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第05讲 被动语态（讲义）-备战2024中考英语一轮复习精品课件+讲义+练习（全国通用）
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►第04讲 被动语态（讲义）【复习目标】 1. 被动语态的句型；2. 被动语态的各种时态形式；3. 被动语态的用法；4. 主动语态变被动语态；5. 主动形式表示被动意义。【考情分析】 语态问题是中考高频考点，考生在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答此类题时，可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。常以单项选择、语法选择、语法填空、词语运用等考查。近几年考查时态的题型命题规律动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。【网络构建】 考向一 被动语态的句型考向二 被动语态的各种时态形式考向三 被动语态的用法考向四 主动语态变被动语态考向五 主动形式表示被动意义 一、单项选择1．（2023·江西南昌·模拟预测）—Have you seen Full River Red? —Yes. We ________ to watch it in Chinese class last month.A．suggested B．are suggested C．were suggested D．suggest【答案】C【详解】句意：——你看了《满江红》吗？——是的。上个月有人建议我们在语文课上看。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“last month”可知，句子应用一般过去时，故排除B和D；主语we和动词suggest建议，存在被动关系，我们被建议去看，应用被动语态。故选C。2．（2023·四川成都·校联考模拟预测）A large number of athletes ________ to come to Chengdu for the 31st Summer World University Games in July.A．is expected B．are expected C．expect【答案】B【详解】句意：预计将有大量运动员来到成都参加7月举行的第31届夏季世界大学生运动会。考查被动语态。句子的主语“A large number of athletes”和谓语动词expect之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；时态为一般现在时，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词；主语“A large number of athletes”是复数形式，因此be动词用are。故选B。3．（2023·福建厦门·统考模拟预测）—Please tell us one thing you are proud of in your junior high school. —I ________ as the president of the Student Union.A．will be chosen B．was chosen C．has chosen【答案】B【详解】句意：——请告诉我们一件你在初中时感到骄傲的事。——我被选为学生会主席。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“in your junior high school”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是动作的承受者，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。4．（2023·福建三明·统考模拟预测）—Linda, shall we go to fly kites in the Central Park? —Sure, I will go with you as soon as my homework ________.A．is finished B．will be finished C．finishes【答案】A【详解】句意：——琳达，我们去中央公园放风筝好吗？——当然可以，我一完成作业就跟你去。考查一般现在时的被动语态。is finished被完成，一般现在时的被动语态；will be finished将被完成，一般将来时的被动语态；finishes完成，动词三单。homework与finish构成被动，故应用被动语态，所以排除选项C；as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句的时态，用一般现在时代替将来时，故选A。5．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival started in 1985. It ________ once a year.A．held B．was held C．is held【答案】C【详解】句意：哈尔滨国际冰雪节始于1985年。它每年举行一次。考查被动语态。it代指哈尔滨国际冰雪节，和动词hold之间是被动关系，结合“once a year”可知应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。6．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）—You look so happy today!—My suggestion to have a party ________ by my class yesterday.A．accepts B．is accepted C．accepted D．was accepted【答案】D【详解】句意：——你今天看起来很开心！——我举办聚会的建议昨天被班上同学接受了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“by my class”可知句子应使用被动语态，其结构为“主语+be done (过去分词)+其他”，所以排除A、C；再根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，应是一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。7．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—Shawn is _______ to be one of the finest doctors of his generation（同代人）.—He was born to study medicine and has saved many people’s lives.A．wished B．considered C．taught D．chosen【答案】B【详解】句意：——肖恩被认为是他那一代最优秀的医生之一 。——他生来就是学医的，救了很多人的命。考查动词辨析。wished希望；considered认为；taught教；chosen选择。根据“He was born to study medicine and has saved many people’s lives.”可知肖恩具有学医天赋，并挽救多人生命，因此他被认为是他那一代最优秀的医生之一。故选B。8．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—Are you going to Tom’s birthday party this Sunday? —Unless I ________.A．am inviting B．will be invited C．am invited D．will be inviting【答案】C【详解】句意：——这个星期天你要去Tom的生日派对吗？——除非我被邀请。考查条件状语从句和被动语态。根据“Are you going to Tom’s birthday party this Sunday?”和“Unless I...”可知，答句是unless引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句应是一般现在时，排除选项B和D；答句应是表示“除非被邀请去派对，否则就不去”，从句是被动语态，所以从句用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语结构是am/is/are done。故选C。9．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·二模）Too much time ________ on computer games by most teenagers every day. Their parents are worried about their health and study.A．is wasting B．is wasted C．was wasted D．wasted【答案】B【详解】句意：大多数青少年每天在电脑游戏上浪费了太多的时间。他们的父母担心他们的健康和学习。考查时态和语态。主语“Too much time”与动词waste之间是动宾关系，结合“every day”可知用一般现在时的被动语态is wasted。故选B。10．（2023·河北衡水·统考二模）Every day, too much water . I think everyone should take action to save it.A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted【答案】B【详解】句意：每天，太多的水被浪费。我认为每个人都应该采取行动来拯救它。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据题干，可知主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态，时态是一般现在时，主语water是不可数名词，接is+过去分词。故选B。11．（2023·湖南株洲·统考一模）These books ________ in Russian. I can’t read them.A．will be written B．is written C．are written【答案】C【详解】句意：这些书是用俄语写的。我看不懂。考查被动语态。根据“These books”并结合选项单词可知，“书”和“写”为被动关系，故应用“be done”结构，且句子表示事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are，故选C。12．（2023·辽宁盘锦·三模）The Ministry of Education（教育部）announces that mobile phones ________ to take into school in China now because they are bad for the students.A．haven’t allowed B．are allowed C．aren’t allowed D．allow【答案】C【详解】句意：教育部宣布，中国现在不允许将手机带入学校，因为手机对学生有害。考查被动语态。此句含有宾语从句，从句中主语“mobile phones”和谓语动词allow构成动宾关系，应用被动语态，其构成为“be+过去分词”，根据“because they are bad for the students.”可知学校不许带手机，应用否定形式，故选C。13．（2023·湖北十堰·统考三模）—When shall we go and play basketball?—Not until the work ________ tomorrow.A．is finished B．have finished C．will be finished D．will finish【答案】A【详解】句意：——我们将什么时候去打篮球？——直到明天工作被完成。考查主将从现。分析答语可知句子为含有until引导时间状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，此处从句时态为一般现在时，而主语work和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其谓语结构为“be+done”，故选A。14．（2023·河北唐山·统考二模）A lot of flowers ________ in the park last year.A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted【答案】D【详解】句意：去年公园里种了很多花。考查被动语态。根据“last year”可知，此处用一般过去时，主语与动词plant之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时被动语态，故选D。15．