专题01 高考阅读理解总括和做题步骤-2024年高考英语实用讲义之冲刺阅读理解高分

这是一份专题01 高考阅读理解总括和做题步骤-2024年高考英语实用讲义之冲刺阅读理解高分，共22页。试卷主要包含了积累词语等内容，欢迎下载使用。

\l _Tc9833 1.以意群为单位，成组视读 PAGEREF _Tc9833 2
\l _Tc11278 2.重视文章框架结构 PAGEREF _Tc11278 2
\l _Tc30404 3.积累词语。 PAGEREF _Tc30404 2
\l _Tc1758 二．高考阅读理解四项能力考查 PAGEREF _Tc1758 2
\l _Tc15440 三．阅读理解做题步骤 PAGEREF _Tc15440 3
\l _Tc1899 3.1读题干，划关键词 PAGEREF _Tc1899 3
\l _Tc19894 3.2读文章，做标记 PAGEREF _Tc19894 4
\l _Tc1589 3.2.1标记篇章主旨 PAGEREF _Tc1589 4
\l _Tc29704 3.2.2标记段落主旨 PAGEREF _Tc29704 10
\l _Tc30796 3.2.3标记常见7大答案出处点 PAGEREF _Tc30796 13
高考阅读注意事项
1.以意群为单位，成组视读
英语阅读不是一个词一个词的去默看，而是根据意群，一组组的进行扫视。英语中主要有三大意群：介词短语，从句，非谓语动词。尤其阅读长难句时，可以把意群用括号标出，然后就比较容易找到句子主干，从而能比较准确的理解句意方向。这是一种高超的阅读能力，非以一贯之的坚持和大量的阅读不能够习得。
2.重视文章框架结构
我们常有这样的情况：句子都能看懂，但读完文章印象却不深，这就牵涉到对文章框架结构的整体理解。如何学会对文章的整体理解呢？首先，要重视文章的标题和主旨大意。接着在往下阅读时特别注意每段的段意
3.积累词语。
高考阅读读词汇具有高频性和重复性。我们要坚持把阅读中的生词或者搭配短语抄到小本子上，每天有空时，就拿出这小本子背诵记忆。前期由于单词量比较大，难度会比较大，但是由于考点词汇的重复性，在后面的文章中我们会时不时接触，这样通过反复记忆，词汇量就增加得很快。
二．高考阅读理解四项能力考查
信息筛选能力——细节理解题
信息加工处理能力——推理判断题
信息归纳总结能力——主旨大意题
词汇猜测能力——词义猜测题
三．阅读理解做题步骤
3.1读题干，划关键词
关键词1：5W1H人物/ 地点/ 时间/ 机构/ 组织 /大写字母/数字
1.Prfessr Jhn Beath’s lectures are .
2.Why did Henry Frd take part in the 1901 car race?
3.Lndn has becme the secnd mst expensive city because f __
4.Which f the fllwing is true f Wingspan Arts?
was created fr .
关键词2：敏感词（唯一信息）： 最高级/序数词/nly/unique/ special/main/ majr
1.Which f the fllwing is the mst imprtant fr the childcare jb?
2.What shuld yu cnsider first while sailing?
3.The hney guide is special in the way .
4.What is the main respnsibility f vlunteer managers?
关键词3：连词（逻辑关系）
1.Sphia wrte a letter t St Andrews University because she wanted
2.Accrding t the authr. we are mre creative when we are_____.
关键词4：具体意义的名词，动词，形容词【优选名词，动词，最好所有名词都找到，其次形副】
1.Which f the fllwing is true f cell phne users?
2. What shuld schls d t help the prblem schlbys?
3. What is imprtant fr successful small talk accrding t Carducci?
4. Hw shuld parents encurage their children t read mre?
5."Mther trees" are extremely imprtant because they .
