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最新名校精选议论文
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1.（2023·广东·高三金山中学校联考期中）
In department stres and clsets all ver the wrld, they are waiting. Their utward appearance seems rather appealing because they cme in a variety f styles, patterns, materials, and clrs. But they are eventually the biggest deceptin (欺骗) that exists in the fashin industry tday. What are they? They are high heels ― a wman’s wrst enemy (whether she knws it r nt). High heel shes are the dwnfall f mdern sciety. Fashin myths have led wmen t believe that they are mre beautiful r stylish fr wearing heels, but in reality, heels succeed in creating shrt as well as lng term trubles. Wmen shuld fight the high heel industry by refusing t use r purchase them in rder t save the wrld frm unnecessary physical and psychlgical suffering.
Fr the sake f fairness, it must be nted that there is a psitive side t high heels. First, heels are excellent fr aerating lawns (草坪通气). Anyne wh has ever wrn heels n grass knws what I am talking abut. A simple trip arund the yard in a pair f thse babies gets rid f all the need t call fr a lawn care specialist, and prvides the perfect-sized hles t give any lawn xygen withut all thse messy blcks f dirt lying arund. Secnd, heels are quite functinal fr defending against ptential enemies, wh can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair f these sharp, deadly fashin items.
Regardless f such practical uses fr heels, the fact remains that wearing high heels is harmful t ne’s physical health. Talk t any pdiatrist (足病医生), and yu will hear that the majrity f their business cmes frm high-heel-wearing wmen. High heels are knwn t cause prblems such as defrmed feet and trn tenails. The risk f severe back prblems and twisted r brken ankles is three times higher fr a high heel wearer than fr a flat she wearer. Wearing heels als creates the threat f getting a heel caught in a narrw sidewalk gap and being thrwn t the grund ― pssibly breaking a nse, back, r neck. And f curse, after wearing heels fr a day, any wman knws she can lk frward t a night f pain as she tries t cmfrt her aching feet.
1．Wmen dn’t take the disadvantages f high heels t seriusly because f _______.
A．their attempt t shw ff their status
B．the rich variety f high heel styles
C．their wish t imprve their appearance
D．the multi-functinal use f high heels
2．What’s the authr’s tne in presenting the psitive sides f high heel shes?
A．irnicB．favrableC．sympatheticD．bjective
3．The writer uses “thse babies” (Paragraph 2) t refer t high heels _______.
A．t shw their fragile characteristic
B．t shw wmen’s affectin fr them
C．t emphasize their small size
D．t indicate their trendy appearance
4．It can be inferred frm the passage that wmen shuld _______.
A．refuse t buy the prducts f the fashin industry
B．g t a pdiatrist regularly fr advice
C．avid fllwing fashin t clsely
D．see thrugh the very nature f fashin myths
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了高跟鞋为什么受到女性的欢迎，并分析了高跟鞋的好处和害处，总结出高跟鞋是女性最大的敌人，因为它对女性的健康有很大的伤害。
1．细节推理题。根据第一段“Fashin myths lave led wmen t believe that they are mre beautiful r stylish fr wearing heels (错误的时尚信仰让女性相信穿上高跟鞋她们更美更有型。)”可知，她们不重视高跟鞋的缺点是由于她们想提升自己的外表。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Fr the sake f fairness, it must be nted that there is a psitive side t high heels. First, heels are excellent fr aerating lawns (草坪通气). Anyne wh has ever wrn heels n grass knws what I am talking abut. A simple trip arund the yard in a pair f thse babies gets rid f all the need t call fr a lawn care specialist, and prvides the perfect-sized hles t give any lawn xygen withut all thse messy blcks f dirt lying arund. Secnd, heels are quite functinal fr defending against ptential enemies, wh can easily be scared away by threatening them with a pair f these sharp, deadly fashin items.(为了公平起见，必须指出高跟鞋也有积极的一面。首先，高跟鞋可以很好地给草坪通风。任何在草地上穿高跟鞋的人都知道我在说什么。在院子里简单地转一圈，就不用再找草坪护理专家了，而且还提供了完美大小的洞，给草坪提供氧气，而不会有那些乱七八糟的脏块躺在周围。其次，高跟鞋在抵御潜在敌人方面很有功能，用一双锋利而致命的时尚鞋来威胁敌人，他们很容易就会被吓跑。)”可知，作者提出了高跟鞋的两个优点：给草坪通气和作为武器保护自己。作者是在用一种嘲讽的语气在调侃。故选A。
3．词句猜测题。第二段中“A simple trip arund the yard in a pair f thse babies gets rid f all the need t call fr a lawn care specialist(穿着高跟鞋在院子走一圈，就不需要找草 坪养护专家了。) ”作者用调侃的语气指出了，鞋跟非常细，会陷进草坪中，很不方便，但是女性仍然青睐高跟鞋。由于女性对高跟鞋的青睐，作者用thse babies这种调侃的称呼来指代高跟鞋，因为高跟鞋穿着难受。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“But they are eventually the biggest deceptin (欺骗) that exists in the fashin industry tday. What are they? They are high heels ― a wman’s wrst enemy (whether she knws it r nt). (但它们最终是当今时尚界存在的最大骗局。它们是什么?那就是高跟鞋——女人最大的敌人(不管她是否知道)。)”可知，文章从开始告诉读者错误的时尚信仰欺骗女性穿高跟鞋，尽管它很不舒适并影响健康，但女性乐此不疲。作者想建议女性摆脱这些错误的时尚信仰。故选D。
2.（2023·浙江嘉兴·统考一模）
It was a quiet mrning in the library, and we librarians were enjying a rather lud chat. Suddenly, a patrn (常客) marched up t us, gave us an annyed “Shush!” and went back t her seat. Hw strange fr a grup f librarians t be shushed by a patrn! Shuldn’t it be the ther way arund?
Well, it’s cmplicated. If yu’re like me, a middle-aged wman, yu prbably remember libraries as places f silent reading. These days, hwever, libraries are mre like active cmmunity centers.
In the past, mst libraries didn’t fcus much n prgrams fr kids whse age made it impssible fr them t be quiet n demand. But grwing knwledge abut the imprtance f kids and teens learning thrugh hands-n experiences has since caused a sea change in hw libraries cnnect with yung readers. Nw libraries begin ffering interactive prgrams fr kids, including crafts, bard games, and stry times. These types f prgrams certainly aren’t designed t be silent.
Alng with mre prgrams fr ever-yunger children, technlgy tday has played a part in the transfrmatin f libraries int places where bth kids and adults can use cmputers, make smething n a 3D printer and mre. In additin, many libraries nw ffer prgrams fr adults, wh can participate in in bk discussin, learn calligraphy, and even take cllege classes.
Of curse, libraries still need peaceful phnes. These days, many libraries have glassed-ff study rms r quiet areas. They are als less nisy in the early afternns, after mrning children’s prgrams and befre the after-schl kid crwd arrive.
It’s clear t me nw that n the day my clleagues and I were shushed by a patrn, we shuld have been using ur “library vices” as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return t the days when they were places f silence. There’s just t much fun and learning happening.
5．Hw did the authr respnd t the patrn’s behavir?
A．She apprved f it.B．She was disappinted at it.
C．She hesitated abut it.D．She was astnished at it.
6．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The past and the present f libraries.B．The reasn fr the change f libraries.
C．The activities fr yung children in libraries.D．The cnnectin between libraries and readers.
7．What can we learn abut tday’s libraries?
A．They heavily depend n technlgy.B．They ffer nline prgrams fr adults.
C．They still prvide silent reading places.D．They care much abut time arrangement.
8．What wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Libraries Shuld be LudB．Reading Can be Fun in Libraries
C．Libraries Make Learning HappenD．Library Prgrams Target Children
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章就现在图书馆提出自己观点——图书馆应是一个热闹的地方。
5．细节理解题。由文章第一段“It was a quiet mrning in the library, and we librarians were enjying a rather lud chat. Suddenly, a patrn (常客) marched up t us, gave us an annyed ‘Shush!’ and went back t her seat. Hw strange fr a grup f librarians t be shushed by a patrn! Shuldn’t it be the ther way arund? (那是图书馆里一个安静的早晨，我们图书管理员正在享受着一段相当大声的聊天。突然，一位常客走到我们面前，生气地对我们说了一声‘嘘！’，然后回到她的座位上。一群图书管理员被一位常客嘘了，这真奇怪！不是应该反过来吗？)”可知，作者对常客的行为感觉很吃惊。故选D项。
6．主旨大意题。由文章第三段“In the past, mst libraries didn’t fcus much n prgrams fr kids whse age made it impssible fr them t be quiet n demand. But grwing knwledge abut the imprtance f kids and teens learning thrugh hands-n experiences has since caused a sea change in hw libraries cnnect with yung readers. Nw libraries begin ffering interactive prgrams fr kids, including crafts, bard games, and stry times. These types f prgrams certainly aren’t designed t be silent. (在过去，大多数图书馆都不太关注为孩子们提供的项目，因为孩子们的年龄使他们无法按需保持安静。但是，人们越来越了解儿童和青少年通过亲身体验学习的重要性，这导致图书馆与年轻读者的联系发生了翻天覆地的变化。现在，图书馆开始为孩子们提供互动节目，包括手工艺品、棋盘游戏和故事时间。这些类型的程序当然不是为了静音而设计的。)”可知，本段主要讲图书馆改变的原因。故选B项。
7．细节理解题。由文章第五段“These days, many libraries have glassed-ff study rms r quiet areas. They are als less nisy in the early afternns, after mrning children’s prgrams and befre the after-schl kid crwd arrive. (如今，许多图书馆都用玻璃隔开了自习室或安静的区域。他们在下午早些时候、上午的儿童节目之后和放学后的孩子们到来之前也不那么吵了。)”可知，今天的图书馆仍然提供安静的阅读场所。故选C项。
8．主旨大意题。由文章最后一段“It’s clear t me nw that n the day my clleagues and I were shushed by a patrn, we shuld have been using ur ‘library vices’ as we talked. Still, it’s unlikely that libraries will ever return t the days when they were places f silence. There’s just t much fun and learning happening. (现在我很清楚，在我和同事们被一位常客嘘的那天，我们应该在交谈时使用我们的‘图书馆声音’。尽管如此，图书馆不太可能再回到沉寂的时代。有太多的乐趣和学习正在发生。)”以及上文可知，本文主要讲图书馆不应该一如既往是一个安静的地方，而应该变得热闹起来。故选A项。
3.（2023·四川南充·四川省南充高级中学校考一模）
D yu remember all thse years when scientists argued that smking wuld kill us but the dubters insisted that we didn’t knw fr sure? That the evidence was nt enugh, the science uncertain? They even thught that the anti-smking grup was ut t destry ur way f life and the gvernment shuld stay ut f the way. Lts f Americans believed that nnsense, and ver three decades, sme 10 millin smkers went t early graves.
There are upsetting similarities tday, as scientists try t awaken us t the grwing threat f glbal warming. The latest was an expert grup frm the Natinal Academy f Sciences, telling us that the Earth’s atmsphere is definitely warming and that the prblem is largely man-made. The president f the Natinal Academy, Bruce Alberts, added that “Science never has all the answers. But science des prvide us with the best available guide t the future, and it is critical that ur natin and the wrld base imprtant plicies n the best judgments that science can prvide cncerning the future cnsequences f present actins.”
Just as n smking, vices nw cme frm many quarters insisting that the science abut glbal warming is incmplete, that it’s OK t keep puring smke int the air until we knw fr sure. This is a dangerus game: by the time 100 percent f the evidence is in, it may be t late. With the risks bvius and grwing, a careful peple wuld take ut an insurance plicy nw.
Frtunately, the gvernment is starting t pay attentin. But it’s bvius that a majrity f the president’s advisers still dn’t take glbal warming seriusly. Instead f a plan f actin, they cntinue t ask fr mre research — a classic case f “paralysis by analysis”.
T serve as respnsible keepers f the planet, we must press frward n deeper atmspheric and ceanic research. But research alne is inadequate. The legislative(立法的) actin shuld be taken t prtect the planet, and t prtect urselves.
9．What statement did lts f Americans agree with?
A．Smking was clsely cnnected with death.
B．Peple had the freedm t chse their wn way f life.
C．The number f early deaths f smkers was small.
D．Anti-smking peple were usually talking nnsense.
10．Accrding t Bruce Alberts, what can science serve as?
A．A guide.B．A judge.C．A critic.D．A prtectr.
11．What des the underlined phrase “paralysis by analysis” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Endless studies kill actin.B．Careful investigatin reveals truth.
