下句）的内容，用正确的格式进行回答，答案内容往往是固定的、唯一的。
【典例1】(2023·北京·清华附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Fr years, psychlgists have knwn hw t measure the intelligence f individuals, but nly recently have they begun t investigate the issue f grup intelligence. This ntin stems frm the bservatin that sme grups seem t wrk fantastically acrss tasks, even tasks that are nt very similar. Early investigatins suggest that grup intelligence is nt the sum f the intelligence f the individuals in it. S what is the secret t their success?
Researchers at Ggle have tackled this questin. They cllected thusands f data pints n hundreds f grups and cmbed thrugh them trying t find patterns. Are the members f effective grups friends utside f wrk? D grups whse members have similar persnalities r backgrunds wrk tgether best? They put frward many theries but fund n patters t supprt them.
In fact, wh was in the grup apparently did nt seem t make a difference; instead, the difference between mre and less effective grups seemed t lie in the interactin amng the members. In effective grups, members spke fr a rughly equal amunt f time—nt at every meeting r interactin, but acrss the curse f a prject. Additinally, in effective grups, members face ne anther directly when they speak, using energetic and enthusiastic gestures. Mrever, side cnversatins between individual members during meetings, far frm being a distractin, actually increased the grup’s prductivity. The psitive behavirs uncvered in the study ccur exclusively in face-t-face interactin.
One might argue that mst f these findings are extremely bvius, and needless t say, gd managers have prbably always understd the principles. Hwever, understanding grup intelligence can help business and ther rganizatins make the fundamental changes necessary t imprve grup perfrmance. The reasn is that ur scial and prfessinal lives are nt always structured in ways that facilitate the kind f interactin that apparently underlines effective grup perfrmance.
40. What is the finding f previus studies n grup intelligence?
41. Why is it imprtant fr peple t understand grup intelligence?
42. Decide which part f the fllwing statement is wrng. Underline it and explain why.
▶Althugh side cnversatins distract members during meetings, they can help t bst the grup’s efficiency.
43. Apart frm what is mentined in the passage, what ther way(s) can we use t imprve grup intelligence?(In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】
40. Previus studies fund that grup intelligence is nt the sum f the intelligence f the individuals in it.
41. Because understanding grup intelligence can help business and ther rganizatins make the fundamental changes necessary t imprve grup perfrmance.
42. Althugh side cnversatins distract members during meetings, they can help t bst the grup’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrng, because side cnversatins wn’t distract members.
43. There are ther ways t imprve grup intelligence, such as fstering mutual respect between grup members, encuraging members t value each ther’s cntributins, pinins and setting clear and achievable gals.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍关于影响群体智力的因素的研究和研究的意义。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第一段中“Early investigatins suggest that grup intelligence is nt the sum f the intelligence f the individuals in it.(早期的研究表明，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和)”可知，先前的研究发现，群体智力并不是群体中个体智力的总和。故答案为Previus studies fund that grup intelligence is nt the sum f the intelligence f the individuals in it.
41. 考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“Hwever, understanding grup intelligence can help business and ther rganizatins make the fundamental changes necessary t imprve grup perfrmance. (然而，了解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效)”可知，理解群体智力很重要是因为理解群体智力可以帮助企业和其他组织做出必要的根本改变，以提高群体绩效。故答案为Because understanding grup intelligence can help business and ther rganizatins make the fundamental changes necessary t imprve grup perfrmance.
42. 考查推理判断。根据第三段中“Mrever, side cnversatins between individual members during meetings, far frm being a distractin, actually increased the grup’s prductivity.(此外，在会议期间，个别成员之间的谈话非但不会分散注意力，反而提高了团队的生产力。)”可知，句中“distract members”错误，因为个别成员之间的谈话不会分散注意力。故答案为Althugh side cnversatins distract members during meetings, they can help t bst the grup’s efficiency. The underlined part is wrng, because side cnversatins wn’t distract members.
43. 开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：可以提高团队智力的方法有很多，比如培养团队成员之间的相互尊重，鼓励成员重视彼此的贡献和意见，以及设定明确和可实现的目标。故答案为There are ther ways t imprve grup intelligence, such as fstering mutual respect between grup members, encuraging members t value each ther’s cntributins, pinins and setting clear and achievable gals.
题型02 主旨表达题
【题型诠释】
1. 题目要求：①概括全文或文中某一段的大意；②给文章拟一个恰当的标题。
2. 设问形式：
① What’s the main idea f the passage / Paragraph
② What’s the passage mainly abut?
③ What’s the best title fr the passage?
常用的回答形式有：
①名词短语／动名词短语；
②名词＋后置定语；名词＋定语从句；名词＋同位语从句；
③名词性从句或“疑问词＋不定式”: What Why ... Hw Hw
考生在回答该类问题时，要善于归纳文章、语段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主题段、主题句、关键词和核心词。
解该类题时，注意一要紧扣能够体现文章或段落主旨的关键词，二要计言简练。
【典例2】(2023上·天津·高三天津一中校考阶段练习) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Why are s many peple unhappy in their jbs? There are tw primary reasns. First, sme peple are cnvinced that earning a living is wasting time that they culd spend enjying themselves r uncvering their true talents.
If this is the case with yu, recall yur last lng vacatin. Was it tw weeks f cmplete enjyment? Mre likely it was a week and a half f fun in the sun, with anther half a week f “By, I can’t wait t get back t wrk.” If yu didn’t feel such vacatin blues, then imagine taking a leave f absence. Yu culd use it t wrk n a nvel, attend classes r just sit arund watching TV. At the end f three mnths, in all likelihd, yur self-respect wuld be at an all-time lw. While all wrk and n play are nt gd, all play and n wrk are disastrus. We need t feel we are accmplishing smething. We als need sme frm f rder in ur lives.