6. Where des the supprt fr envirnmental prtectin mainly cme frm?
7. It’s widely believed that the stne blcks were mved t the pyramid site by ______.
3.2读文章，做标记
问：读文章，读什么？
答：读主旨（篇章主旨和段落主旨）；读细节（抓关键细节点）。
问：做标记，在哪里做？
答：标记篇章主旨句；标记段落主旨句；标记常见答案出处关键细节点。
3.2.1标记篇章主旨
任何文章都会有自己的主旨要义，即文章的主题，是否能够把握住文章的主题是理解一篇文章的关键。因此，出题人为了考查学生对文章的理解程度，必然会以各种方式考查文章的主题。
1）篇章主题句位置总括：
首段首句型：主题句→具体的陈述(信号词，如fr example, an example f; first, secnd, next, last, finally; t begin with, als, besides; ne, the ther; sme, thers等。)
首段尾句型：开头列举事实→主题句（信号词。如s，therefre，thus，cnsequently; in cnclusin，in shrt; in a wrd, t sum up）
中段型：有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现。归纳起来主要有两种情况：先提出问题，然后给予回答(主题句)，最后给予解释;或者，先提出问题，然后点出主题思想(主题句)，最后给予解释。
尾段型：尾段总结概括（信号词s, therefr, thus, in shrt , as a result, that is why）
首尾呼应型：主题句在段落的开头和结尾两个位置上先后出现，形成前呼后应的格局。这两个主题句叙说的是同一个内容，但用词不尽相同，这样不但强调了主题思想，而且显得灵活多变。这两个句子并非简单重复，后一个主题句或对该主题作最后的评述，或对要点作一概括，或使之引申留给读者去思考。
无明确主题句型：各段中心句总结相加法或者语文总结中心思想法。
2）体裁：议论文，科普说明文，应用文（广告指南，新闻，通知）
文章主旨都出现在比较明显的位置，可以将之归纳为一目了然型。标记方法【3+1法则】。即通过文章的【标题、首段、尾段】及【高频词】。
说明文（intrductin—descriptin（example/cmparisn/classificatin）—cnclusin）要求先明确文章的说明对象
议论文（pinin—arguments（facts/examples/thery）—cnclusin）要明确作者的观点和意图,能读懂最好,读不懂就看题,回文中找相关句子,看选项和文中的句子是否大体符合,推荐用排除法.
3）体裁：故事类记叙文（理解故事的含义和它想说明的道理）和传记类文章（时间是全文的关键）
1. 看首段：故事开始前作者对后文有一些概括性的描述
2. 尾段完整概括: 通过对文章的整个内容的概括, 进行主旨题的思考
3. 常见故事类记叙文主旨：1.故事升华到真善美哲理 2.分享一个经历 3.娱乐
【典例分析】
1
1. T much TV-watching can harm children’s ability t learn and even reduce their chances f getting a cllege degree, new studies suggest in the latest effrt t examine the effects f televisin n children.
2. One f the studies lked at nearly 400 nrthern Califrnia third-graders. Thse with TVs in their bedrms scred abut eight pints lwer n math and language arts tests than children withut bedrms TVs.
3. A secnd study, lking at nearly 1,000 grwn-ups in New Zealand, fund lwer educatin levels amng 26-year-lds wh had watched lts f TV during childhd. But the results dn’t prve that TV is the cause and dn’t rule ut that already prly mtivated yungsters(年轻人)may watch lts f TV.
4. Their study measured the TV habits f 26-year-lds between ages 5 and 15. Thse with cllege degrees had watched an average f less than tw hurs f TV per weeknight during childhd, cmpared with an average f mre than 2½ hurs fr thse wh had n educatin beynd high schl.
5. In the Califrnia study, children with TVs in their rms but n cmputer at hme scred the lwest, while thse with n bedrm TV but wh had hme cmputers scred the highest.
6. While this study des nt prve that bedrm TV sets caused the lwer scres, it adds t accumulating findings that children shuldn’t have TVs in their bedrms.
What wuld be the best title fr this text?
A. Cmputers r Televisin. B. Effects f Televisin n Children.
C. Studies n TV and Cllege Educatin. D. Televisin and Children’s Learning Habits.
2
1. When students and parents are asked t rate subjects accrding t their imprtance, the arts are unavidably at the bttm f the list. Music is nice, peple seem t say, but nt imprtant. T ften it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly nt an educatin pririty(优先). This view is shrtsighted. In fact, music educatin is beneficial and imprtant fr all students.
2. Music tells us wh we are. Because music is an expressin f the beings wh create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well ad the scial envirnment it came influence that Gerge Gershwin and ther musicians intrduced int their music is bviusly American because it came frm American musical traditins. Music expresses ur character and values. It gives us identity as a sciety.
3.Music prvides a kind f perceptin(感知)that cannt be acquired any ther way. Science can explain hw the sun rises and sets. The arts explre the emtive(情感的)meaning f the same phenmenn. We need every pssible way t discver and respnd t ur wrld fr ne simple but pwerful reasn: N ne way can get it all.
4. The arts are frms f thught as pwerful in what they cmmunicate as mathematical and scientific symbls. They are ways we human beings “talk” t each ther. They are the language f civilizatin thrugh which we express ur fears, ur curisities, ur hungers, ur discveries, ur hpes. The arts are ways we give frm t ur ideas and imaginatin s that they can be shared with thers. When we d nt give children access t an imprtant way f expressing themselves such as music, we take away frm them the meanings that music expresses.
5. Science and technlgy d nt tell us what it means t be human. The arts d. Music is an imprtant way we express human suffering, celebratin, the meaning and value f peace and lve.
6. S music educatin is far mre necessary than peple seem t realize.
What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Music educatin deserves mre attentin.
B. Music shuld be f tp educatin pririty.
C. Music is an effective cmmunicatin tl.
D. Music educatin makes students mre imaginative.
3
1.Grwn-ups are ften surprised by hw well they remember smething they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man wh has nt had a chance t g swimming fr years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get n a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his sn. A mther wh has nt thught abut the wrds fr years can teach her daughter the pem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" r remember the stry f Cinderella r Gldilcks and the Three Bears.
