高中英语2024届高考词汇讲解与练习系列0228（共五组）

这是一份高中英语2024届高考词汇讲解与练习系列0228（共五组），共10页。试卷主要包含了 evaluate，btain，crucial，vital等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01
Upn hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize, she said…
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说……
【句型公式】
upn/n+v.-ing/n.一……就……
【句式点拨】
upn/n+v.-ing/n.表示“一……就……”,相当于as sn as引导的时间状语从句。一些表示短暂性动作的动词,如:arrive, return, leave, reach, hear, see, receive, enter等,其相应的名词或动名词形式均可用在介词n/upn之后表示“一……就……”。
【归纳拓展】
表示 “一……就……”的表达方式
①as sn as, n sner…than…, hardly / scarcely…when…等。
②副词用作连词:immediately, directly,instantly等。
③名词用作连词:the minute,the mment,the instant等。
④at引导的一些介词短语,如: at the sight f(一看到)at the thught f(一想到)at the sund f(一听到)等。
[温馨提示]
当n sner…than…,hardly / scarcely…when…引导时间状语从句时,主句谓语动词应用过去完成时,从句应用一般过去时。当把n sner和hardly / scarcely提到句首时,主句应用部分倒装语序。如:N sner had we sat dwn at the table than the phne rang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下,电话铃就响了。
【活学活用】
[单句填空]
① hearing that the new nvel was published, he rushed at nce t the bkshp fr a cpy.
②On their (arrive)in England, the children were taken t the Crystal Palace by train.
③We were filled with excitement the thught f visiting Disneyland.
④ Hardly had we left the drmitry the next mrning we realized we had frgtten ur map in the rm.
[句式改写]
⑤As sn as he returned frm abrad, he started his research wrk at nce.
→ , he started his research wrk at nce.(用n/upn+n.改写)
→He started his research wrk at nce .(用the mment改写)
→He started his research wrk at nce .(用immediately改写)
→Hardly he started his research wrk at nce.(用hardly…when…改写)
→N sner he started his research wrk at nce.(用n sner…than…改写)
02
It is indeed an hnur fr China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine t be spread arund the wrld.中国的科研和中医药走向世界,确实是一种荣誉。
【句型公式】
It is an hnur fr sb t d sth.对某人来说做某事是一种荣誉。
【句式点拨】
当句子的主语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时,为了保持句子平衡,常使用it作形式主语,将真正的主语(从句)放在句子的后面。
【归纳拓展】
it用作形式主语的常见句式
①It is/was+形容词+that+从句.It’s natural/likely/strange that…显然/很可能/奇怪的是……
②It is/was+名词+fr sb t d sth或that+从句或v.-ing.It’s a pity/shame/an hnur…fr sb t d sth.对某人而言,做某事是遗憾的/可耻的/荣幸的……It’s a pity/shame/an hnur…that sb des sth.对某人而言,做某事是遗憾的/可耻的/荣幸的……It is n use/n gd/nt much fun…+ding sth.做某事无用/无益/无趣。
③It+不及物动词+that+从句.It seems/happens/turns ut that…似乎/碰巧/结果……
④It is/was+过去分词+that+从句.It’s said/well knwn/reprted that…据说/众所周知/据报道……
【活学活用】
[单句填空]
①It is necessary (find)a new hme fr peple in space, as the resurces n Earth will run ut.
②Nw that ur prpsal has failed, it’s bvius we didn’t try ur best t d it.
③It is n gd (invite)peple t a meeting when they haven’t gt time t cnsider the issues in advance.
[完成句子]
④ f Beijing university because yu are an imprtant part f China’s future. 我在这里向北大的同学们发表演讲,之所以感到十分地荣幸,是因为你们是未来中国的重要部分。⑤It is nt unusual that teenagers f yur generatin are attracted t cmputer games and the nline wrld.
→ t cmputer games and the nline wrld.(用不定式改写)
二、acknwledge, insist
01
acknwledge
acknwledge vt.(t admit r accept that smething is true r that a situatin exists)承认,公认,公开感谢
(1)acknwledge (ding)sth承认(做了)某事acknwledge sth / sb t be / as…承认某事/某人是……It is universally / generally acknwledged that………是大家公认的。
(2)acknwledgement n.承认;感谢
【佳句背诵】
(1)He is widely acknwledged as/t be the best player in the wrld.普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。
(2)It is universally acknwledged that vcabulary is crucial t English learning.普遍认为词汇对英语学习至关重要。
【活学活用】
[单句填空]
①There is nw almst universal (acknwledge)that the prgramme has failed.
②With n slid evidence, he refused t acknwledge (steal)the lady’s purse.
③Generally (acknwledge)t be the finest pet in the land, he still lives a lw-prfile life.
[完成句子]
④What I really admire is the way gd health nt nly makes us mre beautiful, but happier, t! 我真正钦佩她的一点是,她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽,而且更快乐!⑤As is acknwledged, we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less plluted wrld.