（2023·河北秦皇岛·统考三模）Nowadays, more and more actions _________ to reduce the waste of food.A．are taken B．have taken C．take D．are taking【答案】A【详解】句意：如今，人们采取了越来越多的措施来减少食物浪费。考查动词时态和语态。主语actions与动词take之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，结合Nowadays可知，用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are+动词过去分词”，主语是复数，be动词用are，故选A。二、语法填空（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）According to a survey, Chinese college students want to do volunteer work and would like to help those in need. If they 16 whether they are willing to help elderly people who fall over in the street, most of their answers will be “yes”. The question of what is the right thing to do when an old person 17 over in the street has been discussed for a long time. Once, a man called Peng Yu helped an old woman who fell over in Nanjing, Jiangsu province. The woman later said that she was knocked down by Peng and asked Peng 18 forty percent of her medical costs after Peng sent her to the hospital. At that time, many people 19 this event would have a bad influence. However, a report found that 91.6 percent of students who were surveyed still said that they would help an elderly person when he or she needed help. Most of the college students would like to take part in the volunteer work. They think helping 20 is what they should do. But learning to be more professional in helping people is also very important. It’s suggested that more professional training 21 be offered. This way, more people can take part in volunteer work 22 than usual. There 23 different kinds of volunteer work including environmental protection, community services, teaching in faraway villages, visiting the old at old people’s homes and so on. And 83.1 percent of college students actually do volunteer work every year. Volunteer work not only plays an important role in developing young people’s skills, but also gives them a feeling of 24 . What’s more, volunteer work is of great value for the young as well as the wider society. So more people should be encouraged to take part in volunteer work 25 can make a better world. Well, what will you do to make a difference to the world?16．A．ask B．are asked C．asked D．were asked17．A．fall B．fell C．falls D．fallen18．A．pay B．to pay C．paying D．paid19．A．worry B．worried C．worry about D．worried about20．A．other B．the other C．another D．others21．A．should B．need C．might D．may22．A．active B．more active C．actively D．more actively23．A．is B．are C．was D．were24．A．satisfy B．satisfying C．satisfaction D．satisfied25．A．who B．whose C．whom D．which【答案】16．B 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．D 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．D【导语】本文通过举例彭玉的故事来号召大家多做志愿者活动，来创造更好更温暖的世界。16．句意：如果有人问他们是否愿意帮助在街上摔倒的老人，他们大多数的回答都会是“愿意”。ask问，动词原形；are asked一般现在时的被动语态；asked过去式或过去分词；were asked一般过去时的被动语态。they与ask之间是被动关系，根据“most of their answers will be ‘yes’.”可知此句时态是一般现在时，因此是一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。17．句意：当老人在街上摔倒时该怎么做这个问题已经讨论了很长时间了。fall摔倒，动词原形；fell过去式；falls第三人称单数；fallen过去分词。根据“The question of what is the right thing to do”可知此句时态是一般现在时，主语是an old person，谓语动词用三单。故选C。18．句意：这名妇女后来说，她被彭撞倒了，在彭送她去医院后，她要求彭支付40%的医疗费用。pay支付，动词原形；to pay不定式；paying现在分词或动名词；paid过去式。ask sb to do sth表示“让某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故选B。19．句意：那时，很多人担心这件事会有不好的影响。worry担忧，动词原形；worried过去式或过去分词；worry about动词短语；worried about过去式。根据“ At that time,”可知描述过去的事，用一般过去时，此句是宾语从句。故选B。20．句意：他们认为帮助其他人是他们应该做的事。other泛指其他的；the other一定范围的其他的；another泛指三者或三者以上另一个；others其他的人或物。空后没有名词，且表泛指，用others。故选D。21．句意：建议应该提供更多的专业培训。should应该；need需要；might可能，过去式；may可能。根据“It’s suggested that more professional training”可知此处是建议应该做某事。故选A。22．句意：这样很多人都会比平时更积极地参与到志愿工作中。active活跃的，形容词；more active形容词比较级；actively活跃地，副词；more actively副词比较级。根据than可知，此处用比较级，此空为副词修饰动词。故选D。23．句意：有不同种类的志愿者工作，包括环境保护，社区服务，在遥远的村庄教学，在老人院探望老人等等。is是，主语是第三人称单数；are主语是复数或第二人称；was过去式，主语是单数；were过去式，主语是复数或第二人称。描述事实，用一般现在时，主语是different kinds of volunteer work，复数，be动词用are。故选B。24．句意：志愿工作不仅在发展年轻人的技能方面起着重要作用，而且也给他们一种满足感。satisfy满足，动词；satisfying动名词或现在分词；satisfaction满意，名词；satisfied满意的，形容词。根据“a feeling of ”可知此处是名词of格，此空为名词。故选C。25．句意：因此，应该鼓励更多的人参加志愿者工作，这可以使世界变得更美好。who谁；whose谁的；whom谁，宾语；which哪个。此句是宾语从句，先行词是物，用which引导。故选D。三、用所给单词适当形式填空26．（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）The champion (present) with a gold at tomorrow’s meeting.【答案】will be presented【详解】句意：冠军将在明天的比赛中获得一枚金牌。present“颁发”，主语the champion与谓语动词“颁发”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且由“at tomorrow’s meeting”可知，时态是一般将来时，所以该空用一般将来时的被动语态“will be+过去分词”，present的过去分词是presented。故填will be presented。27．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）In order to make Yongzhou City more beautiful, trees and flowers should （plant）every year.【答案】be planted【详解】句意：为了让用永州更漂亮，每年应该种树和花。主语trees and flowers与plant是动宾关系，因此是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be planted。28．（2023·内蒙古包头·包钢第三中学校考三模）Mr. White said his children were not to use mobile phones before the age of 13. (allow)【答案】allowed【详解】句意：怀特先生说他的孩子们不允许13岁之前用手机。his children与allow之间是动宾关系，因此用被动语态，allow过去分词为allowed。故填allowed。29．（2023·江苏无锡·校考二模）—Are the police going to tell the details of the case to the public?—Not until the thief (catch).【答案】is caught【详解】句意：——警方会把案件细节告诉公众吗？——直到小偷被抓住才会。until引导的时间状语从句遵循主将从现原则，从句用一般现在时，且主语the thief与catch之间存在动宾关系，应用被动语态，结构是is/are done，主语是单数，系动词用is。故填is caught。30．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）There were few trees before, and we (hit) by sandstorms seriously in spring.【答案】were hit【详解】句意：以前树很少，春天我们遭受了严重的沙尘暴袭击。根据“we…by sandstorms”可知要用被动语态，hit“袭击”，过去分词也是hit。由“were”可知，要用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是we，be动词用were。故填were hit。31．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）The telephone (invent) by the famous inventor, Bell.【答案】was invented【详解】句意：电话是由著名的发明家贝尔发明的。根据下文“by the famous inventor, Bell”可知，句子应用被动语态，且根据语境可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，即“was/were +过去分词”结构。