2.One explanatin is the law f verlearning, which can be stated as fllws: Once we have learned smething, additinal learning trials increase the length f time we will remember it.
3.In childhd we usually cntinue t practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball lng after we have learned them. We cntinue t listen t and remind urselves f wrds such as "Twinkle, twinkle, little star" and childhd tales such as Cinderella and Gldilcks. We nt nly learn but verlearn.
4.The multiplicatin tables (乘法口诀表) are an exceptin t the general rule that we frget rather quickly the things that we learn in schl, because they are anther f the things we verlearn in childhd.
5.The law f verlearning explains why cramming (突击学习) fr an examinatin, thugh it may result in a passing grade, is nt a satisfactry way t learn a cllege curse. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enugh t get by n the examinatin, but he is likely sn t frget almst everything he learned. A little verlearning, n the ther hand, is really necessary fr ne's future develpment.
4
1.Ging green seems t be fad(时尚)fr a lt f peple these days. Whether that is gd r bad, we can’t really say, but fr the tw f us, ging green is nt a fad but a lifestyle.
2.On April22, 2011, we decided t g green every single day fr an entire year. This meant ding 365 different green things, and it als meant challenging urselves t g green beynd easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce ur energy, we had t think f 365 different green things t d and this was n easy task.
3.With the idea f ging green every single day fr a year, Our Green Year started. My life and I decided t educate peple abut hw they culd g green in their lives and hped we culd shw peple all the green things that culd be dne t help the envirnment. We wanted t push the message that every little bit helps.
4.Over the curse f Our Green Year, we cmpletely changed ur lifestyle. We nw shp at rganic(有机的)stres. We cnsume less meat, chsing green fd. We have greatly reduced ur buying we dn’t need. We have given away half f what we wned thrugh websites. Our hme is kept clean by vinegar and lemn juice, with n chemical cleaners. We make ur wn butter, enjying the smell f hme-made fresh bread. In ur hme ffice anyne caught ding smething ungreen might be punished.
6.Our minds have been changed by Our Green Year. We are grateful fr the chance t have been able t g green and educate thers. We believe that we d have the pwer t change things and help ur planet.
What might be the best title fr the passage?
A. Ging Green.B. Prtecting the Planet.
C. Keeping Open-MindedD. Celebrating Our Green Year.
5
1.Arriving in Sydney n his wn frm India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a htel fr a shrt time while lking fr a shrt time while lking fr a huse fr me and ur children.
2.During the first week f his stay, he went ut ne day t d sme shpping. He came back in the late afternn t discver that his suitcase was gne. He was extremely wrried as the suitcase had all his imprtant papers, including his passprt.
3.He reprted the case t the plice and then sat there, lst and lnely in strange city, thinking f the terrible trubles f getting all the paperwrk rganized again frm a distant cuntry while trying t settle dwn in a new ne.
4.Late in the evening, the phne rang. It was a stranger. He was trying t prnunce my husband’s name and was asking him a lt f questins. Then he said they had fund a pile f papers in their trash can(垃圾桶) that had been left ut n the ftpath.
5.My husband rushed t their hme t find a kind family hlding all his papers and dcuments. Their yung daughter had gne t the trash can and fund a pile f unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully srted them ut, althugh they had fund mainly freign addresses n mst f the dcuments. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephne number t a friend.
6.That family nt nly restred the imprtant dcuments t us that day but als restred ur faith and trust in peple. We still remember their kindness and ften send a warm wish their way.
Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Frm India t Australia. B. Living in a New Cuntry.
C. Turning Trash t Treasure. D. In Search f New Friends..
6
1.Children f all ages gathered in New Yrk City recently fr the Internatinal Ty pair. Hidden amng already ppular tys were new, high-tech educatinal prducts. Tymakers are wrking t create these prducts fr imprving a child’s emtinal intelligence.
2.Cmpanies shwed ff their prducts last week at New Yrk’s Jacb Javitz Cnventin Center.
3.PleIQ is a set f plastic ty blcks. It uses visual reality technlgy t teach wrds, numbers and ther things, Edisn Durán directs the cmpany that makes PleIQ. She shwed peple at the ty fair hw virtual images appear n the blcks when they are held in frnt f a tablet camera, PleIQ has children act as teacher r guide t a cmpanin character.
4.On the ther side f the cnventin center, Karen Hu frm anther cmpany demnstrated an educatinal rbt called Wb. The rbt cmes prgrammed with educatinal games and activities. Children use its tuch screen face t get them started. Hu described hw the rbt can help a child wh has autism (自闭症). “The child can cmmunicate with Wb and fllw sme f the instructins Wb is giving because he thinks f this as a cmpanin instead f a parent r smene else telling him t certain things.”
