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    【热点题型】2024高考英语二轮专题训练之题型归纳+演变 专题05 高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句与语法填空试卷

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    这是一份【热点题型】2024高考英语二轮专题训练之题型归纳+演变 专题05 高频语法之定语从句、名词性从句与语法填空试卷,文件包含专题05高频语法之定语从句名词性从句与语法填空原卷版docx、专题05高频语法之定语从句名词性从句与语法填空解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共50页, 欢迎下载使用。

    一、定语从句
    1. 思维导图
    2. 高考真题再现
    一、2022年高考真题
    1.(2022新高考I卷)
    The GPNP is intended t prvide strnger prtectin fr all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly imprve the health f the ecsystem in the area.
    答案:that
    解析:考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all修饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
    2.(2022全国甲卷)
    On the 1,100. Kilmeter jurney, the man Ca Shengkang, _________ lst his eyesight at the age f eight in a car accident, crssed 40 cities and cunties in three prvince.
    答案:wh
    解析:考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Ca Shengkang,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词wh引导。故填wh。
    3.(2022年浙江1月)
    Kim Cbb, a prfessr at the Gergia Institute f Technlgy in Atlanta, is ne f a small but grwing minrity f academics __________ are cutting back n their air travel because f climate change.
    答案:that/wh
    解析:考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cbb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/wh。
    二、2021-2019年高考真题
    1.(2021.1 浙江卷 语法填空)
    BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl 2 gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.
    【答案】that 或 which
    【解析】考查关系代词。句意:BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构可知gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl的定语从句,先行词为tl, 故答案为that/which。
    2. (2020新课标Ⅲ卷高考真题)In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almst lifelike.
    【答案】whse
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
    3.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Nw Irene Astbury wrks frm 9am t 5pm daily at the pet shp in Macclesfield, ___62___ she pened with her late husband Les.
    【答案】which
    【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the pet shp,在非限制性定语从句中作pened一词的宾语,故用which。
    4.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring fr these animals.
    【答案】wh
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填wh。
    5.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On the edge f the jacket, there is a piece f clth ___58___gives ff light in the dark.
    【答案】that/which
    【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是clth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
    6.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g.
    【答案】where
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
    7.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The students benefitting mst frm cllege are thse ___9___ are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life.
    【答案】wh/that
    【解析】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are ttally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句,修饰先行词thse,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填wh或that。
    8.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 66 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes (cause).
    【答案】that或which
    【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
    9.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment _started_ (start) a sil-testing prgram ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.
    【答案】that或which
    【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代prgram并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
    10.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Many westerners 57 cme t China ck much less than in their wn cuntries nce they realize hw cheap it can be t eat ut.
    【答案】that或wh
    【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是westerners指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词wh/that引导,故填wh/that。
    3. 考试技巧
    语法填空解题策略
    1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。
    2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则
    (1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用wh/that; 非限制性定语从句中用wh。
    (2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用wh/that/whm; 非限制性定语从句中用whm。
    (3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。
    (4)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语, 则用that或which。
    (5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whm; 如果先行词指物, 则用which。
    4. 知识点拓展
    1:考点梳理
    引导定语从句的关系词;
    限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别;
    “介词+关系代词”的结构;
    关系词之间的异同及选用。
    考点1 定语从句的种类
    (1)限制性定语从句
    从句在句中是不可缺少的部分,去掉后主句意思往往不明确,与主句之间不用逗号隔开。
    This is the huse which we bught last mnth.
    (2)非限制性定语从句
    从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明,去掉后不影响主句的意思,与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
    The huse, which we bught last mnth, is very nice.
    当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
    Charles Smith, wh was my frmer teacher, retired last year.
    My huse, which I bught last year, has gt a lvely garden.
    非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。He seems nt t have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
    考点2 关系代词与关系副词
    考点3 关系代词that和which的特殊用法
    1. 限制性定语从句中,只用关系代词that的情况:
    (1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nthing, little, much, few等不定代词。
    I will tell yu everything that I knw.
    (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。
    What is the first freign city that yu have ever been t?
    (3)先行词被the nly, the very (正好), the last, all, any, every, n, little, much, sme等限定词修饰。
    Chatting is the nly thing that interests her.
    (4)先行词中既有人也有物。
    The things and persns that they mentined are strange t me.
    (5)在which或wh的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。
    Wh is the by that is lying under the tree?
    2. 先行词指物时,只用关系代词which的情况:
    (1)“介词+关系代词”结构中。
    The huse in which we live is very large.
    (2)非限制性定语从句中。
    He changed his mind, which made me angry.
    (3)先行词本身是that。
    What is that which yu have put int yur schlbag just nw?
    考点4 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
    考点5 关系代词as和which的区别
    1. 位置不同。
    as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末;which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。
    As we all knw, life is nt a bed f rses.
    Life is nt a bed f rses, which we all knw.
    2. 意义不同。
    as意为“正如,就像”,引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义,主要起承上启下的作用;which意为“这一点”,引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句,补充说明主句的状态或结果。
    As ften happened, they wn the ftball game again.
    It rained heavily, which prevented us frm ging ut.
    3. 当先行词被such, s, as等词修饰时,一般用as引导定语从句。
    Such bks as yu want are sld ut.

    二、名词性从句
    1. 思维导图

    2. 高考真题再现
    一、2022年高考真题
    (2022年北京卷)
    It’s easy t explain hw we determine 15 smells are dangerus r nt.
    【答案】whether
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:很容易解释我们如何确定气味是否危险。分析题目,当引导的从句中出现r nt时,通常用whether,whether表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。故填whether。
    二、2021-2019年高考真题
    1.(2021.6新高考1卷)Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatle's sng "The Lng and Winding Rad". 1 is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes.
    【答案】what
    【解析】1: 考查名词性从句。分析题目,空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知,_____is s breathing abut the experience 作 is 的主语,为主语从句。从句中缺少主语,指代事情;且空格位于句首。故填What。
    2. (2020浙江高考真题)Over thusands f years,they began t depend less n 57 culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
    【答案】what
    【解析】考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
    3.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students d at cllege seems t matter much mre than ___8___ they g.