The secnd and perhaps mre cmmn reasn fr peple nt t like their wrk is that they feel trapped. Once yu’ve been at a cmpany fr five years and get married, have a mrtgage and a child, yu ften feel yu have very little chice abut jumping ship if things aren’t turning ut as yu’d planned. A steady paycheck can be the biggest restrict f all. Peple hate having t d smething because they have n ther chice.
If yu find yurself hating yur jb, yur ptin takes the frm f an up-t-date resume. Yu might als take a weekly glance thrugh the help-wanted sectin, and make sme visits t industry functins where lw-key netwrking can take place. Yu’re nt giving up n yur current jb. Rather, yu are prviding yurself with an ptin. If things get unbearable at wrk, yu culd jump ship.
At the cre f adpting a psitive attitude t yur wrkplace is, abve all, assuming respnsibility fr yur wn situatin. Mst peple feel cntrlled by their envirnment, but they really aren’t. They have t learn t manage that envirnment s they can get frm it what they need.
56. What are peple likely t d after a lng vacatin accrding t the authr? (N mre than 10 wrds)
57. What can peple get frm wrk accrding t the secnd paragraph? (N mre than 10 wrds)
58. Hw d yu interpret the underlined wrd in the last paragraph? (One wrd)
59. What d yu think is the main idea f the passage? (N mre than 15 wrds)
60. What will yu d if yu hate yur jb ne day in the future? (N mre than 20 wrds)
【答案】
56. They are likely t g back t wrk.
57. Peple can get sme frm f rder in their lives.
58. Undertaking.
59. It’s abut tw reasns why peple d nt like wrk.
60. I’ll actively adjust my attitude, take respnsibility fr my wn situatin and strive t get what I need frm it.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。
56. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Mre likely it was a week and a half f fun in the sun, with anther half a week f “By, I can’t wait t get back t wrk.” (更有可能是在阳光下享受一周半的乐趣，然后再花半个星期的时间说：“天哪，我等不及要回去工作了。”)”可知，根据作者的观点，人们很可能在长假之后想要回去工作。故答案为They are likely t g back t wrk.
57. 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“While all wrk and n play are nt gd, all play and n wrk are disastrus. We need t feel we are accmplishing smething. We als need sme frm f rder in ur lives.(只工作不玩耍是不好的，只玩耍不工作是灾难性的。我们需要感觉我们正在完成一些事情。我们的生活也需要某种形式的秩序)”可知，人们可以从工作中获得某种形式的生活秩序。故答案为Peple can get sme frm f rder in their lives.
58. 考查词句理解。根据划线词上文“At the cre f adpting a psitive attitude t yur wrkplace is(对工作场所采取积极态度的核心是)”及下文“respnsibility fr yur wn situatin(自己处境的责任)”及常识可知，此处指承担自己处境的责任。由此可知，划线词assuming与undertaking“承担”意思一致。故答案为Undertaking.
59. 考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Why are s many peple unhappy in their jbs? There are tw primary reasns.(为什么这么多人对自己的工作不满意？主要有两个原因)”可知，文章主要论述了人们不喜欢工作的两个原因。故答案为It’s abut tw reasns why peple d nt like wrk.
60. 考查开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如：我会积极调整自己的态度，对自己的处境负责，并努力从中得到我所需要的。故答案为I’ll actively adjust my attitude, take respnsibility fr my wn situatin and strive t get what I need frm it.
题型03 推断表达题
【题型诠释】
1. 题目要求：要求考生能够在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析，做出合理的推理和判断。推断表达题包含两个方面的内容，一是对文中的具体内容做出推理和判断；二是推测作者或文中相关人物的意图、观点和态度。
2. 设问形式：
① What’s the purpse f the text?
② Fr what purpse des the authr mentin ... in Paragraph
③ What des the authr really mean by saying
④ What kind f attitude des the authr have twards
⑤ What des ... imply?
⑥ What can we learn frm the text?
①要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的线索。
②要对文字的表面信息进行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能断章取义，以偏概全。
③要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知。
④不能主观臆想，也不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点
⑤了解语篇结构，重视文章的主旨，体会文章基调，所写答案的内容一定要立足于语篇内容和主旨。
⑥把握句子间和段落间的逻辑关系，把握逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的态度。
⑦回答要紧扣题目，语言既要完整，又要简洁，不要超过规定词数。
【典例3】(2023·北京·人大附中校考三模) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“I can’t” might actually mean “I dn’t want t,” “I’m afraid,” “I’m cnfused,” r even “I dn’t knw hw.” And after parsing ut hidden meanings fr the hundredth time, I can understand why my childhd gymnastics cach had put a gym-wide ban n the phrase.
Anyne wh used it, even the ther caches, had t d 50 push-ups befre trying cnversatin again. It wasn’t that he wanted peple t d things beynd their skill r safety level. The plicy was against the wrds themselves. He felt they were a shield t hide behind instead f admitting mre useful and actinable hesitatins. “I’m afraid.” “I’ve never dne it by myself.” “I need t rest a few minutes befre I try.” “I’m embarrassed t try in frnt f ther peple.” “I dn’t want t, because...”.
Academic experiences can fllw the same pattern. Answering unexpected questins r trying a new prtcl in frnt f an audience can be crippling, Hmewrk prblems can cmpund and seem t get wrse with each try instead f better. We end up uttering “I can’t,” because smetimes it’s easier than “I am s frustrated and exhausted that I want t cry,” “This makes me feel s dumb,” r even “I need help.”
As an asthmatic, my mst vivid memries cme frm the annual hazing ritual knwn as the gym-class mile run. Fr me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid f having an asthma attack in frnt f all f my classmates,” and “It’s s embarrassing t run and be laps behind my peers; I wuld rather shield my eg frm the hit by intentinally walking the whle thing, s please leave me alne.” My heart still starts t race just thinking f the number f times my self-preserving. “I can’t” was met with a dismissive “Of curse, yu can.”