且主语为“telephone”，故be动词应用was。故填was invented。32．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）The little baby that felt sleepy (lay) on the bed after her mommy came back home.【答案】was laid【详解】句意：妈妈回家后，感到困倦的小宝宝被放在床上。分析句子成分可知，本句是复合句。主句主语是The little baby，是谓语动词lay的承受者，根据从句时态可知，主句采用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。主语是第三人称单数，be动词为was。故填was laid。33．（2023·江苏无锡·统考二模）Thousands of people (leave) homeless in the earthquake which happened in Turkey in February, 2023.【答案】were left【详解】句意：在2023年2月土耳其发生的地震中，成千上万的人无家可归。分析句子及所给词，主语people与谓语动词leave之间为被动关系，表示“被迫失去家园”；本句为一般过去时，故此处为一般过去时的被动语态，结构为：was/were + 动词过去分词；动词leave的过去分词为left“离开”；主语“Thousands of people”是复数，故be动词应用were。故填were；left。34．（2023·江苏扬州·统考二模）To learn English well, students should be to speak as much as possible. (encourage)【答案】encouraged【详解】句意：为了学好英语，应该鼓励学生尽可能多说。根据“students should be”可知，此处为被动语态，构成为：be +动词过去分词，结合句意可知，此处应表达“学生应该被鼓励”，encourage“鼓励”，动词，此处应用过去分词形式。故填encouraged。35．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）English (speak) all over the world and we’d try to learn it well.【答案】is spoken【详解】句意：全世界都说英语，我们会努力把它学好。“English”与“speak”之间，逻辑上是被动关系，英语应是被说，be spoken意为“被说”，又因为“English”指的是一种语言，为单数，所以用 is；根据句意可知，本句时态为一般现在时。故填is spoken。36．（2023·江苏南京·统考一模）For the first time, this year’s Oscar for Best Actress (present) to Michelle Yeoh, an Asian woman.【答案】was presented【详解】句意：第一次，今年最佳女演员的奥斯卡金像奖被颁给了杨紫琼，一名亚洲女士。主语是“this year’s Oscar”，是动作的承受者，所以应用被动语态。根据语境分析可知，时态为一般过去时。且主语为单数，所以用was presented。故填was presented。37．（2023·江苏淮安·统考一模）My washing machine (control) by my smartphone when I’m not at home.【答案】is controlled【详解】句意：当我不在家时，我的洗衣机是由我的智能手机控制的。此句是when引导的时间状语从句，从句时态为一般现在时，主句时态也用一般现在时，主语和动词control是动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语是第三人称单数。故填is controlled。38．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）Both water and food (give) to the athletes who took part in Wuxi Marathon last month.【答案】were given【详解】句意：水和食物都被给到上个月参加无锡马拉松的运动员了。句子主语是“Both water and food”，所以空格处应用被动语态，其结构是“be done”，又因为“last month”可知，该句是一般过去时，所以空格处要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were given。39．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）In HK Disneyland, visitors (allow) to get closer to cartoon characters.【答案】are allowed【详解】句意：在香港迪士尼乐园，游客们被允许更接近卡通角色。根据语意分析可知，游客们是“被允许”的含义，所以应该用被动语态“be动词+动词过去分词”。分析语境可知，在描述一件事实，所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态。又根据主语是visitors游客们 ，可数名词复数。所以be动词用are。故填are allowed。40．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）Luckily, many traditional art forms like Wuxi Opera (pass) on and stay alive.【答案】are passed【详解】句意：幸运的是，许多传统艺术形式，如锡剧，得以传承并存活下来。根据语境，主语“art forms”与动词短语“pass on”为动宾关系，故应用被动语态，根据“stay”提示，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，且be动词应用are。故填are passed。1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.A．provides B．provided C．is provided D．was provided【答案】C【详解】句意：这个村子每天为60岁以上的老人免费提供早餐。考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语Breakfast是动作provide的承受者，结合“every day”可知，是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。2．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023.A．is brought B．was brought C．will be brought【答案】B【详解】句意：大熊猫丫丫于2023年4月27日被带回中国。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“on April 27th, 2023”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。3．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Can he get the first prize in the race?—He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.A．will expect to do B．is expected doingC．has expected doing D．was expected to do【答案】D【详解】句意：——他能在比赛中获得第一名吗？——大家都希望他这样，但他只是把腿弄伤了。现在不可能了。考查动词时态和语态。主语He和expect之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，结合“but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.”可知，期望的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，be expected to do sth“被期望做某事”，固定短语，故选D。4．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning.A．hits B．is hit C．is hitting D．will be hit【答案】B【详解】句意：沙子被闪电击中会变成玻璃。考查语态。句子主语it指代的是“Sand”，与动词hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时，故选B。5．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday.A．eats B．is eaten C．was eaten【答案】C【详解】句意：昨天，那个蛋糕被饥饿的学生们很快吃完了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知句子应用一般过去时，主语The cake与动词eat存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选C。6．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Some photos of the moon ________ in the Space Club next week.A．shows B．is showing C．were shown D．will be shown【答案】D【详解】句意：一些月球的照片将于下周在太空俱乐部展出。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next week”可知句子应用一般将来时，主语Some photos of the moon与动词show存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般将来时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：will be+过去分词。故选D。7．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）Hou Yi ________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it.A．gives B．has given C．gave D．was given【答案】D【详解】句意：后羿因为射下了九个太阳而得到了神药，然后逄蒙想偷走它。考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语Hou Yi与谓语动词give是被动关系，又根据“then Pang Meng tried to steal it”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选D。8．（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into schools.A．introduce B．introduced C．are introduced D．were introduced【答案】D【详解】句意：自从计算机被引入学校以来，它们对学习方法产生了很大的影响。考查时态和语态。since引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主语“they”指代“Computers”，与谓语动词introduce“引进”之间是动宾关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（were done）。故选D。9．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year.A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted【答案】D【详解】句意：为了使环境更好，明年将种植更多的树。考查一般将来时被动语态。主语more trees与动词plant之间被动关系，结合next year可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故选D。10．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）The 18th China International Alcoholic Drinks Expo (CIADE) ________ in Luzhou from April 13th to April 16th, 2023.A．