    【答案】where
    【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
    4.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】While they are rare nrth f 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way acrss the Arctic, and as far suth as James Bay in Canada.
    【答案】that
    【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的内容,故填that。

    3. 考试技巧
    【关键技法点拨】
    语法填空解题策略 名词性从句做题两步骤
    第1步判断是否属于名词性从句;第2步判断名词性从句中的连接词;若从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语, 用连接代词; 若缺少状语就用连接副词; 如果不缺少成分则要考虑意思是否完整, 是否需要用whether/if; 如果不缺少成分且意思完整用that。

    4. 知识点拓展
    1:考点梳理
    主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法;
    易混引导词的辨析;
    名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的区分。
    考点1 基本用法
    考点2 主语从句
    1. 引导词
    在复合句中充当主句主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的常见引导词有:
    (1)从属连词: that, whether, if
    (2)连接代词:what, which, wh, whse, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever
    (3)连接副词:hw, when, where, why, hwever, whenever, wherever
    2. it作形式主语
    在通常情况下,that引导主语从句时,常用it作形式主语,而将that从句置于句尾。用it作形式主语通常有以下四种句型:
    (1)It+be+形容词+从句:
    It is necessary that... 有必要……
    It is imprtant that... 重要的是……
    It is bvius that... 很明显……
    (2)It+be+过去分词+从句:
    It is believed that... 人们相信……
    It is knwn t all that... 众所周知……
    It has been decided that... 已决定……
    (3)It+be+名词(短语)+从句:
    It is cmmn knwledge that... ……是常识
    It is a surprise that... 令人惊奇的是……
    It is a fact that... 事实是……
    (4)It+不及物动词/动词短语+从句:
    It appears that... 似乎……
    It happens that... 碰巧……
    It ccurs t sb. that... 某人突然想起……
    It desn’t matter whether... ……没有关系
    考点3 宾语从句
    考点4 表语从句
    1. 引导词
    在复合句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句,可接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem, lk, sund, taste, feel, remain, appear等。表语从句的常见引导词有:
    (1)从属连词: that, whether
    (2)连接代词: what, which, wh, whse, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever
    (3)连接副词: hw, when, where, why
    2. 几种特殊的表语从句
    (1) as if/thugh 引导的表语从句
    此类表语从句常出现在seem, lk, sund, taste, feel, appear等连系动词后,从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。
    It sunds as if yu are frm Canada.
    It seemed as if she had heard the news.
    (2) because和why引导的表语从句
    此类表语从句常用于以下句型:
    this/that is why... 这/那是……的原因
    this/that is because... 这/那是因为……
    注意:主句主语是reasn时,表语从句一般由that引导,而不用because或why。
    The accident that happened yesterday was because the driver had been drunk.
    The reasn fr yesterday’s accident is that the driver was drunk.
    考点5 同位语从句
    考点6 连词whether和if在名词性从句中的使用
    1. 用whether或if均可的情况
    (1) whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时,两者均可。
    (2) it作形式主语,且主语从句在句末时,两者均可引导主语从句。
    It hasn’t been decided whether/if we shall study abrad.
    2. 用whether而不用if的情况
    (1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首
    Whether we will g camping depends n the weather.
    Whether he will succeed, I can’t say.
    (2)引导表语从句和同位语从句
    The questin is whether we can get in tuch with him.
    He must answer the questin whether he will attend the meeting.
    (3)引导介词的宾语从句
    Everything depends n whether we have free time.
    (4)引导词与r nt连用
    He desn’t knw whether r nt he is ging t stay.
    (5)引导词后接t d
    They needed mre time t cnsider whether t hld a meeting.
    (6)有些动词如discuss, decide等后的宾语从句
    We discussed whether we shuld hld a meeting.
    (7)避免用if引导产生歧义
    Let me knw whether yu are cming t ur party.
    三、模拟演练
    1.(2022·浙江嘉兴·二模)
    阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    A secnd-grade educatin has nt stpped garbage cllectr Jse Gutierrez, aged 53, frm bringing the gift f reading t thusands f Clmbian ____61____ (child).
    Gutierrez started rescuing bks frm the garbage nearly 20 years ag. He always drve a garbage truck thrugh the cuntry’s wealthier neighbrhds. Over time, the ____62____ (abandn) reading material slwly piled up. And nw the grund flr f his small huse is fled frm flr t ceiling ____63____ sme 20,000 bks, ranging frm chemistry textbks t classics fr kids.
    He says bks are treasures fr kids in lw-incme neighbrhds such as ____64____ (he). New reading material at bkstres is t expensive and public libraries tend ____65____ (be) far away frm prer areas. “This shuld be n each crner f every neighbrhd,” says Gutierrez. He has a lve f reading ____66____ he says cmes frm his mther. She always read t him even thugh she was ____67____ pr t keep him in schl.
    S far, Gutierrez ____68____ (travel) t bk fairs in Mexic and Chile t share his experience f starting a library. “T me, the bk is the greatest ____69____ (invent) that can happen t a human being,” he says, adding that he des nt reject technlgy that allws bks t be read _____70_____ (digital), but he prefers t read the printed wrds n paper.