But letting urselves fall back n the “I can’t” can d mre damage than just hiding ur deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the peple arund us, start t believe it. I knw there are things I have stpped trying because, well, I just can’t. S why try? The number f laps I have avided with well-timed bathrm breaks is staggering. I can’t g back and tell my childhd self that the mile run wasn’t wrth the anticipatry anxiety. But I can remember hw badly I wished even ne classmate had acknwledged that I had barely missed the schl recrd in sit-and- reach instead f teasing me abut laps the next day. I can remember that “I can’t” can s ften mean smething else. And I can take the time t try t ask the right questins, s that I can say smething mre useful in respnse than “Of curse yu can.”
40. What were peple suppsed t d if they said “I can’t” in my childhd gymnastics?
41. What des “I can’t” actually mean when I said that in the gym-class mile run?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
There are things I have stpped trying because f the fact that I am nt able t d that.
43. Describe ne f yur experiences f dealing with “I can’t”. (In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】
40. 50 push-ups
41. “I’m afraid f having an asthma attack in frnt f all f my classmates,” and “It’s s embarrassing t run and be laps behind my peers; I wuld rather shield my eg frm the hit by intentinally walking the whle thing, s please leave me alne.”
42. There are things I have stpped trying because f the fact that I am nt able t d that.
Accrding t the passage, there are things I have stpped trying because I started t believe I can’t after letting urselves fall back n the “I can’t”.
43. I remember struggling with a difficult math prblem and feeling verwhelmed. I wanted t give up, but instead f saying “I can’t,” I tld my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me thrugh the prblem, helping me t understand it better.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。有时候，当人们说“我不能”时，他们并不是说他们没有能力做某事，而是他们害怕、困惑或不知道如何做。作者提醒人们，说“我不能”比承认自己需要帮助、害怕或沮丧要容易得多。说“我不能”的时候，其实我们想说的是别的，所以我们应该试着使用更有帮助的词语，这样我们才能得到我们需要的帮助。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第段二中“Anyne wh used it, even the ther caches, had t d 50 push-ups befre trying cnversatin again.(任何使用它的人，即使是其他教练，在尝试再次交谈之前都必须做50个俯卧撑)”可知，在我小时候的体操训练中，如果有人说“我不能”，他会被罚做50个俯卧撑。故答案为50 push-ups。
41. 考查细节理解。根据第四段中“Fr me, “I can’t” actually meant “I’m afraid f having an asthma attack in frnt f all f my classmates,” and “It’s s embarrassing t run and be laps behind my peers; I wuld rather shield my eg frm the hit by intentinally walking the whle thing, s please leave me alne.”(对我来说，“我不能”实际上意味着“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”)”可知，我在体育课上说“我不能”的意思是：“我害怕在全班同学面前哮喘病发作”和“跑步时落后同学几圈真是太尴尬了；我宁愿故意走完全程来保护我的自尊心，所以请不要打扰我。”故答案为“I’m afraid f having an asthma attack in frnt f all f my classmates,” and “It’s s embarrassing t run and be laps behind my peers; I wuld rather shield my eg frm the hit by intentinally walking the whle thing, s please leave me alne.”
42. 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中“But letting urselves fall back n the “I can’t” can d mre damage than just hiding ur deeper feelings. Eventually we, and the peple arund us, start t believe it. I knw there are things I have stpped trying because, well, I just can’t.(但是，让我们求助于“我不能”比隐藏我们更深层次的感受会造成更大的伤害。最终，我们和我们周围的人开始相信这一点。我知道有些事情我已经不再尝试了，因为，嗯，我就是不能。)”可知，作者停止尝试是因为自己相信“我不能”，而不是真正“没有能力去做”。所以句中“the fact that I am nt able t d that.”表述错误。故答案为There are things I have stpped trying because f the fact that I am nt able t d that. Accrding t the passage, there are things I have stpped trying because I started t believe I can’t after letting urselves fall back n the “I can’t”.
43. 开放性问题。言之有理，注意词数限制即可。故答案为I remember struggling with a difficult math prblem and feeling verwhelmed. I wanted t give up, but instead f saying “I can’t,” I tld my teacher that I was feeling frustrated and needed help. She was understanding and walked me thrugh the prblem, helping me t understand it better.
题型04 猜词表达题
【题型诠释】
1.题目要求：考生能够利用上下文判断某个单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中的确切含义。
2.设问形式：
① What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd / phrase / part in the ... paragraph?
② What des the underlined part in the ... paragraph mean?
常用的回答形式有：
① T shw / infrm us that ...,
② T give us useful tips / advice / suggestins n hw t ...;
③ T encurage / persuade us t ...
④ 相近含义、相同词性的单词；完整、直白、简短的句子。
结合文章主旨大意、整合上下文语境信息进行猜测，借助画线词后面破折号所给出的解释、同位语、定语从句等来确定词义，构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号、冒号、破折号和小括号等连接；定语从句在文中起着解释和说明的作用。还要利用同义或者反义关系、构词法及语篇文脉关系等理解猜测其含义有些题目需要对较大的上下文范围进行理解，甚至通过理解整个语篇,来进行猜测判断。
【典例4】(2023上·天津南开·高三南开中学校考阶段练习)阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Yu’ve gt t knw yur wn value, knw what yu want, and stick with it. That’s what T. McDwell’s advice t thers is, and it’s certainly wrked fr him. This high schl senir is currently the wner f Immersin Imaging, a successful cmpany specializing in Internet cmmerce slutins and nline financial databases.
McDwell launched the cmpany in 2012, which was riginally called 4th Dimensin Graphics. Tw years later, it was recgnized as Immersin Imaging. Surprisingly, he didn’t begin the cmpany with the assistance f any partner, but instead funded it n his wn with the experience and cntacts that he already had.
“It’s always been a ne - persn peratin. I culd easily take n partners r scale up the business sme mre, but I want t keep it this way fr nw,” McDwell said. I dn’t lack any cntracts right nw. I like it because it’s flexible, s that if I need mre incme, I can d mre; and if I take a break fr a while, I dn’t have any prblems.” If McDwell spends between 30 and 60 hurs a week wrking, Immersin Imaging will ffer him a steady incme.