→ we can never expect a bluer sky unless we create a less plluted wrld.(用it形式主语改写)
02
insist
insist vi.& vt.(t say firmly r demand frcefully, especially when thers disagree with r ppse what yu say)坚持;坚决要求
(1)insist n ding sth 坚持做某事
(2)insist (that)… 坚决要求;坚决主张[从句用虚拟语气,即“(shuld)+动词原形”的形式]insist (that)… 坚持说;坚持认为(从句用陈述语气)
【佳句背诵】
Tu Yuyu and her team members even insisted n testing the medicine n themselves t make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持要求以身试药,以确保药物的安全性。
【活学活用】
[单句填空]
①Jenny insisted that the dctr wh perated n her husband (take)full respnsibility fr this medical accident.
②The lady insisted that she (d)nthing wrng and that she (treat)prperly.
[完成句子]
③Yu shuld respect the views f thers, and at the same time .你应该尊重别人的观点, 同时坚持你认为的是正确的。
④The teacher ur handing in all the cmpsitins n Mnday.
→The teacher all the cmpsitins n Mnday.(用从句改写)老师坚决要求我们在星期一将所有的作文交上去。
三、 evaluate，btain
01
crucial
evaluate vt.(t frm an pinin f the amunt, value r quality f sth after thinking abut it carefully)评价;评估
(1)evaluate ne’s ability 评估某人的能力evaluate ne’s wrk 评估某人的工作
(2)evaluatin n.评估make an evaluatin f…对……进行评估
(3)evaluated adj.评价的, 估价的
【佳句背诵】
Her team examined ver 2,000 ld medical texts, and evaluated 280,000 plants fr their medical prperties.她的团队查阅了2000多本古老的医药文献,并对280 000种植物的药用价值进行了评估。
【活学活用】
[单句填空]
①The way the guests were treated in the htel influenced their (evaluate)f the service.
②It is widely acknwledged that students shuld (evaluate)in terms f verall quality.
③Besides, the (evaluate)result will be submitted t schl leaders wh will judge whether the teacher is qualified r nt.
[完成句子]
④Last Mnday, three prfessrs were asked the teaching plans devised by the new teachers. 上周一,三位教授被请来对新教师设计的教学计划做出评估。
02
vital
btain vt.(t get sth, especially by making an effrt)(尤指经努力)获得;赢得 vi.(t exist)(规章、习俗等)存在;流行
(1)btain…frm… 从……获取……btain advice/infrmatin/permissin得到忠告/信息/许可(2)btainable adj.可获得的,可得到的
【佳句背诵】
(1)They then tried biling fresh wrmwd, and using the liquid btained frm this t treat malaria, but this did nt wrk either.然后他们尝试煮新鲜的青蒿, 用从中取得的液体来治疗疟疾, 但这也没有效果。(2)Scientists have btained mre evidence that plastic is finding its way int the human bdy.科学家们已经获得了更多表明塑料正在进入人体的证据。
【活学活用】
[单句填空]
①Nwadays, energy can (btain)thrugh varius surces such as il, cal, natural gas, slar heat, the wind and cean tides.
②Accrding t sme theries (btain)frm psychanalysis(精神分析), life is suppsedly easier and mre pleasant when anxiety is vercme.
[完成句子]
③Once yu , yu can then use it t determine hw best t cmmunicate with them.一旦你获得这个信息,你就可以利用它决定如何最好地与他们沟通。
④He had n chice but t watch it n TV at hme because he .由于没有获得比赛的门票,他别无选择,只能在家里通过电视观看比赛。
四、cmmitted，bjective
01
cmmitted
cmmitted adj.(willing t wrk very hard at smething)尽心尽力的,坚定的
(1)cmmit v.自杀; 做出(错或非法的事); 犯(罪或错等); 承诺,保证cmmit a crime/murder犯罪/犯谋杀罪cmmit suicide 自杀cmmit an errr 犯错误
(2)cmmit neself t sth/ding sth/d sth…=be cmmitted t sth/ding/d…承诺/致力于(做)某事
(3)cmmitment n.奉献;承诺,保证make a cmmitment t d sth承诺做某事
【佳句背诵】
(1)Tu Yuyu, a cmmitted and patient scientist, was brn in Ningb, China.
屠呦呦出生于中国宁波,她是一位坚定而有耐心的科学家。(2)Bth sides are cmmitted t pushing frward this vitally imprtant relatinship between ur tw cuntries.双方都承诺致力于推进我们两国间这一至关重要的关系。
【活学活用】
[单句填空]
①In additin t her research, she has been whle-heartedly (cmmit)t envirnmental prtectin.
②The cmpany’s (cmmit)t prviding quality at a reasnable price has been vital t its success.
③Eric the Red was frced t leave Iceland because he (cmmit)a murder, fr which he gt int truble.