    答案:
    61.children
    62.abandned
    63.with
    64.his
    65.t be
    66.that##which
    67.t
    68.has traveled##has travelled
    69.inventin
    70.digitally
    【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了53岁的拾荒者Jse Gutierrez,在二十年来,一直将垃圾中的书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚孩子们。
    61.考查名词的数。句意:小学二年级的教育并没有阻止53岁的拾荒者Jse Gutierrez把阅读这份礼物带给成千上万的哥伦比亚孩子。child为单数可数名词,根据上文的“thusands f”可知,空处需要用child的复数形式。故填children。
    62.考查形容词。句意:随着时间的推移,被遗弃的阅读材料慢慢堆积起来。根据下文的“reading material”可知,空处需要用形容词修饰名词。再根据上文可知,这些书都是从垃圾中整理出来的,也就是被丢弃的。故填abandned。
    63.考查介词。句意:现在,他的小房子的一层从地板到天花板都堆满了书,大约2万本,从化学课本到经典儿童读物。根据下文“sme 20,000 bks”可知,空处填介词,表示“有”。故填with。
    64.考查代词。句意:他说,对于像他这样的低收入社区的孩子来说,书是宝贵的财富。空处指的是“他的社区”,用名词性物主代词,表示“his neighbrhd”。故填his。
    65.考查非谓语动词。句意:书店的新读物太贵,而公共图书馆往往远离贫困地区。短语tend t d sth.倾向于做某事。故填t be。
    66.考查定语从句。句意:他喜欢阅读,他说这是受他母亲的影响。句中先行词为a lve f reading,在定语从句中担当宾语从句的主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
    67.考查副词。句意:即使她穷得不能供他上学,她也总是读书给他听。短语t…t d sth.太……而不能做某事。故填t。
    68.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,Gutierrez已经去过墨西哥和智利的书展,分享他创办图书馆的经验。根据s far可知,本句时态为现在完成时,主语单数,所以用has。故填has travel(l)ed。
    69.考查名词。句意:他说:“对我来说,书是人类最伟大的发明。” 他补充说,他并不排斥数字化阅读的技术,但他更喜欢阅读纸质印刷的文字。根据上文“the greatest”可知,空处需填名词形式,且主语为the bk单数,所以用单数形式。故填inventin。
    70.考查副词。句意:他说:“对我来说,书是人类最伟大的发明。” 他补充说,他并不排斥数字化阅读的技术,但他更喜欢阅读纸质印刷的文字。空处修饰动词read用副词形式。故填digitally。
    2.(2022·新疆师范大学附属中学一模)
    阅读下面短文,从空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的适当形式。
    Being in the right place at the right time can mean the difference between life and death. When ____71____abnrmal ice strm felled runners in a 100-kilmeter crss-cuntry race in China’s nrth-western Gansu Prvince, a shepherd(牧羊人)____72____(name) Zhu Keming braved the elements t pull three men and three wmen t____73____(safe).
    The day f the race began with mild temperatures. Zhu was tending his sheep as usual when temperatures ____74____ (drp) quickly. Small hard balls f ice mixed with rain began t fall t the earth, and then Zhu tk shelter ____75____a small cave he'd been using fr years t stre emergency supplies. It was frm this psitin that Zhu nticed a man in bvius danger. Zhu brught the man back t the cave t warm him up. After ____76____(light) a fire, Zhu returned t the muntainside, shepherding five ____77____(additin) runners t the cave. Unprepared fr the sudden shift in the weather, mst racers were utfitted in lightweight clthing that was n match fr the____78____ (extreme) cld weather.
    "I want t say ____79____ grateful I am t the man wh saved me," said Zhang Xiata, wh was ne f the runners. While Zhu is nw cnsidered as a her, the humble shepherd said," I am just an rdinary persn and did what I culd_____80_____ (help) these runners.
    答案:
    71.an
    72.named
    73.safety
    74.drpped
    75.in
    76.lighting
    77.additinal
    78.extremely
    79.hw
    80.t help
    【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,介绍了在中国西北部甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野比赛中,一场异常的冰暴导致选手们摔倒,一位名叫朱克明(音译)的牧羊人不畏艰险,将三名男子和三名女子救出安全地带,他因此而被视为英雄。
    71.考查冠词。句意:在中国西北部甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野比赛中,一场异常的冰暴导致选手们摔倒,一位名叫朱克明(音译)的牧羊人不畏艰险,将三名男子和三名女子救出安全地带。名词ice strm是单数形式且形容词abnrmal发音以元音音素开头,因此用不定冠词an泛指,故填an。
    72.考查非谓语动词。句意:在中国西北部甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野比赛中,一场异常的冰暴导致选手们摔倒,一位名叫朱克明(音译)的牧羊人不畏艰险,将三名男子和三名女子救出安全地带。名词a shepherd与动词name是被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
    73.考查名词。句意:在中国西北部甘肃省举行的一场100公里越野比赛中,一场异常的冰暴导致选手们摔倒,一位名叫朱克明的牧羊人不畏艰险,将三名男子和三名女子救出安全地带。介词t后接名词形式,表抽象意义,不可数,故填safety。
    74.考查时态。句意:当气温迅速下降时,朱克明像往常一样在放羊。根据文章时态可知,陈述过去事情,用一般过去时。故填drpped。
    75.考查介词。句意:小而坚硬的冰球和雨水开始降落到地面上,然后朱躲进了一个小洞穴,他多年来一直用这个洞穴来储存应急物资。名词cave前用介词in,表示“在……里面”。故填in。
    76.考查非谓语动词。句意:在点燃一堆火后,朱克明回到山腰,带着另外五个人跑到洞里。介词after后接动名词作宾语。故填lighting。
    77.考查形容词。句意:在点燃一堆火后,朱克明回到山腰,带着另外五个人跑到洞里。空格后是名词runners,名词前要用形容词修饰。故填additinal。
    78.考查副词。句意:由于没有对天气的突然变化做好准备,大多数选手都穿着很薄的衣服,这在极端寒冷的天气里根本不适合。形容词cld前用副词修饰。故填extremely。
    79.考查感叹句。句意;“我想对救我的人说声谢谢,”参赛者之一张晓涛说。空格后形容词grateful可知,这是一个由hw引导感叹句:hw+形容词+主语+谓语!故填hw。
    80.考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然朱克明现在被视为英雄,但这位谦卑的牧羊人说:“我只是一个普通人,我尽我所能帮助这些选手。d what sb. can/culd t d sth. 尽某人的所能做某事。故填t help。
    3.(2022·河南·南阳中学三模)
    阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    A unique exhibitin f paintings pened at the Shanghai Mental Health Center n Thursday—all the 49 paintings are created by three hspitalized artists with schizphrenia (精神分裂).
    With the theme f “lud hailer”, the exhibitin ffers peple with the mental disrder a chance t express themselves artistically and allws their vice ______1______(hear) by the public, fficials frm the center said. This can aruse ______2______(aware) and prmte better understanding and supprt fr peple with mental diseases, they added.