Part f the reasn why McDwell ended up in the cmputer industry might be explained by the expsure he had as a child. Hwever, he spends his free time n mre than just cmputers. His real interest lies in aviatin. With his business spirit and success, McDwell wn’t have a prblem realizing his dreams f the sky ne day
56. What des McDwell’s cmpany fcus n? (N mre than 10 wrds)
57. Why des McDwell want his cmpany t be a ne-persn peratin? (n mre than 5 wrds)
58. What des the underlined phrase “scale up” prbably mean? (One wrd)
59. Hw can he enjy a steady incme? (N mre than 10 wrds)
60. Hw des McDwell’s advice inspire yu? Please explain in yur wn wrds. (N mre than 25 wrds)
【答案】
56. Internet cmmerce slutins and nline financial databases.
57. Because it’s flexible.
58. Expand.
59. By wrking 30 t 60 hurs per week.
60. Open. We shuld first find ut what matters t us and discver ur dreams. Then we shuld stay fcused and g after ur dreams.
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了T. McDwell的创业经历和对未来的规划。他创办了名为Immersin Imaging的公司，专注于互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。
56. 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“This high schl senir is currently the wner f Immersin Imaging, a successful cmpany specializing in Internet cmmerce slutins and nline financial databases.(这位高中毕业生目前是Immersin Imaging的老板，这是一家成功的公司，专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。)”可知，McDwell的公司专门从事互联网商务解决方案和在线金融数据库。故答案为Internet cmmerce slutins and nline financial databases.
57. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段““It’s always been a ne - persn peratin. I culd easily take n partners r scale up the business sme mre, but I want t keep it this way fr nw,” McDwell said. I dn’t lack any cntracts right nw. I like it because it’s flexible, s that if I need mre incme, I can d mre; and if I take a break fr a while, I dn’t have any prblems.”(“这一直是一个人的经营。我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴或扩大业务规模，但我现在想保持这种方式，” McDwell说。“我现在不缺合同。我喜欢它，因为它很灵活，所以如果我需要更多的收入，我可以做更多的事情；如果我休息一段时间，我也不会有任何问题。”)”可知，McDwell希望自己的公司一个人经营，因为这种模式具有灵活性。故答案为Because it’s flexible.
58. 考查词义猜测。根据划线单词上文“I culd easily take n partners(我可以很容易地接受合作伙伴)”，如果与别人合作，那么自然就会扩大业务规模。由此可知，划线单词和“扩大”相似。故答案为Expand.
59. 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“If McDwell spends between 30 and 60 hurs a week wrking, Immersin Imaging will ffer him a steady incme.(如果McDwell每周工作30到60个小时，Immersin Imaging公司将为他提供稳定的收入。)”可知，如果McDwell每周工作30到60个小时就可以拥有稳定的收入。故答案为By wrking 30 t 60 hurs per week.
60. 开放题。要求考生谈谈McDwell的建议对自己的启发，考生言之有理即可。结合第一段McDwell的建议“Yu’ve gt t knw yur wn value, knw what yu want, and stick with it.(你必须知道自己的价值，知道你想要什么，并坚持下去。)”可知，McDwell认为我们应该先找到自己重视的东西，明白自己的梦想，然后坚持下去。故参考答案为We shuld first find ut what matters t us and discver ur dreams. Then we shuld stay fcused and g after ur dreams.
高考练场
题型01 细节表达题
(2021年6月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Mst f us assciate learning with yunger peple—kids in schl and cllege r recent graduates early in their careers. But at Udemy, an pen university ffering nline curses, Artist Anneke Camstra is engaged in the pursuit f lifelng learning and displays her ptential fr teaching. She lves the experience f gaining new knwledge and als lves sharing it with thers. “I’m retired, but an artist never retires,” Anneke said. “The last few years n the internet have been a great jy fr me. I’ve taken s many Udemy curses, and ifs such a great feeling t get my brain wrking again. I find just as much satisfactin in teaching animatin (动画制作) t.”
She reaches cuntless peple with her nline curses and expses them t what they can accmplish n their wn using animatin sftware, such as GAnimate and PwTn. Her mtivatin fr teaching n Udemy is “t get the tls t the peple.” “Yu can g such a lng way t make things that lk prfessinal but still have yur wn vice,” she explained.
Mst f Anneke’s students start ut thinking they’re nt creative and can’t draw. Anneke understands hw fear can get in the way f s many things peple dream f ding. With her five-day challenge curses, she helps them get ver the fear. Anneke lves the impact she has n her students. What makes her mre prud f them is that they have gne frm their first animatin t creating their wn wrks.
She encurages peple f all ages, especially lder peple, t cultivate their curisity fr life. Grandparents, fr example, can learn t use GAnimate and make animatins tgether with their grandkids.
“I’m an lder wman, teaching and having fun learning again,” Anneke said, and she wants thers later in their lives t catch up with her n this jurney.
56. What des Anneke enjy ding after her retirement? (n mre than 10 wrds)
57. Accrding t Para. 2, what des Anneke expect her students t d with animatin sftware? (n mre than 10 wrds)
58. What is the main idea f Para. 3? (n mre than 15 wrds)
59. Please explain the meaning f the underlined wrd in Para. 4. (1 wrd)
60. What d yu suggest ld peple learn t d? Please give yur reasn(s). (n mre than 20 wrds)
题型02 主旨表达题
(2020年天津市高考英语试卷6月) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
As any yunger brther will tell yu, having a big brther invlves a lt f walking in smene else’s shadw, especially when yu have a brther wh is a typical example f “cl”. Fr years I wanted t d everything my elder brther Tysn did, but n matter hw hard I tried, I was always the neglected (被忽略的) ne. My legs just weren’t made t run like his. I culd never play ftball r basketball well.
