专题05 高考阅读理解之词义猜测题-2024年高考英语实用讲义之冲刺阅读理解高分

这是一份专题05 高考阅读理解之词义猜测题-2024年高考英语实用讲义之冲刺阅读理解高分，共7页。

\l _Tc31318 7.2词义猜测题—指代题 PAGEREF _Tc31318 3
七. 阅读理解—词义猜测题
7.1词义猜测题—生词生义/生词生义
【命题方式】
1. The underlined wrd “…”prbably means____.
2. The wrd “…”used in paragraph “…”refers t/suggests____.
3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____.
4. Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the wrd “…”?
5. What d yu think f the expressin “…”stands fr?
6. The meaning f wrd “…”in the passage is related t_____.
【解题技巧】
1.返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方。
2.确定该词汇的词性
3.找具有相同词性的词
4.找线索：找解释说明（下定义，同位释义，举例子）
5.找线索：找逻辑关系
6.构词法（积累常考的词根词缀）
【典例分析】
*找解释说明：下定义，同位释义，举例子
1.下定义：be, mean, refer t, be called, be knwn as, define, be cnsidered t be, represent
【典例分析】
1）Pantmime refers t a shrt play in which n wrds are spken. 哑剧
2）Anthrplgy is the scientific study f man. 人类学
4）Green building means “reducing the impact (影响) f the building n the land”.绿色建筑
2.同位释义 as yu knw, t be called, t mean, t refer t, that is（t say）, in ther wrds, namely .词、短语或从句，标点符号（逗号，冒号、破折号、括号）
【典例分析】
1）We will meet yu in the fyer, the entrance hall f the theatre. 大厅
2）He began t shave his whiskers, which had grwn thick n bth cheeks（脸颊）. 胡须
3）Sme cmputer scientists are develping artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like peple. 人工智能
3.举例法： fr example, fr instance, such as, and s n, just as, like, similarity 以及标点符号（括号、破折号、冒号等）
【典例分析】
1）Yu may brrw frm the library any peridicals: Nature, News Week, Times and The listener. 期刊
2）Sme artists plan their paintings arund gemetric frms like squares, circles and triangles. 几何图形
*找逻辑关系
1.同义关系and，r, like, similarly
1）Mr. Smith lves t talk, and his wife is similarly（相同地） lquacius. 爱说话的
2）They described him as a ln, r a mad man. 狂人
2.反义关系althugh, but, hwever , whereas , nevertheless，n the cntrary, in cntrast, instead（f）, rather than
1）Written language tends t be static, while spken language cnstantly changes. 不变的
2）He had been getting better, but during the night his cnditin deterirated . 变坏
3.因果关系as a result, thus, fr, because, fr this reasn, s, since, s that, s/such…that
1）She wanted the hairdresser（发型师） t trim her hair a bit because it was t lng. 修剪
2） The river is s turbid that it is impssible t see the bttm even when it is shallw. 浑浊
3）It rained, s the ftball match was pstpned. 延期
4.语境
1) I am a reslute man. Once I set up a gal, I wn’t give up easily. 坚定的
5.常识
1) It’s said that Bill Gates is the mst affluent persn in the wrld. 富裕的
2) As a scientist, Edisn is very famus fr his cntrivances. 发明
*构词法：派生，合成，转化，缩略，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出组成的新词词义。
【典例分析】
They verestimate the interviewee's ability and asked him many difficult questins.
在verestimate词中ver-是前缀，意为“过分”。因此verestimate的词义可以猜测为“过高估计”的意思。
We were tld that ur's was the mst spacius rm in the htel. That was why we had t pay s much fr it.
Spacius是由词根space(空间)+ius(形容词后缀)构成。由此我们可以猜得其大概意思为“有空间的，宽敞的”。
7.2词义猜测题—指代题
【命题方式】
The underlined wrd “they" in the secnd paragraph refers t “____”.
The underlined wrd "ne" in the 3rd paragraph refers t “____”.
The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers t “____”.
【解题技巧】
承前指代 — 代指前文出现的词或句子。
【典例分析】
If the wind is blwing frm the side, it is blwing acrss the bat. In this case, yu must keep the sail half way utside the bat. It shuld be at a 45° angle t the bat. It needs t be ut far enugh t catch the wind, but it shuldn’t flap (摆动). It shuldn’t lk like n a flagple. If it is flapping, it is prbably ut t far, and the bat will slw dwn.
What des the wrd “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer t?
