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- 【热点题型】2024高考英语二轮专题训练之题型归纳+演变 专题03 高频语法之动词的时态、语态与语法填空试卷 试卷 3 次下载
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【热点题型】2024高考英语二轮专题训练之题型归纳+演变 专题04 高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空试卷
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这是一份【热点题型】2024高考英语二轮专题训练之题型归纳+演变 专题04 高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空试卷，文件包含专题04高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空原卷版docx、专题04高频语法之非谓语动词与语法填空解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共55页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、非谓语动词
1. 思维导图
2. 高考真题再现
一、2022年高考真题
1.（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cver)an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
2.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
3.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
4（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ___________ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
5（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilmeters frm Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept. 20, __________ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
6（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
7.（2022年新高考2卷）
Henry Tyler made the catch f the year n the weekend. When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1. 2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
8.（2022年新高考2卷）
Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside. He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
二、2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur 8 (ache) legs.
2.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It is pssible 3 (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
After 4 (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!
4.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Minimize the impact f 7 (visit) the place.
5.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Activitithere range frm whale watching t hiking （远足） and accmmdatins aim 10 (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver 8 (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In 1985, urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.
8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 9 (live) in the cuntryside, including lwer levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
三、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
2. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth 63． (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
3. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65． (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
4. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They are easy 68． (care) fr and make great presents.
5. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67． (find) the well-knwn painter.
6. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69． (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
7.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in histry r 43．(walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
8. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60．(change)lives.
9. (2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，they learned t wrk with the seasns (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
四、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Mdem methds ___f__ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements,…
3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-ld has been awarded“Wman Of The Year”fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week.
4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
5.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we gt a call ___68___ (say)she was shrt-listed，we thught it was ___a__ jke.
6.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】t get
【解析】考查非谓语。 句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time t d sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用hw lng 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为t get。
7.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we _were invited__(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
8.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
9.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But sme students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the unifrm.
10.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervusly ___2___ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t _myself_(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
11.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，___4___(mark)n 22 April，is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.
五、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
2.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality.
3.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
4.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
【答案】visiting
3. 考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(ding);
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(dne);
(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(t d)。
2. 掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
It’s+形容词+(fr/f sb. +)t d sth. ;It’s n gd/use/pleasure ding sth. ;find/think/believe/cnsider+it+ adj. +t d sth. 。
3. 牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
4. 巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。
4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
非谓语动词作主语的用法；
非谓语动词作表语的用法；
非谓语动词作定语的用法；
非谓语动词作状语的用法；
非谓语动词作宾语的用法；
非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。
考点1 基本用法
考点2 非谓语动词作主语
1. 动词-ing和不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。
Teaching English is my jb.
T write an email t the manager is my wrk tday.
2. 动词-ing和不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。
Seeing is believing.
T see is t believe.
3. “there be＋n＋主语”这种结构中通常用动词-ing作主语，而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不可能，无法”，相当于“it is impssible t d sth.”。
There is n reasning with him.
注意：本句型中的n有时可用nt any或never any代替。如There is never any telling what will happen in the future.
4. 不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。
T keep healthy is imprtant.
＝It is imprtant t keep healthy.
注意：It is＋adj.＋fr sb. t d sth. 中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(imprtant, impssible, right等)，如：It is impssible fr a man t fly by himself. 而It is＋adj.＋f sb. t d sth.中adj.为表示人的品质的词(kind, flish, clever, wrng, wise, nice等)，如It is kind f yu t help me with my English.
5. 动词-ing作主语用形式主语it代替时，常在特定结构It is wrthwhile/n gd/n use/a waste f...中使用。
It is a waste f time regretting fr the past.
6. 单个不定式、动词-ing作主语时谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing作主语时若指整体概念，谓语动词仍用单数。
T learn a freign language well is nt easy.
Taking exercise des gd t yur health.
Ging t bed early and getting up early is a gd habit.
7. “疑问词＋t d”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。
Where t find the lst keys is still a prblem.
I was wndering hw t get there.
My prblem is when t change the plan.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
考点4 非谓语动词作表语
1. 不定式、动词-ing和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而动词-ing表示通常状况，动词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。
Tny’s plan is t finish his essay by the end f this mnth.
My favurite sprt is playing vlleyball.
The news is very exciting.
My jacket is wrn ut.
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
My mney is stlen. (主系表结构，表状态或结果，多为一般时态)
My mney was stlen by an unemplyed guy. (被动语态表被动的动作)
3. 动词-ing作表语与进行时态的区别：
His favrite sprt is playing ftball. (主系表结构)
His behavir is pleasing. (主系表结构)
He is playing ftball. (现在进行时)
4. 形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing
很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing在使用中都已转化成为形容词，用作表语或状语。一般而言，动词-ing表属性，过去分词表心理活动，常见的有：interest, mve, tuch, wrry, inspire, encurage, disappint, please, satisfy, bre, tire, invite, puzzle, cnfuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise, astnish, shck, embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discurage, anny, exhaust等。
The pictures n the wall interest me.
The pictures n the wall are interesting.
I am interested in the pictures n the wall.
考点5 非谓语动词作状语
考点6 非谓语动词作定语
1. 单个动词-ing和过去分词作定语，应置于被修饰的名词前。
a sleeping by(动词-ing作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态)
fallen leaves(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果)
the brken glass(及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成)
2. 动词-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语，应置于被修饰的名词之后。
The persn speaking_nw is ur manager. (正在讲话)
The persn t_speak is ur manager. (将要讲话)
The rm already_repaired is my ffice. (已经维修)
The rm being_repaired is my ffice. (正在维修)
The rm t_be_repaired is my ffice. (将要维修)
注意：①修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。如：Lucy is always the first t cme.
②在句型have/give/find/need/want＋宾语＋t d中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。如：I have a lt f wrk t d tday.