    “Lud hailer means tw-way cmmunicatin. These paintings are created by patients _____3_____have been hspitalized fr a lng time. They live in a ______4______(relative) clsed envirnment. S we want t use this exhibitin t achieve cmmunicatin between these hspitalized artists ____5____the audience,” said Chen Mengyuan, the curatr.
    Dr Xie Bin frm the Shanghai Mental Health Center said the exhibitin als aims t remve the stigma (污名) attached ______6______ peple with schizphrenia.
    “We hpe mre peple with mental disease will becme _______7_______(schlar), artists and even great scientists like Jhn Nash thrugh medical treatment and a gd ______8______(sciety) envirnment.”
    Nash was an American mathematician wh ________9________(award) the 1994 Nbel Prize fr Ecnmics and whse life as _______10_______schizphrenia patient was described in the mvie A Beautiful Mind, based n his bk f the same name.
    答案:
    t be heard
    2.awareness
    3.wh##that
    4.relatively
    5.and
    6.t
    7.schlars
    8.scial
    9.was awarded
    10.a
    【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一场独特的画展在上海精神卫生中心开幕——所有49幅画都是由三名住院的精神分裂症艺术家创作的。此次展览以“话筒”为主题,为精神障碍患者提供了一个艺术表达自己的机会,让公众听到他们的声音。
    1.考查非谓语动词。句意:据该中心的工作人员介绍,此次展览以“话筒”为主题,为精神障碍患者提供了一个艺术表达自己的机会,让公众听到他们的声音。此处为短语allw…t d sth.表示“允许…做某事”的意思,动词hear与被修饰的名词vice构成逻辑上的被动关系,所以要用动词不定式的被动结构。故填t be heard。
    2.考查名词。句意:他们补充说,这可以唤起人们的意识,促进对精神疾病患者的更好理解和支持。分析句子结构可知,空格处作及物动词aruse的宾语,表示“意识”应用名词awareness,是不可数。故填awareness。
    3.考查定语从句。句意:这些画是由长期住院的病人创作的。 3 have been hspitalized fr a lng time为限定性定语从句,修饰先行词patients,在从句中作主语,指人,故用关系代词wh或that引导。故填wh/that。
    4.考查副词。句意:他们生活在一个相对封闭的环境中。分析句子结构可知,空格处用副词作状语relatively修饰形容词clsed。故填relatively。
    5.考查连词。句意:所以我们想通过这次展览来实现这些住院艺术家和观众之间的交流。结合句子结构和意思可知,这里表示“在……和……之间”,短语为between…and…。故填and。
    6.考查固定短语。句意:上海精神卫生中心的谢斌医生说,这次展览还旨在消除人们对精神分裂症患者的耻辱感。固定短语attach sth. t sb.,表示“把……附于……”的意思,此处是被动be attached t (被附加到),用过去分词短语attached t做后置定语。故填t。
    7.考查名词的数。句意:我们希望通过医疗和良好的社会环境,更多的精神疾病患者能成为学者、艺术家,甚至像约翰·纳什那样的伟大科学家。schlar为可数名词,根据后文artists and even great scientists可知,前面没有限定词,所以用复数形式,表示泛指的意思。故填schlars。
    8.考查形容词。句意:见第7题详解。分析句子结构可知,空格处修饰后面的名词envirnment,所以应用形容词scial,作定语。故填scial。
    9.考查时态和语态。句意:纳什是1994年获得诺贝尔经济学奖的美国数学家,他的精神分裂症生活被改编成电影《美丽心灵》。分析句子结构可知,wh 9 (award) the 1994 Nbel Prize fr Ecnmics是定语从句,修饰先行词mathematician,在从句中做主语,与从句谓语动词award构成被动关系,根据后文the 1994 Nbel Prize fr Ecnmics可知,这句话描述的是过去的事情,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是mathematician,所以be动词用was。故填was awarded。
    10.考查不定冠词。句意:见第9题详解。patient为可数名词单数,此处表泛指“一个”的意思,且schizphrenia是发音以辅音音素开头的单词,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
    4.(2022·辽宁·模拟预测)
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    We believe that acts f kindness can change the wrld fr the ___11___ (gd). On April 28, ___12___ (cuntry) acrss the wrld will unite with ne cmmn gal:t stand fr kindness tgether. Pay It Frward Day helps cnduct a series f gdness ___13___ (feel) acrss the glbe.
    Pay It Frward Day, a wrldwide celebratin f kindness, ___14___ (create) in 2010 in the United States, wrking hard t bring frward ___15___ cncept f paying it frward t the wrld at large. We are excited that we nw have ver 80 cuntries ___16___ (participate) in Pay it Frward Day with ver 100 state and city prclamatins.
    Of curse, ____17____ we all hpe is that peple pay kindness frward every day and make each day a little bit brighter. We believe that small acts, when multiplied by millins f peple can ___18___ (definite) have a deep impact n the wrld—and n April 28th we’ll set ut t prve it! Fr this year's internatinal Pay it Frward Day(PIFD)we are aiming t inspire ver 10 millin acts f kindness arund the wrld. Imagine the ___19___ (different) that wuld make! Jin us ____20____ paying it frward and help spread the wrd abut this imprtant day!
    答案:
    better
    12.cuntries
    13.felt
    14.was created
    15.the
    16.participating
    17.what
    18.definitely
    19.difference
    20.in
    【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Pay It Frward Day。
    11.考查形容词。句意:善良之举可以使世界变得更好。根据句意,此处涉及短语“fr the better”(向更好的方向发展)。故填better。
    12.考查名词。句意:4月28日,世界各国将为了一个共同的目标团结在一起:共同维护善良。根据其后修饰语“acrss the wrld”(全球的)可知,“cuntry”应为复数意义。故填cuntries。
    13.考查非谓语动词。句意:Pay It Frward Day帮助全球开展了一系列被全球感受到的有益的活动。分析句子结构可知,此处要填非谓语动词,在句中作定语,修饰前面的名词“a series f gdness”(一系列的善举);所填词与该名词之间是被动关系,意为“被全球都感受到的善意”。故填felt。
    14.考查时态和语态。句意:Pay It Frward Day是一个世界性的慈善活动,于2010年在美国成立,旨在向全世界推广“传递爱心”的理念。分析句子结构可知,此处要填谓语动词,所填词“create”(创造)与句子主语Pay It Frward Day之间是被动关系;根据时间状语“in 2010”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was created.