C．Adequate planning ensures success.D．Extensive research helps decisin-making.
12．Why des the authr assciate the issue f glbal warming with that f smking?
A．Bth f them are ignred by the gvernment.
B．A lessn frm the latter can be applied t the frmer.
C．The utcme f the latter wrsens the frmer.
D．Bth f them have turned frm bad t wrse.
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．A 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了全球变暖问题与吸烟问题在科学面前有相似之处，都很难引起人们的重视，并呼吁进行研究和立法来保护我们的地球。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They even thught that the anti-smking grup was ut t destry ur way f life and the gvernment shuld stay ut f the way.(他们甚至认为反吸烟组织是要破坏我们的生活方式，政府应该置身事外。)”可知，吸烟的支持者认为反吸烟组织在破坏他们的生活方式，希望政府不要管，由此可推测出，他们同意人们有选择自己生活方式的自由。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段中Bruce Alberts的话“science des prvide us with the best available guide t the future”可知，他认为科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，由此可推测出，科学可充当指引。故选A。
11．短语猜测题。根据第四段中的“Instead f a plan f actin, they cntinue t ask fr mre research”可知，总统的顾问没有指定行动计划，而是继续要求更多的研究，“a classic case f ‘paralysis by analysis’”在这里是对前面的总结。由此可推测出，paralysis by analysis意为“分析瘫痪”，在这里可理解为无休无止的研究最终会阻止采取行动。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There are upsetting similarities tday, as scientists try t awaken us t the grwing threat f glbal warming.(今天，当科学家们试图唤醒我们意识到全球变暖日益严重的威胁时，有着令人不安的相似之处。)”、第三段“Just as n smking, vices nw cme frm many quarters insisting that the science abut glbal warming is incmplete, that it’s OK t keep puring smke int the air until we knw fr sure. This is a dangerus game: by the time 100 percent f the evidence is in, it may be t late. With the risks bvius and grwing, a careful peple wuld take ut an insurance plicy nw.(就像关于吸烟一样，现在来自许多方面的声音坚持认为，关于全球变暖的科学是不完整的，在我们确定之前，继续向空气中倾倒烟雾是可以的。这是一场危险的游戏：当100%的证据都出来时，可能为时已晚。随着风险的明显和增长，谨慎的人现在会购买保险。)”和最后一段“T serve as respnsible keepers f the planet, we must press frward n deeper atmspheric and ceanic research. But research alne is inadequate. The legislative(立法的) actin shuld be taken t prtect the planet, and t prtect urselves.(为了成为地球负责任的守护者，我们必须推进更深层次的大气和海洋研究。但仅凭研究是不够的。应该采取立法行动来保护地球，保护我们自己。)”可知，作者认为，全球变暖问题和吸烟问题有相似之处，科学家很难使人们接受这两个问题的严重性，而结合吸烟问题的后果可知，直到有充分的证据后才保护环境，这可能为时已晚，最后作者呼吁进行研究和立法来保护地球。由此可推测出，作者将两个问题联系起来是因为我们从吸烟问题上得到的教训可以应用在全球变暖问题上。故选B。
4.（2023·山东临沂·高三统考期中）
Uncertainty pps up frequently in cnversatins. The pandemic, and the grwing climate disasters heighten ur awareness f ur inability t cntrl many current challenges. N wnder we’re invaded by anxiety and islatin. We knw there are stress-reductin techniques like yga and exercise. Anther much-verlked ne that restres sense f well-being is petry.
Petry recnnects us with the beauty f the wrld, while als naming its difficulties. Rather than dismissing hardships, petry reminds us that thers have als lst a lved ne, experienced disappintments—have suffered as we nw suffer. Petry allws us t identify ur persnal cnfusins, breaks ur feeling f islatin, and cnfirms ur sense f belnging. Petry leads us tward wisdm and acceptance.
Science agrees. The Arts & Mind Lab at Jhns Hpkins University ffers cnvincing evidence that petry is gd fr ur health. A study frm 2013 in Philippines shwed that guided petry writing sessins significantly lessened depressin in a grup f abused adlescents. Written eight hundred years ag, the pem “The Guest Huse” invites us t view life’s experiences and the feelings that arise frm them as temprary visitrs in the “guest huse” f self. With patience and cmpassin, the authr Jalal al-Din Rumi advises us t recgnize that even negative mds are precius teachers fr ur grwth.
Think f petry as an entrance t a timeless place where we find cmfrt, cmpaninship, cnnectin, wisdm, and healing. Petry names the discnnects as well, where we have gne blind t threats and persnal srrws that threaten t verwhelm us. With its precisin f language, and its naming f experience, petry, in a small space, usually ne page, packs a wallp. Entering a pem, readers can sense painful experiences are re-framed and can be given a new understanding by a pem. That’s because petry reflects a rich mix f the sweetness and bitterness in life. It refreshes ur minds and ffers invented landscapes f imagery. Fr yur wn peace f mind, I encurage yu t take up a friendship with petry.
13．What des the first paragraph mainly fcus n?
A．The much-ignred healing pwer f petry.B．The inability t vercme difficulties in life.
C．The pressure reduced by yga and exercise.D．The urgent situatin f peple’s mental state.
14．What is the functin f petry accrding t paragraph 2?
A．Petry dismisses hardships.
B．Petry prmtes pepled intelligence.
C．Petry verlks sufferings f the wrld.
D．Petry enables us t cnnect emtinally with thers.
15．What des Rumi suggest readers d in The Guest Huse?
A．Embrace dwnsides with ptimistic attitudes.B．Take the initiative t experience hardships.
C．Take yuth int cnsideratin seriusly.D．View urselves as temprary guests.
16．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Pems frce readers t feel sweet r bitter.
B．Pems turn a blind eye t threats and srrws.
C．Pems pssess verwhelming pwer despite limited lines.
D．Pems reshape painful experiences and restrict ur minds.
【答案】13．A 14．D 15．A 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了诗歌有治愈的力量，可以让我们找到安慰、陪伴、联系、智慧和治愈。
13．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Uncertainty pps up frequently in cnversatins. The pandemic, and the grwing climate disasters heighten ur awareness f ur inability t cntrl many current challenges. N wnder we’re invaded by anxiety and islatin. We knw there are stress-reductin techniques like yga and exercise. Anther much-verlked ne that restres sense f well-being is petry.(谈话中经常出现不确定性。新冠疫情和日益严重的气候灾害提高了我们对无法控制当前许多挑战的认识。难怪我们被焦虑和孤独侵扰。我们知道有一些减压技巧，比如瑜伽和锻炼。另一个被忽视的恢复幸福感的方法是诗歌。)”可知，本段主要讲述了我们现在面临着焦虑和孤独，我们知道用瑜伽、锻炼能减压技巧，但诗歌也能帮助我们恢复幸福感，只是这种方法总是被我们忽视，本段最后一句点出重点，由此可推测出，第一段主要关注的是诗歌被严重忽视的治愈力量。故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Rather than dismissing hardships, petry reminds us that thers have als lst a lved ne, experienced disappintments—have suffered as we nw suffer.(诗歌并没有忽视苦难，而是提醒我们，其他人也失去了亲人，经历了失望——就像我们现在一样痛苦。)”可知，诗歌让我们知道世界上也有其他人经历着自己正在经历的痛苦，由此可推测出，诗歌让我们在情感上与其他人联系起来。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“With patience and cmpassin, the authr Jalal al-Din Rumi advises us t recgnize that even negative mds are precius teachers fr ur grwth.(作者Jalal al-Din Rumi以耐心和同情心建议我们认识到，即使是负面情绪也是我们成长的宝贵老师。)”可知，作者建议我们认识到负面情绪也是我们成长的宝贵老师，由此可推测出，我们要用乐观的态度拥抱负面的事物。故选A。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“With its precisin f language, and its naming f experience, petry, in a small space, usually ne page, packs a wallp.(凭借精确的语言和对经验的命名，诗歌在一个小小的空间里，通常是一页纸，充满了冲击力。)”可推测出，尽管诗歌的诗行有限，但却充满巨大的力量。故选C。
5.（2023·江苏淮安·高三校联考期中）
Califrnia is speeding up the launch f its rbtaxi. Cars withut drivers are already becming a cmmn sight n San Francisc’s winding and fggy streets with a lt f hills. But they’ve been limited in their areas and time f peratin, and in sme cases have had human safety mnitrs n bard. Last week, Califrnia fficials vted t remve mst restrictins fr the tw leading self-driving car cmpanies, Waym and Cruise, letting them charge fr rides anywhere in the city 24/7. It’s a critical mment fr the industry, which has grwn t mre than 40 cmpanies reaching millins f miles n public rads every year.
If this is the future, it’s still a tugh nut in prgress. One San Francisc driverless vehicle rlled int an active fire scene and prevented firefighters frm carrying ut their wrk. Others have stpped dead in the middle f traffic. There were 93 reprted traffic incidents invlving rbtaxis in March alne. Califrnia regulatrs shuldn’t be giving rbtaxis a free pass. Driverless cars culd make a difference t the city streets the way gas-pwered autmbiles did a century ag. The bjectin t driverless cars has been similar, t. In San Francisc, ne activist grup has begun cning self-driving taxis—placing a simple range cne (圆锥体) n the metal cver f the engine, which seems t “paralyze” an autnmus vehicle.
“I wanted t lve rbtaxis,” said Elaine Mre in the Financial Times. “Eliminating human errr wuld undubtedly make rads safer. But then came the time I hailed a Cruise car. A few minutes int the jurney, the car suddenly changed curse, extending the estimated time t arrival fr n reasn. Then the car just stpped. We tried t exit but the drs remained lcked. Althugh it was nly fr a few secnds, it still made me pause befre I hpped in anther rbtaxi anytime sn.”
“These hrrr stries remain the exceptin,” said Benjamin Schneider in the MIT Technlgy Review. “Over the past few years, Cruise and Waym have added up t ver a millin driverless miles withut accidents in majr American cities.” At certain times in San Francisc, he estimated that 1 in 10 cars n the rad has n driver behind the wheel. He was amazed that s few peple are aware f hw quickly this industry is advancing, r have cnsidered the near-term labr and transprtatin impacts. Like it r nt, rbtaxis are here.
17．What des “this” refer t in the secnd paragraph?
A．Restrictins will be cancelled fr the self-driving cars.
B．Francisc’ streets will be upgraded by Califrnia regulatrs.
C．Rbtaxis will be in full wings in Califrnia arund the clck.
D．Millins f miles n public rads will be mnitred every year.
18．Why has ne activist grup begun cning self-driving taxis?
A．T fight against the San Francisc gvernment.
B．T make the rbtaxis unable t functin prperly.
C．T push fr technlgical prgress in driverless cars.
D．T imitate what gas-pwered autmbiles did a century ag.
19．What is Benjamin Schneider’s attitude twards rbtaxis?
A．Favrable.B．Unclear.C．Skeptical.D．Oppsed.
20．What’s the best title f the passage?
A．Rbtaxis: a perfect replacement f gas cars
B．Rbtaxis: an immediate launch f driverless cars
C．Rbtaxis: an advanced technlgy arund the wrld
D．Rbtaxis: a tugh issue f transprtatin in America
【答案】17．C 18．B 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。加利福尼亚正在加快推出自动驾驶出租车，自动驾驶汽车行业正处在关键时期，但不同的人对此有不同的看法，有人表示质疑，有人表示支持。
17．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Califrnia is speeding up the launch f its rbtaxi.(加利福尼亚州正在加快推出其自动驾驶出租车。)”和“Last week, Califrnia fficials vted t remve mst restrictins fr the tw leading self-driving car cmpanies, Waym and Cruise, letting them charge fr rides anywhere in the city 24/7.(上周，加州官员投票决定取消对Waym和Cruise这两家领先的自动驾驶汽车公司的大部分限制，允许他们在城市的任何地方全天候收费。)”可知，加利福尼亚州加快推出自动驾驶出租车，解除了对自动驾驶汽车的大部分限制，由此可推测出，this指代前文内容，在这里表示自动驾驶出租车即将在加利福尼亚州全力前进。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In San Francisc, ne activist grup has begun cning self-driving taxis—placing a simple range cne(圆锥体) n the metal cver f the engine, which seems t ‘paralyze’ an autnmus vehicle.(在旧金山，一个激进组织已经开始用圆锥形路标封闭自动驾驶出租车——在发动机的金属盖上放置一个简单的橙色锥形，这似乎会使自动驾驶汽车‘瘫痪’。)”可知，该激进组织用圆锥形路标封闭自动驾驶出租车是为了不让它正常运转。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, Cruise and Waym have added up t ver a millin driverless miles withut accidents in majr American cities.(在过去的几年里，Cruise和Waym在美国主要城市累计行驶了100多万英里无人驾驶里程，没有发生事故。)”和“He was amazed that s few peple are aware f hw quickly this industry is advancing, r have cnsidered the near-term labr and transprtatin impacts.(令他惊讶的是，很少有人意识到这个行业的发展速度有多快，或者考虑过近期对劳动力和交通的影响。)”可知，Benjamin Schneider说在过去的几年里，Cruise和Waym在美国主要城市累计行驶了100多万英里且没有发生事故，而且这一行业发展迅速，对劳动力和交通也产生了影响。由此可推测出，他对自动驾驶出租车持支持态度。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，第一段首句“Califrnia is speeding up the launch f its rbtaxi.(加利福尼亚州正在加快推出其自动驾驶出租车。)”引出了话题，接着谈论了自动驾驶汽车行业面临的问题和质疑，以及支持者的意见，由此可推测出，B项“自动驾驶出租车：无人驾驶汽车的立即推出”最适合作文章标题，简单陈述了推出自动驾驶出租车的现象，不含评论和意见。故选B。
6.（2023·湖南邵阳·高三校考阶段练习）
Fr years nw, ecnmists have predicted a gradual mve t what is called a “cashless sciety”. Mst payments are already made by putting a plastic card int a machine and entering a PIN cde (个人密码), r by simply waving the card in frnt f the machine. But is a “cashless sciety” smething we shuld lk frward t?