was held B．is held C．will be held D．has been held【答案】D【详解】句意：第十八届中国国际酒类博览会于2023年4月13日至4月16日在泸州举行。考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“The 18th China International Alcoholic Drinks Expo (CIADE) … in Luzhou from April 13th to April 16th, 2023.”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，表示一段时间内的状态，主语和动词hold之间为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态“has/have been done”。故选D。11．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days?—He won’t, unless he ________.A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites【答案】A【详解】句意：——你介意告诉我他两天后是否会参加会议吗？——除非有人邀请，否则他不会参加的。考查时态和语态。第一处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，结合“in two days”可知，用一般将来时“will do”，排除B；分析“He won’t, unless he...”可知，该句是以unless引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”，从句主语he是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时被动语态“is done”，故选A。12．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—We’re so proud that China is getting stronger and stronger.—Yes. As you can see, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners.A．learns B．is learned C．was learned【答案】B【详解】句意：——我们为中国越来越强大感到骄傲。——是的。正如你所看到的，越来越多的外国人学习汉语。考查被动语态。主语Chinese和动词learn之间是被动关系，结合语境可知现在汉语被越来越多的外国人学习，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。13．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in Chengdu these days.A．plant B．are planted C．are planting【答案】B【详解】句意：这些天，成都的二环路上种了许多美丽的花。考查被动语态。主语和动词plant之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态：be done。故选B。14．（2023·新疆·中考真题）The Wandering Earth II ___________ with the public since it came out.A．has been successful B．is successfulC．was successful D．will be successful【答案】A【详解】句意：《流浪地球2》自上映以来就大获成功。考查动词的时态。根据“since it came out”可知，句子应该用现在完成时。故选A。15．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Hanfu lovers ________ walking down the street in many cities.—Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture.A．can be found B．can findC．must be found D．must find【答案】A【详解】句意：——在许多城市的大街上都能找到汉服爱好者。——嗯，穿汉服有助于了解中国文化。考查被动语态。can能够；must必须。“Hanfu lovers”与find是被动关系，所以此处用被动语态，排除B和D选项。此处表示能在大街上找到汉服爱好者，故选A。16．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages.A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving【答案】A【详解】句意：孙悟空是中国的一个传统人物。它受到所有年龄段的人的喜爱。考查被动语态及动词时态。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，指孙悟空被人们喜爱。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时。故选A。17．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）We ________ friends since I came to this school.A．are B．were C．will be D．have been【答案】D【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校，我们就一直是朋友。考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，故选D。18．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Tea is very popular in the world. It ________ in many different areas in China now.A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was produced【答案】C【详解】句意：茶在世界上很受欢迎。现在中国许多不同的地区都产茶。考查被动语态。根据now可知，此句是一般现在时，主语It与动词produce之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时被动语态am/is/are done的结构，故选C。 句型构成例句肯定句主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... )English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。否定句主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…)English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)?—Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗?—Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)?Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?时态结构例句一般现在时主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。一般过去时主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？现在进行时主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？过去完成时主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。强调动作的承受者School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。当动作的执行者是泛指时He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。句法修饰的需要The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。The famous professor gave two lectures in English.→Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.→I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.→Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。We call him Li Hua.→He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。They painted the room white.→The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。They saw her enter the meeting room just now.→She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。They take good care of these children.→These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。We should make full use of the good chance.→The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。情况例句说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着
►第04讲 被动语态（讲义）【复习目标】 1. 被动语态的句型；2. 被动语态的各种时态形式；3. 被动语态的用法；4. 主动语态变被动语态；5. 主动形式表示被动意义。【考情分析】 语态问题是中考高频考点，考生在备考时应注意熟练掌握各种时态下的被动语态所表示的意义、其结构和相关的时间状语。解答此类题时，可根据具体语境、时间标志词、从句和主句的时态搭配、固定句型等判断出正确答案。常以单项选择、语法选择、语法填空、词语运用等考查。近几年考查时态的题型命题规律动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。【网络构建】 考向一 被动语态的句型考向二 被动语态的各种时态形式考向三 被动语态的用法考向四 主动语态变被动语态考向五 主动形式表示被动意义 一、单项选择1．（2023·江西南昌·模拟预测）—Have you seen Full River Red? —Yes. We ________ to watch it in Chinese class last month.A．suggested B．are suggested C．were suggested D．suggest【答案】C【详解】句意：——你看了《满江红》吗？——是的。上个月有人建议我们在语文课上看。考查一般过去时的被动语态。由“last month”可知，句子应用一般过去时，故排除B和D；主语we和动词suggest建议，存在被动关系，我们被建议去看，应用被动语态。故选C。2．（2023·四川成都·校联考模拟预测）A large number of athletes ________ to come to Chengdu for the 31st Summer World University Games in July.A．is expected B．are expected C．expect【答案】B【详解】句意：预计将有大量运动员来到成都参加7月举行的第31届夏季世界大学生运动会。考查被动语态。句子的主语“A large number of athletes”和谓语动词expect之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；时态为一般现在时，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are+动词的过去分词；主语“A large number of athletes”是复数形式，因此be动词用are。故选B。3．