[完成句子]
④Pearl S. bringing Chinese culture t the Western wrld, has been hnured as “the human bridge that cnnects the Chinese and Western cultures”.赛珍珠一生致力于将中国文化传播到西方,因此被誉为“沟通中西方文化的人桥”。⑤ the green ecnmy, as is reprted, is the driving frce behind the success f the village. 正如报道所说,致力于发展绿色经济是该村成功背后的推动力。
02
bjective
bjective n.(smething that yu plan t d r achieve)目的,目标 adj.客观的;宾格的
(1)with the bjective f…带着……的目标achieve/meet an bjective达到目标set an bjective 制定目标(2)bject t sth/sb反对……bject t (sb)ding sth不同意(某人)做某事(3)bjectin n.反对;异议raise/have an bjectin t (ding)sth对……提出异议/对……表示反对
[温馨提示]
with the intentin / aim / purpse f; be aimed at目的是
【佳句背诵】
In 1967, the Chinese gvernment frmed a team f scientists with the bjective f discvering a new treatment fr malaria, and Tu Yuyu was amng the first researchers chsen.1967年,中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍,屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。
【活学活用】
[单句填空]
①The main (bject)f this prject is t imprve peple’s knwledge f malaria.
②As lng as yu can guarantee safety and lw cst, we dn’t have the slightest (bject).
③The jurnalist had many pictures f the wman secretly taken even thugh she bjected t (phtgraph).
[完成句子]
④Many parents n the accunt that they dn’t want t separate with their children. 许多父母反对将孩子送去国外留学,原因是他们不想和孩子分开。⑤The firm was frmed in 1996, aimed at prviding best service t each custmer.
→The firm was frmed in 1996, prviding best service t each custmer.(同义句改写)
五、crucial，vital
01
crucial
crucial adj.(extremely imprtant, because it will affect ther things)
至关重要的,关键性的
(1)be crucial t/fr… 对……是至关重要的play a crucial rle/part in sth在某方面起关键作用be f crucial imprtance非常重要
(2)It is crucial that… ……是至关重要的。(从句用虚拟语气,shuld可以省略)
(3)crucially adv. 至关重要地
【佳句背诵】
Her research led t the discvery f artemisinin, a crucial new treatment fr malaria.
她的研究使青蒿素这种至关重要的抗疟疾的新疗法得以发现。
【活学活用】
[单句填空]
①Talent, hard wrk and strength f will are bth crucial career success.
②It is crucial that sme necessary measures (take)befre it’s t late.
③In the backgrund f glbal ecnmic develpment, resurces are (crucial)imprtant fr natinal and reginal develpment.
[完成句子]
④It is advisable fr peple t take regular exercise fr peple’s physical and mental health.定期运动是明智的,因为它对于人的身心健康而言非常重要。⑤The fundamental aim f envirnmental prtectin is t imprve the natural envirnment, . 环境保护的根本目的是改善自然环境,这对我们的生存至关重要。
02
vital
vital adj.(extremely imprtant and necessary fr smething t succeed r exist)极其重要的,必不可少的
(1)be vital t/fr… 对……是至关重要的
(2)It is vital that………是十分重要的。(从句用虚拟语气,shuld可以省略)
(3)vitally adv.极其,绝对be vitally imprtant t/fr对……是至关重要的
【佳句背诵】
Artemisinin has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria, and is thught t save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alne.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键成分,有人认为青蒿素仅在非洲一年就能挽救十万人的生命。
【活学活用】
[单句填空]
①There is n dubt that the educatin f the yuth is vital the future f a cuntry.
②The gvernment had decided n a change in their plicy which (vital)affected the future f the cuntry.
③It is vital that enugh mney (cllect)t fund the prject.
[完成句子]
④ fr human beings t take immediate actin t prtect wild animals.
→ t prtect wild animals.(用从句改写)
对人类来说,立刻采取措施保护野生动物至关重要。
附：参考答案
一、
01
① On/Upn
② arrival
③ at
④ when
⑤ On/Upn his return frm abrad
the mment he returned frm abrad
immediately he returned frm abrad
had he returned frm abrad when
had he returned frm abrad than
02
① t find
② that
③ inviting
④ It is a great hnur fr me t address the students
⑤ It is nt unusual fr teenagers f yur generatin t be attracted
二、
01
① acknwledgement
② stealing/having stlen
③ acknwledged
④ she has acknwledged that
⑤ It is acknwledged that
02
① (shuld) take
② had dne; (shuld) be treated
③ insist n what yu think is right
④ insisted n;
insisted that we (shuld) hand in
三、
01
① evaluatin
② be evaluated
③ evaluated
④ t make an evaluatin f/t evaluate
02
① be btained
② btained
③ have btained this infrmatin
④ hadn’t btained a ticket fr the match
四、
01
① cmmitted
② cmmitment
③ had cmmitted
④ wh cmmitted/devted herself t
/wh was cmmitted/devted t
⑤ Being cmmitted t develping
02
① bjective
② bjectin
③ being phtgraphed
④ bject t sending their children t study abrad
⑤ with the bjective/purpse f
五、
01
① t/fr
② (shuld) be taken
③ crucially
④ it is crucial t/fr/it is f crucial imprtance t
⑤ which is crucial t/fr ur survival
02
① t/fr
② vitally
③ (shuld) be cllected
④ It is vital/vitally imprtant
It is vital/vitally imprtant that human beings (shuld) take immediate actin