Well, fr ne thing cash is expensive. We ften pay fees when we use cash machines — peple in the UK tgether pay almst £6 millin a mnth in cash-machine fees. Cash als spreads disease. Dr Peter Ender, wh carried ut a study lking at the bacteria n ne-dllar bills, claims that “paper mney is usually full f bacteria and a dllar bill culd, theretically, be the magic carpet it rides n frm ne hst t anther”. And f curse, there’s always a recrd f digital mney, s it makes it harder fr peple t steal it.
Hwever, sme psychlgists argue that waving yur card in frnt f a machine desn’t give us a real sense f paying. Likewise, when we make ne click with ur muse when shpping nline, it’s easy t frget that the credit card bill will arrive at the end f the mnth. Basically, with a credit card we dn’t feel the “pain f paying”. In a cashless sciety, we tend t buy mre than we need t, because it’s easier t spend and the cnsequences f ur spending are mre remte frm us.
And it’s certainly still pssible and even easier t cheat and steal in a cashless sciety. In a psychlgical test, peple were twice as likely nt t frg a dishnest digital payment as a dishnest cash payment. Once again, psychlgists suggest that the sense f being remte frm payment in a cashless sciety increased the likelihd f dishnesty.
While we might laugh at the idea f ur grandparents with mney hidden under the mattress (床垫), maybe the jke is n us. Withut dubt, it’s a wrld where we feel distanced frm the cnsequences f the purchases we make. S perhaps we’re mre efficient in ur cashless sciety, but are we any happier?
21．What can we infer frm Dr Peter Ender’s claim?
A．Cash is full f magic.B．Cash is irreplaceable.
C．Cash is extremely dirty.D．Cash is expensive t prduce.
22．What will happen when peple use credit cards accrding t psychlgists?
A．They will spend mre unwisely.B．They will becme mre dishnest.
C．They will be in pain n the bill’s arrival.D．They will feel distanced frm their real life.
23．What des the underlined wrd “frg” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Make.B．Affrd.C．Ignre.D．Reject.
24．What des the text mainly discuss?
A．What can cash bring t us?B．Is it time t give up n cash?
C．Is it pssible t keep ur cash safe?D．Why d we live in a cashless sciety?
【答案】21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了我们是否应该放弃使用现金而进入无现金社会。
21．推理判断题。由第二段的“paper mney is usually full f bacteria and a dllar bill culd, theretically, be the magic carpet it rides n frm ne hst t anther(纸币通常充满细菌，理论上，一美元纸币可能是它从一个宿主传播到另一个宿主的魔毯)”可知，Dr Peter Ender认为纸币覆满了细菌，容易传播疾病。故从他的声称中可知，现金很脏。故选C项。
22．推理判断题。由第三段的“Basically, with a credit card we dn’t feel the “pain f paying”. In a cashless sciety, we tend t buy mre than we need t, because it’s easier t spend and the cnsequences f ur spending are mre remte frm us.(基本上，使用信用卡我们不会感到“付款的痛苦”。在一个没有现金的社会里，我们往往会购买比我们需要的更多的东西，因为这更容易消费，而且我们消费的后果离我们更遥远。)”可知，心理学家认为使用信用卡时人们感觉不到支付的痛感，因而花钱就会不理智。故选A项。
23．词句猜测题。由划线词前的“And it’s certainly still pssible and even easier t cheat and steal in a cashless sciety. (在一个没有现金的社会里，欺骗和偷窃当然仍然是可能的，甚至更容易。)”可知，无现金社会依然存在甚至更容易产生欺骗和偷窃的行为，因此人们更可能不会拒绝被做了手脚的支付方式。所以推测frg表“拒绝”的意思。故选D项。
24．主旨大意题。文章首段总述我们已经逐步进入到无现金社会，第二至第四段分别分析无现金社会的优点和缺点，而由最后一段作者的质疑“we’re mre efficient in ur cashless sciety, but are we any happier?(在无现金社会中，我们的效率更高，但我们更快乐吗？)”可知，本文旨在探讨我们是否应该放弃使用现金而进入无现金社会。所以B项Is it time t give up n cash?(是时候放弃现金了吗？)符合语境。故选B项。
7.（2023·广东东莞·高三东莞市东莞中学校联考）
I spke t my parents last night and fr a mment I frgt I wasn’t really speaking t them, but t their digital replicas (复制品). They live inside an app as vice assistants cnstructed by the cmpany HereAfter AI.
In fact, my parents are still alive and well; their virtual versins were made t help me understand the technlgy. Grief tech, which lets yu “talk” with the peple yu’ve lved and lst, has been appearing in science fictin. But nw it’s becming a reality. Althugh the thught f it makes sme frightened, it’s nt hard t see the appeal that peple might turn t digital replicas fr cmfrt.
Hwever, there is ne majr limitatin. These replicas may sund like smene yu lve, but they knw nthing abut yu. Anyne can talk t them, and get the same reply in the same tne. “The biggest issue with the technlgy is the idea that yu can generate a single universal persn,” says Justin Harrisn, funder f a technlgical service.
Creating a virtual avatar yu can have mre cnversatin with cntributes t yur feeling cnnected t smene yu lved and lst, says Erin Thmpsn, a clinical psychlgist. But a grieving persn needs t knw that these bts can nly capture a small part f smene rather than replace healthy, functinal human relatinships.
And there are ther risks. Any service that allws yu t create a digital replica f smene withut that persn’s participatin raises cmplex mral issues. While sme might argue that permissin is less imprtant with smene wh is dead, can’t yu als argue that the persn wh generated the ther side f the cnversatin shuld have a say t? And what if that persn is nt, in fact, dead?
If digital replicas becme mainstream, there will inevitably need t be new regulatins arund what we leave behind nline. And we’ll be better ff if we cpe with the pssibility f these replicas’ misuse befre, nt after, they reach mass adptin.
Anyway, I feel lucky t still have the precius pprtunity t spend mre time with my parents, face t face, n technlgy invlved.
25．Which f the fllwing is nt a drawback f digital replicas?
A．They can’t vary their respnse accrdingly.
B．They can’t mirrr every aspect f a persn.
C．They may pse threat t the interests f peple alive.
D．It’s hard t gain permissin frm smene wh is nt alive.
26．What’s the authr’s attitude twards grief tech?
A．Favrable.B．Reasnable.C．Critical.D．Indifferent.
27．Accrding t the last tw paragraphs, what inspiratin did the authr draw frm his experience?
A．Technlgy is advancing faster than imagined.
B．Safety risks can be surely avided by regulatins.
C．Replicas will nt be misused befre widely adpted.
D．Cherish the belved nes when they are still arund.
28．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Reflectins n grief tech.B．Ways t vercme ur grief.
C．Technlgy t change ur life.D．Cntrversy ver digital replicas.
【答案】25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了“悼念科技”（grief tech）这一新兴技术，可以让人与死去的亲人进行对话。虽然这种技术可以在某种程度上带来安慰和联系感，但是也存在很多限制和风险。作者感到庆幸的是，她还有机会和父母面对面地交流，不需要依赖科技。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“These replicas may sund like smene yu lve, but they knw nthing abut yu. Anyne can talk t them, and get the same reply in the same tne. “The biggest issue with the technlgy is the idea that yu can generate a single universal persn,” says Justin Harrisn, funder f a technlgical service.(这些复制品可能听起来像你爱的人，但他们对你一无所知。任何人都可以和他们交谈，并以同样的语气得到同样的答复。一家技术服务公司的创始人贾斯汀•哈里森(Justin Harrisn)表示：“这项技术最大的问题在于，你可以创造出一个通用的人。”)”可知，这些数字复制品听起来像你爱的人，但是对你去一无所知，即它们不能反映一个人的方方面面，该信息与B选项相符；同时任何人都可以和他们交谈，并以同样的语气得到同样的答复，即他们不能相应地改变自己的回应，该信息与A选项是一致的；同时根据第五段“While sme might argue that permissin is less imprtant with smene wh is dead, can’t yu als argue that the persn wh generated the ther side f the cnversatin shuld have a say t? And what if that persn is nt, in fact, dead?(虽然有些人可能会说，对一个已经死了的人来说，允许不那么重要，但你难道不能说，发起另一方对话的人也应该有发言权吗？如果那个人实际上并没有死呢？)”可知，复制一个已经了死了的人，并且得到这个人的允许去复制它这是很难的，该信息与D选项相符。C选项“They may pse threat t the interests f peple alive.(它们可能对活着的人的利益构成威胁。)”文中并未提及。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Creating a virtual avatar yu can have mre cnversatin with cntributes t yur feeling cnnected t smene yu lved and lst, says Erin Thmpsn, a clinical psychlgist. (临床心理学家艾琳·汤普森(Erin Thmpsn)说，创建一个可以与你进行更多对话的虚拟化身，有助于让你感觉与你爱过但失去的人有联系。)”以及第三段中“Hwever, there is ne majr limitatin. (然而，有一个主要的限制。)”以及第五段中“And there are ther risks.(还有其他风险。)”可知，作者并没有对悼念科技本身提出批判或者赞同的态度，而是从不同的角度来讨论了该技术的优缺点和可能存在的问题。因此，作者对悼念科技的态度是合理的，B选项“reasnable(合理的)”与其相符。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“If digital replicas becme mainstream, there will inevitably need t be new regulatins arund what we leave behind nline. (如果数字复制品成为主流，将不可避免地需要对我们在网上留下的东西制定新的规定。)”以及最后一段“Anyway, I feel lucky t still have the precius pprtunity t spend mre time with my parents, face t face, n technlgy invlved.(无论如何，我感到很幸运，我仍然有宝贵的机会和我的父母花更多的时间，面对面，不涉及技术。)”可知，如果数字复制品成为主流，则需要制定和出台大量的新规，因此从作者的角度看，作者是很幸运的因为有很多的宝贵机会和父母面对面的交流，因此面对数字复制品，作者建议当所爱的人还在身边的时候，珍惜他们，把握当下的点点滴滴。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。根据第二段的“Grief tech, which lets yu “talk” with the peple yu’ve lved and lst, has been appearing in science fictin. But nw it’s becming a reality. Althugh the thught f it makes sme frightened, it’s nt hard t see the appeal that peple might turn t digital replicas fr cmfrt.(悼念技术，可以让你与你爱过和失去的人“交谈”，已经出现在科幻小说中。但现在它正在成为现实。尽管这种想法让一些人感到害怕，但不难看出人们可能会转向数字复制品寻求安慰的吸引力。)以及下文的讲述可知，文章讨论了“悼念科技”（grief tech）这一新兴技术，可以让人与死去的亲人进行对话。虽然这种技术可以在某种程度上带来安慰和联系感，但是也存在很多限制和风险，比如这些数字复制品没有个性，不会了解你的情况，而且对于没有同意生成数字复制品的人而言也存在道德问题。如果数字复制品得到大规模的应用，我们需要制定相关规定和管理措施。作者感到庆幸的是，她还有机会和父母面对面地交流，不需要依赖科技。A选项“Reflectins n grief tech.(关于悼念科技的思考。)”概括文章主题，符合主旨。故选A。
8.（2023·黑龙江双鸭山·高三校考）
When given the chice, abut 85% f peple say they wuld nt want t knw abut sme negative event far in the future. Yet recently millins arund the glbe have dwnladed FaceApp, which allws users t see hw they might age in real life.