（2023·福建厦门·统考模拟预测）—Please tell us one thing you are proud of in your junior high school. —I ________ as the president of the Student Union.A．will be chosen B．was chosen C．has chosen【答案】B【详解】句意：——请告诉我们一件你在初中时感到骄傲的事。——我被选为学生会主席。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“in your junior high school”可知，时态是一般过去时，主语是动作的承受者，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。4．（2023·福建三明·统考模拟预测）—Linda, shall we go to fly kites in the Central Park? —Sure, I will go with you as soon as my homework ________.A．is finished B．will be finished C．finishes【答案】A【详解】句意：——琳达，我们去中央公园放风筝好吗？——当然可以，我一完成作业就跟你去。考查一般现在时的被动语态。is finished被完成，一般现在时的被动语态；will be finished将被完成，一般将来时的被动语态；finishes完成，动词三单。homework与finish构成被动，故应用被动语态，所以排除选项C；as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句的时态，用一般现在时代替将来时，故选A。5．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）Harbin International Ice and Snow Festival started in 1985. It ________ once a year.A．held B．was held C．is held【答案】C【详解】句意：哈尔滨国际冰雪节始于1985年。它每年举行一次。考查被动语态。it代指哈尔滨国际冰雪节，和动词hold之间是被动关系，结合“once a year”可知应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。6．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·模拟预测）—You look so happy today!—My suggestion to have a party ________ by my class yesterday.A．accepts B．is accepted C．accepted D．was accepted【答案】D【详解】句意：——你今天看起来很开心！——我举办聚会的建议昨天被班上同学接受了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“by my class”可知句子应使用被动语态，其结构为“主语+be done (过去分词)+其他”，所以排除A、C；再根据时间状语“yesterday”可知，应是一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。7．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—Shawn is _______ to be one of the finest doctors of his generation（同代人）.—He was born to study medicine and has saved many people’s lives.A．wished B．considered C．taught D．chosen【答案】B【详解】句意：——肖恩被认为是他那一代最优秀的医生之一 。——他生来就是学医的，救了很多人的命。考查动词辨析。wished希望；considered认为；taught教；chosen选择。根据“He was born to study medicine and has saved many people’s lives.”可知肖恩具有学医天赋，并挽救多人生命，因此他被认为是他那一代最优秀的医生之一。故选B。8．（2023·湖北武汉·统考模拟预测）—Are you going to Tom’s birthday party this Sunday? —Unless I ________.A．am inviting B．will be invited C．am invited D．will be inviting【答案】C【详解】句意：——这个星期天你要去Tom的生日派对吗？——除非我被邀请。考查条件状语从句和被动语态。根据“Are you going to Tom’s birthday party this Sunday?”和“Unless I...”可知，答句是unless引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句应是一般现在时，排除选项B和D；答句应是表示“除非被邀请去派对，否则就不去”，从句是被动语态，所以从句用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语结构是am/is/are done。故选C。9．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·二模）Too much time ________ on computer games by most teenagers every day. Their parents are worried about their health and study.A．is wasting B．is wasted C．was wasted D．wasted【答案】B【详解】句意：大多数青少年每天在电脑游戏上浪费了太多的时间。他们的父母担心他们的健康和学习。考查时态和语态。主语“Too much time”与动词waste之间是动宾关系，结合“every day”可知用一般现在时的被动语态is wasted。故选B。10．（2023·河北衡水·统考二模）Every day, too much water . I think everyone should take action to save it.A．wastes B．is wasted C．wasted D．was wasted【答案】B【详解】句意：每天，太多的水被浪费。我认为每个人都应该采取行动来拯救它。考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据题干，可知主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态，时态是一般现在时，主语water是不可数名词，接is+过去分词。故选B。11．（2023·湖南株洲·统考一模）These books ________ in Russian. I can’t read them.A．will be written B．is written C．are written【答案】C【详解】句意：这些书是用俄语写的。我看不懂。考查被动语态。根据“These books”并结合选项单词可知，“书”和“写”为被动关系，故应用“be done”结构，且句子表示事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are，故选C。12．（2023·辽宁盘锦·三模）The Ministry of Education（教育部）announces that mobile phones ________ to take into school in China now because they are bad for the students.A．haven’t allowed B．are allowed C．aren’t allowed D．allow【答案】C【详解】句意：教育部宣布，中国现在不允许将手机带入学校，因为手机对学生有害。考查被动语态。此句含有宾语从句，从句中主语“mobile phones”和谓语动词allow构成动宾关系，应用被动语态，其构成为“be+过去分词”，根据“because they are bad for the students.”可知学校不许带手机，应用否定形式，故选C。13．（2023·湖北十堰·统考三模）—When shall we go and play basketball?—Not until the work ________ tomorrow.A．is finished B．have finished C．will be finished D．will finish【答案】A【详解】句意：——我们将什么时候去打篮球？——直到明天工作被完成。考查主将从现。分析答语可知句子为含有until引导时间状语从句的复合句，遵循“主将从现”的原则，此处从句时态为一般现在时，而主语work和谓语动词finish之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其谓语结构为“be+done”，故选A。14．（2023·河北唐山·统考二模）A lot of flowers ________ in the park last year.A．plant B．are planted C．planted D．were planted【答案】D【详解】句意：去年公园里种了很多花。考查被动语态。根据“last year”可知，此处用一般过去时，主语与动词plant之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般过去时被动语态，故选D。15．（2023·河北秦皇岛·统考三模）Nowadays, more and more actions _________ to reduce the waste of food.A．are taken B．have taken C．take D．are taking【答案】A【详解】句意：如今，人们采取了越来越多的措施来减少食物浪费。考查动词时态和语态。主语actions与动词take之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，结合Nowadays可知，用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are+动词过去分词”，主语是复数，be动词用are，故选A。二、语法填空（2023·陕西西安·模拟预测）According to a survey, Chinese college students want to do volunteer work and would like to help those in need. If they 16 whether they are willing to help elderly people who fall over in the street, most of their answers will be “yes”. The question of what is the right thing to do when an old person 17 over in the street has been discussed for a long time. Once, a man called Peng Yu helped an old woman who fell over in Nanjing, Jiangsu province. The woman later said that she was knocked down by Peng and asked Peng 18 forty percent of her medical costs after Peng sent her to the hospital. At that time, many people 19 this event would have a bad influence. However, a report found that 91.6 percent of students who were surveyed still said that they would help an elderly person when he or she needed help. Most of the college students would like to take part in the volunteer work. They think helping 20 is what they should do. But learning to be more professional in helping people is also very important. It’s suggested that more professional training 21 be offered. This way, more people can take part in volunteer work 22 than usual. There 23 different kinds of volunteer work including environmental protection, community services, teaching in faraway villages, visiting the old at old people’s homes and so on. And 83.1 percent of college students actually do volunteer work every year. Volunteer work not only plays an important role in developing young people’s skills, but also gives them a feeling of 24 . What’s more, volunteer work is of great value for the young as well as the wider society. So more people should be encouraged to take part in volunteer work 25 can make a better world. Well, what will you do to make a difference to the world?16．