    15.考查冠词。句意:Pay It Frward Day是一个世界性的慈善活动,于2010年在美国成立,旨在向全世界推广“传递爱心”的理念。根据名词“cncept”后有介词短语“f paying it frward t the wrld at large”修饰限定,所以此处是特指,要填定冠词。故填the。
    16.考查非谓语动词。句意:我们很高兴,现在有80多个国家参与了Pay It Frward Day,有100多个州和城市宣布了这一活动。分析句子结构可知,此处要填非谓语动词,在句中作定语修饰修饰名词“cuntries”;所填词“participate”与该名词之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语。故填participating。
    17.考查名词性从句。句意:当然,我们都希望人们每天都把善意传递下去,让每一天都变得更美好。分析句子结构可知,此处“___7___ we all hpe”在句中作主语;该从句谓语动词“hpe”后缺少宾语,所以填连接代词what。故填what。
    18.考查副词。句意:我们相信,小的行动,如果乘以数百万人,肯定会对世界产生深远的影响——4月28日,我们将开始证明这一点! 空格前后是情态动词“can”与实义动词“have”,所以此处要填副词。故填definitely。
    19.考查名词。句意:想象一下这会带来的不同!空格前有定冠词the,所以此处要填名词。故填difference。
    20.考查介词。句意:加入我们,把它传递出去,帮助传播这个重要的日子! 根据句意及空格前动词“jin”(加入),可知此处涉及短语“jin sb. in ding sth.”(加入某人一起做某事)。故填in。
    5.(2022·辽宁·阜新蒙古族自治县高级中学模拟预测)
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填上1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    The peple f Kiunga, Kenya, have been frced t drink, ck and bathe in dirty and___21___(pllute) water fr years. In 2018, GivePwer, a nnprfit rganizatin ___22___ prvides slar energy slutins t regins that need it mst, installed its first-ever slar water farm, and it___23___ (prvide) clean water t 3,000 peple every single day s far. The slar water farm turns the salt water f the Indian Ocean___24___ clean drinking water thrugh advanced filtratin(过滤)systems.
    The main issue is that water plants cst a lt ___25___ (run), hwever, slar panels have helped slve this issue. GivePwer’s slar water farm prduces slar energy using ___26___ (it) slar panels. These are able t prduce 50 kilwatts f energy and pwer tw water pumps that run 24___27___ (hur) a day. Befre their slar farm ___28___ (build), the peple f Kiunga had t travel up t ne hur a day just t get access t clean drinking water.
    “Just $20 prvides clean, healthy, fresh water fr ne persn fr___29___entire decade!” GivePwer Fundatin wrte n Instagram ___30___ (prud).
    答案:
    plluted
    22.that##which
    23.has prvided##has been prviding
    24.int
    25.t run
    26.its
    27.hurs
    28.was built
    29.an
    30.prudly
    【分析】本文为一篇说明文,介绍了一家非盈利公司GivePwer帮助肯尼亚的Kiunga地区的人们解决用水问题的事迹。
    21.考查形容词。句意:肯尼亚Kiunga的人民多年来一直被迫在肮脏的污水中饮水、做饭和洗澡。空处用形容词作定语,表示“被污染的”,用plluted符合题意。故填plluted。
    22.考查定语从句。句意:2018年,为最需要太阳能的地区提供太阳能解决方案的非营利组织GivePwer安装了首个太阳能水场,到目前为止,每天都为3000人提供清洁水。分析句子可知,空处缺少关系词引导定语从句,先行词为a nnprfit rganizatin,作后面从句的主语,且表示物,用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。
    23.考查动词时态。句意同上。分析句子可知,空处缺少and后面句子的谓语,根据s far可知,句子为现在完成时,如果强调过程一直进行,用现在完成进行时。故填has prvided/has been prviding。
    24.考查介词。 句意:太阳能水场通过先进的过滤系统将印度洋的海水转化为清洁的饮用水。turn…int…(把……转变成……),固定短语。故填int。
    25.考查非谓语动词。 句意:主要问题是水厂的运行成本很高,然而太阳能电池板帮助解决了这个问题。分析句子结构可知,空处缺少不定式作状语,cst a lt t run意思为:运行成本很高。故填t run。
    26.考查代词。 句意:GivePwer的太阳能水场利用太阳能电池板生产太阳能。空处作定语,用形容词性物主代词its。it为人称代词。故填its。
    27.考查名词。句意:它们能够产生50千瓦的能量,并为两个24小时运行的水泵提供动力。24后搭配可数名词复数形式。故填hurs。
    28.考查动词时态语态。句意:在他们的太阳能农场建成之前,Kiunga的人们每天要走一小时的路才能获得干净的饮用水。Befre引导时间状语从句,从句缺少谓语,build和farm为动宾关系,此处用被动语态,且根据had t可知,句子为一般过去时,此处用一般过去时的被动语态。主语slar farm为单数。故填was built。
    29.考查冠词。句意:“只要20美元就可以为一个人提供整整十年的清洁、健康、新鲜的水!”GivePwer基金会在Instagram上自豪地写道。空格后decade是可数名词单数形式,此处表示泛指,entire为元音音素开始发音,用不定冠词an。故填an。
    30.考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词wrte,用副词作状语。故填prudly。
    6.(2022·江苏·模拟预测)
    阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式(至多三个单词)。
    The Beijing Organizing Cmmittee fr the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games sent a thank-yu letter t vlunteer applicants wh were nt ____31____ (previus) selected and expressed gratitude fr their supprt in the preparatin wrk f the Games.
    The letter says the COVID-19 pandemic ____32____ (bring) great challenges t many aspects f the preparatin wrk, and the cmmittee has adjusted requirements fr vlunteers in ____33____ (cnsider) f virus cntrl and preventin.
    “____34____ yu were nt selected as a vlunteer f the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics, every applicant is ____35____ excellent prmter fr the Olympic spirit and vlunteerism,” the cmmittee says in the letter.