Many had fun with jking that they lve the FaceApp ld filter. Beneath the humr is a serius subject: Hw d we learn t relate t ur future selves? It’s imprtant that we try t because it culd help strengthen the lng-term decisins that we make. Hwever, we ften fail t make sacrifices fr the grayer versins f urselves.
Mre than half f the respndents in a recent survey f 2,800 Americans said they rarely r never thught abut what their lives might be like 30 years frm nw. This isn’t surprising, since mst f us are firmly rted in the present and thinking abut the distant future can seem like a distant pririty (优先). My nging research might als ffer an explanatin: We tend t think abut ur future selves as if they are smene different frm wh we are tday. In an effrt t narrw these empathy (共情) gaps, my research wrkmates and I have tried t humanize peple’s future selves in the same way thers have tried t humanize charity receivers. Given that a phtgraph f ne hungry child can spark emtinal reactins, and cause viewers t dnate, we have presented participants with vivid images f their distant selves.
That seems helpful. In a recently cmpleted prject in Mexic, we fund that expsure t future self-images led mre peple t cntribute t their pensins. Despite this research, I’m skeptical that the app users will suddenly increase their pensin cntributins and care abut their health. The silly app isn’t paired with an immediate pprtunity t change any f these things.
The lessn frm FaceApp shuldn’t be that we need t marry hi-tech visuals with savings fr retirement. The lessn, then, lakes the frm f a questin: What mre can be dne t urge us t think abut, care fr wh we will ne day becme?
29．What can we learn abut FaceApp?
A．It prvides future self-images.B．It is the mst dwnladed app.
C．It helps peple make decisins.D．It makes peple age in real life.
30．Why d mst respndents rarely think f their future life?
A．They have knwn future life frm FaceApp.
B．They fail t make sacrifices fr their future.
C．They attach greater imprtance t the present.
D．They cnsider future selves the same as tday’s.
31．What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．Cmpleting a prject in Mexic.B．Offering aging images f participants.
C．Raising cntributins amng viewers.D．Giving a phtgraph f a hungry child.
32．What’s the authr’s attitude t FaceApp?
A．Psitive.B．Dubtful.C．Ambiguus.D．Unfavrable.
【答案】29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了最近全球有数百万人下载了FaceApp，用户可以看到自己在现实生活中可能会如何变老。在进行的一项调查中发现，大多数人更重视现在，我们倾向于认为未来的自己与现在的自己是不同的。虽然暴露于未来的自我形象会导致更多的人为自己的养老金做出贡献，但FaceApp应用程序并没有让我们有立即改变某些事情的机会。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yet recently millins arund the glbe have dwnladed FaceApp, which allws users t see hw they might age in real life.(然而，最近全球有数百万人下载了FaceApp，用户可以看到自己在现实生活中可能会如何变老)”可知，FaceApp提供了未来的自我形象。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“This isn’t surprising, since mst f us are firmly rted in the present and thinking abut the distant future can seem like a distant pririty.(这并不奇怪，因为我们大多数人都牢牢地扎根于现在，思考遥远的未来似乎是一个遥远的优先事项)”可知，大多数受访者很少考虑他们未来的生活，是因为他们更重视现在。故选C。
31．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Given that a phtgraph f ne hungry child can spark emtinal reactins, and cause viewers t dnate, we have presented participants with vivid images f their distant selves.(考虑到一个饥饿的孩子的照片可以激发情感反应，并引起观众捐款，我们向参与者展示了他们遥远的自己的生动图像)”可知，考虑到一个饥饿的孩子的照片可以激发情感反应，并促使观众捐款，我们向参与者展示了他们遥远自我的生动形象。由此可知，给参与者提供他们老年时的照片对于募捐有帮助，故that指代的是“提供参与者的老年照片”，故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The silly app isn’t paired with an immediate pprtunity t change any f these things.(这个愚蠢的应用程序并没有一个立即改变这些事情的机会)”可推知，作者并不支持FaceApp软件。故选D。
9.（2023·江苏泰州·高三姜堰中学校考期中）
A cmment frm Zadie Smith caught my attentin this week. Asked whether she had ever cnsidered recrding an album, the nvelist respnded, “I have a dream f having a Café Carlyle residency in New Yrk in my 80s.” Here she is at the height f her success dreaming f a career Plan B just like the rest f us!
Weird Plan Bs fascinate me because fr years I had ne f my wn. Despite being perfectly happy in my chsen prfessin, I had lng harbured the fantasy f becming a phtgrapher and I tk a lckdwn leap and applied t art schl t acquire sme actual skills.
Has it brught me fame and riches? Nt as yet. Like many peple wh dream f having a g at smething different, I was fcusing n creative fulfilment rather than my future finances. By the time I graduated in 2022, my dream f running a prtrait phtgraphy business was lking a lt less practicable—in part thanks t AI head-sht generatrs.
If nly I had had a little mre Fb, als knwn as the fear f becming ut-f-date. This wrkplace trend is an updated versin f Fm—the fear f missing ut, which nw feels like a pignant (辛酸的) thrwback t mre ptimistic times. 22% f wrkers are wrried that technlgy will put them ut f a jb. And wh can blame them?
There is anther reasn that nurturing an alterative career might be risky. Research indicates that having a back-up plan can wrk against yu. Having a Plan B as a safety net can cause peple t make less effrt at their day jb and — unhelpfully — run a greater risk f lsing it.
S, d I regret pursuing my Plan B? Nt at all — hpefully I’ve gt a few years befre rbt phtgraphers take ver the wrld, and I currently spend a day a week n phtgraphy. My nly srrw is smething unexpected. Fr s many years. I had the fantasy f trying smething new. My “smeday” ambitin sustained me thrugh dull and bring days. But nw I’m actually spending sme f my week ding it, which has caused empty space in my life. It made me realize that having an alternative career t dream abut is in itself sustaining and cmfrting. Yu might never d it, and that might nt even matter. S, if yu’ll excuse me, I need t g and start wrking n my Plan C．..
33．Why did Zadie Smith want t have a Cafe Carlyle residency?
A．She was nt satisfied with her writing career.
B．She was eager t take up a secnd career.
C．She was depressed by recrding an album.
D．She was unable t reach the height f success.
34．What d yu knw abut the authr’s plan B?
A．She was a skilled phtgrapher wh graduated frm an art schl.
B．She gave up her chsen ccupatin because f lckdwn.
C．She gained a sense f creative satisfactin instead f incme.
D．She ran a phtgraphy business with the assistance f AI.
35．Why did the authr mentin the cncepts f Fb and Fm in paragraph 4?
A．T explain why wrkers are eager t d plan
B．T intrduce ne f the disadvantages t d plan B．
C．T advcate the sciety’s acceptance f plan B．
D．T display the future f trend f the wrkfrce.
36．What’s the authr’s “nly srrw” accrding t the last paragraph?
A．She will be replaced by rbt phtgrapher in the future.
B．She can’t spare time t d phtgraphy prfessinally.
C．She hates the dull and bring days in ding phtgraphy.
D．She lst smething new t excite sme enthusiasm fr life.
【答案】33．B 34．C 35．B 36．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。扎迪·史密斯的一条评论引发了作者对人生拥有职业B计划的思考，有优点也有缺点，但作者从未后悔，反而，着手要开始自己的C计划了。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段“Here she is at the height f her success dreaming f a career Plan B just like the rest f us! (在这里，她正处于事业成功的顶峰，梦想着职业B计划，就像我们其他人一样!)”可知，Zadie Smith想有一个Cafe Carlyle residency的原因是想要B计划，即从事第二职业。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段“Like many peple wh dream f having a g at smething different, I was fcusing n creative fulfilment rather than my future finances. (像许多梦想尝试不同事物的人一样，我关注的是创造性的成就感，而不是我未来的财务状况)”可知，比起收入来说，作者从B计划中主要获得了“创造性的成就感”。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据第五段段首“There is anther reasn that nurturing an alterative career might be risky. (培养一个可替代的职业具有风险性还存在另一个原因)”可知第四段在描述有B计划的某一个弊端或风险，所以第四段提及到“Fb and Fm”的原因是为了阐述“做B计划的一个缺点”。故选B。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“My nly srrw is smething unexpected.Fr s many years. I had the fantasy f trying smething new. My “smeday” ambitin sustained me thrugh dull and bring days. But nw I’m actually spending sme f my week ding it, which has caused empty space in my life. (我唯一的悲伤是一些意想不到的事情。这么多年了。我幻想着尝试新事物。“总有一天”的抱负支撑着我度过了枯燥乏味的日子。但现在我确实花了一些时间来做这件事，这给我的生活带来了空白)”可知，作者认为唯一的悲伤是给自己的生活带来了空白，即失去了一些新的东西来激发对生活的热情。故选D。
10.（2023·福建·高三福建省福州华侨中学校考期中）
In 1926, US autmaker Henry Frd shrtened its emplyees’ wrkweek frm six eight-hur days t five, with n pay cuts. It was smething wrkers and labr unins had been calling fr. Frd wasn’t respnding t wrker demands; he was being a businessman. He expected increased prductivity and knew wrkers with mre time and mney wuld buy and use the prducts they were making. It was a way f encuraging cnsumerism and prductivity t increase prfits, and it succeeded.
Since standardizatin f the 40-hur wrkweek in the mid-20th century, everything has changed except the hurs. If anything, many peple are wrking even lnger hurs, especially in Nrth America. This has a severe influence n human health and wellbeing, as well as the envirnment. Until the Secnd Wrld War, it was cmmn fr ne persn in a family, usually the ldest male, t wrk-full-time. Nw, wmen make up 42% f the wrld’s full-time wrkfrce. Technlgy has made a lt f wrk unnecessary, with cmputers and rbts ding many tasks previusly perfrmed by humans.
Well int the 2lst century, we cntinue t wrk the same lng hurs as 20th century labrers, using up ever mre f Earth’s supply t prduce mre gds that we must keep wrking t buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle f hard wrk and cnsumptin. It’s time t pause and cnsider better ways t live like shifting frm fssil-fueled lifestyles with which ur cnsumer-based wrkweeks are cnnected.
The UK think tank, New Ecnmics Fundatin, argues that a standard 21-hur wrkweek wuld address a number f intercnnected prblems: “verwrk, unemplyment, ver-cnsumptin, high carbn emissins, lw well-being, and the lack f time t live sustainably, t care fr each ther, and simply t enjy life”.
Ecnmic systems that require cnstant grwth n a finite (有限的) planet dn’t make sense. It’s time fr a change in ur ecnmic thinking.
37．Why did Frd decide t shrten the wrkweek?
A．T cut wrkers’ pay.B．T meet labr unins’ requirements.
C．Tu respnd t wrker demands.D．T make mre prfits.
38．What change in the wrkfrce happened after Wrld War Ⅱ?
A．Mre wmen wrked full-time.
B．The number f labrers decreased.
C．Technlgy enabled peple t wrk shrter hurs.
D．It was unnecessary fr a family’s ldest male t wrk.
39．What can we infer frm the third paragraph?
A．Lnger wrking hurs means better cnsumptin ability.
B．The 21st century sees the lngest wrking hurs in histry.
C．The cycle f hard wrk and cnsumptin shuld be changed.
D．Pausing ur way f living can change the present wrkweek.
40．New Ecnmics Fundatin thinks a 21-hur wrkweek will______.
