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航空航天与科技创新话题练
名校精选练
1.（2023·四川成都·校联考三模）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s third aircraft carrier, the Fujian, has been launched. Having a displacement (排水量) f mre than 80,000 tns, the Fujian is the cuntry’s first carrier 1 (equip) with electrmagnetic catapults (弹射器) and arresting devices. It is believed t be 2 (significant) mre pwerful than the cuntry’s first tw aircraft carriers.
Frm a technlgy develpment pint f view, China shuld aim fr wrld-class equipment 3 can defend itself and safeguard peace. It shuld als have mre aircraft carriers. While the US has 11 aircraft carriers, China will nt have an 4 (arm) race in terms f aircraft carriers with the US. China will develp aircraft carriers 5 its wn prper pace.
China’s develpment and imprvement f weapns and equipment are nt aimed at any cuntry r specific target, and will nt pse 6 threat t any cuntry r regin, as they nly serve the purpse f safeguarding natinal svereignty (主权), 7 (secure) and develpment interests. Histry 8 (prve) and will cntinue t prve that China is a cnstructr f wrld peace and a cntributr t glbal develpment, a prtectr f internatinal rder and a prvider f public gds.
If China is t build anther aircraft carrier, it wuld likely be based n the design f the Fujian. A 100,000 tn-class, nuclear-pwered aircraft carrier like thse f the US wuld be mre pwerful, but als mre expensive, s a chice must be made 9 (regard) whether 10 (have) mre but inexpensive carriers, r have less but expensive nes.
2.（2023·云南·高三昆明一中校联考阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
T make air travel mre accessible, Delta has develped a new cnvertible (可转换的) seat that allws individuals 11 (remain) in their wn wheelchairs while n bard flights. The new design 12 (launch) last week at the Aircraft Interirs Exp in Hamburg, Germany.
As it’s nt ccupied by a wheelchair user, the device 13 (functin) as a standard airplane seat. Crew members are then able t fld it up and make rm fr a wheelchair, 14 can be dcked securely in place.
The tray table is 15 (adjust), s that passengers 16 (seat) at different heights are able t use it. The headrest als remains in place fr cmfrt. 17 , start t finish, the cnversin prcess takes rughly 90 secnds. It’s designed t be included int existing seating systems, withut 18 (require) any majr structural changes. The design team hpes t eventually see the cnvertible chairs installed n every plane.
“An innvatin like this prvides thse with reduced mbility a safe and cmfrtable way t travel and remain in their wn pwer wheelchair,” says Chris Wd, funder f Flying Disabled, in a statement. “It has taken a 19 (true) jint effrt t develp this seat, and we believe this prduct prvides 20 best pssible slutin fr all parties.”
3.（2023·广东河源·高三阶段练习）
仔细阅读下列短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An Ethipian Airlines jet has crashed shrtly after 21 (take) ff frm Addis Ababa, killing all n bard.
Eight crew members, and 149 passengers, frm mre than 30 cuntries, including eight Chinese, 22 (be) n flight ET302 frm the Ethipian capital t Nairbi in Kenya. The plane 23 (put) t use n Nvember 15 last year. Anther plane f 24 same mdel was invlved in a crash less than five mnths ag, 25 a Lin Air flight crashed int the sea near Indnesia with nearly 190 peple n bard.
The cause f the disaster is 26 (clear). Hwever, it is said that the pilt had reprted difficulties and had asked 27 (return) t Addis Ababa. An eyewitness at the scene tld the BBC there-was an intense fire as the aircraft hit the grund. “The blast and the fire were s strng that we culdn’t get near 28 ” he said. “Everything is burnt dwn.”
Ethipia bas declared Mnday a natinal day f murning(哀悼). Canadian Premier Minster Justin Trudeau said he was 29 (deep) sad t hear f the crash, adding: “We jin the internatinal cmmunity in murning the lss f s many 30 (life).”
4.（2023·重庆·高三重庆市育才中学校考）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China witnessed its third aircraft carrier n June 17 in Shanghai, naming it 31 the eastern castal prvince f Fujian.
Upn its 32 (cmplete), the giant ship will displace (排水) mre than 80,000 metric tns f water, 33 (make) it the largest and mightiest warship any Asian natin has ever built. It will use 34 new system t launch fixed-wing aircraft, which will give it a much greater cmbat (作战) capability 35 the tw predecessrs (前任), the Lianing and the Shandng.
