英语选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction课堂教学课件ppt

这是一份英语选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction课堂教学课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了课前自主预习，Ⅰ猜词意，课堂新知讲练，◇词汇拓讲，用法详解，◇句式解读，突 破 语 法，□观察领悟，□针对练习，随堂知能小练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

A．女主席；女董事长；女委员长B．计算；核算；预测C．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉D．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)E．售货员；推销员
1．The Internatinal Cnventin Centre is the venue fr a three-day arts festival.(　　)2．If the dugh is sticky，add mre flur.(　　)3．She is the chairwman f the department f human genetics at the University f Chicag.(　　)【答案】1．D　2．C　3．A　
4．Cnservatinists(自然资源保护主义者) calculate that hundreds f species culd be lst in this area.(　　)5．Mr Singh was a highly successful salesman wh wrked in a supermarket.(　　)【答案】4．B　5．E
Ⅱ.猜单词拼写1．week n．周；星期→__________ adj.每周的 n．周刊(参考：annual→annually)2．calculate vt.计算；预测→__________ n．计算；预测(参考：create→creatin)【答案】1．weekly　2．calculatin
Ⅲ.预备语法(被动语态)指出黑体部分是什么类型的被动形式1．All the wrk has been finished by nw.(　　)2．Nw she was being lked after by a rbt that lked s human，and it was disturbing.(　　)【答案】1．现在完成时的被动形式2．过去进行时的被动形式
3．Sme wrds and phrases are ften used t cmpare and cntrast infrmatin.(　　)4．It is an hnur t be invited t speak here.(　　)5．Having been tld many times，he still repeated the same mistakes.(　　)【答案】3．一般现在时的被动形式4．不定式的被动形式　5．现在完成时的被动形式
1．rumur n．谣言；传闻(P4)Rumurs are like sharp knives，cutting ne’s self-respect int pieces.【翻译】谣言就像锋利的刀子，把人的自尊切成碎片。
rumur f/abut sth.有关某事的传闻/谣言start/spread a rumur制造/散布谣言Rumur has it that... 有传闻说……
Rumur has it that he was murdered.有传闻说他被杀了。Many f the stries are based n rumur.这些说法很多都是道听途说。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)_________(有传闻说) Mr Li will be appinted headmaster f ur schl.(2)It is nt right fr yu t ______________(传播这些谣言).(3)There are different _____________(有关这次事故的传闻).【答案】(1)Rumur has it that(2)spread thse rumurs (3)rumurs abut the accident
2．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设(P4)Whever is charged with a crime shuld be presumed inncent until prven therwise.【翻译】任何被指控犯罪的人都应该被假定为无罪，直到有其他证明。
I presume s.我想是吧。presume＋that 从句 假定/推定……presume sb./sth.t be... 猜想某人/某物是……presume sb./sth.＋猜想某人/某物是……It is presumed that... 有人认为……
I presumed him t be her husband.我料想他就是她丈夫。They are very expensive，I presume.我想，他们是很贵的。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)I presume ________ Mrs Li has heard smething abut the event.(2)Many peple presume the examinatin ________(be) quite difficult.【答案】(1)that或/　(2)t be　
(3)We must presume the suspect ________(inncence) first.(4)_______ is presumed that anther snwstrm will strike ur city sn.【答案】 (3)inncent　(4)It
3．n 　根据；以……的方式(基准)(P4)mney paid fr wrk r services，typically n a daily r weekly basis【翻译】为工作或服务所支付的钱，通常以一天或一周为基准
n a daily basis每天；每日n a weekly basis每周n a mnthly basis每月n a yearly basis每年
She ges back t see her parents n a weekly basis.她每周回去看望父母一次。
[针对练习]翻译句子(1)她每天都写日记。_________________________________________________(2)我们每个月考试一次。_________________________________________________【答案】(1)She keeps diary n a daily basis.(2)We have an examinatin n a mnthly basis.