A. The bat.B. The wind.C. The sail.D. The angle.
【真题综合练习】
1
We als knw the bug as a flaw in a cmputer prgram r ther design. That meaning dates back t the time f Thmas Edisn. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little prblems and difficulties” that required mnths f study and labr t vercme in develping a successful prduct. In 1889 it was recrded that Edisn “had been up the tw previus nights discvering ‘a bug’ in his invented recrd player.”
What des the wrd “flaw” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A. Explanatin.B. Finding. C. Origin. D. Fault.
2
Sadly, the abundance f passenger pigens may have been their unding. Where the birds were abundant, peple believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thusands. Cmmercial hunters attracted them t small clearings with grain, waited until pigens had settled t feed, then threw large nets ver them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped t large cities and sld in restaurants.
The underlined wrd “unding” prbably refers t the pigens’ _______.
A. escape B. ruin C. liberatin D. evlutin
3
The prblem is twfld（双重的）. First, there is a limit n the number f peple we can hle in mind and have a meaningful relatinship with. That number is abut 150 and is set by the size f ur brain. Secnd, the quality f yur relatinships depends n the amunt f time yu invest （投入）in then. We invest a lt in a small number f peple and then distribute what’s left amng as many thers as we can. The prblem is that if we invest little time in a persn, ur engagement with that persn will decline（减弱）until eventually it dies int “smene I nce knew”.
The underlined wrd “engagement” in the secnd paragraph prbably means “____”.
A. appintment B. cnnectin C. interview D. agreement
4
I had always traveled t Malaysia by plane r car, s this was the first time I was n a train. I did nt particularly relish the lng train jurney and had brught alng a dzen magazines t read and reread. I lked abut the train. There was nt ne familiar face. I sighed and sat dwn t read my Ecnmics.
Which f the fllwing wrds can best take the place f the wrd “relish” in the secnd paragraph?
A. chse B. enjy C. prepare fr D. carry n
5
By the end f the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning t be read by mre peple, printed materials became an imprtant way t prmte prducts and services. The Lndn Gazette was the first newspaper t set aside a place just fr advertising. This was s successful that by the end f the century several cmpanies started businesses fr the purpse f making newspaper ads fr merchants.
What des the wrd “This” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. Advertising in newspapers. B. Including pictures in ads.
C. selling gds in markets. D. Wrking with ad agencies.
6
But hlidays are expensive and, fr thse n lw wages r living n benefits，they are ften unbtainable. Even the cheapest hlidays require travel and ther additinal csts that are difficult fr many families t meet.
The underlined wrd “they" in the secnd paragraph refers t “____”.
A. envirnments B. hlidays C. wages D. benefits
7
Cassandra Feeley finds it hard t manage n her husband’s incme. S this year she did smething mre than a hbby(业余爱好)：She planted vegetables in her yard. Fr her first garden, Ms. Feeley has put in 15 tmat plants, and five rws f a variety f vegetables. The family’s ld farm huse has becme a chicken huse, its residents arriving next mnth. Last year, Ms.Rita Gartin kept a small garden. This year she has made it much larger because, she said, “The cst f everything is ging up and I Was lking t lse a few punds, t；s it's a win-win situatin all arund.”
What des the wrd “residents’’ in Paragraph 1 prbably refer t?
A．chickens B．tmates C．gardens D．peple
8
There was a gardener wh lked after his garden with great care. T water his flwers, he used tw buckers. One was a shiny and new bucket. The ther was a very ld and dilapidated ne, which had seen many years f service, but was nw past its best.
What des the underlined wrd "dilapidated" prbably mean?
A. Dirty B. Dark C. Wrn-ut D. Plain-lking.
9
As a wman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bmb n taxis because I will nt take public transprt after 10 p.m. I used t use it, but nw I’m afraid.
The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers t _____.
A. taxi B. the mney C. a bmb D. public transprt
10
I hated dinner parties. But I decided t give them anther sht because I’m in Lndn. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in Lndn are very different frm thse back in New Yrk. There, “I’m having a dinner party” means: “I’m bking a table fr 12 at a restaurant yu can’t affrd, and we’ll be sharing the cheque evenly, n matter what yu eat.” Wrse, in Manhattan there is always smene wh leaves befre the bill arrives. They’ll thrw dwn cash, half f what they we, and then peple like me, wh dn’t drink, end up paying even mre. But if try t use the same trick, the hstess will shut: “Where are yu ging?” And it’s nt like I can say I have smewhere t g: everyne knws I have nwhere t g.
What des the wrd “sht” in Paragraph I prbably mean?
A. Chice. B. Try. C. Style. D. Gal.