    Many applicants said they ____36____ (mve) by the tuching letter and psted their replies nline. A netizen named Jleen-kun said ____37____ (they) applicatin had been seen, which was smething t be prud f as they were respected by the cmmittee.
    Anther netizen Xiguali cmmented that their enthusiasm has been respected and the cmmittee is warm t pay attentin t details, thus ____38____ (send) a letter like this.
    Accrding t the Beijing 2022 Organizing Cmmittee, mre than 1 millin peple applied t serve ____39____ vlunteers and nearly 20,000 were selected, mst f _____40_____ are frm clleges and universities in Beijing and Hebei Prvince.
    答案:
    previusly
    32.has brught
    33.cnsideratin
    34.Althugh##Thugh##While
    35.an
    36.were mved
    37.their
    38.sending
    39.as
    40.whm
    【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会向未入选的志愿者申请者送去的温暖。
    31.考查副词。句意:北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会组委会向未入选的志愿者申请者发送感谢信,感谢他们在冬奥会筹备工作中给予的支持。动词 selected 前用副词修饰作状语。故填 previusly。
    32.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:信中说,新冠肺炎疫情给准备工作的方方面面带来了巨大的挑战,委员会考虑到疫情防控,调整了对志愿者的要求。根据句中的 has adjusted 并结合句意,空格处动词为现在完成时。主语“the COVID-19 pandemic”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填 has brught。
    33.考查名词。句意:信中说,新冠肺炎疫情给准备工作的方方面面带来了巨大的挑战,委员会考虑到疫情防控,调整了对志愿者的要求。空格前是介词 in,后为介词 f,固定短语 in cnsideratin f “考虑到”。故填cnsideratin。
    34.考查连词。句意:虽然你没有被选为北京 2022 年冬奥会和残奥会的志愿者,但每一位申请者都是奥林匹克精神和志愿者精神的优秀推广者。前后句之间为转折关系,所以用转折连词。故填 Althugh/Thugh/While。
    35.考查冠词。句意:虽然你没有被选为北京2022年冬奥会和残奥会的志愿者,但每一位申请者都是奥林匹克精神和志愿者精神的优秀推广者。根据句意,excellent prmter 前应为不定冠词 an,表示泛指,excellent以元音音素开头。故填an。
    36.考查时态与语态。句意:许多申请者表示,他们被这封感人的信所感动,并在网上发布了回复。根据语境可知,描述过去发生的事情用用一般过去时。主语they与动词mve之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,且主语是复数,谓语动词用复数。故填were mved。
    37.考查代词。句意:一位名叫Jleen-kun的网友表示,他们的申请被看到了,这是值得骄傲的事情,因为他们得到了委员会的尊重。名词applicatin前需填形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。
    38.考查非谓语动词。句意:另一位网友“西瓜里”评论说,他们的热情受到了尊重,委员会注重细节的热情也得到了尊重,所以才发了这样一封邮件。分析句子可知,此处用现在分词作结果状语,表示理所应当的结果,主语the cmmittee与动词send 之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填sending。
    39.考查介词。句意:据北京2022年冬奥会组委会介绍,超过100万人申请成为2022年北京冬奥会志愿者,近2万人最终脱颖而出,其中大多数人来自北京和河北省的高校。serve as 表示“充当;担任”。故填as。
    40.考查定语从句。句意:据北京2022年冬奥会组委会介绍,超过100万人申请成为2022年北京冬奥会志愿者,近2万人最终脱颖而出,其中大多数人来自北京和河北省的高校。分析句子可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词为vlunteers,在非限定性定语从句中介词f的宾语,指人,所以用关系代词whm引导。故填whm。
    7.阅读下面材料,
    在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
    English perfectly shws the “netwrk effects” f a glbal tngue: the mre peple use it, the mre useful it is. Parents expect their children 1. (master)English, which is encuraging the 2. (grw)f private schling. Educatin authrities are switching t English medium, in part t cntrl the utflw(外流) f children int the private sectr.
    Teaching children in English is fine if that is 3. they speak at hme and their parents are fluent 4. it. But that is nt 5. case in mst public and lw-cst private schls. Children are taught in a language they dn’t understand by teachers 6. English is pr. The children learn neither English nr anything else.
    Research shws that children learn 7. (much)when they are taught in their mther tngue than they d when they are taught in any ther language. In a study f children in 12 schls in Camern last mnth, thse taught in Km 8. (d)better than thse taught in English in all subjects.
    English shuld be an imprtant subject at schl, but nt 9. (necessary)the language f instructin. Rather than switching t English-medium teaching, gvernments fearful f 10. (lse) custm (光顾) t the private sectr shuld lk at the many pssible ways f imprving public schls.
    【答案】
    1. t master
    2. grwth
    3. what
    4. in
    5. the
    6. whse
    7. mre
    8. did
    9. necessarily
    10. lsing
    【分析】
    这是一篇议论文。短文阐述了儿童教学宜采用母语,而非英语。
    1. 考查动词不定式。expect sb t d sth “期望某人做某事”为固定短语。故填 t master。
    2. 考查名词。 the +名词+f...“。。。。。。。的”。故填grwth。
    3. 考查连接代词。分析句子可知,is后接表语从句。在表语从句中,what作speak的宾语。故填 what。
    4. 考查介词。be fluent in“在方面流利”为固定短语。故填in。
    5. 考查冠词。this is nt the case“情况不是这样”为固定短语。故填the。
    6. 考查关系代词。分析句子可知,teachers 为先行词,在后面的定语从句中作定语,所以关系代词为whse。故填whse。
    7. 考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知,空处应填much的比较级mre。故填mre。
    8. 考查一般过去时。由“last mnth”可知,本句为一般过去时。所以空处填did。故填did 。
    9. 考查副词。necessarily为副词修饰整个句子。故填necessarily。
    10. 考查动名词。f 为介词后接动名词作宾语。故填lsing。
    8.阅读下面短文,
    在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Pinyin is a successful tl, which 11. (teach) in China t schl kids. It is nt merely used by westerners like us. It has prved t be a useful tl fr Chinese peple 12. (they) t learn standard prnunciatin in their early educatin.