I prbably wuld have cntinued trying t keep up with him fr the rest f my high schl career, but when my family mved, everything changed. Tysn left fr cllege, s I had t start at a new schl all by myself. This new start gave me an pprtunity t redefine myself and discver an entirely new versin f “cl”.
I dn’t knw what made me decide t try sme new activities at the new schl, but ne day I chanced t shw up fr an after-schl meeting f the Science Olympiad team. I had always been fascinated with chemistry, bilgy and math, but since thse interests hadn’t fit. Tysn’s definitin f “cl”, I had never pursued them. On this day, fr sme reasn, I did.
As we rganized teams, prepared resurces and practiced answering questins, I felt mre cnnected than I ever had t any sprts team. I didn’t feel as thugh I needed t keep up with anybdy else; I was finally with peers wh understd me. It was s gd t feel accepted fr what I’m gd at. Fr the first time in my life, I actually felt cl. Nw I knw wh I am! I’m Tysn’s little brther, but that’s nly part f my identity. I’m a cl guy in my wn way, t. I’m relieved t knw that “cl” has a much brader definitin than what I used t think.
56. Hw d yu understand the underlined part in Paragraph 1? (n mre than 8 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________
57. What changes ffered a new start t the authr after his family mved? (n mre than 15 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________
58. Accrding t Paragraph 3, what marked the turning pint in the authr’s grwth? (n mre than 7 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________
59. What des Paragraph 4 mainly talk abut? (n mre than 10 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________
60. What is yur example f “cl”? Please explain why. (n mre than 20 wrds)
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题型03 推断表达题
(2022年6月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
It was a dark and strmy night. The fercius wind shk the windws wildly, as thugh smene utside were beating n the glass. It was als New Year’s Eve. We were having ur annual party and had a huse full f peple just starting t celebrate.
Suddenly, we heard lud explsins. Lking utside and up int the hills, we saw sparks (火花) flying frm electrical transfrmers (变压器). One area after anther went dark up in thse hills. Then there was the ludest explsin f them all and ur huse went dark t. I tried t find every candle we had and lit them. The candles made everything lk lvely. But we had prblems. We had fifteen peple standing arund and we still had t ck dinner. Hw wuld we d that withut electricity?
The barbecue! Why nt ck n the barbecue? We men went utside, sme hlding flashlights and thers cking. We did a wnderful jb. The wmen stayed inside and gt the salads ready. Everything was delicius. There were still a few hurs t g befre the beginning f the new year, s we all sat arund the dining rm table and sang up until a few minutes befre midnight. We culdn’t watch the ball drp in Times Square n televisin but that wuldn’t stp us frm celebrating. I std n a chair and, with the help f smene’s watch t tell us the time, we all cunted dwn and I drpped a tennis ball! We all screamed Happy New Year. We didn’t need electricity fr that!
Nwadays, we still get tgether with the same grup t celebrate the New Year and we still talk abut that special night. I dn’t think we have ever laughed s much as we did n that New Year’s Eve.
56. What des the underlined wrd mean in Paragraph 1? (1 wrd)
57. What made dinner preparatin difficult accrding t Paragraph 2? (n mre than 6 wrds)
58. Hw did the peple celebrate n New Year’s Eve accrding t the passage? (n mre than 10 wrds)
59. Hw des the authr feel abut that particular New Year’s Eve? (n mre than 8 wrds)
60. What d yu think is the mst necessary quality when dealing with an unexpected difficult situatin? Please explain why. (n mre than 25wrds)
题型04 猜词表达题
(2021年3月·天津·高考真题) 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
I’ve always been creative since I was a little girl. My childhd was filled with arts, crafts (手工) and music, and every day was an exciting adventure f creatin.
Smewhere alng the way, hwever, I lst tuch with my creative self. At 21, I landed a jb at a big insurance cmpany ut f my business degree. I wuld g t the ffice, sit at my desk and repeat the same wrk five days a week 9 t 5. The days were lng and tedius. Wrking this way fr ne year was painful enugh, let alne a lifetime. Befre lng I decided t make a change.
One thing I had develped an interest in was sewing, s I tk a sewing curse at a cmmunity cllege. It was nly a five-week curse but it awakened my interest and gt my cnfidence up.
As I dreamt bigger, I began lking int cllege curses fr Fashin Design and three mnths later I signed up fr a part-time design curse. I attended classes tw nights a week. Althugh exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm and happiness.
As it became clearer that fashin was what I wanted t d full time, the reality f my day-t-day wrk at the insurance cmpany became harder. I felt bred. N energy, n mtivatin and zer fulfilment (满足感).
I knew I needed t make a bigger change. After struggling fr quite a while, I made a difficult decisin — leaving my jb and studying my design curse full time. Tw years later I gt my diplma.
The last few years have been exciting because I’ve been fllwing my heart t d what I lve. Tday I am living a creative life as the designer f my wn fashin brand.
Smetimes it’s hard t make a change, but I’m s glad I set the wheels f change in mtin with that very small first step because it has led me t where I am tday.
56. What was the authr interested in when she was a little girl? (n mre than 10 wrds)
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57. What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mean? (1 wrd)
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58. Hw did the authr feel when she was taking the part-time design curse? (n mre than 10 wrds)
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59. What did the authr d t get back t her creative life? Give tw f the facts. (n mre than 15 wrds)
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60. D yu cnsider the authr as yur rle mdel? Please explain. (n mre than 20 wrds)
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名校模拟
(1)
（2023上·天津·高三天津市天津中学校考阶段练习）Yu saw the vide, right? The 45-secnd recrding f a kid dancing in the rain? There was smething inspiring abut it. In a mment when ur scial media channels have been flded with unsettling news, here was a kid whse lve fr dance culdn’t be stpped by the rain. Or by the cncrete (混凝土) grund he was dancing n. Or the fact that he was bareft (赤脚的).