5.At the EQtainment stand，sales directr Jnathan Ericksn explained the cmpany’s tys. “The purpse f all f ur prducts is t develp emtinal and scial intelligence” he said Ericksn shwed ff a bard game called “Q’s Race t the Tp”. He said the game gt his 4-year-ld daughter t pen up. “The biggest thing is her talking. And that’s the key f all this—getting her feelings expressed ut. Like, ‘Hey, what des it feel like t be sad? Or hw des it feel like t be happy?’”
6.It remains t be seen whether a game r ty can imprve emtinal intelligence. But tymakers are ding what they can t help parents in their effrts t raise well-runded children.
What is the best title f the text?
A. Tys help t build emtinal intelligence
B. Educatinal tys sell well in the Ty Fair
C. Tymakers are making prfits in educatin
D. Children celebrate the Internatinal Ty Fair
3.2.2标记段落主旨
【段落首句、段落尾句具有概括性和深刻性的段落主题句】及【高频词】。
1）第一句是中心句：即第一句是中心，然后围绕这一主题作具体的陈述。如果从第二句就开始对第一句进行说明，论述或描述，那第一句就是主题句。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显引出细节的信号词，如fr example, an example f; first, secnd, next, last, finally; t begin with, als, besides; ne, the ther; sme, thers等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。
2）第二句是中心句：第一句是过渡句。第二句与第一句存在转折关系（but, hwever, yet, in fact）或者递进关系（mrever, after all, indeed）
3）句尾是中心句：有些文章会在开头列举事实, 然后通过论证阐述作者的核心论点。因此，如果第一句话不是概括性的或综合性的话，最好快速读一读段落的最后一个句子，看看它是否具备主题句的特征。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚或不易被人接受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。学生可以充分利用引出结论的信号词。如s，s that, therefre，thus，cnsequently; in cnclusin，in shrt; in a wrd, t sum up；all in all; generally等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。
4）没有明显的中心句：充分发挥语文总结中心思想能力，能用最简洁的一两个词概括总结出段落主旨大意。
【典例分析】
1
A study reprted last fall suggests that having a pet dg nt nly raises yur spirits but may als have an effect n yur eating habits. Researchers at Nrthwestern Memrial Hspital spent a year studying 36 fat peple and their equally fat dgs n diet-and-exercise prgrams; a separate grup f 56 peple withut pets were put n a diet prgram. On average, peple lst abut I1 punds, r 5% f their bdy weight. Their dgs did even better, lsing an average f 12 punds, mre than 15% f their bdy weight. Dg wners didn’t lse any mre weight than thse withut dgs but, say researchers, gt mre exercise verall — mstly with their dgs — and fund it wrth ding.
2
My daughter went t see The Wild One recently and she cmmented that Marln Brand was wearing jeans s lng ag. Of curse, he helped set the trend, s that gt me thinking abut the link between films and trends in fashin. Fashin and films have gne hand in hand fr lng. The Wild One is a gd example: it appeared in 1954, starring Brand. Dressed in a black leather mtrcycle jacket, leather cap and jeans, he created a lk which is still cnsidered “cl” tday. Everyne frm Madnna t middle-aged men is seen wearing the classic leather mtrcycle jacket.
3
Three Square Market says the chip cannt track the emplyees. The cmpany says scanners can read the chips nly when they are within a few inches f them. “The chips prtect against identity theft, similar t credit cards.” The U.S. Fd and Drug Administratin apprved the chips back in 2004, s they shuld be safe fr humans, accrding t the cmpany.
4
If the cell phne has truly had these effects, it's because it has becme very widespread. Cnsider that in 1987, there were nly 1 millin cell phnes in use. Tday, smething like 300 millin Americans carry them. They far utnumber wired phnes in the United States.
5
Althugh still quite yung, grime seems t be getting favred by mre and mre peple. In 2016, the English grime artist Skepta wn the Mercury Prize with his album Knnichiwa, beating big names like David Bwie and Radihead. Hwever, n matter whether grime is ne day accepted by the mainstream music wrld r nt, ne thing is fr sure: in grime, singers always stay true t themselves.
6
The market, which was funded in 1979, sets up its tents every Saturday frm 7 a.m. t 1 p.m., rain r shine, alng Nrth Lemn and State streets. Baskets f perfect red strawberries; the red-painted sides f the Java Dawg cffee truck; and mst f all, the tmates: amazing, large, sft and rund red tmates.
7
The city’s “psychlgy cafes”, which ffer great cmfrt, are amng the mst ppular places. Middle-aged hmemakers, retirees, and the unemplyed cme t cafes t talk abut lve, anger, and dreams with a psychlgist. And they cme t Lehanne’s grup just t learn t say what they feel. “There’s a strng need in Paris fr cmmunicatin,” says Maurice Frisch, a café La Chpe regular wh wrks as a religius instructr in a nearby church. “Peple have few real friends. And they need t pen up.” Lehanne says she’d like t see psychlgy cafes all ver France. “If peple had nrmal lives, these cafes wuldn’t exist,” she says. “If life weren’t a battle, peple wuldn’t need a special place just t speak.” But then, it wuldn’t be France.
