第16讲 冠词(讲义)-备战2024中考英语一轮复习精品课件+讲义+练习(全国通用)
展开►第16讲 冠词 (讲义)【复习目标】 1.掌握冠词的基本用法2.掌握常用固定搭配3.掌握不定冠词a和an的区别4.弄清冠词的位置【考情分析】 冠词是一种虚词,是名词的一种标志,不能独立担任任何句子成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查,往往集中于a、an的用法区别,定冠词的用法,不用冠词的情况,习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主,有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。【网络构建】 考向一 定冠词No.1定冠词的基本用法1.用表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物,或指上文已提到过的人或事物。Take your time--it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant. 不着急--从这里到那家餐馆只有很短的一段距离。2.用在世界上独一无二的名词前。 The sun is shining brightly.太阳明亮地照耀着。易错点:有些事物虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如:space太空,nature自然,man人类等。3.用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面。 Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?这是你第一次游览青岛吗? The greatest talkers are always the least doers.言语的巨人往往是行动的矮子。易混点:定冠词the可以用于二者之中的比较级前表示最高级的含义。 Jim is the thinner of the two boys.吉姆是两个男孩中比较瘦的那个。形容词only, very, same修饰名词时前面用定冠词the。 He is the very boy that I have been looking for.他就是我一直在寻找的那个男孩。4.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。The Greens are on holiday now.格林夫妇一家现在正在度假。 The Lis were watching TV when the lights went off.姓李的那家人正在看电视,突然停电了。用于形容词或分词前,表示一类人或物。the rich富人;the wounded伤员; Life is like an ocean: only the strong-willed can reach the shore.生活就像是一片海洋,只有意志坚定的人才可以到达彼岸。演奏的西洋乐器前一定要加定冠词。 He often plays the piano after finishing his homework. 他常常写完作业后弹钢琴。易错点: (1)如果只是提到这种乐器,而不是演奏,则不一定用定冠词。 He bought a piano for his daughter.他为女儿买了一架钢琴。 (2)用汉语拼音表示的乐器前不用冠词。 Play erhu拉二胡 play pipa弹琵琶用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。It is said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.据说在十七世纪的时候玉米在西藏大量种植。用在表示计量的名词前,表示“以......计算”如:by the hour, by the day, by the dozen, by the yard等。 He pays the rent by the month.他按月付房租。易混点: 如果表示单位的名 词为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如:by weight/ height等。 Cherries are sold by weight. 樱桃按重量销售。8.“动词+sb+介词+the+身体某一部位”结构中,用the而不用物主代词。The police caught the thief by the arm.警察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 The old woman led the boy by the hand.那位老太太牵着男孩的手。注意:在be red in the face (脸红),be lame in the right leg (右腿瘸),be blind in the eye (眼睛失明)等结构中,名词前也要用the。用在句型“the +比较级..., the+比较级...”中,表示“越......就越......”。 The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越小心,出的错就越少。用于由普通名词构成的专有名词以及表示海洋、山川、河流、岛屿、国家、党派、杂志、机构、条约等的专有名词前。 The Warsaw Treaty华沙条约; the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡; the Senate参议院; the Atlantic大西洋; The Thames泰晤士河; 节日前不用冠词,但我国的传统节日前用定冠词。 Teh Spring Festival春节; the Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节; 表示在具体的地点、方位、时间或某天的一部分的名词前。 on the left/right在左边/右边 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。No.2 定冠词的固定搭配考向 二 不定冠词No.1不定冠词的基本用法1.不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain,意为“一个”,或首次提到的泛指的人或事物。A young man wants to see you.有个年轻人想见你。用在某些物质名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等。 Green tea is a wonderful tea.绿茶是一种很好的茶。 What a heavy rain!多大的一场雨啊!3.表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个。A dog is a faithful animal.狗是忠诚的动物。=Dogs are faithful animals.表示“一个”,与one同源,但数的概念没有one强烈。 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过二鸟在林。易混点:通常成对出现的物品,一般只用一个不定冠词。如:a knife and fork一副刀叉。5.用在表示数量、长度、时间、重量等的计数单位的名词前,表示“每一”相当于every, each, per等,。The car moves 100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。