4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测(P4)They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving fr us，we will have mre time fr creating，thinking，and “being human”．【翻译】他们相信，如果人工智能能够为我们处理计算和驾驶等任务，我们将有更多的时间去创造、思考和“成为人类”。
calculate＋n./prn./从句be calculated t d 旨在；用意在于；打算(做)；适于(做)calculate sb./sth.t d sth.估计某人/物将会做某事
I’ll calculate what it will cst.我要估计一下那要花多少钱。The scientist culd nt calculate when the spaceship wuld reach Jupiter.那位科学家没有算出那艘宇宙飞船什么时候会到达木星。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)Emtinal peple dn’t stp ________(calculate).(2)Li Ming calculates ________(g) n a trip next week.(3)It ________(calculate) that the bridge will be cmpleted in tw weeks.(4)I calculated ________ the trip wuld take tw days.【答案】(1)t calculate　(2)t g　 (3)is calculated　(4)that
1．(P4)She has been interviewed many times，appeared n the cvers f magazines，and becme the first nn-human in the wrld t be given citizenship by a cuntry.【翻译】她多次接受采访，登上杂志封面，成为世界上第一个获得国家公民身份的非人类。【句式剖析】“t be given citizenship”是动词不定式短语，在句中作后置定语，修饰前面的名词nn-human。
【归纳拓展】(1)动词不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词或者代词的后面。(2)有很多名词常可用不定式作定语。常见的有ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，prmise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reasn，mment，time等。(3)如果不定式是一个不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面要有必要的介词。
(4)当名词被first，secnd等序数词以及形容词的最高级或者last，nly等修饰时，其后常用不定式作后置定语。(5)不定式作定语一般表示将来。Mr Li bught a cmfrtable flat t live in.李先生买了一套舒适的公寓居住。He is the best man t d the jb.他是做这项工作的最好人选。I must keep the prmise t pay within a mnth.我必须遵守在一个月之内偿付的诺言。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)Mr Brwn is always the first persn ________(arrive) at the ffice.(2)Few peple made the attempt _______(pick) up the rubbish arund the dustbin.【答案】(1)t arrive　(2)t pick
(3)We had t find a cmfrtable htel t stay ________ first.(4)Mary is always the last persn ________(ask) fr help frm thers.【答案】(3)in　(4)t ask
2．(P4) When it cmes t games，2017 became a year in which AI defeated humans in s many games that AI researchers say that it will nt be lng befre AI can win at almst everything.【翻译】当谈到游戏，2017年是人工智能在众多游戏中击败人类的一年。人工智能研究人员表示，用不了多久人工智能就会赢得几乎所有的游戏。【句式剖析】本句中的befre引导一个时间状语从句，但不译成“在……之前”，而应译为“(过多久之后)才……”。
【归纳拓展】befre用作连词，引导时间状语从句，除了表示“在……之前”以外，还可以表示“……(之后)才；(不多久)就；不等……就”。(1)It wn’t 用不了多长时间就会……(befre从句用一般现在时)(2)It will 得过多久才……(befre从句用一般现在时)
(3)It wasn’ 没过多长时间就……(befre从句用一般过去时)(4)It 过了多长时间才……(befre从句用一般过去时)It was nt lng befre I tracked dwn the lst wallet.不久我就找到了遗失的钱包。It will be half a year befre yu graduate frm this schl.半年后你才能从这所学校毕业。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)Let’s clean dwn the bard ________ we paint it.(2)It __________(be) tw years befre we knw whether it is effective.(3)Befre we ________(walk) five miles，Anne cmplained f sre feet.(4)Put that glass cup away befre it ________(get) brken.【答案】(1)befre　(2)will be　(3)walked/had walked　(4)gets
【例句观察】1．Lts f trees are planted in the park every spring.2．They were punished by their bss last week.3．The ld bridge has been pulled dwn.4．All the cars have been sld ut s far.5．The fire had been put ut befre the firemen arrived.
6．The tw sick villagers had been sent t the hspital befre I gt there.7．I think my dream will sn be turned int reality in the future.8．Such rude behaviur must be criticised．9．All the lights shuld be turned ff befre yu leave the ffice.