③There be句型中的非谓语动词作定语，表意如下：
There is much wrk t d /t be dne. (将要做)
There is a white dg running n the playgrund. (正在跑)
There were peple killed in the accident. (已经丧生)
④有些名词常接不定式作定语，如have the ability/the right/the chance/the curage/n time t d...
考点7 非谓语动词作补足语
二、模拟演练
1.（2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
The 9, 000-plus vlunteers at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games have played ___51___vital rle in ensuring that all aspects f life fr the sprtsmen, bth n and ff the field f play, have gne ___52___(smth).
T meet the diverse needs f the para ___53___(athlete) and all participants, the vlunteers ___54___(g) thrugh a strict training prgram, which included training fr basic medical and first-aid, hw t use wheelchairs, and the ___55___(guide) n when t prvide assistance and ___56___t cmmunicate best.
Liu An’ an is ne f the vlunteers t have als served at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games. Back then, Liu was a sphmre student at university. Nw, 14 years later, she is still at university but this time she acts ___57___a lecturer, leading a team f her wn students as vlunteers at Beijing 2022.
Liu has spent ver 150 days training and ___58___(participate) in these Games. She is ___59___(respnsibility) fr the traffic permits f all srts f transprtatin vehicles, and needs t crdinate with ver 100 different departments, including venues media, transprtatin and security.
“Becming a vlunteer ____60____has served bth at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games and the Beijing 2022 Winter Games is a great hnr fr me, and I feel a strng sense f pride and respnsibility,” said Liu.
2.（2022·山东·烟台二中模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An elderly wman wh fell int an ____11____(ice) river was rescued thanks t the bravery f a bike ____12____(ride) wh sptted her g under the cld water.
Shi Lei was cycling n his way t wrk ____13____ he sptted the 70-year-ld wman frm a bridge. Other eyewitnesses ____14____(call) the emergency services, but Mr Shi immediately jumped ____15____ his bike and raced twards the water.
Mbile phne ftage shws Mr Shi, 54, trying tirelessly ____16____(drag) the wman t safety. He had t break the ice with his hands and later ____17____(jin) by anther man wh managed t secure ____18____ rpe rund Mr Shi.
After getting the wman t safety, Mr Shi tk the wman back t her hme with her relatives in the twn f Bading, in nrthern China.
He tld the Suth China Mrning Pst: “It was really ____19____(freeze) in the water, but I didn’t have time t think abut it at the time.” He added that after the wman _____20_____(safe) gt hme, he als went hme, tk a shwer, drank a bwl f ginger water and carried n with his wrk.
3.（2022·湖北·恩施土家族苗族高中二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiang Huan didn’t understand his father’s decisin t dnate his rgans until ____21____ rgan dnatin crdinatr (协调员) tld him that the transplant surgery was successful and had helped save a life.
Families f rgan dnrs, alngside the receivers and crdinatrs, gather at the Chngqing Organ Dnatin Memrial Park every Tmb Sweeping Day in memry f the dead fr their ____22____ (generus). “It’s nt hw much time yu have ____23____ hw yu use it that matters,” says a card frm a dnr’s family presented at the memrial park.
In 2010, China ____24____ (fficial) launched a natinal pilt prgram fr human rgan dnatin, which gave rise ____25____ a lt f dnatin crdinatrs ike Zhu Lijuan. “Often, we are misunderstd, rejected, and even abused by the family members. But the scenes f patients waiting fr rgan transplant pprtunities always cme t my mind first,” says Zhu. She adds that the eagerness in the eyes f thse patients ____26____ (mtivate) her ver the years t stand up fr her duty.
A decade ag, Wan Ying, a patient ____27____ visin was damaged due t a kind f eye illness, received a crneal (角膜) transplant thanks t a dead dnr. “I was in ____28____ (urge) need f a suitable crnea, and my family was almst desperate at that time,” Wan says. “I was lucky ____29____(give) the pririty in receiving the transplant as ne f my family members was a ____30____ (register) dnr wh dnated a crnea in 2005.”
4.（2022·山东临沂·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ghaliya wrks fr a natinal newspaper in Indnesia. Shrtly after the pandemic hit Jakarta, her newspaper started hearing frm parents ____31____ wanted their children t study nline but lacked a way t use the internet. When the jurnalists annunced their campaign t help these children thrugh scial media, the ____32____（react）was verwhelming. Many peple dnated secnd-hand phnes, ____33____ thers gave cash dnatins.
In April, the jurnalists ____34____（cllect）mre than 200 mbile phnes and dnatins f mre than $35,000. They used the mney t buy mre phnes. They als paid fr internet use fr thse needing it. ____35____（current）, nearly 300 phne have been given t students in and arund Jakarta.
____36____（help）students take part in nline schling brings happiness t Ghaliya and her friends. “We really hpe the mbile phnes can ____37____（use）as much as they can during the pandemic,” she said.
Qayran Ruby Al Maghribi had been using his father’s mbile phne t attend 5 vide ____38____（call）a week. But the 11-year-ld by culdn’t attend classed and felt greatly pressured when his father went t wrk. A big smile appeared n his face when he received the dnated mbile phne. “Nw I see him ____39____（cmfrtable）than befre, and he can directly reach ut ____40____ his friends and teacher,” Sayuti said.
5.（2022·山东潍坊·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Al Larsn is knwn as “The Bluebird Man”. He first began his cnservatinal labr f lve after he read an issue f Natinal Gegraphic that detailed hw building bird huses culd help t stp their declining ppulatins. ___41___(see) a bluebird ging in and ut f a dead tree n his prperty, Larsn became inspired t start setting up little bxes that culd serve as nests ___42___bluebirds.
___43___started as a hbby t pursue in his retirement turned int a full-time effrt and after almst fur decades f ___44___(devte), he has banded and dcumented ver 30, 000 bluebirds, thanks ___45___(primary) t the 350 birdhuses that he has built acrss suthwest Idah.