The carrier, in the next phase, will underg a series f trials t 36 (cmprehensive) test its verall capabilities and specific equipment. Its hme prt will be decided 37 (base) n a hst f factrs, including the natin’s 38 (secure) needs, the ship’s tasks and candidate prts’ supprt capacity.
The PLA Navy currently perates tw carriers CNS Lianing and CNS Shandng, bth f 39 have a displacement f arund 50, 000 tns and use a ski jump mde fr launching fixed wing aircraft. Cmpared with the tw predecessrs, the Fujian is much bigger and heavier. In additin t the J-15 fighter jet, the new carrier 40 (expect) t have new advanced cmbat planes r drnes.
5.（2023·浙江·高三杭州市长河高级中学校联考开学考试）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Sunday, the Cmmercial Aircraft Crpratin f China annunced that the C919 aircraft 41 (cmplete) all six test flights. Many might nt understand it, 42 test flights are n rdinary things in the life f a new aircraft mdel.
Test flights are mre abut 43 (judge) the aircraft's safety and reliability. Nw, 44 the C919 in place, dmestic airlines can stp wrrying abut a supply crisis.
Hwever, there is rm fr cnstant 45 (imprve), as sme parts f the C919 46 (imprt) frm the West. Even 47 Changjiang-1000A engine, a dmestic alternative, 48 (have) many imprted parts. It is therefre necessary fr the dmestic manufacturers t wrk harder t 49 (cnstant) raise the prprtin f dmestic parts in the C919.
That will, in turn, help China's aircraft-manufacturing industry t g glbal. S far, the CACC has reprtedly received abut 1,000 50 (rder) fr the C919, with the majrity f thse cming frm dmestic airlines. With its imprved perfrmance and better technlgy, mre internatinal rders will cme in the future.
6.（2023·广东·高三广州市第一中学校联考阶段练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When China’s first astrnaut Yang Liwei blasted ff int space in 2003, it was a histry- making mment that declared his cuntry’s arrival 51 an emerging space pwer.
S far, China 52 (becme) a majr presence in space. It nw has its wn permanent utpst in rbit—a 53 (full) peratinal space statin-and rutinely rtates (轮值) crews t live and wrk there.
On Thursday, three Chinese astrnauts lifted ff n the Shenzhu-17 spacecraft frm the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center deep in the Gbi Desert, 54 (head) fr the Tiangng space statin fr a six-mnth stay.
They are the 55 (yung) crew China has ever sent t space—with 56 average age f 38. Amng their tasks n bard is t repair the slar panels which 57 (destry) by space debris years ag—the first time Chinese astrnauts will carry ut repair wrk utside the statin.
This is China’s sixth manned missin t its space statin since 2021. The new crew will take ver frm the Shenzhu-16 astrnauts, 58 have been n bard since May.
59 (cmplete) late last year, the Tiangng—r “heavenly palace” in Chinese—is ne f the tw space 60 (statin) currently in rbit. With a lifespan f 15 years, it culd becme the nly ne left when the NASA-led Internatinal Space Statin(ISS) retires in 2030.
7.（2023·河北张家口·校联考练习）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhu-16 crew 61 (cnsist) f three Chinese astrnauts returned t Earth safely n Tuesday, after cmpleting a five-mnth space statin missin.
Shenzhu-16’s return capsule, carrying astrnauts Jing Haipeng, Zhu Yangzhu and Gui Haicha, 62 (tuch) dwn at the Dngfeng landing site in nrth China’s Inner Mnglia Autnmus Regin at 8:11 a. m. (Beijing Time), and the crew had all left the return capsule by 9:10 a. m., accrding t the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA).
The Shenzhu-16 astrnauts are 63 gd health and the Shenzhu-16 manned missin prved a success, while als marking that all three kinds f astrnauts currently available in China, namely spacecraft pilt, spaceflight engineer and paylad (有效载荷) expert, had cmpleted 64 (they) flight assessments and practical tests, the CMSA said.
This missin has laid 65 gd fundatin fr the subsequent develpment and cnstructin f the crewed spaceflight prgram and large-scale apace science experiments, the CMSA added.