A．ask B．are asked C．asked D．were asked17．A．fall B．fell C．falls D．fallen18．A．pay B．to pay C．paying D．paid19．A．worry B．worried C．worry about D．worried about20．A．other B．the other C．another D．others21．A．should B．need C．might D．may22．A．active B．more active C．actively D．more actively23．A．is B．are C．was D．were24．A．satisfy B．satisfying C．satisfaction D．satisfied25．A．who B．whose C．whom D．which【答案】16．B 17．C 18．B 19．B 20．D 21．A 22．D 23．B 24．C 25．D【导语】本文通过举例彭玉的故事来号召大家多做志愿者活动，来创造更好更温暖的世界。16．句意：如果有人问他们是否愿意帮助在街上摔倒的老人，他们大多数的回答都会是“愿意”。ask问，动词原形；are asked一般现在时的被动语态；asked过去式或过去分词；were asked一般过去时的被动语态。they与ask之间是被动关系，根据“most of their answers will be ‘yes’.”可知此句时态是一般现在时，因此是一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。17．句意：当老人在街上摔倒时该怎么做这个问题已经讨论了很长时间了。fall摔倒，动词原形；fell过去式；falls第三人称单数；fallen过去分词。根据“The question of what is the right thing to do”可知此句时态是一般现在时，主语是an old person，谓语动词用三单。故选C。18．句意：这名妇女后来说，她被彭撞倒了，在彭送她去医院后，她要求彭支付40%的医疗费用。pay支付，动词原形；to pay不定式；paying现在分词或动名词；paid过去式。ask sb to do sth表示“让某人做某事”，不定式作宾补。故选B。19．句意：那时，很多人担心这件事会有不好的影响。worry担忧，动词原形；worried过去式或过去分词；worry about动词短语；worried about过去式。根据“ At that time,”可知描述过去的事，用一般过去时，此句是宾语从句。故选B。20．句意：他们认为帮助其他人是他们应该做的事。other泛指其他的；the other一定范围的其他的；another泛指三者或三者以上另一个；others其他的人或物。空后没有名词，且表泛指，用others。故选D。21．句意：建议应该提供更多的专业培训。should应该；need需要；might可能，过去式；may可能。根据“It’s suggested that more professional training”可知此处是建议应该做某事。故选A。22．句意：这样很多人都会比平时更积极地参与到志愿工作中。active活跃的，形容词；more active形容词比较级；actively活跃地，副词；more actively副词比较级。根据than可知，此处用比较级，此空为副词修饰动词。故选D。23．句意：有不同种类的志愿者工作，包括环境保护，社区服务，在遥远的村庄教学，在老人院探望老人等等。is是，主语是第三人称单数；are主语是复数或第二人称；was过去式，主语是单数；were过去式，主语是复数或第二人称。描述事实，用一般现在时，主语是different kinds of volunteer work，复数，be动词用are。故选B。24．句意：志愿工作不仅在发展年轻人的技能方面起着重要作用，而且也给他们一种满足感。satisfy满足，动词；satisfying动名词或现在分词；satisfaction满意，名词；satisfied满意的，形容词。根据“a feeling of ”可知此处是名词of格，此空为名词。故选C。25．句意：因此，应该鼓励更多的人参加志愿者工作，这可以使世界变得更美好。who谁；whose谁的；whom谁，宾语；which哪个。此句是宾语从句，先行词是物，用which引导。故选D。三、用所给单词适当形式填空26．（2023·江苏淮安·校考一模）The champion (present) with a gold at tomorrow’s meeting.【答案】will be presented【详解】句意：冠军将在明天的比赛中获得一枚金牌。present“颁发”，主语the champion与谓语动词“颁发”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且由“at tomorrow’s meeting”可知，时态是一般将来时，所以该空用一般将来时的被动语态“will be+过去分词”，present的过去分词是presented。故填will be presented。27．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）In order to make Yongzhou City more beautiful, trees and flowers should （plant）every year.【答案】be planted【详解】句意：为了让用永州更漂亮，每年应该种树和花。主语trees and flowers与plant是动宾关系，因此是含情态动词的被动语态。故填be planted。28．（2023·内蒙古包头·包钢第三中学校考三模）Mr. White said his children were not to use mobile phones before the age of 13. (allow)【答案】allowed【详解】句意：怀特先生说他的孩子们不允许13岁之前用手机。his children与allow之间是动宾关系，因此用被动语态，allow过去分词为allowed。故填allowed。29．（2023·江苏无锡·校考二模）—Are the police going to tell the details of the case to the public?—Not until the thief (catch).【答案】is caught【详解】句意：——警方会把案件细节告诉公众吗？——直到小偷被抓住才会。until引导的时间状语从句遵循主将从现原则，从句用一般现在时，且主语the thief与catch之间存在动宾关系，应用被动语态，结构是is/are done，主语是单数，系动词用is。故填is caught。30．（2023·江苏南京·统考二模）There were few trees before, and we (hit) by sandstorms seriously in spring.【答案】were hit【详解】句意：以前树很少，春天我们遭受了严重的沙尘暴袭击。根据“we…by sandstorms”可知要用被动语态，hit“袭击”，过去分词也是hit。由“were”可知，要用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是we，be动词用were。故填were hit。31．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）The telephone (invent) by the famous inventor, Bell.【答案】was invented【详解】句意：电话是由著名的发明家贝尔发明的。根据下文“by the famous inventor, Bell”可知，句子应用被动语态，且根据语境可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的事，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，即“was/were +过去分词”结构。且主语为“telephone”，故be动词应用was。故填was invented。32．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）The little baby that felt sleepy (lay) on the bed after her mommy came back home.【答案】was laid【详解】句意：妈妈回家后，感到困倦的小宝宝被放在床上。分析句子成分可知，本句是复合句。主句主语是The little baby，是谓语动词lay的承受者，根据从句时态可知，主句采用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。主语是第三人称单数，be动词为was。故填was laid。33．（2023·江苏无锡·统考二模）Thousands of people (leave) homeless in the earthquake which happened in Turkey in February, 2023.【答案】were left【详解】句意：在2023年2月土耳其发生的地震中，成千上万的人无家可归。分析句子及所给词，主语people与谓语动词leave之间为被动关系，表示“被迫失去家园”；本句为一般过去时，故此处为一般过去时的被动语态，结构为：was/were + 动词过去分词；动词leave的过去分词为left“离开”；主语“Thousands of people”是复数，故be动词应用were。故填were；left。34．（2023·江苏扬州·统考二模）To learn English well, students should be to speak as much as possible. (encourage)【答案】encouraged【详解】句意：为了学好英语，应该鼓励学生尽可能多说。根据“students should be”可知，此处为被动语态，构成为：be +动词过去分词，结合句意可知，此处应表达“学生应该被鼓励”，encourage“鼓励”，动词，此处应用过去分词形式。故填encouraged。35．（2023·湖南永州·统考二模）English (speak) all over the world and we’d try to learn it well.【答案】is spoken【详解】句意：全世界都说英语，我们会努力把它学好。“English”与“speak”之间，逻辑上是被动关系，英语应是被说，be spoken意为“被说”，又因为“English”指的是一种语言，为单数，所以用 is；根据句意可知，本句时态为一般现在时。故填is spoken。36．（2023·江苏南京·统考一模）For the first time, this year’s Oscar for Best Actress (present) to Michelle Yeoh, an Asian woman.【答案】was presented【详解】句意：第一次，今年最佳女演员的奥斯卡金像奖被颁给了杨紫琼，一名亚洲女士。主语是“this year’s Oscar”，是动作的承受者，所以应用被动语态。根据语境分析可知，时态为一般过去时。且主语为单数，所以用was presented。故填was presented。37．（2023·江苏淮安·统考一模）My washing machine (control) by my smartphone when I’m not at home.【答案】is controlled【详解】句意：当我不在家时，我的洗衣机是由我的智能手机控制的。