Since bluebirds live n dead r nearly-dead trees, their ppulatin began t decline when the inventin f the electric chainsaw (电锯) in the early 1900s ___46___(make) it easier fr hmewners t remve the dead trees f their prperties, having their habitats ___47___(destry).
But the effrts f Larsn have shwn us that if we take a mment ___48___(understand) the needs f a species, the slutin will present itself in ___49___practical and btainable way.
Nw that he is nearing the age f 97, Larsn shws n signs f slwing dwn. And up t nw his inspiring stry ____50____(film) int the Emmy award-nminated dcumentary “Bluebird Man.”
6.（2021·全国·高考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always lved the cean. In the____1____ (seven) grade,I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia. I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____2____ (think)it is fd.
I decided t d smething ____3____ (educate) peple abut this prblem. I held presentatins at schls t teach kids abut plastic waste. I wanted t reach businesses t. I decided that if I learned f a cmpany____4____ used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
One day, I saw a cmmercial fr a health-care cmpany. Peple in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I fund the cntact infrmatin f the cmpany____5____ emailed its president. I tld him hw ____6____ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins. I was s____7____ (excite) when he wrte back t me.He said he wuld make sure that the cmpany cut its use f plastic straws in half.
I kept ging. Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t ____8____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A cmpany ____9____ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver _____10_____ plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
7.阅读下面材料，
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
English perfectly shws the “netwrk effects” f a glbal tngue: the mre peple use it, the mre useful it is. Parents expect their children 1. (master)English, which is encuraging the 2. (grw)f private schling. Educatin authrities are switching t English medium, in part t cntrl the utflw(外流) f children int the private sectr.
Teaching children in English is fine if that is 3. they speak at hme and their parents are fluent 4. it. But that is nt 5. case in mst public and lw-cst private schls. Children are taught in a language they dn’t understand by teachers 6. English is pr. The children learn neither English nr anything else.
Research shws that children learn 7. (much)when they are taught in their mther tngue than they d when they are taught in any ther language. In a study f children in 12 schls in Camern last mnth, thse taught in Km 8. (d)better than thse taught in English in all subjects.
English shuld be an imprtant subject at schl, but nt 9. (necessary)the language f instructin. Rather than switching t English-medium teaching, gvernments fearful f 10. (lse) custm (光顾) t the private sectr shuld lk at the many pssible ways f imprving public schls.
8.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pinyin is a successful tl, which 11. (teach) in China t schl kids. It is nt merely used by westerners like us. It has prved t be a useful tl fr Chinese peple 12. (they) t learn standard prnunciatin in their early educatin.
The first step is t learn hw 13. (prnunce) each letter in pinyin crrectly and the meaning f the tne markers. Then yu have t d 14. (drill) as many as yu can. Turn that int a game. It can be 15. (much) fun than yu wuld expect. Start 16. single syllables and d that a lt and then syllable pairs. Slwly mve n t larger grups. Understand the initial, final and the tnes.
But mst imprtantly, 17. yu need is gd feedback. Yu’d better have smene that can crrect yur mistakes immediately.
Find a native Chinese, 18. can listen t yu and crrect yu. If yu take Chinese classes, the teacher will 19. (prbable) have yu d drills every class. D this very seriusly.
If yu are self-studying, try t meet native Chinese peple and ask them t give yu sme feedback. Otherwise, try t be self-critical and listen very carefully. Gd 20. (listen) is mre than 50% f what it takes t prnunce crrectly.
9.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have yu ever met anyne f yur age frm America? D yu think yu wuld have a lt 21. cmmn with the middle schl students there?
In fact, there are lts f 22. (different). Fr example, classes in American schls are 23. (small) than urs. Mst classes in America have n mre than 30 students. Mst students in the US dn’t wear schl unifrms, and they never d grup exercises each day the way we d. 24. we d exercises in the mrning tgether will make them surprised.
In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.What’s the first thing yu think abut when yu get up in the mrning? It’s 25. (prbable) yur lessns at schl. Yu may wnder26. yu have finished yur hmewrk. Chinese students are always under lts f pressure bth at hme 27. at schl. They study hard at night, and smetimes even n weekends because exams are very imprtant t them.
Fr Chinese students, schl is life, but nt fr American students. They dn’t have t wrry abut passing exams all the time, s they can spend time in and ut f schl 28. (d) things they enjy. Students d different things fr fun. Playing sprts, making music and surfing the website are all their favrite activities. Many American teachers think that 29. (study) hard isn’t enugh t make gd students. They encurage students 30. (try) lts f different things.
10.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three-quarters f the wrld's cffee farms destry frest habitat t grw cffee in the sun and usually use harmful pesticides(杀虫剂) and 31. (chemical) that pisn the envirnment. When frests disappear, migratry (迁徙的)sngbirds disappear, t. In rder t deal with increasing ppulatin and habitat 32. (lse)，Smithsnian scientists created the Bird Friendly certificatin (证书).
Bird Friendly cffees are shade-grwn, meaning the cffee is planted under trees, rather than n the land that 33. (clear) f all ther plants. Cffee experts say shade-grwn cffees taste 34. (gd), because the beans ripen slwer than cffee grwn in the full sun, 35. (result) in a richer, mre cmplex flavr (味道). Bird Friendly certified cffees grw under bi-diverse shade that prvides habitat fr migratry sngbirds and ther wildlife, stres carbn 36. fights climate change. Bird Friendly cffees are als certified rganic, meaning they are grwn withut pesticides, 37. is better fr peple and fr the planet.
Bird Friendly prducers can als earn mre fr their crps. The wd and fruit trees n shade cffee farms prvide additinal incme 38. farmers. Every cup f Bird Friendly cffee bught rewards these farmers with a little mre mney fr taking gd care f the envirnment and encurages them t cntinue 39. (prtect) Bird Friendly habitat.