    The first step is t learn hw 13. (prnunce) each letter in pinyin crrectly and the meaning f the tne markers. Then yu have t d 14. (drill) as many as yu can. Turn that int a game. It can be 15. (much) fun than yu wuld expect. Start 16. single syllables and d that a lt and then syllable pairs. Slwly mve n t larger grups. Understand the initial, final and the tnes.
    But mst imprtantly, 17. yu need is gd feedback. Yu’d better have smene that can crrect yur mistakes immediately.
    Find a native Chinese, 18. can listen t yu and crrect yu. If yu take Chinese classes, the teacher will 19. (prbable) have yu d drills every class. D this very seriusly.
    If yu are self-studying, try t meet native Chinese peple and ask them t give yu sme feedback. Otherwise, try t be self-critical and listen very carefully. Gd 20. (listen) is mre than 50% f what it takes t prnunce crrectly.
    【答案】
    11. is taught
    12. themselves
    13. t prnunce
    14. drills
    15. mre
    16. with
    17. what
    18. wh
    19. prbably
    20. listening
    【分析】
    这是一篇说明文。短文就如何学习好中国的拼音提出了一些建议。
    11. 考查一般现在时的被动语态。分析句子可知,tl为先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,且与谓语teach为被动。因为本句在介绍“拼音”,所以本句为一般现在时。故填is taught 。
    12. 考查反身代词。分析句子可知,拼音已被证明是中国人在早期教育中学习标准发音的有用工具。所以Chinese peple 与they的反身代词为同位关系,所以填反身代词themselves。故填themselves 。
    13. 考查动词不定式。hw t d sth 在句中作 learn的宾语。故填t prnunce。
    14. 考查名词复数。drill为可数名词,由“as many as”可知,应填drill的复数。故填drills 。
    15. 考查形容词比较级。由“than”可知,应填much的比较级mre。故填 mre 。
    16. 考查介词。start with “以开始”为固定短语且符合句意。故填with。
    17. 考查连接代词。分析句子可知,本句为主语从句,主语为we,谓语为need,所以用what作need的宾语。what在名词性从句中一定做成分,而且常做主语、宾语、表语或者定语。故填what。
    18. 考查关系代词。分析句子可知,a native Chinese为先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语。所以关系代词为wh。故填wh 。
    19. 考查副词。prbably为副词修饰动词have。故填prbably。
    20. 考查名词。Gd为形容词修饰名词listening。故填listening。
    9.阅读下面短文,
    在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Have yu ever met anyne f yur age frm America? D yu think yu wuld have a lt 21. cmmn with the middle schl students there?
    In fact, there are lts f 22. (different). Fr example, classes in American schls are 23. (small) than urs. Mst classes in America have n mre than 30 students. Mst students in the US dn’t wear schl unifrms, and they never d grup exercises each day the way we d. 24. we d exercises in the mrning tgether will make them surprised.
    In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.What’s the first thing yu think abut when yu get up in the mrning? It’s 25. (prbable) yur lessns at schl. Yu may wnder26. yu have finished yur hmewrk. Chinese students are always under lts f pressure bth at hme 27. at schl. They study hard at night, and smetimes even n weekends because exams are very imprtant t them.
    Fr Chinese students, schl is life, but nt fr American students. They dn’t have t wrry abut passing exams all the time, s they can spend time in and ut f schl 28. (d) things they enjy. Students d different things fr fun. Playing sprts, making music and surfing the website are all their favrite activities. Many American teachers think that 29. (study) hard isn’t enugh t make gd students. They encurage students 30. (try) lts f different things.
    【答案】
    21. in
    22. differences
    23. smaller
    24. That
    25. prbably
    26. if/whether
    27. and
    28. ding
    29. studying
    30. t try
    【分析】
    这是一篇说明文。文章比较了美国学生和中国学生的不同之处。
    21. 考查介词。句意:你认为你会和那里的中学生有很多共同之处吗?短语have sth. in cmmn“在……方面有共同点”。故填in。
    22. 考查名词的数。句意:事实上,有很多不同之处。本句为there be句型,缺少名词做主语,且由lts f修饰故填名词复数形式differences。
    23. 考查形容词比较级。句意:事实上,例如,美国学校的班级比我们的小。它们有很多不同之处。根据下文than可知应填形容词比较级smaller。
    24. 考查连接词。句意:我们早上一起做练习会让他们感到惊讶。本句为主语从句,从句中不缺少成分,且位于句首,故填That。
    25. 考查副词。句意:可能是你在学校上的课。本句中副词做状语修饰句子,故填prbably。
    26. 考查连接词。句意:你可能想知道你是否完成了家庭作业。从句中不缺少任何成分,由此可断定用that/if/whether,结合句意可知,需用表达“是否”意思的连接词,that无意义,因此断定用if/whether。
    27. 考查固定短语。句意:中国学生在家里和学校总是承受着很大的压力。短语bth…and…“两者都……”,故填and。
    28. 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们不必一直担心通过考试,所以他们可以花时间在学校内外做他们喜欢的事情。短语spend time ding sth.“花费时间做某事”,故填ding。
    29. 考查非谓语动词。句意:许多美国老师认为努力学习不足以成为好学生。本句为宾语从句,从句中需要动名词短语做主语,故填studying。
    30. 考查非谓语动词。句意:他们鼓励学生尝试许多不同的东西。短语encurage sb. t d sth.“鼓励某人做某事”后跟不定式,故填t try。
    10.阅读下面短文,
    在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Three-quarters f the wrld's cffee farms destry frest habitat t grw cffee in the sun and usually use harmful pesticides(杀虫剂) and 31. (chemical) that pisn the envirnment. When frests disappear, migratry (迁徙的)sngbirds disappear, t. In rder t deal with increasing ppulatin and habitat 32. (lse),Smithsnian scientists created the Bird Friendly certificatin (证书).
    Bird Friendly cffees are shade-grwn, meaning the cffee is planted under trees, rather than n the land that 33. (clear) f all ther plants. Cffee experts say shade-grwn cffees taste 34. (gd), because the beans ripen slwer than cffee grwn in the full sun, 35. (result) in a richer, mre cmplex flavr (味道). Bird Friendly certified cffees grw under bi-diverse shade that prvides habitat fr migratry sngbirds and ther wildlife, stres carbn 36. fights climate change. Bird Friendly cffees are als certified rganic, meaning they are grwn withut pesticides, 37. is better fr peple and fr the planet.