8
While husehld rbts tday d the nrmal husewrk, scial rbts will be much mre like cmpanins than mere tls. Fr example, these rbts will be able t distinguish when smene is happy r sad. This allws them t respnd mre apprpriately t the user.
9
Papa, as a sn f a dirt-pr farmer, left schl early and went t wrk in a factry, fr educatin was fr the rich then. S, the wrld became his schl. With great interest, he read everything he culd lay his hands n, listened t the twn elders and learned abut the wrld beynd his tiny hmetwn. "There's s much t learn," he'd say. "Thugh we're brn stupid, nly the stupid remain that way. " He was determined that nne f his children wuld be denied (拒绝) an educatin.
10
There’re a few things I learned while ding these 30-day challenges. The first was the time was much mre memrable. This was part f a challenge I did t take a picture every day. I als nticed that as I started t d mre and harder 30-day challenges, my self-recgnitin grew. I went frm a desk-dwelling nerd (电脑迷) t the kind f guy wh likes t wrk.
11
Fd prductin des great harm t ur envirnment. There are many prcedures invlved in the manufacture f fd that result in greenhuse gases and ther pllutants. Sme prcedures require the cnsumptin f large amunts f fssil fuels, such as the transprtatin and strage f fd prducts. Other factrs that cause great damage t ur envirnment include the veruse f fresh water.
3.2.3标记常见7大答案出处点
掌握高考阅读常见答案出处点，就能快速找到出题者要考的30%的有效信息。
第1点：从转折处找答案
作者常常会借用转折词引出某项重要的事实或观点，转折词之后的内容往往表达的是作者真实的写作目的、观点或态度。
阅读理解中常见的表示转折关系的连词或副词有hwever, but, yet, while, thugh, althugh等。另外，indeed, instead，in fact，tday, nw也常常用来表示前后语义的转折，另外有时副词suddenly, unfrtunately 也能提示前后语义转折。
【典例分析】
1
Helene An and her family wn a large restaurant business in Califrnia. Hwever, when Helene and her husband Danny left their hme in Vietnam in 1975, they didn't have much mney. They mved their family t San Francisc. There they jined Danny's mther, Diana, wh wned a small Italian sandwich shp. Sn afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shp int a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were yung. Hwever, Helene did nt want her daughters t always wrk in the family business because she thught it was t hard.
We can I earn frm Paragraph 2 that the An family ______.
A. started a business in 1975B. left Vietnam withut much mney
C. bught a restaurant in San FranciscD. pened a sandwich shp in Ls Angeles
2
The mre interactin the rbt has with humans, the mre it learns. But Oshbt, like ther scial rbts, is nt intended t replace wrkers, but t wrk alngside ther emplyees. “We have technlgies t train scial rbts t d things nt fr us, but with us,” said Breazeal.
We can learn frm the last paragraph that scial rbts will ______.
A. train emplyees B. be ur wrkmates
C. imprve technlgiesD. take the place f wrkers
第2点：从对比、比较处找答案
阅读文章中的对比常常表现为新老观点的对比、错误与正确观念的对比、新事物与旧事物的对比等，而比较则常常表现为两种或多种事物的优点、缺点、用途、功能、原理等特点的比较。这些对比或比较关系经常受到出题人的青睐。
阅读理解中常见的表示对比或比较关系的词或短语有while, whereas（然而）, than, like, same, just as, cmpared with, by cmparisn（相比之下）, by cntrast（相比之下）, either···r, nt nly···but als, bth···and, exceptin（例外）等。解题时要留意这些词或短语，并注意出现比较级、最高级的地方，另外要注意搞清对比或比较对象。
1
When we tuched dwn t blue skies and warm air, I sent up a small prayer f gratefulness. Swimming pls, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at nrmal evening hurs, nt 4 in the afternn) filled the weekend, but the best part—particularly t my taste, dulled by mnths f cld-weather rt vegetables—was a 7 a.m. adventure t the Sarasta farmers’ market that prved t be mre than wrth the early wake-up call.
What made the authr’s getting up late early wrthwhile?
A. Having a swim.B. Breathing in fresh air.
C. Walking in the mrning sun. D. Visiting a lcal farmers’ market.
2
T calculate just hw much mthers wuld earn frm that labur, it suggested sme f the rles that mums culd take n, including husekeeper, part-time lawyer, persnal trainer and entertainer. being a part-time lawyer, at ＄48.98 an hur, wuld prve t be the mst prfitable f the “mum jbs”, with psychlgist（心理学家）a clse secnd.
It als asked mthers abut the challenges they face, with 80 percent making emtinal（情感的） demand as the hardest thing abut mtherhd.
Over a third f mums felt they needed mre training and arund half said they missed ging ut with friends.
The study shws mthers matter all year lng and nt just n Mther’s Day. The emtinal, physical and mental energy mthers devte t their children can be never-ending, but children are als surces f great jy and happiness. Investing（投入）in time fr parenting and raising relatinships is mney well spent.