A．increase unemplymentB．cause varius prblems
C．challenge the ecnmic grwthD．encurage peple t enjy life
【答案】37．D 38．A 39．C 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就福特汽车公司工作制的改变展开了讨论。1926年5月1日，福特汽车公司成为美国最早实行每周五天、每周工作40小时的公司之一。这是工人和工会一直在呼吁的。然而，每周五天工作制是为了提高工作效率。在一个有限的星球上，需要持续增长的经济体系毫无意义。是时候改变我们的经济思维了。
37．推理判断题。根据第一段的“It was a way f encuraging cnsumerism and prductivity t increase prfits, and it succeeded. (这是一种鼓励消费主义和提高生产力以增加利润的方式，而且它成功了。)”可知，福特决定缩短每周的工作时间是为了赚取更多的利润。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Until the Secnd Wrld War, it was cmmn fr ne persn in a family, usually the ldest male, t wrk-full-time. Nw, wmen make up 42% f the wrld’s full-time wrkfrce. (在第二次世界大战之前，一个家庭中有一个人全职工作是很常见的，通常是年龄最大的男性。现在，女性占全球全职劳动力的42%。)”可知，二战后更多的女性从事全职工作。故选A。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段“Well int the 2lst century, we cntinue t wrk the same lng hurs as 20th century labrers, using up ever mre f Earth’s supply t prduce mre gds that we must keep wrking t buy, use and replace in a seemingly endless cycle f hard wrk and cnsumptin. It’s time t pause and cnsider better ways t live like shifting frm fssil-fueled lifestyles with which ur cnsumer-based wrkweeks are cnnected. (进入21世纪，我们继续像20世纪的劳动者一样长时间工作，消耗越来越多的地球资源来生产更多的商品，我们必须继续努力购买、使用和替换这些商品，这似乎是一个无休止的艰苦工作和消费循环。是时候停下来考虑一下更好的生活方式了，比如从我们以消费为基础的工作周所依赖的化石燃料的生活方式中转变出来。)”可知，从第三段我们可以推断出努力工作和消费的循环应该改变。故选C。
40．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The UK think tank, New Ecnmics Fundatin, argues that a standard 21-hur wrkweek wuld address a number f intercnnected prblems: “verwrk, unemplyment, ver-cnsumptin, high carbn emissins, lw well-being, and the lack f time t live sustainably, t care fr each ther, and simply t enjy life”. (英国智库新经济基金会认为，标准的每周21小时工作制将解决一系列相互关联的问题：“过度劳累、失业、过度消费、高碳排放、低幸福感，以及缺乏可持续生活、相互照顾和享受生活的时间”。)”可知，新经济基金会认为每周工作21小时将鼓励人们享受生活。故选D。
11.（2023·四川南充高级中学校考测试）
And Alice said, “Curiuser and Curiuser!”
“Curiuser and curiuser!” this line frm Lewis Carrll’s Alice in the Wnderland aruses the mst interesting mix f mystery, explratin, discvery and fantasy f the new and unreal.
Curisity can ften be amusing in the real wrld: a baby mnkey sliding ff the branch as it curiusly stretches ut its hand twards a piece f red, juicy fruit.Then there is ur wn curius little cusin, intent n pushing a rck ver and then equally excited by the wrms crawling ut.We can hear his cheerful claps — the curisity effect! They are all set t explre and investigate what is arund them.This childlike enthusiasm and interest in the wrld dribble away as they grw lder and becme mre cautius.
Curisity is ne f ur strngest instincts.We are brn with it and fllw its trail fr a reasn.It is t learn smething we did nt knw, t understand smething which is unusual, and t engage with smething we have nt cme acrss befre.The learning f the “new” sets us ff n a path f discvery and innvatin.Curisity and explratin activates areas f the brain that are linked with learning and memry.An imaginative mind adds mre neurns (神经元), which increases ur brain pwer.The excitement f fllwing ur curisity activates the chemical dpamine (多巴胺) in ur brain.Dpamine? Think f it as the happy messenger that runs alng the wiring f ur brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victry! The labyrinths (迷宫) f ur brain are cmplex and mysterius.We can get these neurns t buzz and crackle in tune with ur imaginatin and explratin t aid in the develpment f a healthier brain.
Curiuser and curiuser, g fllw the trail dwn the rabbit hle f explratin.The wrld awaits, and yur brain will thank yu fr exercising its muscle!
41．What des the underlined wrds prbably mean in the secnd paragraph?
A．Wear ffB．Give ff.C．Take ff.D．Cut ff.
42．Which f the statements abut dpamine is true accrding t the writer?
A．Dpamine can increase ur brain pwer.
B．Dpamine can deliver happiness in ur brain.
C．Dpamine can figure ut the mystery f ur brain.
D．Dpamine can activate ur curisity in ur brain.
43．Hw did the writer rganize the third paragraph?
A．By making definitins.B．By giving theries.
C．By shwing benefits.D．By making cmparisns.
44．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Imaginatin is mre imprtant than knwledge.
B．Alice in the Wnderland is Lewis Carrll’s best seller.
C．Curisity is a natural tendency fr peple and animal.
D．Curisity is f great significance t us regardless f age.
【答案】41．A 42．B 43．C 44．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过举例和论证，说明好奇心在我们的生活中扮演着重要的角色，可以激发我们的探索和调查欲望，促进大脑的健康和发展。
41．词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“as they grw lder and becme mre cautius.(随着年龄的增长，变得更加谨慎)”可推测，这种孩子般的热情和对世界的兴趣会逐渐消失。由此可知，划线词组dribble away与Wear ff(逐渐消失)意思接近。故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The excitement f fllwing ur curisity activates the chemical dpamine (多巴胺) in ur brain. Dpamine? Think f it as the happy messenger that runs alng the wiring f ur brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victry!(追随好奇心的兴奋会激活我们大脑中的化学物质多巴胺。多巴胺？把它想象成一个快乐的信使，沿着我们大脑的线路奔跑，就像一个兴奋的啦啦队长庆祝胜利一样！)”可知，多巴胺可以在我们的大脑中传递快乐。故选B。
43．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Curisity is ne f ur strngest instincts. We are brn with it and fllw its trail fr a reasn. It is t learn smething we did nt knw, t understand smething which is unusual, and t engage with smething we have nt cme acrss befre. The learning f the “new” sets us ff n a path f discvery and innvatin. Curisity and explratin activates areas f the brain that are linked with learning and memry. An imaginative mind adds mre neurns (神经元), which increases ur brain pwer. The excitement f fllwing ur curisity activates the chemical dpamine (多巴胺) in ur brain. Dpamine? Think f it as the happy messenger that runs alng the wiring f ur brain like an excited cheerleader celebrating a victry! The labyrinths (迷宫) f ur brain are cmplex and mysterius. We can get these neurns t buzz and crackle in tune with ur imaginatin and explratin t aid in the develpment f a healthier brain(好奇心是我们最强烈的本能之一。我们生来就有它，追随它的足迹是有原因的。它是学习我们不知道的东西，理解不寻常的东西，参与我们以前没有遇到过的东西。对“新”事物的学习使我们走上了发现和创新的道路。好奇心和探索会激活大脑中与学习和记忆有关的区域。富有想象力的头脑会增加更多的神经元，从而提高我们的脑力。追随好奇心的兴奋会激活我们大脑中的化学物质多巴胺。多巴胺？把它想象成一个快乐的信使，沿着我们大脑的线路奔跑，就像一个兴奋的啦啦队长庆祝胜利一样!我们大脑的迷宫是复杂而神秘的。我们可以让这些神经元嗡嗡作响，与我们的想象力和探索保持一致，以帮助发育更健康的大脑。)”可知，第三段主要讲述了好奇心可以帮助我们学习我们不知道的东西，理解不寻常的东西，参与我们以前没有遇到过的东西；而追随好奇心的兴奋会激活我们大脑中的化学物质多巴胺以及帮助发育更健康的大脑。由此可知，文章第三段通过展示好奇心的好处来开展内容。故选C。
44．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Curiuser and curiuser, g fllw the trail dwn the rabbit hle f explratin. The wrld awaits, and yur brain will thank yu fr exercising its muscle!(好奇的人越来越好奇，沿着这条小径进入探索的兔子洞。世界在等着你，你的大脑会感谢你锻炼了它的肌肉！)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了好奇心的重要性，无论年龄大小，好奇心对我们都有重要意义。故选D。
12.（2023·重庆·高三校联考期中）
Whm shuld yu marry? Where shuld yu live? Hw shuld yu spend yur time? Fr centuries, peple have relied n their gut instincts (直觉) t figure ut the answers t these life-changing questins. Nw, thugh, there is a better way. We are living thrugh a data explsin, as vast amunts f infrmatin abut all aspects f human behavir have becme mre and mre accessible. We can use this big data t help determine the best curse t chart.
There has lng been verwhelming—and ften surprising—evidence that algrithms (算法) can be much better than peple at making difficult decisins. Researchers have cllected data n varius kinds f chices peple make, the infrmatin they base thse chices n, and hw things turn ut. They have fund, fr example, that a simple data-driven algrithm wuld have been better than judges at deciding whether a defendant shuld stay in prisn r be released; better than dctrs at deciding whether a patient shuld underg surgery; and better than schl principals at deciding which teachers shuld be prmted.
The pwer f data analysis has been prved in the sprts and business wrlds, t. As made famus by the bk and mvie Mneyball, baseball teams fund that algrithms were better than scuts (星探) at picking players, and better than managers at picking strategies. In finance, the hedge fund Renaissance Technlgies dramatically defeated cmpetitrs by seeking ut patterns in stck market data and using them t infrm its investment strategy. Tech firms in Silicn Valley have fund that data frm experiments prvides better insights int hw t design their websites than designers culd.
These are the early days f the data revlutin in decisin-making. I am nt claiming that we can cmpletely cunt n algrithms t make ur lifestyle chices, thugh we might get t that pint in the future. I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically imprve ur decisin-making by cnsulting evidence mined frm thusands r millins f peple wh faced dilemmas similar t urs. And we can d that nw.
45．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．Big data is a duble-edged swrd.
B．Data revlutin will change peple’s life.
C．Big data is helpful in making imprtant decisins.
D．Algrithms behaves better than peple in many fields.
46．Accrding t paragraph 2, algrithms might NOT defeat peple in_________.
A．curt rulingsB．jb prmtins
C．perative estimatinD．teaching practices
47．What is the writing purpse f paragraph 3?
A．T prvide further evidence.B．T shw ptential applicatins.
C．T encurage the use f big data.D．T explain hw t use algrithms.
48．Which f the fllwing will the authr mst prbably agree with?
A．Algrithms ffer perfect advice nw.
B．Big data will certainly cause a revlutin.
C．Big data can make up fr ur lack f experience.
D．Algrithms are bund t be fully trusted in the future.
【答案】45．B 46．D 47．A 48．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述随着大数据的普及，我们可以利用大数据来改善我们的决策。
45．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“We are living thrugh a data explsin, as vast amunts f infrmatin abut all aspects f human behavir have becme mre and mre accessible. We can use this big data t help determine the best curse t chart.(我们正生活在一个数据爆炸的时代，关于人类行为各个方面的大量信息变得越来越容易获取。我们可以利用这些大数据来帮助确定绘制地图的最佳路线。)”可知，数据革命将改变人们的生活。故选B项。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They have fund, fr example, that a simple data-driven algrithm wuld have been better than judges at deciding whether a defendant shuld stay in prisn r be released; better than dctrs at deciding whether a patient shuld underg surgery; and better than schl principals at deciding which teachers shuld be prmted.(例如，他们发现，一个简单的数据驱动算法在决定被告是应该留在监狱还是释放时，会比法官更好；在决定病人是否应该接受手术方面优于医生；而且比学校校长更擅长决定哪些老师应该升职。)”可知，数据算法只有“教学实践”方面有可能不会打败人类。故选D项。
47．推理判断题。根据第三段“The pwer f data analysis has been prved in the sprts and business wrlds, t. As made famus by the bk and mvie Mneyball, baseball teams fund that algrithms were better than scuts(星探) at picking players, and better than managers at picking strategies. In finance, the hedge fund Renaissance Technlgies dramatically defeated cmpetitrs by seeking ut patterns in stck market data and using them t infrm its investment strategy. Tech firms in Silicn Valley have fund that data frm experiments prvides better insights int hw t design their websites than designers culd.(数据分析的力量在体育和商业领域也得到了证明。正如书和电影《点球成金》所述，棒球队发现，算法在挑选球员方面比球探好，在挑选策略方面比经理好。在金融领域，对冲基金文艺复兴科技公司通过从股市数据中寻找规律，并利用这些规律制定投资策略，一举击败了竞争对手。硅谷的科技公司发现，实验数据比设计师更能帮助他们了解如何设计网站。)”可知，算法在体育和商业领域，也可以帮助人们更好地做出决策，此段的写作目的是提供进一步的证据。故选A项。
48．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically imprve ur decisin-making by cnsulting evidence mined frm thusands r millins f peple wh faced dilemmas similar t urs. And we can d that nw.(相反，我认为我们都可以通过咨询从成千上万与我们面临类似困境的人那里获得的证据来显著改善我们的决策。我们现在就能做到。)”可知，作者应该赞成“大数据可以弥补我们经验的不足。”这一观点。故选C项。
13.（2023·湖北·高三武汉市第十一中学校联考阶段练习）
Yu can’t see it, smell it, r hear it, and peple disagree n hw precisely t define it, r where exactly it cmes frm. It isn’t a schl subject r an academic discipline, but it can be learned. It is a quality that is required f artists, but it is als present in the lives f scientists and entrepreneurs. All f us benefit frm it and we succeed mentally and spiritually when we are able t handle it. It is a delicate thing, easily wiped ut; in fact, it blssms mst fully when peple are playful and childlike. Meanwhile, it wrks best in meeting with deep knwledge and expertise.