Since it was upladed t Instagram in June, the vide f Nigerian ballet dancer Anthny Mmesma Madu gathered thusands f views, likes, and cmments. Peple seem t be abslutely stunned by the by’s dedicatin (献身), elegance (优雅), and talent.
Madu is ne f a dzen students between the ages f 5 and 12 at Leap Academy f Dance in Badagry. Daniel Ajala Owseni, Anthny’s teacher, funded this schl in Lags in 2017. Unfrtunately, even after 5 years, the schl still desn’t have a dedicated space fr its students. Because f that, mst f the time, they practice in Owseni’s tiny hme as well as public spaces in the cmmunity.
“We are trying t change the traditinal thught arund ballet dance. Bys can actually d ballet,” the teacher tld the BBC. “Male ballet dancing is here t stay and it is nt nly suppsed t be fr females.”
“Where I live, there are n male ballet dancers like me,” yung Anthny tld a BBC reprter. When he is dancing, he said, “the feeling that cmes ver me is as if I am dreaming.”
The vide eventually caught the attentin f Cynthia Harvey, the current artistic directr f the ABT Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Schl f Dance, ne f America’s mst famus ballet schls. Frtunately, she succeeded in tracking Anthny dwn. Mrever, she had arranged fr full schlarships (奖学金) s Anthny culd attend the ABT virtual Yung Dancer Summer Wrkshp, a three-week intensive prgram.
“A child wh shws this much dedicatin, yu just have t help,” she said. “Yu are nt nly changing yur wrld there in Africa but yu’re changing the hearts and minds f s many peple.”
1. Why did Anthny’s vide becme s ppular? (n mre than 10 wrds)
2. What des the underlined wrd in Paragraph 2 mean? (n mre than 2 wrds)
3. What’s Paragraph 3 mainly abut? (n mre than 5 wrds)
4. What made Anthny qualify fr the unusual schlarship? Give tw f the facts. (n mre than 10 wrds)
5. D yu cnsider Anthny as yur rle mdel? Please explain. (n mre than 25 wrds)
(2)
（2023上·天津·高三天津实验中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
My neighbr Jsie was a gd ck and cllege prfessr. We have been gd friends fr many years. Each early mrning, Jsie wuld invite me t jin her in walking and she wuld make breakfast fr me as a reward!
Jsie planted a lvely garden. Every flwer and vegetable made its debut (首秀) nce a year. There were s many kinds that I culd nt even recgnize what was grwing, and we had the freshest salads in the neighbrhd all summer lng!
Each evening, Jsie and I wuld sit in frnt f the garden. We wuld have a chat, exchanging ur wrld views as well as funny jkes. Hwever, ne evening, Jsie was a “n-shw”. Then I heard the ambulance and saw her husband and children running utside. Jsie suffered a strke (中风).
Later, when I set eyes n her, she was in a wheelchair, cvered in a thick blanket. She lked smaller and lder than befre. But hw she chse t face it made me surprised. During the days when Jsie had sme strength, her husband wheeled her int the living rm, and they watched ld mvies tgether. She called it “date time”. And during the mst special days when Jsie was ding well, her husband tk her fr a walk utside in her wheelchair. She called it “ging n vacatin”. Despite the fact that Jsie was nt expected t make a full recvery, they cntinued t watch mvies and tk lts f mini-vacatins.
She is grateful fr listening t her grandchildren telling stries t her, smelling a summer barbecue, sharing a laugh with her favrite neighbr, and being here fr anther day. I am thankful fr her simple life lessn: Find the psitive, and yu will find yur reasn t live.
21. What was Jsie like befre she suffered a strke? (n mre than 10 wrds)
22. Hw was Jsie’s skill in gardening? (n mre than 5 wrds)
23. Hw can we understand the underlined part in Paragraph 3? (n mre than 5 wrds)
24. What made the authr surprised after Jsie suffered the strke? (n mre than 10 wrds)
25. Hw des Jsie’s stry inspire yu? Please explain in yur wn wrds. (n mre than 20 wrds)
(3)
（2023上·天津北辰·高三天津市第四十七中学校考阶段练习）阅读下列短文，按照要求用英文回答问题。
After we all came t the cnclusin that ur family culd respnsibly care fr dg; my husband and I started ur search at a lcal animal shelter.
We discvered a medium-sized male dg named Duke. This dg was a apprximately nly tw years ld and seemed t have the sweetest character. He lked at us thrugh intelligent eyes and already knew hw t fetch a ball. My husband and I immediately adpted him Duke quickly fit int ur family’s lifestyle. And he quickly learned the tricks like “sit” and “cme”.
But there was ne skill that Duke culd nt seem t grasp---that f a watchdg. My husband was trying t teach him t remind us by giving a single warning bark when smene came int the yard. Duke wuld listen carefully t my husband’s cmmands, but wuld cck (竖起) his head t ne side in cnfusin and disappintment as if t tell his master that he just didn’t understand what my husband was asking him t d. My husband wuld give his “watch” cmmand. Duke wuld stand up---muscles tightened in readiness, but wuld nt have a clue as t what he was in readiness fr.
One mrning we heard the garbage cllectrs cme up the driveway t get ur garbage. My husband went t the pen bedrm windw s Duke culd hear and see the men thrugh the screen.
“Watch” my husband cmmanded. Duke rse in readiness, lked at my husband as sudden cmprehensin dawned n him, gave a quick tail wave, and leaped thrugh the windw screen jumping happily ut t greet the garbage men.
Seeing that, I culdn’t help laughing. My laughter did nthing fr my husbands md when he fund what was happening and he just went away t repair the screen with n expressin n his face.
Duke brught ur family s much fun. We never sclded r beat him. He was ne f ur family members.