The biggest challenge fr mst mthers is frm .
A. emtinal demand B. lw pay fr wrk
C. heavy wrklad D. lack f training
3
Peple have lng puzzled ver hw the Egyptians mved such huge rcks. And here’s n bvius answer. On average, each f the tw millin big stnes weighed abut as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians smehw mved the stne blcks t the pyramid site frm abut ne kilmeter away.
The mst ppular view is that Egyptian wrkers slid the blcks alng smth paths. Many scientists suspect wrkers first wuld have put the blcks n sleds(滑板). Then they wuld have dragged them alng paths. T make the wrk easier, wrkers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay r with the fat frm cattle. Bnn has nw tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy bjects ver sand.
It’s widely believed that the stne blcks were mved t the pyramid site by ______.
A. rlling them n rads B. pushing them ver the sand
C. sliding them n smth paths D. dragging them n sme ples
4
West hasn’t tested his idea n larger blcks, but he thinks rlling has clear advantages ver sliding. At least, wrkers wuldn’t have needed t carry cattle fat r water t smth the paths.
Why is rlling better than sliding accrding t West?
A. Because mre frce is needed fr sliding.
B. Because rlling wrk can be dne by fewer cattle.
C. Because sliding n smth rad is mre dangerus.
D. Because less preparatin n path is needed fr rlling.
5
Cking Plicy
Students living in buildings that have kitchens are nly permitted t ck in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cking. This is nt the respnsibility f husekeeping staff. Kitchens that are nt kept clean may be clsed fr use. With the exceptin f using a small micrwave ven (微波炉) t heat fd, students are nt permitted t ck in their rms.
54．What d we knw abut the cking plicy？___
A．A micrwave ven can be used． B．Cking in student rms is permitted
C.A husekeeper is t clean up the kitchen D. Students are t clse kitchen drs after cking
6
While husehld rbts tday d the nrmal husewrk, scial rbts will be much mre like cmpanins than mere tls. Fr example, these rbts will be able t distinguish when smene is happy r sad. This allws them t respnd mre apprpriately t the user.
Hw are scial rbts different frm husehld rbts?
A. They can cntrl their emtins. B. They are mre like humans.
C. They d the nrmal husewrk. D. They respnd t users mre slwly
第3点：从并列、列举、举例处找答案
并列、列举处是指用First(ly)···Secnd(ly)···Third(ly)···Finally···; Nt nly···but als; In additin; Furthermre; Mrever; Abve all; On the ne hand···, n the ther hand···等表示顺承或并列关系的词语列举出的一系列并列的事实情况。并列处和列举处是考查事实细节的主要设题题眼。
为了使自己的观点更具说服力、更加明确，作者还经常会使用举例的方法来进行论证，常由as, such as, fr example, fr instance, take···as an example等引出，这些例子经常会成为出题人设题的焦点。
【典例分析】
1
Grup exercise is ne f the mst effective ways t imprve physical fitness and sustain a healthy lifestyle. Grup exercise is challenging, yet fun and empwering! Of curse everyne knws that exercise is gd fr the bdy. Hwever, studies have shwn that when exercise is perfrmed in grups, it's nt nly great fr imprving physical health but fr psychlgical health. It's an pprtunity t be scial, release endrphins(内啡肽), and imprve yur strength. Additinally, grup exercise creates a cmmunity feel and the shared cmmn gal mtivates participants t wrk hard. The instrumental supprt f taking n a fitness jurney with thers prves mre effective than ging t the gym alne.
The first paragraph fcuses n __________.
A. the greatest challenge f grup exercise
B. the mst effective way t imprve physical fitness
C. the cntributin f grup exercise t psychlgical health
D. the shared cmmn gal in perfrming exercise in grups
2
The Jib rbt, arranged t ship later this year, is designed t be a persnalized assistant. Yu can talk t the rbt, ask it questins, and make requests fr it t perfrm different tasks. The rbt desn’t just deliver general answers t questins; it respnds based n what it learns abut each individual in the husehld. It can d things such as reminding an elderly family member t take medicine r taking family phts.
What can a Jib rbt d accrding t Paragraph 3?
A. Cmmunicate with yu and perfrm peratins.
B. Answer yur questins and make requests.
C. Take yur family pictures and deliver milk.
D. Obey yur rders and remind yu t take pills.
第4点：从文章观点态度处找答案
文章中表达作者对于某人或某事物的观点或态度的地方、涉及其他人或组织结构的观点，态度，论断、陈述及其研究发现的地方也常受出题人青睐。解题时要留意文章中出现said ,argue（主张，认为）, suspect（怀疑是）, shw, find，suggest, accrding t, believe, imply（暗指；表明）cnclude, dubt, appreciate, hate, against, imprtant, beneficial等观点态度的词语的地方，以及一些有感情色彩的特殊句式（祈使句、感叹句、反问句等），来表达他人或组织机构的论
【典例分析】
1
Accrding t Sparrw, we are nt becming peple with pr memries as a result f the Internet. Instead, cmputer users are develping strnger transactive memries; that is, peple are learning hw t rganize huge quantities f infrmatin s that they are able t access it at a later date. This desn't mean we are becming either mre r less intelligent, but there is n dubt that the way we use memry is changing.