This mysterius—but teachable—quality is creativity, the subject f a recently-published reprt by Durham Cmmissin n Creativity and Educatin. The reprt cncludes that creativity shuld nt exist in the schl curriculum nly as it relates t drama, music, art and ther bviusly creative subjects, but that creative thinking ught t run thrugh all f schl life, infusing (充满) the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.
Nevertheless, it is arts subjects thrugh which creativity can mst bviusly be prmted. The value placed n them by the independent educatin is clear. One nly has t lk at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain’ stp private schls t understand this. But in the state educatin the extreme fcus n English, maths and science threatens t destry arts subjects; meanwhile, reduced schl budgets mean decreasing extracurricular activities.
This difference between state and private educatin is a matter f scial justice. It is simply wrng and unfair that mst children have a small part f the access t chirs, art studis and drama that their mre privileged peers enjy. As lives are affected by any number f threatening challenges—climate crisis, autmatin in the wrkplace—humans are ging t need creative thinking mre than ever. Fr all f ur sakes, creativity in educatin, and fr all, must becme a pririty.
49．What is the primary functin f the first paragraph in the passage?
A．It ffers a histrical verview f creative thinking.
B．It intrduces the precise definitin and benefits f creativity.
C．It guides the reader n t the tpic f creativity in educatin.
D．It prvides evidence fr the imprtance f science educatin.
50．What is the cnclusin f a recently-published reprt?
A．Natural sciences shuld be learned the way humanities curses are.
B．Grwth f creativity shuld run thrugh the entire schl curriculum.
C．Art curses shuld be made required fr all students，
D．Students shuld learn mre bviusly creative subjects.
51．What d we learn abut the private schls in the UK?
A．They encurage extracurricular activities.
B．They attach great imprtance t arts educatin.
C．They priritize arts subjects ver maths and sciences.
D．They meet the needs f students frm different family backgrunds.
52．What shuld be dne t meet the future challenges?
A．Increasing gvernment investment in schl educatin.
B．Narrwing the existing gap between the rich and the pr.
C．Prviding all children with equal access t arts educatin.
D．Fcusing n meeting the needs f under-privileged students.
【答案】49．C 50．B 51．B 52．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是创造力的重要性和现在培养创造力的困难所在。
49．推理判断题。根据第一段“It is a delicate thing, easily wiped ut; in fact, it blssms mst fully when peple are playful and childlike. Meanwhile, it wrks best in meeting with deep knwledge and expertise.(这是一个微妙的东西，很容易被消灭；事实上，当人们充满童趣和童心时，它才会绽放得最灿烂。同时，它在与渊博的知识和专业知识会面时效果最好。)”和第二段“This mysterius—but teachable—quality is creativity, the subject f a recently-published reprt by Durham Cmmissin n Creativity and Educatin.(这种神秘但可教的品质就是创造力，这是达勒姆创新与教育委员会最近发表的一份报告的主题。)”可知，第一段是对某个事物的描述，第二段说这就是创造力，因此，第一段的功能是引导读者了解教育中的创造力这个话题。故选C。
50．细节理解题。根据第二段“The reprt cncludes that creativity shuld nt exist in the schl curriculum nly as it relates t drama, music, art and ther bviusly creative subjects, but that creative thinking ught t run thrugh all f schl life, infusing (充满) the way humanities and natural sciences are learned.(报告的结论是，创造力不应该只存在于学校课程中，因为它与戏剧、音乐、艺术和其他明显具有创造性的学科有关，而应该贯穿整个学校生活，融入人文科学和自然科学的学习方式。)”可知，最近发表的一份报告的结论是培养创造力应该贯穿整个学校课程。故选B。
51．细节理解题。根据第三段“One nly has t lk at the remarkable arts facilities at Britain’ stp private schls t understand this.(你只需要看看英国私立学校卓越的艺术设施就能理解这一点。)”可知，英国的私立学校非常重视艺术教育。故选B。
52．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It is simply wrng and unfair that mst children have a small part f the access t chirs, art studis and drama that their mre privileged peers enjy. As lives are affected by any number f threatening challenges—climate crisis, autmatin in the wrkplace—humans are ging t need creative thinking mre than ever. Fr all f ur sakes, creativity in educatin, and fr all, must becme a pririty.(大多数孩子只有一小部分机会去唱诗班、艺术工作室和戏剧表演，这是完全错误和不公平的。随着生活受到气候危机、工作场所自动化等一系列威胁挑战的影响，人类将比以往任何时候都更需要创造性思维。为了我们所有人的利益，教育中的创造力，为了所有人，必须成为一个优先事项。)”可知，我们应该为所有儿童提供平等接受艺术教育的机会来应对未来的挑战，故选C。
14.（2023全国模拟测试）
Ggle made waves recently by intrducing its new prgram, “Ggle Career Certificates,” a cllectin f curses designed t help peple get qualificatins in high-paying, high-grwth jb fields withut attending university. The curses shuld take abut six mnths t cmplete and will cst a fractin (小部分) f a traditinal cllege educatin.
Many peple, especially students, were happy t see an alternative (可能的选择) t what many cnsider a brken educatin system—ne that leaves many burdened with student debt fr years while leaving them unprepared fr the real wrld.
The truth is, traditinal higher educatin may be necessary fr sme careers, but fr thers it is neither necessary nr practical. Ggle’s alternative nt nly csts a fractin f a traditinal cllege educatin, but it can als be cmpleted in far less time and can better prepare graduates fr the real wrld.
Of curse, what Ggle is ffering isn’t exactly new. In sme ways, the new prgram is similar t ther types f training that have existed fr years, like vcatinal educatin. The difference is, since Ggle is a husehld name, its certificate can be easily recgnized and accepted acrss cmpanies and industries — much like a degree frm a majr university.
Nt everyne was in praise f Ggle’s alternative. Sme peple expressed cncern that nt enugh emplyers wuld value Ggle’s certificate prgram. One even argued that graduates wuld likely nt get a jb and wuld then feel the need t g t cllege after all. Anther criticism peple leveled was that there are certain lessns taught in higher educatin that yu merely can’t get in ther places. “Students need mre than a checklist f skills in rder t cmpete in the real wrld,” thse peple said. “They need critical thinking abilities.”
I dn’t think Ggle’s prgram will cmpletely replace cllege educatin. But I d think it’s a step in the right directin — a separate path fr students wh are lking fr smething different frm traditinal higher educatin.
53．What is the purpse f Ggle’s certificate prgram?
A．T prepare peple fr future jbs.
B．T allw peple t get wrk experience.
C．T teach peple hw t get a high-paying jb.
D．T ffer peple the chance t g t university.
54．What is ne reasn why many peple favred Ggle’s certificate prgram?
A．Its curses are mstly easy.
B．It ensures peple a prmising career.
C．Its training is new and f high quality.
D．It csts less than traditinal higher educatin.
55．What is ne limitatin f Ggle’s certificate prgram accrding t critics?
A．It isn’t practical.
B．It desn’t ffer valuable skills.
C．It isn’t acceptable t the public.
D．It desn’t develp critical thinking abilities.
56．What des the authr expect f Ggle’s certificate prgram?
A．It shuld mve in the right directin.
B．It will take the place f cllege educatin.
C．It can serve as an alternative fr sme peple.
D．It needs t make changes t meet students’ needs.
【答案】53．C 54．D 55．D 56．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人们对谷歌最近推出的“谷歌职业证书”这个项目的不同观点。
53．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Ggle made waves recently by intrducing its new prgram, “Ggle Career Certificates,” a cllectin f curses designed t help peple get qualificatins in high-paying, high-grwth jb fields withut attending university.(谷歌最近推出了一个名为“谷歌职业证书”的新项目，该项目旨在帮助人们在不上大学的情况下获得高薪、高增长工作领域的资格证书)”可知，谷歌证书课程的目的是教人们获得一份高薪工作的方法。故选C。
54．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Ggle’s alternative nt nly csts a fractin f a traditinal cllege educatin, but it can als be cmpleted in far less time and can better prepare graduates fr the real wrld.(谷歌的替代方案不仅花费传统大学教育的一小部分，而且可以在更短的时间内完成，并且可以更好地为毕业生进入现实世界做好准备) ”可推知，许多人喜欢谷歌的证书项目，因为它比传统的高等教育成本低。故选D。
55．细节理解题。根据第五段的“Anther criticism peple leveled was that there are certain lessns taught in higher educatin that yu merely can’t get in ther places. “Students need mre than a checklist f skills in rder t cmpete in the real wrld,” thse peple said. “They need critical thinking abilities.”(人们提出的另一个批评是，高等教育中教授的某些课程是你在其他地方根本学不到的。”为了在现实世界中竞争，学生们需要的不仅仅是一张技能清单。他们需要批判性思维能力)”可知，批评人士认为谷歌的证书课程的局限性在于它不能培养批判性思维能力。故选D。
56．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But I d think it’s a step in the right directin — a separate path fr students wh are lking fr smething different frm traditinal higher educatin.(但我确实认为这是朝着正确方向迈出的一步：为那些寻求与传统高等教育不同的东西的学生提供了一条独立的道路)”可知，作者对谷歌的证书课程的期望是它可以作为一些人的替代选择。故选C。
15.（2023·山东·德州市第一中学校联考模拟预测）
Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.
Imagine the first butterfly yu stp t admire after a lng winter r the scenery atp a hill after a fresh hike. Smetimes existence delivers us small mments f beauty. When peple are pen t appreciating such experiences, these mments may enhance hw they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.
T better understand this appreciatin, we cnducted a series f studies invlving ver 3,000 participants. Initially, we had participants rate their cping strategies t relieve their stress. Thse managing stress by fcusing n their appreciatin fr life’s beauty reprted experiencing life as highly meaningful. In the fllw-ups, we asked them t rate the extent t which they agreed with varius statements, such as “I have a great appreciatin fr the beauty f life” and ther statements related t cherence, purpse, existential mattering. Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.
The final results cnfirmed ur riginal thery: appreciating small things can make life feel mre meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw. Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.
57．What is the authr’s belief in meaningful life?
A．Owning the cherence f life.
B．Setting a lng-term career gal.
C．Valuing what matters just t us.
D．Enjying present beauty f life.
58．What is the third paragraph mainly abut?
A．The apprach t cnducting the studies.
B．The analysis f the specific bjectives.
C．The necessity f a lng-term gal in life.
D．The lgic behind experiential appreciatin.
59．What challenges us t feel mre meaningful life accrding t the text?
A．Our fast-paced mdern lifestyle.
B．The lack f emplyment chances.
C．Our fcus n individual feelings.
D．The ignrance f future utcmes.
60．What can be the best title f the passage?
A．Appreciating the past.
B．Living in the mment.
C．Finding yurself back.
D．Embracing the future.
【答案】57．D 58．D 59．A 60．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美。
57．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Many schlars agree that a meaningful existence cmes dwn t three factrs: the cherence f ne’s life, the pssessin f clear lng-term gals and the belief that ne’s life matters. But we believe there is anther element t cnsider.(许多学者认为，一个有意义的存在归结为三个因素：一个人的生命的连贯性，拥有明确的长期目标，相信自己的生命是重要的。但我们认为还有另一个因素需要考虑。)”，第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，作者对有意义的生活的信念是享受当下的生活之美。故选D。
58．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Our results shwed that the mre peple indicated that they were “appreciating life”, the mre they felt their existence valuable. In the subsequent experiment, we further explred the phenmenn by asking participants t watch an awe-inspiring vide, they als reprted having a greater sense f experiential appreciatin and meaning in life in these mments, cmpared with thse watching mre neutral vides.(我们的研究结果显示，越多的人表示他们“欣赏生活”，他们就越觉得自己的存在有价值。在随后的实验中，我们通过要求参与者观看令人敬畏的视频进一步探索了这一现象，他们也报告说，与那些观看更中性视频的人相比，他们在这些时刻有更大的体验感激感和生活意义。)”可知，第三段的主要内容是体验式欣赏背后的逻辑。故选D。
59．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Our mdern, fast-paced, prject-riented lifestyles fill the day with targets. We are n the g, attempting t maximize ur utput. This makes it easy t miss what is happening right nw.(我们现代、快节奏、以项目为导向的生活方式让每一天都充满了目标。我们忙得不可开交，试图使我们的产出最大化。这使得我们很容易忽略正在发生的事情。)”可知，我们快节奏的现代生活方式使感受更有意义的生活有了挑战。故选A。
60．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段的“We call this element experiential appreciatin, an ability t detect and admire life’s inner beauty as events happen.(我们称这种元素为体验性欣赏，一种在事件发生时发现和欣赏生活内在美的能力。)”和最后一段的“Yet life happens in the present mment. We shuld slw dwn, let life surprise us and embrace the significance every day.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱每一天的意义。)”可知，本文主要讲的是体验性欣赏的好处以及我们要活在当下，欣赏生活中的美，因此最好的题目是B选项“Living in the mment.(活在当下。)”。故选B。
16.（2023·云南保山·高三测试）
My elephant adventures began in 1984 when, with ur ne-year-ld daughter, my husband and I crssed the jungle in a jeep, sticking behind a lrry fr cmfrt and cmpany. The elephants standing like watchers n either side f the frest highway had us praying fr ur safety. One elephant made lud nise and angrily pawed the grund, warning us ff. We raced away befre they culd attack.