1. What was Duke like when the authr adpted him? (n mre than 10 wrds)
2. What did the authr’s husband expect Duke t d as a watchdg? (n mre than 15 wrds)
3. What is the meaning f the underlined part in Paragraph 5? (n mre than 10 wrds)
4. Hw did the authr and her husband feel abut Duke’s leaping thrugh the windw? (n mre than 10 wrds)
5. Hw d yu think peple shuld treat their pets? (n mre than 20 wrds)
(4)
（2023·北京·北京四中校考模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard t define but imprtant t pssess. Sir Andrew Likierman f the Lndn Business Schl suggests that judgment is “the cmbinatin f persnal qualities with relevant knwledge and experience t frm pinins and take decisins”. And he argues that, thus defined, judgment invlves a prcess — taking in infrmatin, deciding whm and what t trust, summarizing ne’s persnal knwledge, checking any prir beliefs r feelings, summarizing the chices available and then making the decisin.
Expert knwledge can be useful in making judgments. But they are nt the same thing. “Academics have expert knwledge,” Sir Andrew bserves. “They dn’t necessarily have judgment.” Peple with judgment knw when they are ut f their depth in making a decisin and typically then seek the advice f smene wh has the right backgrund and knwledge. “While gd judgment is imprtant t success,” Sir Andrew cautins, “success is nt a signal that there has been gd judgment.”
The degree f judgment required tends t increase as peple take n mre respnsibility. Thse with rutine tasks generally have limited scpe fr judgment. Line supervisrs have sme discretin (自行决定权). Fr a chief executive, the prprtin f decisins invlving judgment is high. Deciding nt t take actin is als a judgment with ptentially serius cnsequences (fr example, “I wn’t get vaccinated” r “I wn’t pay my bills”). The wrld is full f peple whse lack f judgment brught their careers r persnal life crashing dwn. Many made the cmmn mistake f assuming everything was fine.
Thugh artificial intelligence gets used fr mre and mre rutine tasks in the service sectr, exercising judgment may be ne area where humans retain an edge ver machines. This is far frm certain, hwever. With enugh practice, machines may be able t recgnize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent f gd judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, t. In the lng run, ne f the trickiest aspects f human judgment may be knwing precisely when t let machines take decisins and when t leave it t peple.
1. What’s Sir Andrew’s definitin f judgement?
2. Why aren’t expert knwledge and making judgments the same thing?
3. Please decide which part f the fllwing statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Althugh artificial intelligence is widely used fr rutine tasks, it can never exercise judgment as well as humans.
4. D yu agree that humans “retain an edge ver machines” in terms f making judgments? Why r why nt? (In abut 40 wrds)
(5)
（2023·北京海淀·石家庄市第四十二中学统考一模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
E-waste is a serius prblem that isn’t ging t get better n its wn. Here are sme d-it-yurself tips n hw t manage e-waste.
Maybe the biggest cause f ur e-waste prblem is the fact that we buy things that we just dn’t need. Next time yu feel like yu need a device r electrnic item, stp yurself and ask if it is truly necessary. This is maybe als the easiest way we can manage e-waste. Organize yur electrnics. If yu dn’t keep yur cnnectrs, DVDs, wires and gadgets rganized, yu wn’t be aware f what yu have. When we buy duplicate electrnics because we think we need them, we are cntributing t ur grwing e-waste prblem. “Hw t manage e-waste” becmes less f an issue when we keep ur wn huses in rder.
If yu d nt need a piece f equipment and it is in gd enugh cnditin t be reused, dnate it as sn as yu can s that smebdy else can use it. Dnatins are gd fr us because they are a useful way t get tax deductins, and a lt f times that tax deductin will be clse t the value f the item had yu tried t sell it. Take yur electrnics back t the stre. Sme stres ffer trade-in prgrams, where yu can drp ff yur ld equipment in return fr gift cards.
There are als places t sell electrnics that might be valuable t smebdy else. Just be sure t sell them right away, because they lse value very rapidly in ur changing market.
If yu are frequently receiving memry sticks and little gadgets, cllect them int a gd-e-bag. Whenever yu n lnger need a USB stick r a small electrnic device, tss it int the bag. Yu might be surprised at hw quickly it fills up. S be sure yu are utilizing yur materials and prducts thughtfully. With these tips yu can use DIY slutins t learn hw t manage e-waste. Yur huse will be cleaner, yu will save mney and yu’ll be ding a gd thing.
1. What is the biggest cause f ur e-waste prblem?
2. Hw can peple get tax deductins when managing e-waste?
3. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Sell the electrnics that yu dn’t need right away because the earlier yu sell them, the mre gift cards yu can get.
4. Why d we need t manage ur e-waste? (In abut 40 wrds)
(6)
(2023年北京市朝阳区高三二模英语试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
The term “nstalgia” was first cined in 1688 and was defined as a mental illness f sldiers cntinually thinking abut their hmeland and lnging fr return. Hwever, tday we have a much mre psitive attitude t nstalgia. It’s a great example f the benefits f a strng memry.
In numerus scientific experiments, researchers have fund that subjects are much mre likely t reprt psitive feelings frm a given piece f music if they’ve heard it befre. But there’s als a grwing bdy f research int time travel “the ther way”, because memry skills can take peple int the future, t. Decades f studies have shwn that time travel int the future can bring a whle new set f rewards. Fr example, athletes wh practice by mentally visualizing and imagining successful perfrmances in the future d perfrm better.
All these findings are inspiring and attractive. Hw culd yu becme a cnfident time traveler t the past r int the future? Here are sme tips fr yu:
·T take pleasure in helpful memries, maybe t reawaken happy feelings, use all yur senses—nt just sight. Smell, taste, tuch and sund will als help yu t recreate the past in rich clarity.
·If yu find a memry that’s particularly helpful—fr reassurance, say—keep using it!
Yu’ll get faster at finding it, and add extra layers f detail each time.
·When yu’re prcrastinating (拖延), visualize an end result. Flash frward t see the flr swept r the essay finished, and use that psitive image t drive yu int actin.
·Ahead f majr challenges, imagine the full impact f success. Dn’t just picture yurself getting that great jb: fill yur mind with the really big ways it’s ging t change yur life.