Yu can buy Bird Friendly certified cffees thrughut the wrld and prtect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a stre r cafe near yu, r better yet, have it 40. (deliver) t yur dr when yu rder nline.
种类
形式
意义特征
功能
不定式
t d
主动、将来
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语
t be dne
被动、将来
t be ding
主动、进行
t have dne
主动、完成
t have been dne
被动、完成
过去分词
dne
被动、完成
作表语、状语、定语和补语
动词-ing
ding
主动、进行
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语
being dne
被动、进行
having dne
主动、完成
having been dne
被动、完成
情况
常用动词
只接不定式作宾语的动词
hpe,want,ffer,lng(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,
pretend,manage,agree,affrd,determine,prmise,happen
只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语
mind,miss,enjy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avid,risk,resist,cnsider,can’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fnd f,bject t,get dwn t,be engaged in,insist n,think f,be prud f,take pride in,set abut,be afraid f,be tired f,lk frward t,devte neself t,be wrth,be busy,pay attentin t,stick t
两者都可以
意义相同
begin,start,like,lve,hate,prefer,cntinue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require,deserve (接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义不同
stp t d(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)
stp ding(停止正在做的事)
remember/frget/regret t d(指动作尚未发生)
remember/frget/regret ding(指动作已经发生)
g n t d(接着做另外一件事)
g n ding(接着做同一件事)
try t d(设法,努力去做,尽力做)
try ding(试着去做)
mean t d(打算做,企图做)
mean ding(意思是,意味着)
形式
类别
例句
不定式
目的、原因、条件、结果
My parents will be delighted t see yu.(条件)
I cme here nly t say gd-bye t yu.(目的)
We’re prud t be yung peple f China.(原因)
动词-ing形式
时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况
Being a teacher,yu shuld help yur students in every way.(原因)
He cmes hme late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结果)
Using yur head,yu’ll find a gd way.(条件)
Wrking s hard,he failed again.(让步)
They eat using the fingers f their right hands.(方式)
He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)
过去分词
时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步
Brn in a pr family,Nadia had nly tw years f schling.(原因)
When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted t be a teacher.(时间)
Sme medicines,if wrngly taken,can kill a persn.(条件)
Encuraged by his parents,he still has n cnfidence in vercming the difficulties.(让步)
The patient gt ff the bed,supprted by the nurse.(方式)
The girl met with an accident when crssing the rad,wunded in the head.(结果)
形式
常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句
wish,want,ask,require/request,rder,warn,allw/permit,frbid,expect,remind,encurage,inspire,call n,depend n(接带t的不定式作宾语补足语)
主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成
We depend n yu t help us ut f truble.
I made him d his wrk.
→He was made t d his wrk (by me).
They saw the by fall suddenly ff the tree.
→The by was seen t fall suddenly ff the tree.
see,hear,watch,feel,ntice,lk at等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略t。这样的动词可归纳为:
五看:watch,see,lk at,bserve,ntice;
三让:let,make,have;
二听:hear,listen t;
一感觉:feel。
注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,t要还原
动词
-ing
形式
ntice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel
主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成
I fund her listening t the radi when I passed by.
过去
分词
动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态
We fund the village greatly changed.
一、非谓语动词
1. 思维导图
2. 高考真题再现
一、2022年高考真题
1.（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cver)an area abut three times the size f Yellwstne Natinal Park, the GPNP will be ne f the first natinal parks in the cuntry.
2.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that were previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
3.（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man frm Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days t Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (jurney) the Belt and Rad rute (路线) by ft.
4（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Rad Frum fr Internatinal Cperatin ___________ (hld) in Beijing, Ca decided t cver the rute by hiking as a tribute (致敬) t the ancient Silk Rad.
5（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilmeters frm Xi’an t Kashgar n Sept. 20, __________ (plan) t hike back t Xi’an in five mnths.
6（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the cnnectin with yung peple, the event included a number f public prmtinal activities n scial media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea prfessinals frm arund the wrld t have thirty-six hurs f uninterrupted live bradcasts.
7.（2022年新高考2卷）
Henry Tyler made the catch f the year n the weekend. When he saw a yung child hanging frm a sixth-flr apartment balcny (阳台), Henry ran ne hundred metres, jumped ver a 1. 2-metre fence, and held ut his arms t catch the ___36___ (fall) child.
8.（2022年新高考2卷）
Eric wke up a little later when he heard children playing utside. He pushed a chair nt the balcny, and climbed up ___39___ (see) them.
二、2021年高考真题
1.（2021.6新高考1卷 语法填空）
Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur 8 (ache) legs.
2.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
It is pssible 3 (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
3.（2021.6全国甲卷 语法填空）
After 4 (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what better than t ride n a piece f histry!
4.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Minimize the impact f 7 (visit) the place.
5.（2021.6全国乙卷 语法填空）
Activitithere range frm whale watching t hiking （远足） and accmmdatins aim 10 (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
6.（2021.6 浙江卷 语法填空）
Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver 8 (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
7.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
In 1985, urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas.
8.（2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空）
This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 9 (live) in the cuntryside, including lwer levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
三、2020年高考真题
1.（2020·新课标I卷语法填空）Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang’e-4 66． (find) and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin.
2. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They represent the earth 63． (cme) back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
3. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They make great gifs and yu see them many times 65． (decrate) with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
4. （2020·新课标II卷语法填空）They are easy 68． (care) fr and make great presents.
5. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 67． (find) the well-knwn painter.
6. （2020·新课标III卷语法填空）And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds69． (surrund) the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears.
7.(2020·山东新高考语法填空) As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in histry r 43．(walk)thrugh a rainfrest.
8. (2020·浙江卷语法填空) Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 60．(change)lives.
9. (2020·浙江卷语法填空)Later，they learned t wrk with the seasns (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63． (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
四、2019年高考真题
1.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Mdem methds ___f__ tracking plar bear ppulatins have been emplyed nly since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perfrm) cnsistently ver a large area.