It was wise t keep elephants at a distance. We heard stries f turists whse jeeps were verturned, and a cuple f phtgraphers were killed because they mved t clse. Elephants are misleading animals. They give peple an impressin f being quiet and kind, s turists think it’s safe t picnic in the jungle. Yet angry elephants have kncked them dwn in secnds befre they culd take ff.
Elephants might make life unpredictable and dangerus. It’s difficult fr inexperienced envirnmentalists t even, begin t grasp this reality. I’ve heard city peple say “We humans are encraching (侵害) n their frests.” But what’s the slutin?
When a pr farmer brrws heavily t plant a crp, he’ll d anything t prtect it. His life depends n it. Elephants ruining an abut-t-be-harvested crn field cannt expect t be welcmed like special guests. The battle between beasts and farmers is vilent.
Experts are wrking n slutins t human-elephant cnflicts. Sme are sure t fail t like the plan t build electric fences arund human settlements. Elephants rapidly figure them ut and cme in, arund and ver them.
There are mre questins than answers, fr sure. But as my husband said, “Mre peple die in car accidents every single day, in every city n the earth. But they wn’t take cars ff the rads, will they?” S we need t seek practical ways f preventing elephant accidents.
61．Hw did the authr feel when she saw elephants standing n either side f the frest highway?
A．Excited.B．Frightened.
C．Sacred.D．Sympathetic.
62．Why des the authr think f elephants as misleading animals?
A．Because they killed the phtgraphers.
B．Because they verturned vehicles.
C．Because they dn’t lk fierce.
D．Because they ften knck dwn visitrs.
63．Why d farmers battle with elephants?
A．Because elephants ruin their crps.
B．Because they want t hunt elephants.
C．Because elephants’ ivries are valuable.
D．Because elephants are encraching n their frests.
64．What des the authr’s wrds in the last paragraph imply?
A．Prper measures shuld be taken t prtect elephants.
B．It is a gd idea t build electric fences arund human settlements.
C．It is impssible t find a slutin t settle human-elephant cnflicts.
D．We shuld first reduce car accidents t prevent elephant accidents.
【答案】61．B 62．C 63．A 64．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者先由自己的大象探险讲起，引出下文中大象给人类误导，表面看似安静友好，但其实具有攻击性，人类也因此受到大象的攻击和伤害。但方法总比困难多，我们要寻求更实际的解决办法。
61．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The elephants standing like watchers n either side f the frest highway had us praying fr ur safety.(在森林高速公路两旁，大象像守望者一样站立着，我们为自己的安全祈祷)”可推知，当作者看到大象站在森林公路的两边时，她感到很害怕。故选B。
62．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Elephants are misleading animals. They give peple an impressin f being quiet and kind, s turists think it’s safe t picnic in the jungle.(大象是容易误导人的动物。它们给人的印象是安静和善良，所以游客认为在丛林里野餐是安全的)”可知，作者认为大象是一种容易误导人的动物，因为它们看起来并不凶猛。故选C。
63．细节理解题。根据第四段“When a pr farmer brrws heavily t plant a crp, he’ll d anything t prtect it. His life depends n it. Elephants ruining an abut-t-be-harvested crn field cannt expect t be welcmed like special guests. The battle between beasts and farmers is vilent.(当一个贫穷的农民借了很多钱来种庄稼时，他会做任何事情来保护庄稼。他的命就靠它了。大象破坏了即将收割的玉米田，不能指望像特别客人一样受到欢迎。野兽和农民之间的战斗很激烈)”可知，农民与大象作战，因为大象毁坏了他们的庄稼。故选A。
64．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But as my husband said, “Mre peple die in car accidents every single day, in every city n the earth. But they wn’t take cars ff the rads, will they?” S we need t seek practical ways f preventing elephant accidents.(但正如我丈夫所说，“在地球上的每个城市，每天都有更多的人死于车祸。但他们不会让汽车从路上消失，对吧?”因此，我们需要寻求防止大象事故的实用方法)”可推知，作者在最后一段的话暗示应该采取适当的措施来保护大象。故选A。
17.（2023·宁夏银川·高三银川一中校考阶段练习）
A century ag, the immigrants frm acrss the Atlantic included settlers and travelers. Alng with the many flks lking t make a permanent hme in the United States came thse wh had n intentin t stay, and 7 millin peple arrived while abut 2 millin departed. Abut a quarter f all Italian immigrants, fr example, eventually returned t Italy fr gd. They even had an affectinate nickname, “uccelli di passaggi”, birds f passage.
Tday, we place mre restrictins n immigrants. We divide newcmers int tw categries: legal r illegal, gd r bad. We acknwledge them as Americans in the making, r identify them as aliens t be kicked ut. That framewrk has cntributed a great deal t ur brken immigratin system and the lng plitical paralysis ver hw t fix it. We dn’t need mre categries, but we need t change the way we think abut categries. We need t lk beynd strict definitins f legal and illegal. T start, we can recgnize the new birds f passage, thse living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin t slve ur immigratin challenges.
Crp pickers, vilinists, cnstructin wrkers, entrepreneurs, engineers, hme health-care aides and physicists are amng tday’s birds f passage. They are energetic participants in a glbal ecnmy driven by the flw f wrk, mney and ideas. They prefer t cme and g as pprtunity calls them. They can manage t have a jb in ne place and a family in anther.
With r withut permissin, they straddle (跨越) laws, jurisdictins and identities with ease. We need them t imagine the United States as a place where they can be prductive fr a while withut cmmitting themselves t staying frever. We need them t feel that hme can be bth here and there and that they can belng t tw natins hnrably.
Accmmdating this new wrld f peple in mtin will require new attitudes n bth sides f the immigratin battle. Lking beynd the culture war lgic f right r wrng means pening up the middle grund and understanding that managing immigratin tday requires multiple paths and multiple utcmes, including sme that are nt easy t accmplish legally in the existing system.
65．What des the underlined phrase “birds f passage” in Paragraph One indicate?
A．Peple immigrating acrss the Atlantic.B．Peple staying in a freign cuntry temprarily.
C．Peple leaving their mtherland fr gd.D．Peple finding permanent jbs verseas.
66．What d we knw abut the current immigratin system in the US?
A．It needs new immigrant categries.B．It has lsened cntrl ver immigrants.
C．It shuld be refrmed t meet challenges.D．It has been fixed thrugh plitical means.
67．Accrding t the authr, hw shuld tday’s “birds f passage” be treated?
A．They shuld be treated with legal tlerance.B．They shuld be treated with ecnmic favrs.
C．They shuld be treated as faithful partners.D．They shuld be treated as pwerful cmpetitrs.
68．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Cme and G: Big MistakeB．Living and Thriving: Great Risk
C．With r Withut: Great RiskD．Legal r Illegal: Big Mistake
【答案】65．B 66．C 67．A 68．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了现在的美国将新来者分为两类：合法的或非法的，好的或坏的。这一思维构架在很大程度上导致了美国的移民体系漏洞百出，也致使政府对“如何修复这一体系”处于长期瘫痪状态。事实上，美国无需更多类别，但需要改变对类别的思考方式，需要超越对“合法”和“非法”的严格定义，超越文化战争的是非逻辑，意味着要开辟中间地带，并认识到今天管理移民需要多种途径和多种结果，包括一些在现有制度下不容易合法完成的结果。
65．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Alng with the many flks lking t make a permanent hme in the United States came thse wh had n intentin t stay, and 7 millin peple arrived while abut 2 millin departed. Abut a quarter f all Italian immigrants, fr example, eventually returned t Italy fr gd. They even had an affectinate nickname, “uccelli di passaggi”, birds f passage. (随着许多人希望在美国建立一个永久的家，也有一些人无意留下来，有700万人来到美国，而大约有200万人离开。例如，大约四分之一的意大利移民最终永远回到了意大利。他们甚至有个亲切的昵称“uccelli di passaggi”，birds f passage)”和倒数第二段的“With r withut permissin, they straddle (跨越) laws, jurisdictins and identities with ease. We need them t imagine the United States as a place where they can be prductive fr a while withut cmmitting themselves t staying frever.(无论是否获得许可，他们都可以轻松地跨越法律、司法管辖区和身份。我们需要他们把美国想象成一个他们可以在一段时间内富有成效的地方，而不必承诺永远呆在这里)”可知，“birds f passage”指的是那些临时逗留在外国的人。故选B。
66．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“That framewrk has cntributed a great deal t ur brken immigratin system and the lng plitical paralysis ver hw t fix it. We dn’t need mre categries, but we need t change the way we think abut categries. We need t lk beynd strict definitins f legal and illegal.(这一框架在很大程度上导致了我们支离破碎的移民体系，以及在如何修复这一体系方面的长期政治瘫痪。我们不需要更多的分类，但我们需要改变我们对分类的看法。我们需要超越对合法和非法的严格定义)”可推知，美国当前的移民制度应该进行改革，以应对挑战。故选C。
67．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“We need t lk beynd strict definitins f legal and illegal. T start, we can recgnize the new birds f passage, thse living and thriving in the gray areas.(我们需要超越对合法和非法的严格定义。首先，我们可以认识到新的候鸟，那些生活在灰色地带并茁壮成长的鸟)”和第四段中的“With r withut permissin, they straddle (跨越) laws, jurisdictins and identities with ease. We need them t imagine the United States as a place where they can be prductive fr a while withut cmmitting themselves t staying frever.(无论是否获得许可，他们都可以轻松地跨越法律、司法管辖区和身份。我们需要他们把美国想象成一个他们可以在一段时间内富有成效的地方，而不必承诺永远呆在这里)”可推知，作者认为今天的“候鸟”应该受到法律宽容的对待。故选A。
68．主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“We divide newcmers int tw categries: legal r illegal, gd r bad.(我们将新来者分为两类：合法的或非法的，好的或坏的)”和“That framewrk has cntributed a great deal t ur brken immigratin system and the lng plitical paralysis ver hw t fix it. We dn’t need mre categries, but we need t change the way we think abut categries. We need t lk beynd strict definitins f legal and illegal.(这一框架在很大程度上导致了我们支离破碎的移民体系，以及在如何修复这一体系方面的长期政治瘫痪。我们不需要更多的分类，但我们需要改变我们对分类的看法。我们需要超越对合法和非法的严格定义)”及下文论述可知，文章主要论述了从合法和不合法角度对移民进行分类是错误的。由此可知，Legal r Illegal: Big Mistake(合法或非法：大错误)适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
18.（2023·湖南·师大附中校考阶段练习）
There seems t be a lt f talk these days abut what is fair, and what is nt. Mst peple tend t believe life shuld be fair. Sme f the 99% seem t believe life has smehw treated them unfairly, and sme f the 1% feel life hasn’t treated them fairly enugh. My questins are these: What is fairness? Is life fair? Shuld life be fair?
We clearly have n chice abut hw we cme int this wrld. We have little chice early in life. But as we grw lder, chices abund. I have lng believed that while we have n cntrl ver the beginning f ur life, the majrity f us have the ability t influence the utcmes we attain. Fairness is a state f mind, and mst ften, an unhealthy state f mind. Our state in life cannt, r at least shuld nt, be blamed n ur parents, ur teachers, r ur sciety—it’s largely based n the chices we make, and the attitudes we adpt.