There’ll still be times when ld thughts remind yu f sadness, r yu’re anxius abut what’s next. But the mre yu learn t cntrl yur memry, the better yu’ll be at mining yur past, and shaping yur future, t be yur best self nw.
1. What did nstalgia riginally mean?
2. What have the researchers fund abut time travel?
3. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
➢Memry skills can bring us int the future, s we shuld imagine a negative end result t drive us int actin when prcrastinating.
4. Describe ne f the helpful time-travel experiences in yur life. (In abut 40 wrds)
(7)
(2023年北京市丰台区高三二模试题) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Brain, 58, was treated in intensive care fr a severe case. As sn as his cnditin had stabilized, he was sent hme with equipment including a phne and a bld pressure mnitr.
“Every day I wuld input my vital signs n the app,” Brain said. “If anything went wrng r wasn’t right, a nurse wuld call me straight away.”
Brain spent six weeks n this “virtual ward (病房)”, run by his lcal NHS hspital in partnership with Dccla, a healthcare technlgy cmpany. He is ne f thusands f patients t have been treated in new “hspitals at hme”, seen by NHS leaders as a “lifeline” fr verwhelmed hspitals that have run ut f beds. 2,500 virtual ward beds were already in use, ensuring that peple culd “get the care they need frm their wn hmes”.
Retz, funder f Dcile, said sn there culd be “reginal cmmand centers”, where a dctr r nurse mnitred data frm hundreds f patients displayed n a dashbard. “It wrks in a similar way t traditinal ward runds in a hspital, with patients submitting data nce r twice a day, which is reviewed by a dctr,” he said.
Nel O’Kelly, clinical directr at Spirit Health, said, “Older peple want t spend as little time in hspital as pssible and avid hspital visits, particularly as frequent visits and lng perids f time spent in hspital can be damaging t the health f lder patients. We have already seen very encuraging results frm the use f virtual wards fr lder patients.”
Virtual wards allw real ptential t supprt peple t recver well in the cmmunity. The mdel is nt a silver bullet and health leaders are mindful that it shuld nt wrsen health inequalities, but it culd present a vital lifeline fr the system.
1. Hw was Brain treated after his cnditin stabilized?
2. What d “reginal cmmand centers” and traditinal ward runds have in cmmn?
3. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> Older patients want t spend as little time in hspital as pssible because medical resurces in hspitals are limited.
4. Besides what’s mentined in the passage, what ther benefit(s) d yu think virtual hspitals may have? (In abut 40 wrds)
(8)
(2023年北京·高三中关村中学模拟) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Imagine playing a game f Old Maid with a child. She is abut t pick a card. It wuld cst her the game. Yu think abut hw excited she'd be if she wn. S yu hint that she might want t select anther card. She des. She wins. Yu’re bth happy. But was letting her win a wise mve?
Scientists and children experts have lng said lsing nce in a while helps children build cping skills. It als helps them learn what the real wrld is like.
A new study has been dne by Amherst Cllege and the University f Virginia. The study lks at 4 and 5-year-lds. The researchers cnducted a series f trials where the children played a game with hidden bjects.
Tw adults gave clues t the lcatins f the bjects. One adult gave accurate clues. The ther gave false nes. Then, the researchers set up the game s that half f the kids always fund the hidden bject as the uncntrlled grup. The remaining children played anther game in the cntrlled grup. This game was left t chance. They were mre likely t find ut the hidden bjects if they listened carefully. After all, ne adult wuld give helpful infrmatin.
Afterwards, researchers asked the kids which f the tw adults they’d select t help them find mre hidden bjects? The kids in the uncntrlled game preferred the adult wh gave accurate clues. But thse in the cntrlled versin had n preference.
That means if yu always let children win, they might nt learn t spt imprtant infrmatin relevant t future success.
Cheating t help kids win games has ties t tday’s “trphy games.”Children are ften given rewards simply fr participating in sprts and ther cmpetitive events.
Parents may believe they are assuring their child’s gd self-esteem by rewarding them fr shwing up, says Nicki Nance, wh is a licensed psychlgist and a prfessr at Beacn Cllege.
Althugh giving participatin prize isn’t necessarily harmful, it is imprtant fr children t learn hw t distinguish true accmplishments frm mere participatin.
“Self-esteem desn’t cme frm being adred.” Nance says. It cmes frm mastery. “If we dn’t let children fail, they miss the pprtunity t take wnership f success.”
1. Why d scientists and children experts say lsing nce in a while is helpful?
2. Why did the children in the cntrlled grup have n preference in chsing adult t help them find mre hidden bjects?
3. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
▶T help children learn hw t distinguish true accmplishments frm mere parricipatin, participatin prize shuld nt be awarded.
4. Please explain what yu have learned frm yur failure with an example. （In abut 40 wrds）
年份
月份
文体
具 体 内 容
2023年北京卷
说明文
习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
2022年北京卷
记叙文
文章讲述15岁的汤姆发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
2022年天津卷
3月
记叙文
退休夫妇制作手工玩具捐赠给慈善帮助贫困儿童。
6月
记叙文
记叙作者经历过的一个突发事故，新年夜变压器爆炸，没有电还需要做年夜饭，但作者和朋友一起努力，度过了一个美好的新年夜。
2021年北京卷
说明文
最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。
2021年天津卷
3月
记叙文
找到自己真正地爱好特长实现人生的转变。
6月
记叙文
讲述了退休艺术家Anneke Camstra，人老心不老，积极对待生活，在线上从事动画教学的故事。
2020年天津卷
3月
记叙文
作者从内向害羞到自信的转变
6月
记叙文
找到真正自我和自信不再追随他人发挥自己特长
2019年天津卷
3月
记叙文
热情及创新能力给他人带来积极的影响
6月
记叙文
文章主要讲了梅布里作为一名13年的学校管理者，正因为他努力工作乐于助人才获得了学生们的爱。
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