2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】Scientists have respnded by ___67___ (nte) that hungry bears may be cngregating(聚集) arund human settlements,…
3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】A 90-year-ld has been awarded“Wman Of The Year”fr ___61___ (be)Britain's ldest full-time emplyee-still wrking 40 hurs a week.
4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene ___declared__(declare) she had n plans ___65___ (retire) frm her 36-year-ld business.
5.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】When we gt a call ___68___ (say)she was shrt-listed，we thught it was ___a__ jke.
6.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On ur way t the huse，it was raining ___s__ hard that we culdn't help wndering hw lng it wuld take ___62___ (get)there.
【答案】t get
【解析】考查非谓语。 句意：我们忍不住想知道还要多久才能到那里。该句中考查了固定用法：It takes time t d sth.：花时间做某事，该句式中it作形式主语，time做宾语，使用不定式作真正的主语。而句中只是在对宾语时间，用hw lng 对其进行提问，不影响不定式的使用，故答案为t get。
7.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day f ur week-lng stay，we _were invited__(invite)t attend a private cncert n a beautiful farm n the Nrth Shre under the stars，___70___ (listen)t musicians and meeting interesting lcals.
8.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】When the children are walking r ___59___ (cycle) t schl n dark mrnings,…
9.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】But sme students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the unifrm.
10.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Nervusly ___2___ (face) challenges, I knw I will whisper t _myself_(I) the tw simple wrds “Be yurself”.
11.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】Earth Day，___4___(mark)n 22 April，is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.
五、2018年高考真题
1.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 62 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 63 (die) early by running.
2.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Anther reasn fr crn's rise: The gvernment encurages farmers t grw crn instead f rice ___64___ (imprve) water quality.
3.【2018·新课标III卷·语法填空】I quickly lwer myself, ducking my head t avid ____64____(lk) directly int his eyes s he desn't feel____65____(challenge).
4.【2018·浙江卷·语法填空】I still remember 59 (visit) a friend wh’d lived here fr five years and I was shcked (shck) when I learnt she hadn’t cked nce in all that time.
【答案】visiting
3. 考试技巧
语法填空解题策略
1. 巧记三种非谓语动词作状语的基本区别
(1)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且正在进行, 要想到用现在分词形式(ding);
(2)若非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且表完成, 要想到用过去分词形式(dne);
(3)若非谓语动词表将来的动作, 作状语表示目的, 在喜怒哀乐的形容词后作原因或意料之外的结果等, 要想到用不定式形式(t d)。
2. 掌握非谓语动词的句型公式
It’s+形容词+(fr/f sb. +)t d sth. ;It’s n gd/use/pleasure ding sth. ;find/think/believe/cnsider+it+ adj. +t d sth. 。
3. 牢记用动名词或不定式作宾语的动词
4. 巧辨谓语动词和非谓语动词
(1)一个句子无论是主句还是从句, 必须要有谓语, 一般空格所在的句子中无其他动词, 则填谓语动词。谓语动词要考虑时态语态主谓一致等;
(2)若句中找到了谓语动词, 而又找不到连词(并列连词或从句连词)时, 则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。非谓语动词需要确定是-ing 形式、过去分词形式还是不定式。
4. 知识点拓展
1：考点梳理
非谓语动词作主语的用法；
非谓语动词作表语的用法；
非谓语动词作定语的用法；
非谓语动词作状语的用法；
非谓语动词作宾语的用法；
非谓语动词作宾语补足语的用法。
考点1 基本用法
考点2 非谓语动词作主语
1. 动词-ing和不定式都可作主语，但动词-ing多表示一般情况，而不定式常指具体情况。
Teaching English is my jb.
T write an email t the manager is my wrk tday.
2. 动词-ing和不定式作主语时，句子前后应保持结构的一致性。
Seeing is believing.
T see is t believe.
3. “there be＋n＋主语”这种结构中通常用动词-ing作主语，而不用不定式。这种结构表示“不可能，无法”，相当于“it is impssible t d sth.”。
There is n reasning with him.
注意：本句型中的n有时可用nt any或never any代替。如There is never any telling what will happen in the future.
4. 不定式作主语一般可以用形式主语it代替。
T keep healthy is imprtant.
＝It is imprtant t keep healthy.
注意：It is＋adj.＋fr sb. t d sth. 中adj.常为表示不定式行为性质的词(imprtant, impssible, right等)，如：It is impssible fr a man t fly by himself. 而It is＋adj.＋f sb. t d sth.中adj.为表示人的品质的词(kind, flish, clever, wrng, wise, nice等)，如It is kind f yu t help me with my English.
5. 动词-ing作主语用形式主语it代替时，常在特定结构It is wrthwhile/n gd/n use/a waste f...中使用。
It is a waste f time regretting fr the past.
6. 单个不定式、动词-ing作主语时谓语动词用单数；并列不定式或动词-ing作主语时若指整体概念，谓语动词仍用单数。
T learn a freign language well is nt easy.
Taking exercise des gd t yur health.
Ging t bed early and getting up early is a gd habit.
7. “疑问词＋t d”结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。
Where t find the lst keys is still a prblem.
I was wndering hw t get there.
My prblem is when t change the plan.
考点3 非谓语动词作宾语
考点4 非谓语动词作表语
1. 不定式、动词-ing和过去分词均可作表语。但不定式表示具体情况，而动词-ing表示通常状况，动词-ing和过去分词均表示主语的状态。
Tny’s plan is t finish his essay by the end f this mnth.
My favurite sprt is playing vlleyball.
The news is very exciting.
My jacket is wrn ut.
2. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
My mney is stlen. (主系表结构，表状态或结果，多为一般时态)
My mney was stlen by an unemplyed guy. (被动语态表被动的动作)
3. 动词-ing作表语与进行时态的区别：
His favrite sprt is playing ftball. (主系表结构)
His behavir is pleasing. (主系表结构)
He is playing ftball. (现在进行时)
4. 形容词化的过去分词和动词-ing
很多情感化的过去分词和动词-ing在使用中都已转化成为形容词，用作表语或状语。一般而言，动词-ing表属性，过去分词表心理活动，常见的有：interest, mve, tuch, wrry, inspire, encurage, disappint, please, satisfy, bre, tire, invite, puzzle, cnfuse, entertain, relax, amuse, amaze, surprise, astnish, shck, embarrass, terrify, frighten, scare, discurage, anny, exhaust等。
The pictures n the wall interest me.
The pictures n the wall are interesting.
I am interested in the pictures n the wall.
考点5 非谓语动词作状语
考点6 非谓语动词作定语
1. 单个动词-ing和过去分词作定语，应置于被修饰的名词前。
a sleeping by(动词-ing作定语表示被修饰名词的性质或状态)
fallen leaves(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示结果)
the brken glass(及物动词的过去分词作定语既表示被动又表示完成)
2. 动词-ing短语、过去分词短语和不定式作定语，应置于被修饰的名词之后。
The persn speaking_nw is ur manager. (正在讲话)
The persn t_speak is ur manager. (将要讲话)
The rm already_repaired is my ffice. (已经维修)
The rm being_repaired is my ffice. (正在维修)
The rm t_be_repaired is my ffice. (将要维修)
注意：①修饰序数词或被序数词修饰的词只能用不定式作定语。如：Lucy is always the first t cme.
②在句型have/give/find/need/want＋宾语＋t d中，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。如：I have a lt f wrk t d tday.
③There be句型中的非谓语动词作定语，表意如下：
There is much wrk t d /t be dne. (将要做)
There is a white dg running n the playgrund. (正在跑)
There were peple killed in the accident. (已经丧生)
④有些名词常接不定式作定语，如have the ability/the right/the chance/the curage/n time t d...
考点7 非谓语动词作补足语
二、模拟演练
1.（2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当的单词或者括号内单词的正确形式。
The 9, 000-plus vlunteers at the Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games have played ___51___vital rle in ensuring that all aspects f life fr the sprtsmen, bth n and ff the field f play, have gne ___52___(smth).
T meet the diverse needs f the para ___53___(athlete) and all participants, the vlunteers ___54___(g) thrugh a strict training prgram, which included training fr basic medical and first-aid, hw t use wheelchairs, and the ___55___(guide) n when t prvide assistance and ___56___t cmmunicate best.
Liu An’ an is ne f the vlunteers t have als served at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games. Back then, Liu was a sphmre student at university. Nw, 14 years later, she is still at university but this time she acts ___57___a lecturer, leading a team f her wn students as vlunteers at Beijing 2022.
Liu has spent ver 150 days training and ___58___(participate) in these Games. She is ___59___(respnsibility) fr the traffic permits f all srts f transprtatin vehicles, and needs t crdinate with ver 100 different departments, including venues media, transprtatin and security.
“Becming a vlunteer ____60____has served bth at the Beijing 2008 Summer Games and the Beijing 2022 Winter Games is a great hnr fr me, and I feel a strng sense f pride and respnsibility,” said Liu.
2.（2022·山东·烟台二中模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An elderly wman wh fell int an ____11____(ice) river was rescued thanks t the bravery f a bike ____12____(ride) wh sptted her g under the cld water.
Shi Lei was cycling n his way t wrk ____13____ he sptted the 70-year-ld wman frm a bridge. Other eyewitnesses ____14____(call) the emergency services, but Mr Shi immediately jumped ____15____ his bike and raced twards the water.
Mbile phne ftage shws Mr Shi, 54, trying tirelessly ____16____(drag) the wman t safety. He had t break the ice with his hands and later ____17____(jin) by anther man wh managed t secure ____18____ rpe rund Mr Shi.
After getting the wman t safety, Mr Shi tk the wman back t her hme with her relatives in the twn f Bading, in nrthern China.
He tld the Suth China Mrning Pst: “It was really ____19____(freeze) in the water, but I didn’t have time t think abut it at the time.” He added that after the wman _____20_____(safe) gt hme, he als went hme, tk a shwer, drank a bwl f ginger water and carried n with his wrk.
3.（2022·湖北·恩施土家族苗族高中二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jiang Huan didn’t understand his father’s decisin t dnate his rgans until ____21____ rgan dnatin crdinatr (协调员) tld him that the transplant surgery was successful and had helped save a life.
Families f rgan dnrs, alngside the receivers and crdinatrs, gather at the Chngqing Organ Dnatin Memrial Park every Tmb Sweeping Day in memry f the dead fr their ____22____ (generus). “It’s nt hw much time yu have ____23____ hw yu use it that matters,” says a card frm a dnr’s family presented at the memrial park.
In 2010, China ____24____ (fficial) launched a natinal pilt prgram fr human rgan dnatin, which gave rise ____25____ a lt f dnatin crdinatrs ike Zhu Lijuan. “Often, we are misunderstd, rejected, and even abused by the family members. But the scenes f patients waiting fr rgan transplant pprtunities always cme t my mind first,” says Zhu. She adds that the eagerness in the eyes f thse patients ____26____ (mtivate) her ver the years t stand up fr her duty.
A decade ag, Wan Ying, a patient ____27____ visin was damaged due t a kind f eye illness, received a crneal (角膜) transplant thanks t a dead dnr. “I was in ____28____ (urge) need f a suitable crnea, and my family was almst desperate at that time,” Wan says. “I was lucky ____29____(give) the pririty in receiving the transplant as ne f my family members was a ____30____ (register) dnr wh dnated a crnea in 2005.”