What is the effect f the Internet accrding t Sparrw's research?
A. We are using memry differently.
B. We are becming mre intelligent.
C. We have prer memries than befre.
D. We need a better way t access infrmatin.
2
If yu're serius abut wanting t live a healthy lifestyle, it's extremely imprtant t surrund yurself with peple wh'll prvide yu with the prper emtinal supprt. I wuldn't scld anyne fr deciding t party n weekends and in turn I wuldn't expect anyne t give ffence t me fr fcusing n my health. Surrund yurself with peple wh uplift, encurage and understand yu! Make fitness even mre fun by trying smething new r any grup fitness class, with a friend. Plan t g fr a jg tgether. Then try a fun healthy restaurant r fresh juice bar! Fitness can be bth fun and scial!
When it cmes t emtinal supprt, the authr thinks it necessary __________.
A. t sustain a clrful lifestyle
B. t party n weekends with psitive peple
C. t try a fun healthy restaurant regularly
D. t surrund yurself with supprtive peple
3
At the EQtainment stand，sales directr Jnathan Ericksn explained the cmpany’s tys. “The purpse f all f ur prducts is t develp emtinal and scial intelligence” he said Ericksn shwed ff a bard game called “Q’s Race t the Tp”. He said the game gt his 4-year-ld daughter t pen up. “The biggest thing is her talking. And that’s the key f all this—getting her feelings expressed ut. Like, ‘Hey, what des it feel like t be sad? Or hw des it feel like t be happy?’”
What des Jnathan Ericksn think f his tys?
A. They are quite easy t perate.B. They can teach children numbers.
C. They help kids express themselves well. D. They can shw their emtins clearly.
第5点：从因果关系处找答案
两个事件内在的因果关系常常成为出题人的设题点，一般来说，这种题有两种形式：给出原因推结果或是给出结果找原因。能够体现因果关系的词语包括连词because(since, as, fr，since), s等；副词thus, therefre, hence, accrdingly（因此；所以）, cnsequently等；另外，还包括动词以及短语cause，result in, result frm, lead t以及形容词与介词连用的短语due t和介宾短语as a result以及 ne f the reasns was……, The results are…等等。
【典例分析】
1
There are an extremely large number f ants wrldwide. Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weigh anything, but put tgether they weigh rughly the same as all f mankind. They als live nearly everywhere, except n frzen muntain tps and arund the ples. Fr animals their size, ants have been astnishingly successful, largely due t their wnderful scial behavir.
Which f the fllwing cntributes mst t the survival f ants?
A. Their behavir. B. Their size. C. Their number. D. Their weight-
2
Papa, as a sn f a dirt-pr farmer, left schl early and went t wrk in a factry, fr educatin was fr the rich then. S, the wrld became his schl. With great interest, he read everything he culd lay his hands n, listened t the twn elders and learned abut the wrld beynd his tiny hmetwn. "There's s much t learn," he'd say. "Thugh we're brn stupid, nly the stupid remain that way. " He was determined that nne f his children wuld be denied (拒绝) an educatin.
What d we knw frm the first paragraph?
A. The authr's father was brn in a wrker's family.
B. Thse brn stupid culd nt change their life.
C. The twn elders wanted t learn abut the wrld.
D. The pr culd hardly affrd schl educatin.
3
Their cheery sng brightens many a winter's day. But rbins are in danger f wearing themselves ut by singing t much. Rbins are singing all night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.
David Dminni, f Glasgw University, said that light frm street lamps, takeaway signs and hmes is affecting the birds' bilgical clck, leading t them being wide awake when they shuld be asleep.
Dr Dminni, wh is putting cameras inside nesting bxes t track sleeping patterns, said lack f sleep culd put the birds 'health at risk. His study shws that when rbins are expsed t light at night in the lab, it leads t sme genes being active at the wrng time f day. And the mre birds are expsed t light, the mre active they are at night.
Accrding t Dr Dminni's study, what causes rbins t sing s much?
A. The breeding seasn. B. The light in mdem
C. The dangerus envirnment.D. The nise frm heavy machinery.
4
Once when I was facing a decisin that invlved high risk, I went t a friend. He lked at me fr a mment, and then wrte a sentence cntaining the best advice I’ve ever had: Be bld and brave — and mighty (强大的) frces will cme t yur aid.
Thse wrds made me see clearly that when I had fallen shrt in the past, it was seldm because I had tried and failed. It was usually because I had let fear f failure stp me frm trying at all. On the ther hand, whenever I had plunged int deep water, frced by curage r circumstance, I had always been able t swim until I gt my feet n the grund again.
Why was the authr smetimes unable t reach his gal in the past?