“I am very excited at this mment as we have finally cme back hme and returned t ur mtherland,” said Jing, the missin cmmander and the first Chinese astrnaut 66 (cmplete) fur space missins, which amunted t ver 200 days. “During ur missin, the crew lived a happy life and wrked 67 (efficient). All peratins were carried ut withut any mistakes,” said Jing while 68 (sit) n a chair in frnt f the capsule.
China launched the manned spaceship Shenzhu-16 n May 30, 2023. It was the first crewed missin f the 69 (apply) and develpment stage f China’s space statin. Its crew, wh remained in rbit fr 154 days, carried ut a ttal f 70 space experiments, perfrmed a space walk, 70 delivered a lecture frm the space statin.
8.（2023·全国·模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China made public recently specific designs fr its manned lunar missin, which 71 (schedule) t be achieved befre the end f this decade. The plan is t launch tw Lng March 10 carrier rckets frm the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in Hainan Prvince t transprt a lunar landing mdule (舱) and 72 manned spacecraft t lunar rbit. When 73 (land) n the mn, the astrnauts will drive a rver (探月车) t carry ut scientific tasks and cllect samples.
74 (design) and engineers are develping the Lng March 10 carrier rcket t achieve this gal. The manned spacecraft fr the missin is als 75 the middle f its research and develpment stage. In the lng term, China intends t cnstruct a lunar scientific utpst t cnduct extended explratins and technlgy demnstratin peratins.
The mn is the 76 (near) extraterrestrial bdy (地外天体) that humans can reach 77 (base) n current technlgies. Manned missins t the mn will be a realistic 78 practical step t start with fr expanding ur explratin f deep space. Meanwhile, it is 79 (scientific) meaningful fr us t cntinue t explre the mn. That is 80 it will help scientists better understand the rigin and the evlutin f the slar system as well as the cmpsitin f planets.
9.（2023·山西太原·高三山西大附中校考）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的词(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Shenzhu-13 return capsule, carrying the three Chinese astrnauts, Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu, 81 (safe) landed back n Earth n Saturday mrning, breaking a recrd f six-mnth missin in space. China declared the Shenzhu-13 missin was 82 cmplete success after the medical team waiting n site cnfirmed that all three astrnauts were 83 gd health.
Zhai, the cmmander f the missin, was the first 84 (cme) ut f the capsule, waving his hand t the cheering crwd n site with a big smile. He said he felt very gd. He 85 (fllw) by Wang, the first female Chinese astrnaut wh had entered China’s space statin. “I want t tell my daughter, mm returned after reaching fr the stars,” she said. Ye 86 (exit) last frm the capsule.
“My first flight t space lasted six 87 (mnth), which was a challenge t me. My space dream came true,” he said.
During the six-mnth jurney in the space statin, the crew cnfirmed key technlgies fr the cnstructin f the space statin, 88 (include) in-rbit transpsitin f spacecraft and rbtic arm peratin f heavy lads. Besides 89 (science) missins, the crew als gave tw live science lectures frm the space statin, during 90 they cnducted varius experiments and answered questins frm students watching the class n Earth.
10.（2023·湖南岳阳·统考模拟预测）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s Mars rver (火星车) Zhurng is currently in safe mde as it waits ut a Martian dust strm and it may remain in safe mde until 91 end f 2022.
Zhurng landed n Mars a year ag; frm then n, the rver has recrded vide and audi frm the largest recgnized impact basin 92 (name) Utpia Planitia. Zhurng’s initial missin was just 90 days but since then the rver 93 (cntinue) t study the Martian surface and atmsphere. The rver was als frced int a safe mde in September 2021, when Earth-based space agencies brke ff cmmunicatin with the Martian spacecraft (航天器). Nw, the issue is with lcal extreme weather.
It has 94 (recent) becme winter in Utpia Planitia and the 95 (cnditin) are severe even withut the dust strm. The China Natinal Space Administratin (CNSA) said that the temperature 96 (different) between day and night n Mars is huge. Utpia Planitia’s strms can be deadly t the Martian spacecraft 97 rely n slar pwer; the strms can blck ut sunlight fr mnths. But Zhurng is expected 98 (handle) the nging strm with 99 (relate) ease. Meanwhile, CNSA’s Tianwen-1 Mars rbiter will cntinue t keep track 100 the Martian atmsphere fr any changes in the Red Planet’s weather.