4.（2022·山东临沂·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ghaliya wrks fr a natinal newspaper in Indnesia. Shrtly after the pandemic hit Jakarta, her newspaper started hearing frm parents ____31____ wanted their children t study nline but lacked a way t use the internet. When the jurnalists annunced their campaign t help these children thrugh scial media, the ____32____（react）was verwhelming. Many peple dnated secnd-hand phnes, ____33____ thers gave cash dnatins.
In April, the jurnalists ____34____（cllect）mre than 200 mbile phnes and dnatins f mre than $35,000. They used the mney t buy mre phnes. They als paid fr internet use fr thse needing it. ____35____（current）, nearly 300 phne have been given t students in and arund Jakarta.
____36____（help）students take part in nline schling brings happiness t Ghaliya and her friends. “We really hpe the mbile phnes can ____37____（use）as much as they can during the pandemic,” she said.
Qayran Ruby Al Maghribi had been using his father’s mbile phne t attend 5 vide ____38____（call）a week. But the 11-year-ld by culdn’t attend classed and felt greatly pressured when his father went t wrk. A big smile appeared n his face when he received the dnated mbile phne. “Nw I see him ____39____（cmfrtable）than befre, and he can directly reach ut ____40____ his friends and teacher,” Sayuti said.
5.（2022·山东潍坊·二模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Al Larsn is knwn as “The Bluebird Man”. He first began his cnservatinal labr f lve after he read an issue f Natinal Gegraphic that detailed hw building bird huses culd help t stp their declining ppulatins. ___41___(see) a bluebird ging in and ut f a dead tree n his prperty, Larsn became inspired t start setting up little bxes that culd serve as nests ___42___bluebirds.
___43___started as a hbby t pursue in his retirement turned int a full-time effrt and after almst fur decades f ___44___(devte), he has banded and dcumented ver 30, 000 bluebirds, thanks ___45___(primary) t the 350 birdhuses that he has built acrss suthwest Idah.
Since bluebirds live n dead r nearly-dead trees, their ppulatin began t decline when the inventin f the electric chainsaw (电锯) in the early 1900s ___46___(make) it easier fr hmewners t remve the dead trees f their prperties, having their habitats ___47___(destry).
But the effrts f Larsn have shwn us that if we take a mment ___48___(understand) the needs f a species, the slutin will present itself in ___49___practical and btainable way.
Nw that he is nearing the age f 97, Larsn shws n signs f slwing dwn. And up t nw his inspiring stry ____50____(film) int the Emmy award-nminated dcumentary “Bluebird Man.”
6.（2021·全国·高考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always lved the cean. In the____1____ (seven) grade,I started vlunteering at the Mnterey Bay Aquarium in Califrnia. I was upset t learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ____2____ (think)it is fd.
I decided t d smething ____3____ (educate) peple abut this prblem. I held presentatins at schls t teach kids abut plastic waste. I wanted t reach businesses t. I decided that if I learned f a cmpany____4____ used a lt f plastic, I'd send it an email urging it t cut back.
One day, I saw a cmmercial fr a health-care cmpany. Peple in the ad were using plastic straws （吸管）. I fund the cntact infrmatin f the cmpany____5____ emailed its president. I tld him hw ____6____ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins. I was s____7____ (excite) when he wrte back t me.He said he wuld make sure that the cmpany cut its use f plastic straws in half.
I kept ging. Whenever I heard f businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One f the biggest cmpanies I wrte t ____8____ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A cmpany ____9____ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver _____10_____ plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.
7.阅读下面材料，
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
English perfectly shws the “netwrk effects” f a glbal tngue: the mre peple use it, the mre useful it is. Parents expect their children 1. (master)English, which is encuraging the 2. (grw)f private schling. Educatin authrities are switching t English medium, in part t cntrl the utflw(外流) f children int the private sectr.
Teaching children in English is fine if that is 3. they speak at hme and their parents are fluent 4. it. But that is nt 5. case in mst public and lw-cst private schls. Children are taught in a language they dn’t understand by teachers 6. English is pr. The children learn neither English nr anything else.
Research shws that children learn 7. (much)when they are taught in their mther tngue than they d when they are taught in any ther language. In a study f children in 12 schls in Camern last mnth, thse taught in Km 8. (d)better than thse taught in English in all subjects.
English shuld be an imprtant subject at schl, but nt 9. (necessary)the language f instructin. Rather than switching t English-medium teaching, gvernments fearful f 10. (lse) custm (光顾) t the private sectr shuld lk at the many pssible ways f imprving public schls.
8.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pinyin is a successful tl, which 11. (teach) in China t schl kids. It is nt merely used by westerners like us. It has prved t be a useful tl fr Chinese peple 12. (they) t learn standard prnunciatin in their early educatin.
The first step is t learn hw 13. (prnunce) each letter in pinyin crrectly and the meaning f the tne markers. Then yu have t d 14. (drill) as many as yu can. Turn that int a game. It can be 15. (much) fun than yu wuld expect. Start 16. single syllables and d that a lt and then syllable pairs. Slwly mve n t larger grups. Understand the initial, final and the tnes.
But mst imprtantly, 17. yu need is gd feedback. Yu’d better have smene that can crrect yur mistakes immediately.
Find a native Chinese, 18. can listen t yu and crrect yu. If yu take Chinese classes, the teacher will 19. (prbable) have yu d drills every class. D this very seriusly.
If yu are self-studying, try t meet native Chinese peple and ask them t give yu sme feedback. Otherwise, try t be self-critical and listen very carefully. Gd 20. (listen) is mre than 50% f what it takes t prnunce crrectly.
9.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have yu ever met anyne f yur age frm America? D yu think yu wuld have a lt 21. cmmn with the middle schl students there?
In fact, there are lts f 22. (different). Fr example, classes in American schls are 23. (small) than urs. Mst classes in America have n mre than 30 students. Mst students in the US dn’t wear schl unifrms, and they never d grup exercises each day the way we d. 24. we d exercises in the mrning tgether will make them surprised.