Life is full f examples f the uneducated, the mentally and physically challenged peple brn int war-trn areas, wh culd have cmplained abut life being unfair, but wh instead chse a different path. Regardless f the challenges they faced, they had the character t chse cntributin ver cmplaint.
I agree that challenges exist. I agree that many have an uphill battle due t these verity f the challenges they face. What I disagree with is the attempt t use fairness t slve all prblems in the wrld. Rules and rders dn’t create fairness, but peple’s desire and determinatin can wrk arund mst life challenges.
It desn’t matter whether yu are brn with a silver spn, plastic spn, r n spn at all. A friend f mine came t this cuntry frm Africa in his late teens, barely spke the language, drve a cab while wrking his way thrugh cllege, and is nw the president f a technlgy services firm. Stries such as this are all arund us—they are nt miracles, nr are they the rare exceptin. They d, hwever, demnstrate blindness t the mindset f the fairness.
69．What is the primary purpse f the text?
A．T prmte “effrts ver cmplaint”.
B．T stress the imprtance f fairness.
C．T share an inspiring stry f a friend.
D．T prve that fairness is a state f mind.
70．What des the underlined wrd “abund” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Change fully.
B．Remain the same.
C．Exist in numbers.
D．Disappear cmpletely.
71．What pinin may the writer agree with?
A．Mst f us can affect the results we achieve.
B．Our backgrund determines ur chices.
C．Peple’s desire and determinatin create unfairness.
D．We shuld depend n fairness t slve all prblems.
72．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Fairness Is Justice
B．Life Is Nt Fair—Deal with It
C．Fairness Cmes First
D．Cry fr Fairness
【答案】69．A 70．C 71．A 72．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者讨论了公平问题，阐述了人生没有绝对的公平，但要勇敢面对不公平的道理。
69．推理判断题。 通读全文，尤其根据第三段中“Regardless f the challenges they faced, they had the character t chse cntributin ver cmplaint.(不管他们面临怎样的挑战，他们都有选择贡献而不是抱怨。)”可知，文章的主要目的是要告诉人们要努力进取而不是抱怨。故选A。
70．词句猜测题。 划线词句前文“We have little chice early in life.(我们在生命的早期几乎没有选择。)”说明人生的初期没有选择，相对而言，人生的后期就有了选择，从而推知划线词所在句“But as we grw lder, chices abund. (但随着年龄的增长，我们的选择abund)”中划线词应为“有了（选择），有更多（的选择）”的意思，和C选项“Exist in numbers.(大量存在)”，故选C。
71．推理判断题。 根据第二段中“I have lng believed that while we have n cntrl ver the beginning f ur life, the majrity f us have the ability t influence the utcmes we attain.(我一直相信，虽然我们无法控制生命的开始，但我们大多数人都有能力影响我们所获得的结果。)”可知，作者认为我们大多数人都能影响我们所取得的结果。故选A。
72．主旨大意题。 通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“It desn’t matter whether yu are brn with a silver spn, plastic spn, r n spn at all.(无论你是出生在银汤匙、塑料汤匙还是根本没有勺子的家庭，这都无关紧要。)”以及“Stries such as this are all arund us—they are nt miracles, nr are they the rare exceptin. They d, hwever, demnstrate blindness t the mindset f the fairness.(这样的故事在我们身边随处可见——它们不是奇迹，也不是罕见的例外。然而，他们却确实证明了他们对公平思维模式的无视。)”等内容可知，本文用身边的事例阐述了人生中没有绝对的公平，但我们要勇敢面对不公平的道理，因此最好的题目是B选项“Life Is Nt Fair—Deal with It(生活是不公平的——面对它)”，故选B。
19.（2023·广东佛山·高三校联考阶段练习）
N mre wet twels n the bathrm flr, and n mre empty juice plastic bxes. N mre drs clsing at 3 a.m., and n mre cming hme t a nisy crwd f strangers arund the kitchen table. There’s nthing s quiet, says a friend whse yungest has just mved ut.
But if adjusting t an empty nest can be tugh, it seems there is ne thing tugher: a frmerly empty nest that suddenly fills back up again. Accrding t a research frm the Lndn Schl f Ecnmics (LSE), parents whse grwn up children dn’t actually manage t leave — wh mve ut, nly t bunce right back again — are actually less happy than thse whse fledglings (幼鸟) heartlessly fly ff withut a backward glance. The quality f life fr parents f bmerang kids fell n average by abut 0.8 pints n the LSE researchers’ scale.
A quarter f yung British adults nw live with their parents, mre than at any time since recrds began in1966. But mre shckingly, this is n lnger just abut the yung. Arund a quarter f a millin peple aged between 35 and 44 still live at hme with their parents and the idea that that can all be blamed n helicpter parents making it t easy fr their little darlings nt t grw up isn’t lgical. Midlife divrce, insecure gig ecnmy wrk and straightfrward pverty all play their part in driving what were nce perfectly functining grwn-ups back t their teenage bedrms.
These kids are admittedly luckier than thse fr whm ging back hme is sadly nt an ptin. But when chsing t live with yur mum is the nly way f cping with an insecure jb, r with the csts f renting in the city, then that’s nt much f a chice. Hme is still the place where, when yu have t g there, they have t take yu in. But a healthy and successful sciety shuldn’t be sending quite many vergrwn children hurrying back fr shelter, and nr shuld it leave quite many parents feeling bad abut it.
73．What can we knw frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Mre yungsters are leaving their parents.B．The quality f life fr thse parents is declining.
C．Parents expect their children t live tgether.D．Adults dislike returning t their riginal hme.
74．Why d these bmerang kids circle back hme?
A．T avid their life pressure.B．T accmpany elderly parents.
C．T recall their childhd memry.D．T help parents adapt t the empty nest.
75．What is the authr’s attitude t this trend?
A．Favrable.B．Cnfused.C．Tlerant.D．Disapprving.
76．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Is the nest really empty?B．Des the empty nest matter?
C．What cncerns grwn- ups?D．Hw d parents help their kids?
【答案】73．B 74．A 75．D 76．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者针对英国日益增多的成年人回到父母身边啃老的社会问题发表了自己的看法，并分析了问题产生的原因。
73．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But if adjusting t an empty nest can be tugh, it seems there is ne thing tugher: a frmerly empty nest that suddenly fills back up again.(但如果说适应空巢是件艰难的事，那么似乎还有一件事更艰难：一个曾经空空如也的巢突然又挤满了。)”和“The quality f life fr parents f bmerang kids fell n average by abut 0.8 pints n the LSE researchers’ scale.(在伦敦经济学院研究人员的量表中，“啃老族”孩子的父母的生活质量平均下降了0.8个百分点。)”可知，这些父母的生活质量正在下降。故选B项。
74．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Midlife divrce, insecure gig ecnmy wrk and straightfrward pverty all play their part in driving what were nce perfectly functining grwn-ups back t their teenage bedrms.(中年离婚、没有安全感的零工经济工作以及赤裸裸的贫困，都在驱使曾经功能完美的成年人回到青少年时期的卧室。)”可知，各种来自生活的压力迫使成年人回家啃老。故选A项。
75．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But when chsing t live with yur mum is the nly way f cping with an insecure jb, r with the csts f renting in the city, then that’s nt much f a chice. Hme is still the place where, when yu have t g there, they have t take yu in. But a healthy and successful sciety shuldn’t be sending quite many vergrwn children hurrying back fr shelter, and nr shuld it leave quite many parents feeling bad abut it.(但是，当选择和妈妈住在一起是应对不稳定的工作或城市租金的唯一方法时，这就不是什么好选择了。家仍然是一个地方，当你必须去那里时，他们必须接纳你。但是一个健康和成功的社会不应该让那么多年龄过大的孩子匆忙赶回家寻求庇护，也不应该让那么多父母为此感到难过。)”可推知，作者不赞成这种趋势。故选D项。
76．主旨大意题。通读全文，本文针对英国日益增多的成年人回到父母身边啃老的社会问题发表了自己的看法，并分析了问题产生的原因。A项“Is the nest really empty?(巢真的是空的吗？)”引发人们对成年人返巢现象的思考，是文章最佳标题。故选A项。
20.（2023·高三重庆巴蜀中学校考练习）
The cnventinal wisdm abut insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures whse behavir is entirely hardwired (天生的). But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising discveries abut insect minds. Sme species f wasps (黄蜂) recgnize their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive scial skills. Fr example, they can infer the fighting strengths f ther wasps relative t their wn just by watching ther wasps fight amng themselves.
Given the substantial wrk n the cmplexity f insect cgnitin (认知), it might seem surprising that it tk scientists s lng t ask whether, if they are that smart, culd als be sentient, capable f feeling. Since we have n direct windw int the inner wrld f an animal that cannt verbally cmmunicate its thughts and feelings, the questin f whether insects are sentient remained academic.
15 years ag, I perfrmed an experiment in which we asked whether bumblebees culd learn abut t hreat frm their natural enemies. We built a plastic spider mdel with a mechanism that wuld briefly trap a bumblebee between tw spnges befre releasing it. The bumblebees shwed a significant change in their behavir after being attacked by the rbtic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learned t avid flwers with spiders and meticulusly scanned every flwer befre landing. Curiusly, hwever, they sme times even fled frm imaginary threats, scanning and then abandning a perfectly safe, spider-free flwer. Althugh this incidental bservatin did nt cnstitute frmal ev idence f an emtinlike state, it did pen the dr t the idea that such states might exist in insects.
Sme research suggested that insects might have psitive states f mind. Researchers discvered that bees actively seek ut drugs such as nictin e and caffein e when given the chice and even treat themselves with nictin e when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being rbbed f mating pprtunities prefer fd cntaining alchl, and bees even shw withdrawal symptms when remved frm an alchl-rich diet.
Why wuld insects cnsume mind-altering substances if there isn't a mind t alter? But these suggestive hints f negative and psitive mind states still fell shrt f what was needed t demnstrate that insects are sentient.
77．What des the example f the wasps indicate?
A．Insects shw signs f intelligence.
B．Insects can d cmplex calculatins.
C．Insects can scialize in a skillful way.
D．Insects live in highly cmplex scieties.
78．What des the underlined wrd “meticulusly” in paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Hesitantly.B．Casually.C．Eagerly.D．Carefully.
79．What was unexpected abut the bumblebees’ behavir in the experiment?
A．They avided flwers with spiders.
B．They settled n flwers despite threats.
C．They might abandn spider-free flwers.
D．They might get scared away by ther insects.
80．What des the text mainly discuss?
A．What insects' varius behavir can reveal.
B．Hw insects cmmunicate their thughts.
C．What amazing pwers insects pssess.
D．Whether insects are capable f feeling.
【答案】77．A 78．D 79．C 80．D
【导语】本文为一篇议论文，文章探讨了昆虫是否也有感受。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Sme species f wasps recgnize their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive scial skills. Fr example, they can infer the fighting strengths f ther wasps relative t their wn just by watching ther wasps fight amng themselves.(有些种类的黄蜂能认出巢中同伴的脸，并获得令人印象深刻的社交技巧。例如，它们可以通过观察其他黄蜂之间的战斗来推断出其他黄蜂相对于自己的战斗力)”可知，作者用黄蜂举例是为了证明昆虫有判断力，有智力的迹象。故选A项。
2.词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“The bumblebees shwed a significant change in their behavir after being attacked by the rbtic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learned t avid flwers with spiders(在被机器蜘蛛攻击后，大黄蜂的行为发生了重大变化。不出所料，它们学会了避开有蜘蛛的花朵)”及“scanned every flwer befre landing(着陆前扫描了每一朵花)”可知，在遭到蜘蛛机器人的攻击之后，大黄蜂们学会了避开满是蜘蛛的花朵，并且在停歇之前会仔细地查看每一朵花。 meticulusly与carefully同义，为“仔细地、小心地”。故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Curiusly, hwever, they smetimes even fled frm imaginary threats, scanning and then abandning a perfectly safe, spider-free flwer.(然而，奇怪的是，它们有时甚至会逃离想象中的威胁，扫描并放弃一朵完全安全、没有蜘蛛的花)”可知，奇怪的是，大黄蜂们可能会放弃没有蜘蛛的花朵。故选C项。
4.主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Given the substantial wrk n the cmplexity f insect cgnitin, it might seem surprising that it tk scientists s lng t ask whether, if they are that smart, culd als be sentient, capable f feeling.(考虑到对昆虫认知复杂性的大量研究，科学家们花了这么长时间才提出这样的问题，如果它们真的那么聪明，它们是否也有知觉，能够感知，这似乎令人惊讶)”及全文内容可知，文章探讨了昆虫是否也有感受这个问题。故选D项。