此句是when引导的时间状语从句，从句时态为一般现在时，主句时态也用一般现在时，主语和动词control是动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语是第三人称单数。故填is controlled。38．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）Both water and food (give) to the athletes who took part in Wuxi Marathon last month.【答案】were given【详解】句意：水和食物都被给到上个月参加无锡马拉松的运动员了。句子主语是“Both water and food”，所以空格处应用被动语态，其结构是“be done”，又因为“last month”可知，该句是一般过去时，所以空格处要用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were given。39．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）In HK Disneyland, visitors (allow) to get closer to cartoon characters.【答案】are allowed【详解】句意：在香港迪士尼乐园，游客们被允许更接近卡通角色。根据语意分析可知，游客们是“被允许”的含义，所以应该用被动语态“be动词+动词过去分词”。分析语境可知，在描述一件事实，所以应该用一般现在时的被动语态。又根据主语是visitors游客们 ，可数名词复数。所以be动词用are。故填are allowed。40．（2023·江苏无锡·统考一模）Luckily, many traditional art forms like Wuxi Opera (pass) on and stay alive.【答案】are passed【详解】句意：幸运的是，许多传统艺术形式，如锡剧，得以传承并存活下来。根据语境，主语“art forms”与动词短语“pass on”为动宾关系，故应用被动语态，根据“stay”提示，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，且be动词应用are。故填are passed。1．（2023·河北·统考中考真题）Breakfast ________ every day for people aged over 60 for free in this village.A．provides B．provided C．is provided D．was provided【答案】C【详解】句意：这个村子每天为60岁以上的老人免费提供早餐。考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语Breakfast是动作provide的承受者，结合“every day”可知，是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。2．（2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题）The panda Ya Ya ________ back to China on April 27th, 2023.A．is brought B．was brought C．will be brought【答案】B【详解】句意：大熊猫丫丫于2023年4月27日被带回中国。考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，结合时间状语“on April 27th, 2023”可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。3．（2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题）—Can he get the first prize in the race?—He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.A．will expect to do B．is expected doingC．has expected doing D．was expected to do【答案】D【详解】句意：——他能在比赛中获得第一名吗？——大家都希望他这样，但他只是把腿弄伤了。现在不可能了。考查动词时态和语态。主语He和expect之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，结合“but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.”可知，期望的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，be expected to do sth“被期望做某事”，固定短语，故选D。4．（2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题）Sand turns to glass when it ________ by lightning.A．hits B．is hit C．is hitting D．will be hit【答案】B【详解】句意：沙子被闪电击中会变成玻璃。考查语态。句子主语it指代的是“Sand”，与动词hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，陈述事实用一般现在时，故选B。5．（2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题）The cake ______ by the hungry students quickly yesterday.A．eats B．is eaten C．was eaten【答案】C【详解】句意：昨天，那个蛋糕被饥饿的学生们很快吃完了。考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“yesterday”可知句子应用一般过去时，主语The cake与动词eat存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选C。6．（2023·天津·统考中考真题）Some photos of the moon ________ in the Space Club next week.A．shows B．is showing C．were shown D．will be shown【答案】D【详解】句意：一些月球的照片将于下周在太空俱乐部展出。考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“next week”可知句子应用一般将来时，主语Some photos of the moon与动词show存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此句子应用一般将来时的被动语态，其谓语结构为：will be+过去分词。故选D。7．（2023·江西·统考中考真题）Hou Yi ________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it.A．gives B．has given C．gave D．was given【答案】D【详解】句意：后羿因为射下了九个太阳而得到了神药，然后逄蒙想偷走它。考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语Hou Yi与谓语动词give是被动关系，又根据“then Pang Meng tried to steal it”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用was，故选D。8．（2023·安徽·统考中考真题）Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into schools.A．introduce B．introduced C．are introduced D．were introduced【答案】D【详解】句意：自从计算机被引入学校以来，它们对学习方法产生了很大的影响。考查时态和语态。since引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主语“they”指代“Computers”，与谓语动词introduce“引进”之间是动宾关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态（were done）。故选D。9．（2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题）To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year.A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted【答案】D【详解】句意：为了使环境更好，明年将种植更多的树。考查一般将来时被动语态。主语more trees与动词plant之间被动关系，结合next year可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故选D。10．（2023·四川泸州·统考中考真题）The 18th China International Alcoholic Drinks Expo (CIADE) ________ in Luzhou from April 13th to April 16th, 2023.A．was held B．is held C．will be held D．has been held【答案】D【详解】句意：第十八届中国国际酒类博览会于2023年4月13日至4月16日在泸州举行。考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据“The 18th China International Alcoholic Drinks Expo (CIADE) … in Luzhou from April 13th to April 16th, 2023.”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，表示一段时间内的状态，主语和动词hold之间为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态“has/have been done”。故选D。11．（2023·四川达州·统考中考真题）—Would you mind telling me if he ________ the meeting in two days?—He won’t, unless he ________.A．will attend, is invited B．attends, will be invited C．will attend, invites【答案】A【详解】句意：——你介意告诉我他两天后是否会参加会议吗？——除非有人邀请，否则他不会参加的。考查时态和语态。第一处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，结合“in two days”可知，用一般将来时“will do”，排除B；分析“He won’t, unless he...”可知，该句是以unless引导的时间状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”，从句主语he是动作的承受者，所以用一般现在时被动语态“is done”，故选A。12．（2023·四川凉山·统考中考真题）—We’re so proud that China is getting stronger and stronger.—Yes. As you can see, Chinese ________ by more and more foreigners.A．learns B．is learned C．was learned【答案】B【详解】句意：——我们为中国越来越强大感到骄傲。——是的。正如你所看到的，越来越多的外国人学习汉语。考查被动语态。主语Chinese和动词learn之间是被动关系，结合语境可知现在汉语被越来越多的外国人学习，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。13．（2023·四川成都·统考中考真题）A great number of beautiful flowers ________ on the second ring road in Chengdu these days.A．plant B．are planted C．are planting【答案】B【详解】句意：这些天，成都的二环路上种了许多美丽的花。考查被动语态。主语和动词plant之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态：be done。故选B。14．