    Bird Friendly prducers can als earn mre fr their crps. The wd and fruit trees n shade cffee farms prvide additinal incme 38. farmers. Every cup f Bird Friendly cffee bught rewards these farmers with a little mre mney fr taking gd care f the envirnment and encurages them t cntinue 39. (prtect) Bird Friendly habitat.
    Yu can buy Bird Friendly certified cffees thrughut the wrld and prtect wildlife and habitat with every cup. Find a stre r cafe near yu, r better yet, have it 40. (deliver) t yur dr when yu rder nline.
    【答案】
    31. chemicals
    32. lss
    33. has been cleared/is cleared
    34. better
    35. resulting
    36. and
    37. which
    38. fr
    39. prtecting/t prtect
    40. delivered
    【分析】
    本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍史密森学会的科学家创造的the Bird Friendly认证。这主要是为了应对鸟类增长的人口和栖息地的丧失。
    31. 考查名词复数。句意:通常使用有害的杀虫剂和毒害环境的化学品。结合句意可知此处用名词复数,故答案为chemicals。
    32. 考查名词。句意:为了应对增长的人口和栖息地的丧失,史密森学会的科学家创造了the Bird Friendly certificatin。结合句意可知此处用名词,lse的名词是“lss”,故答案为lss。
    33. 考查时态和语态。句意:适合鸟类生长的咖啡是在树荫下种植的,这意味着咖啡种植在树下,而不是种植在已经清除了所有其他植物的土地上。结合句意可知此处用一般现在时态或现在完成时态的被动语态,且主语是land,单数第三人称,故答案为has been cleared/is cleared。
    34. 考查比较级。句意:咖啡专家说,在阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好,因为咖啡豆比在阳光下生长的咖啡成熟得慢,因此味道更丰富、更复杂。根据than可知此处用形容词的比较级,故答案为better。
    35. 考查现在分词。句意:咖啡专家说,在阴凉处种植的咖啡味道更好,因为咖啡豆比在阳光下生长的咖啡成熟得慢,因此味道更丰富、更复杂。此处是现在分词作自然的结果状语,故答案为resulting。
    36. 考查并列连词。句意:经过鸟类友好认证的咖啡生长在生物多样性的树荫下,为候鸟和其他野生动物提供栖息地,储存碳,对抗气候变化。此处是并列关系,故答案为and。
    37. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意:对鸟类无害的咖啡也被认证为有机咖啡,这意味着它们在种植过程中不使用杀虫剂,这对人类和地球都有好处。此处是整个句子做先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句中作主语,故答案为which。
    38. 考查固定搭配。句意:树荫下的咖啡农场里的树木和果树为农民提供了额外的收入。固定搭配:prvide sb. with sth./prvide sth. fr sb.“提供给某人某物”。故答案为fr。
    39. 考查固定搭配。句意:鼓励他们继续保护鸟类的栖息地。固定搭配:cntinue t d/ding sth.“继续做某事”,故答案为prtecting/t prtect。
    40. 考查过去分词。句意:在你附近找一家商店或咖啡馆,或者更好的是,当你在网上订购时,把它送到你的门口。固定结构:have +宾语+宾语补足语,此处it 和deliver之间是被动关系,是过去分词作宾语补足语,故答案为delivered。
    关系词
    先行词
    从句成分
    例句
    备注




    wh

    主语
    D yu knw the man wh is talking with yur mther?
    whm,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
    whm

    宾语
    Mr Smith is the persn with whm I am wrking.
    The by (whm) she lved died in the war.
    whse
    人、物
    定语
    I like thse bks whse tpics are abut histry.
    The by whse father wrks abrad is my deskmate.
    that
    人、物
    主语、宾语
    A plane is a machine that can fly.
    She is the pp star (that) I want t see very much.
    which

    主语、宾语
    The bk (which) I gave yu was wrth $10.
    The picture which was abut the accident was terrible.
    as
    人、物
    主语、宾语
    He is such a persn as is respected by all f us.
    This is the same pen as I lst yesterday.
    as作宾语一般不省略




    when
    时间
    时间状语
    I will never frget the day when we met there.
    可用n which替换
    where
    地点
    地点状语
    This is the huse where I was brn.
    可用in which替换
    why
    原因
    原因状语
    I can’t imagine the reasn why he turned dwn my ffer.
    可用fr which替换
    类别
    语法意义及特征
    例句
    限制性定语从句
    对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开
    The accident happened at the time when I left.
    非限制性定语从句
    对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略
    His mther,whm he lved deeply,died ten years ag.
    引导词类别
    常见引导词
    作用
    连接代词
    what, which, wh, whse, whm, whatever, whichever, whever, whmever
    有词义,在从句中担任主语、表语、宾语、或定语等成分
    连接副词
    hw, when, where, why, hwever, whenever, wherever
    有词义,在从句中担任状语成分
    从属连词
    that, whether, if
    除that外均有词义,在从句中不担任成分,只起连接作用
    动词+宾语从句
    I want t knw what he has tld yu.
    介词+wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句
    His father is wrried abut whether he wuld lse his wrk.
    besides/beynd/but/except/that (除了)
    Have yu heard anything beynd that he is ill?
    Criticism and self-criticism is necessary but that it helps us crrect ur mistakes.
    find,feel,think,cnsider,make,believe等+it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句
    I think it necessary that we take plenty f biled water every day.
    hate,enjy,like,lve,dislike,see t等+it+宾语从句
    I hate it when they talk with their muths full f fd.
    形容词+宾语从句
    I’m sure that they can make it.
    常见的能接同位语从句的名词
    belief,fact,hpe,idea,dubt,news,cnclusin,suggestin,prblem,rder,answer,decisin,explanatin,infrmatin,thught,wrd
    引导词
    同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略
    例句
    The news that ur wmen vlleyball team had wn the champinship encuraged us all greatly.
    The questin where we shall have a meeting hasn’t been decided.
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