In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.What’s the first thing yu think abut when yu get up in the mrning? It’s 25. (prbable) yur lessns at schl. Yu may wnder26. yu have finished yur hmewrk. Chinese students are always under lts f pressure bth at hme 27. at schl. They study hard at night, and smetimes even n weekends because exams are very imprtant t them.
Fr Chinese students, schl is life, but nt fr American students. They dn’t have t wrry abut passing exams all the time, s they can spend time in and ut f schl 28. (d) things they enjy. Students d different things fr fun. Playing sprts, making music and surfing the website are all their favrite activities. Many American teachers think that 29. (study) hard isn’t enugh t make gd students. They encurage students 30. (try) lts f different things.
10.阅读下面短文，
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Three-quarters f the wrld's cffee farms destry frest habitat t grw cffee in the sun and usually use harmful pesticides(杀虫剂) and 31. (chemical) that pisn the envirnment. When frests disappear, migratry (迁徙的)sngbirds disappear, t. In rder t deal with increasing ppulatin and habitat 32. (lse)，Smithsnian scientists created the Bird Friendly certificatin (证书).
Bird Friendly cffees are shade-grwn, meaning the cffee is planted under trees, rather than n the land that 33. (clear) f all ther plants. Cffee experts say shade-grwn cffees taste 34. (gd), because the beans ripen slwer than cffee grwn in the full sun, 35. (result) in a richer, mre cmplex flavr (味道). Bird Friendly certified cffees grw under bi-diverse shade that prvides habitat fr migratry sngbirds and ther wildlife, stres carbn 36. fights climate change. Bird Friendly cffees are als certified rganic, meaning they are grwn withut pesticides, 37. is better fr peple and fr the planet.
Bird Friendly prducers can als earn mre fr their crps. The wd and fruit trees n shade cffee farms prvide additinal incme 38. farmers. Every cup f Bird Friendly cffee bught rewards these farmers with a little mre mney fr taking gd care f the envirnment and encurages them t cntinue 39. (prtect) Bird Friendly habitat.
Yu can buy Bird Friendly certified cffees thrughut the wrld and prtect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a stre r cafe near yu, r better yet, have it 40. (deliver) t yur dr when yu rder nline.
种类
形式
意义特征
功能
不定式
t d
主动、将来
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语、状语和补语
t be dne
被动、将来
t be ding
主动、进行
t have dne
主动、完成
t have been dne
被动、完成
过去分词
dne
被动、完成
作表语、状语、定语和补语
动词-ing
ding
主动、进行
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语(不作目的状语)和补语
being dne
被动、进行
having dne
主动、完成
having been dne
被动、完成
情况
常用动词
只接不定式作宾语的动词
hpe,want,ffer,lng(渴望),fail,expect,wish,ask,decide,
pretend,manage,agree,affrd,determine,prmise,happen
只接v.-ing形式作宾语的动词或短语
mind,miss,enjy,imagine,practise,suggest,finish,escape,excuse,appreciate,admit,keep,avid,risk,resist,cnsider,can’t help,feel like,succeed in,be fnd f,bject t,get dwn t,be engaged in,insist n,think f,be prud f,take pride in,set abut,be afraid f,be tired f,lk frward t,devte neself t,be wrth,be busy,pay attentin t,stick t
两者都可以
意义相同
begin,start,like,lve,hate,prefer,cntinue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动词-ing形式多指一般或习惯行为)
need,want,require,deserve (接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)
意义不同
stp t d(停下手中正在做的事,去做另一件事)
stp ding(停止正在做的事)
remember/frget/regret t d(指动作尚未发生)
remember/frget/regret ding(指动作已经发生)
g n t d(接着做另外一件事)
g n ding(接着做同一件事)
try t d(设法,努力去做,尽力做)
try ding(试着去做)
mean t d(打算做,企图做)
mean ding(意思是,意味着)
形式
类别
例句
不定式
目的、原因、条件、结果
My parents will be delighted t see yu.(条件)
I cme here nly t say gd-bye t yu.(目的)
We’re prud t be yung peple f China.(原因)
动词-ing形式
时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况
Being a teacher,yu shuld help yur students in every way.(原因)
He cmes hme late every evening,making his wife very angry.(结果)
Using yur head,yu’ll find a gd way.(条件)
Wrking s hard,he failed again.(让步)
They eat using the fingers f their right hands.(方式)
He sat in the armchair,reading a newspaper.(伴随)
过去分词
时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果、让步
Brn in a pr family,Nadia had nly tw years f schling.(原因)
When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted t be a teacher.(时间)
Sme medicines,if wrngly taken,can kill a persn.(条件)
Encuraged by his parents,he still has n cnfidence in vercming the difficulties.(让步)
The patient gt ff the bed,supprted by the nurse.(方式)
The girl met with an accident when crssing the rad,wunded in the head.(结果)
形式
常见动词
与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念
例句
wish,want,ask,require/request,rder,warn,allw/permit,frbid,expect,remind,encurage,inspire,call n,depend n(接带t的不定式作宾语补足语)
主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作即将发生或已经完成
We depend n yu t help us ut f truble.
I made him d his wrk.
→He was made t d his wrk (by me).
They saw the by fall suddenly ff the tree.
→The by was seen t fall suddenly ff the tree.
see,hear,watch,feel,ntice,lk at等感官动词(词组)和let,make,have等使役动词后面,不定式作宾语补足语时要省略t。这样的动词可归纳为:
五看:watch,see,lk at,bserve,ntice;
三让:let,make,have;
二听:hear,listen t;
一感觉:feel。
注意:当以上动词用于被动语态的句子中时,t要还原
动词
-ing
形式
ntice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel
主谓关系(表主动)。强调动作正在进行,尚未完成
I fund her listening t the radi when I passed by.
过去
分词
动宾关系(表被动)。动作已经完成,多强调状态
We fund the village greatly changed.
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