（2023·新疆·中考真题）The Wandering Earth II ___________ with the public since it came out.A．has been successful B．is successfulC．was successful D．will be successful【答案】A【详解】句意：《流浪地球2》自上映以来就大获成功。考查动词的时态。根据“since it came out”可知，句子应该用现在完成时。故选A。15．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—Hanfu lovers ________ walking down the street in many cities.—Well, wearing hanfu helps to understand the Chinese culture.A．can be found B．can findC．must be found D．must find【答案】A【详解】句意：——在许多城市的大街上都能找到汉服爱好者。——嗯，穿汉服有助于了解中国文化。考查被动语态。can能够；must必须。“Hanfu lovers”与find是被动关系，所以此处用被动语态，排除B和D选项。此处表示能在大街上找到汉服爱好者，故选A。16．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese character. It ________ by people of all ages.A．is loved B．was loved C．will love D．is loving【答案】A【详解】句意：孙悟空是中国的一个传统人物。它受到所有年龄段的人的喜爱。考查被动语态及动词时态。根据“by”可知，此处是被动语态，指孙悟空被人们喜爱。本句陈述事实，故为一般现在时。故选A。17．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）We ________ friends since I came to this school.A．are B．were C．will be D．have been【答案】D【详解】句意：自从我来到这所学校，我们就一直是朋友。考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，故选D。18．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Tea is very popular in the world. It ________ in many different areas in China now.A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was produced【答案】C【详解】句意：茶在世界上很受欢迎。现在中国许多不同的地区都产茶。考查被动语态。根据now可知，此句是一般现在时，主语It与动词produce之间是被动关系，所以此处用一般现在时被动语态am/is/are done的结构，故选C。 句型构成例句肯定句主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... )English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。否定句主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…)English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)?—Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗?—Yes, he was. 是的，他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不，他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)?Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?时态结构例句一般现在时主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他History is made by the people. 历史是人们创造的。These books are designed for children. 这些书是为孩子们设计的。一般过去时主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他The letter was written in English. 这封信是用英语写的。The cars were made in Shanghai. 这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语 + will be + 过去分词 + 其他Your job will be kept open for your return. 你的工作将保留到你回来。When will the work be finished? 这项工作什么时候完成？现在进行时主语+ am/is/am + being + 过去分词 +其他A new railway is being built. 一条新铁路正在修建。Because my car is being repaired, I have to go to work by taxi. 因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+ was/were + being + 过去分词+ 其他The hall was being built last year. I’ m not sure if it is completed. 这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。The road was being widened when I passed by the village. 当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语 +have/has been + 过去分词 + 其他He has been sent to work in Shanghai. 他已经被派往上海工作了。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Friday? 运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？过去完成时主语 + had been + 过去分词 + 其他The room had been broken into before we came. 我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。A new hotel had been built when I got there. 我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他Her temperature should be taken twice a day. 她的体温应该一天量两次。If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受热，水会变成蒸气。用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者How is this word pronounced? 这个单词怎么发音？The book was published in 2005. 这本书是2005年出版的。强调动作的承受者School will be opened in our village. 我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。当动作的执行者是泛指时He is suspected of robbing the bank. 有人怀疑他抢劫银行。表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者I have been told many times not to make noises. 有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。句法修饰的需要The lecture will be made by Joe, who is a young musician from Italy. 乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。It is reported that he is a professor from New Zealand. 据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by + 主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。The famous professor gave two lectures in English.→Two lectures were given (by the famous professor) in English. 那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。They often ask some questions after class. →Some questions are often asked (by them) after class. 他们经常在课后问一些问题。含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 间接宾语+ 直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。The doctor gave me some good advice on the pronunciation.→I was given some good advice on the pronunciation.→Some good advice was given to me on the pronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语 + 宾语 +宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。We call him Li Hua.→He is called Li Hua. 我们叫他李华。They painted the room white.→The room was painted white. 他们把房间刷成了白色。【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂be seen/heard/found/observed/noticed/made to do sth＂。They saw her enter the meeting room just now.→She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。They take good care of these children.→These children are taken good care of. 他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。We should make full use of the good chance.→The good chance should be made full use of. 我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。情况例句说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。The cloth washes well. 这种布料很容易洗.A freshly baked cake doesn’ t cut easily. 刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。This piece of music sounds good. 这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。The bike needs repairing. 这辆自行车需要修理。Your hair wants cutting. 你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：be seated 坐着，就座 be hidden 躲藏 be lost 迷路be drunk 喝醉 be dressed 穿着
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