【我的领悟】1．句1、句2都是一般时态，其被动语态的构成是：be＋________。其中的动词be根据动作发生的________和句子的主语确定其形式。2．句3、句4都是________(时)态。其被动结构的构成是：has/have＋________＋过去分词。3．句5、句6都是________(时)态。其被动结构的构成是：________＋________＋过去分词。其中的助动词had没有人称和数的变化。
4．句7是________(时)态。其被动结构的构成是：_______＋过去分词。5．句8、句9都是含有情态动词的句子。这时，其被动句的构成是：________＋________＋________。Keys：1．过去分词；时间2．现在完成时；been3．过去完成时；had；been4．一般将来时；will be5．情态动词；be；过去分词
□被动语态(The Passive Vice)
一、常见时态的被动句的构成：
二、主动句改为被动句被动语态是历年来高考的重要考点之一。将主动语态改为被动语态时，请牢记“一变、二套、三注意”。“一变”：变主动为被动或变被动为主动时，把原句的主语和宾语互换，注意被动语态的构成 “be＋过去分词”。We grew a tree yesterday.→A tree was grwn yesterday by us.
“二套”：被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”。在不同的时态中，过去分词保持不变，而be动词随着时态有不同的变化，如：am/is/are(一般现在时)；was/were(一般过去时)；have/has been(现在完成时)；am/is/are being(现在进行时)等。若含有情态动词，则用“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”结构。The pen has been fund by me.钢笔已经被我找到了。
Hmewrk must be finished first.必须要先完成家庭作业。The flwers are being watered by them.他们正在浇花。
“三注意”：①句中含有双宾语(如give/buy sb. sth.)时，一般要把间接宾语(sb.)变成被动句的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.) 变成主语，则在间接宾语前加上介词t或fr。常用介词t的动词有：give，shw，pass，hand，lend，send等；常用介词fr的动词有brrw，buy，make等。The eraser was passed t me at last.最后，橡皮被传递给了我。A new ty was bught fr me as my birthday present by him.他给我买了一个玩具，作为我的生日礼物。
②主动句中，谓语是含有介词或副词的动词短语，变为被动句时，介词或副词不能省略。常见的词组有：listen t，take care f，pay attentin t 等。We ften talk with the ld plitely.→The ld are ften talked with plitely by us.③主动句中作宾补的不带t的动词不定式，变被动时要加上t。常见的词组有：hear/see sb.d sth.，make sb.d sth.等。We make the by stand utside.→The by was made t stand utside by us.
三、被动语态的特殊结构形式1．当“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，要将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Smene caught the by smking a cigarette.→The by was caught smking a cigarette.2．在使役动词have，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，ntice，hear，feel，bserve等后面，不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式t要省略，但变为被动结构时，这个不定式要加上t。
Smene saw a stranger walk int the building.→A stranger was seen t walk int the building.3．有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is t be put ff till Friday.
4．非谓语动词的被动语态。动词-ing 形式及不定式 t d 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态)。I dn’t like being laughed at in the public.The president will get the letter t be typed.
5．“It is said that＋从句”及其他类似句型： 一些表示“据说”或“相信”等意义的动词如believe，cnsider，expect，reprt，say，suppse，think等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋t d sth.”。It is said that the by has passed the natinal exam.＝The by is said t have passed the natinal exam.
6．谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义。(1)英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lck，pen，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是物。This kind f clth washes well.注意：主动语态表示被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The dr wn’t lck.(指门本身有故障)The dr wn’t be lcked.(指不会有人来锁门，指“门没有锁”是人的原因)(2)表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如happen，last，take place，break ut，cme ut，cme abut，cme true，run ut，give ut，turn ut等以主动形式表示被动意义。Hw d the newspapers cme ut?
(3)系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的系动词feel，sund，taste，lk，feel等在“主系表”结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。Yur reasn sunds reasnable.7．非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义。在某些句型中可用动词的-ing形式或不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
(1)在need，want，require，bear等词的后面，动词的-ing形式用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The huse needs repairing (＝t be repaired).(2)形容词wrth后面跟动词的-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，但不能跟动词不定式；而wrthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。The picture-bk is well wrth reading.＝The picture-bk is very wrthy t be read.