A. He faced huge risks. B. He lacked mighty frces.
C. Fear prevented him frm trying. D. Failure blcked his way t success.
5
In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University fund that “dieting r restricted eating generally increases the pssibility f fd craving.” S, the mre yu deny yurself a fd that yu want, the mre yu may crave it. Hwever, fasting is a bit different. They fund that eating n fd at all fr a shrt perid f time lessened fd cravings.
What’s the likely result f dieting?
A. The increase f fd desire. B. The decrease f chemicals.
C. The refusal f fat and sugar. D. The disappearance f appetite.
第6点：从特殊标点处找答案
特殊标点符号主要包括：破折号（主要表解释或补充说明）；括号（主要表解释）；冒号（主要表解释或列举）；引号（主要表引用或引号内内容有特殊含义）；分号（主要表并列或进一步解释说明）等等。出题人经常会针对这些特殊标点的前后内容设题，考查考生对特殊标点含义及其前后内容的准确理解。
1
UBC Prfessr Simard explains hw trees are much mre cmplex than mst f us
ever imagined. Althugh Charles Darwin thught that trees are cmpeting fr survival f the fittest, Simard shws just hw wrng he was. In fact, the ppsite is true: trees survive thrugh their c-peratin and supprt, passing arund necessary nutritin "depending n wh needs it".
The underlined sentence "the ppsite is true" in Paragraph 2 prbably means that trees .
A．cmpete fr survival B．prtect their wn wealth
C．depend n each ther D．prvide supprt fr dying trees
2
My hip had been hurting me fr years befre I went t the dctr. Of curse, it was free. She referred me t a surgen, but the earliest appintment was in 10 mnths. That is what being free gets yu. Ten mnths later, after sme free X-rays, the surgen tld me I needed a surgery, which was abut an 18-mnth wait, fr sme senir citizens had been n the peratin list. Anther 18 mnths! I dragged myself ut f the surgen’s ffice.
What can we infer frm the secnd paragraph?
A. She felt rather disappinted. B. She culdn’t walk because f the pain.
C. She was t scared t have the surgery. D. She didn’t believe what the surgen said.
第7点：常见可以表目的的词或短语处找答案如t d, in rder t in exchange fr，aimed at, want t, hpe t, intend t处找答案
1
When her five daughters were yung, Helene An always tld them that there was strength in unity (团结). T shw this, she held up ne chpstick, representing ne persn. Then she easily brke it int tw pieces. Next, she tied several chpsticks tgether, representing a family. She shwed the girls it was hard t break the tied chpsticks. This lessn abut family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.
Helene tied several chpsticks tgether t shw ______.
A. the strength f family unityB. the difficulty f grwing up
C. the advantage f chpsticksD. the best way f giving a lessn
2
A café sciety where n intellectualizing is allwed? It culdn’t seem mre un-French. But Lehanne’s psychlgy café is abut mre than knwing neself: It’s trying t help the city’s trubled neighbrhd cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim t changes in the French lifestyle—lnger wrking hurs, a fast-fd bm and a yunger generatin’s desire t spend mre time at hme. Dzens f new theme cafes appear t change the situatin. Cafes fcused arund psychlgy, histry, and engineering are catching n, filling tables well int the evening.
What are theme cafes expected t d?
A. Create mre jbs. B. Supply better drinks.
C. Save the cafe business. D. Serve the neighbrhd.
3
And every week he cleaned Old Man McClgin’s chicken huse in exchange fr manure(肥料).The smell really burned the inside f yur nse. When we cmplained abut the terrible smell, Dad said the strnger the manure, the healthier the crps, and he was right. Fr example, just ne f his cantalupes filled the entire huse with its sweet smell, and the taste was even sweeter.
Why did Dad clean Old Man MClgin’s chicken huse regularly?
A. T earn sme mney fr the family. B. T cllect manure fr his crps.
C. T get rid f the terrible smell. D. T set a gd example t us.
4
One day when I was 12, my mther gave me an rder: I was t walk t the public library, and brrw at least ne bk fr the summer. This was ne mre weapn fr her t defeat my strange prblem — inability t read.
The authr’s mther tld him t brrw a bk in rder t_____.
A. encurage him t d mre walking B. let him spend a meaningful summer
C. help cure him f his reading prblem D. make him learn mre abut weapns
5
The cat has already been fr sale fr tw years. Thugh priced ver 1000 dllars, it sld quite well. It was meant t act as a “cmpanin” fr lder peple. Nw the prject is aimed at develping additinal abilities fr the cat. Researchers at Brwn’s Humanity-Centered Rbtics Initiative are wrking t decide which activities lder adults may need the mst. They hpe t make the cat perfrm a small number f activities very well. Such activities include finding lst bjects and reminding the persn t take medicine r visit their dctr. They als want t keep the cst dwn t just a few hundred dllars.
What’s the purpse f the prject?
A. T relieve the pain f the elderly. B. T prmte the sales f a medicine.
C. T help make the rbtic cat smarter. D. T invent a rbtic cat fr the elderly.