(3)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。I have a lt f things t d this afternn.(t d与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系)试比较：I’ll g t the pst ffice.D yu have a letter t be psted？(此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明yu不是pst动作的执行者)
(4)在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有：nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，imprtant，impssible，pleasant，interesting等。This prblem is difficult t wrk ut.(可看作t wrk ut省略了fr me)
(5)在“”结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。This bk is t expensive (fr me) t buy.(6)在“There be...”句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语，重点在人；用被动形式作定语，重点在物。There is n time t lse (t be lst).(用 t lse可看成fr us t lse；用t be lst，主语是谁则不明确)
8．介词in，n，under等接名词构成介词短语表示被动意义。表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动意义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。(1)“under＋名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under cntrl(受控制)，under treatment(在治疗中)，under repair(在修理中)，under discussin(在讨论中)，under cnstructin(在建设中)等。The great building is under cnstructin(＝is being cnstructed).
(2)“beynd＋名词”结构，表示“出乎……；胜过……；范围、限度”。常见的有：beynd belief (令人难以置信)，beynd ne’s reach(鞭长莫及)，beynd ne’s cntrl(无法控制)，beynd hpe(毫无希望)等。The rumur is beynd belief(＝can’t be believed).
(3)“abve＋名词”结构，表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……；高于……”。His hnest character is abve all praise.＝His hnest character cannt be praised enugh.(4)“fr＋名词”结构，表示 “适于……；为着……”，如：fr sale(出售)，fr rent(出租)等。That huse is fr sale.(＝That huse is t be sld.)
(5)“in＋名词”结构，表示“在……过程中或范围内”。常见的有：in print(在印刷中)，in sight(在视野范围内)等。The bk is nt yet in print(＝is nt yet printed).(6)“n＋名词”结构，表示“在从事……中”。常见的有：n sale(出售)，n shw(展出)，n trial(受审)等。Tday sme treasures are n shw in the museum (＝are being shwed).
(7) “ut f＋名词”结构，表示“超出…… 之外”。类似的有：ut f cntrl(控制不了)，ut f sight(超出视线之外)，ut f ne’s reach(够不着)，ut f fashin(不流行)等。The plane was ut f cntrl (＝can’t be cntrlled).
9．被动语态与系表结构的区别。当“be＋过去分词”用作被动语态时，表示主语承受的动作；但用作系表结构时，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：(1)如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者时，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。The glass is brken.(系表结构)The glass was brken by the by.(被动语态)
(2)如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。The dr is lcked.(系表结构)The dr has already/just been lcked.(被动语态)(3)被动语态可用于各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be通常只有一般时态和完成时态。The machine is being repaired.
Ⅰ.改写句子在句子空白处填上适当的单词，使改写后的句子在含义上与原句相同或相近。每空限填一词。1．The plice caught the thief at the statin last night.The thief ________ ________ by the plice at the statin last night.【答案】1．was caught
2．When will yu hand in yur hmewrk?When _______ yur hmewrk _______ _______ _______？3．Yu must finish yur hmewrk first.Yur hmewrk ________ ________ ________ first.【答案】2．will；be handed in　3．must be finished　
4．My mther has bught me a ty car.A ty car ________ ________ ________ ________ me by my mther.5．Tm lks after his father very well.His father ________ ________ ________ very well by Tm.【答案】4．has been bught fr　5．is lked after
6．I saw him crss the rad just nw.He ________ ________ ________ ________ the rad by me just nw.7．The wrkers are pulling dwn the ld huses nw.The ld huses ________ ________ ________dwn by the wrkers nw.【答案】6．was seen t crss　7．are being pulled
Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．If it hadn’t been fr the PLA sldier，the by ________ (drwn) in the river yesterday.2．It ________(say) that anther bridge will be built ver the river.3．All kinds f trees ____________(plant) n the hill every spring s as t make the hill beautiful.【答案】1．wuld have been drwned　2．is said3．are planted
4．Gd care must ______(take) f the children in ur schl.5．Have yu checked all the machines ________(send) t Tibet next mnth?6．Fr three hurs we waited fr the decisin，nly _______ (tell) t cme again the next day.【答案】4．be taken　5．t be sent　6．t be tld
7．The building ____________(build) in ur schl is fr ur teachers.It’s t be cmpleted by the end f next year.8．He is said ________(treat) badly in the supermarket when he was ding his shpping yesterday.9．A big cat was seen ________(steal) int the huse frm the windw just nw.【答案】7．being built　8．t have been treated　9．t steal
10．A girl is heard ________(sing) in the next rm at this time.11．The by was caught ________(cheat) in the examinatin last week.12．I really hate ____________(call) a fl，especially in public.13．It ________(reprt) that anther new schl will be set up in ur city.【答案】10．singing　11．cheating　12．being called13．is reprted
14．This kind f clthes ________(wash) easily.15．A big fire ________(break) ut in that factry last night.16．The wall lks ld and it needs ______________ (paint).17．The president has a reprt ____________(type).He will need it tmrrw.【答案】14．washes　15．brke　16．t be painted/painting　17．t be typed　
18．Yur car is still __________ repair.And it will be ready in fifteen minutes.19．The film is really wrth __________(see).20．This nvel is wrthy f __________(read) a secnd time.【答案】18．under　19．seeing　20．being read
Ⅰ.单词拼写1．This ______(传闻) has been spread far and wide，making it knwn thrughut the city.2．It is ________(预测) that anther high speed railway will g thrugh ur city.3．Yu dn’t have t pay fr the ________(车费) because it is included in the travel price.【答案】1．rumur　2．calculated/predicted　3．fare　
4．We have a ________(每周一次的) English examinatin at schl.5．Everybdy has t be ________(假定) inncent befre he is prven guilty.6．The _______(女主席) will pay a visit t the island cuntry next mnth.【答案】4．weekly　5．presumed　6．chairwman
7．Many students are nt aware that bread is made frm ________(面粉).8．The Children’s Palace will be the ________(活动场地) fr the sprts meet next week.9．These peple lk s strange that many peple regard them as ________(外星人).10．His father wrks as a ______(售货员) in the supermarket near his hme.【答案】7．flur　8．venue　9．aliens　10．salesman
Ⅱ.短语填空in a hurry，be aware f，be charged with，n a daily basis，be regarded as，set up，be adapted int，be admitted t，attract the attentin f，be caught up1．The writer ____________________ a representative f the yuth f her generatin.【答案】1．is regarded as
2．The thief ran fast frward，but the plice ran even faster and sn the thief ____________________．3．Her dancing als ___________________________ French pets and painters f the perid，fr it appealed t their liking fr mystery，their belief in art fr art’s sake.【答案】2．was caught up　3．attracted the attentin f
4．The main reasns fr city dwellers(居民) t cmmute ______________________ is nt just fr wrk but als fr study，business，shpping and their scial life.5．His brther ____________________ Beijing University last year，f which his family was very prud.【答案】4．n a daily basis　5．was admitted t
6．The yung man ____________________ a crime and was prven guilty in the curt.7．That’s including me and that’s why I went int the subject in the first place because I __________________ hw little I really knw f this.【答案】6．was charged with　7．was aware f
8．It is reprted that the nvel written by his father will ____________________ a film.9．Anther new schl will be ______________ in ur city t meet the increasing demand.10．Mr Brwn went ut ________________ after he received a phne call，leaving the dr pen.【答案】8．be adapted int　9．set up　10．in a hurry
Ⅲ.课文原句填空1．Rumurs are like sharp knives，________ ne’s self-respect ________________．谣言就像锋利的刀子，把人的自尊切成碎片。2．Whever _________________ a crime shuld be presumed inncent until prven therwise.任何被指控犯罪的人都应该被假定为无罪，直到有其他证明。【答案】1．cutting；int pieces　2．is charged with
3．She has been interviewed many times，appeared n the cvers f magazines，and becme the first nn-human in the wrld ________________________ citizenship by a cuntry.她多次接受采访，登上杂志封面，成为世界上第一个获得国家公民身份的非人类。【答案】3．t be given