易错点:不定冠词在句中的位置such a/an+单数可数名词;quite a/an+单数可数名词;rather a/an+单数可数名词。如果修饰名词的形容词前有so, as, too, how等副词,则不定冠词一般放在形容词和名词之间。He is as clever a boy as Tom.他是一个像汤姆一样聪明的男孩。It is too difficult a book for beginners.这本书对初学者来说太难了。No.2不定冠词的特殊用法用在序数词前,强调在原有基础上“又,再”。“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,表示“又一,再一”; When I sat down, a fifth man rose to speak.我坐下后,第五个人又起来发言。 I want a second cup of coffee.我想再要一杯咖啡。(暗含已经喝了一杯。)另外,不定冠词a用于“most+形容词原级”之前无比较含义,表示程度,意为“很,非常”。—Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?—The younger one.He is a most humorous man.年轻的那个。他是一个非常幽默的人。 This is a most troublesome case.这是一个很麻烦的案子。用在of之后,表示属性,意思是“同样,一样”,相当于the same。 They are of an age.他们一样大。 The two rooms are of a size.这两个房间一样大。4.抽象名词具体化的情况下,不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词前,表示具体的人或事物。It is a success for a country to host the Olympic Games.对于一个国家来说,主办奥运会是一件成功的事。 这类词常见的有:success, failure, comfort, danger, beauty等。5.用在某些表示情绪的抽象名词前,表示“一种,一类”等。 It’s a pleasure to meet you here.在这儿见到你是一件很高兴的事。 It’s an honor to be invited to the party.很荣幸应邀参加晚会。No.3不定冠词a与an的区别以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况:①有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音,即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的,要使用an,如:an hour,an honest man。②有些单词以元音字母开头,但该单词的读音实际上是以辅音音素开头,要使用a,如:a university, a European country。易错点: university中的u读作/ju/, European中的Eu读作/ju/,都以半元音/j/开头, 故其前面用a 不用an。hour中的h不发音,以元音音素开头,故前面用an不用a。 There is an “f” in the word “face”. an h/ l/m//n/x/s等均是依据音素为原因而定。No.4不定冠词的固定搭配考向三 零冠词No. 1零冠词的基本用法不可数名词、复数名词表示泛指,用零冠词。 Children like cartoons.孩子们喜欢卡通片。 Music can bring people pleasure.音乐可以给人带来愉悦。名词前面有this, that ,my, your, some ,each, no, any, kind of ,type of等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词以及名词所有格等限定词作定语时不用冠词。 Her heart was beating wildly with fear.她的心因害怕而狂跳不已。 She is not my type of woman.她不是我心目中的那类女人。表示独一无二的的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时不用冠词。 Mr Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.小组的头头史密斯先生将全面制定这次旅行的计划。Jim was made monitor for this month.吉姆当选这个月的班长。街道名、广场、公园名和大学名前不加冠词。 Chang’an Street长安街; Tian’an Men Square天安门广场; Yale University耶鲁大学季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科、球类、棋类等名称前一般不加冠词。Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。易错点: 在有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期及世上独一无二的事物的名词等前时,通常使用不定冠词。I was invited to have a good breakfast and the restaurant we went to was excellent.我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐,并且我们去的餐馆也很好。The old couple sat together, enjoying a bright moon.那对老夫妇坐在一起欣赏一轮明月。在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。 by bike/car/ship/plane/air/train乘自行车/汽车/轮船/飞机/飞机/火车 易混点:take a bus, in a boat, on the train/bus结构中需用冠词。7.在as/though引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词前不加冠词。Child as/though she is, she knows too much French.尽管她是一个孩子,但她懂很多法语。8.系动词turn后跟表职业的名词时,名词前不加冠词。The young girl has turned writer.→The young girl has become a writer.这个年轻女孩已经成为一位作家。Man泛指“人类”,word指“消息”时,其前不用冠词。 Man can conquer nature.人定胜天。 Word came that he would be sent abroad.消息传来他将被派出国。10.不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用。高考中常见的不可数名词有:baggage, luggage, furniture, health, weather, fun, space (太空), advice, progress, information, news, luck, wealth (财产)等。Beyond the stars, the astronaut saw nothing but space.除了星星,那个宇航员只看见太空,看不到别的东西。 易混点:(1)抽象名词表示具体事物时,变为可数名词,可被a/an修饰,也可有复数形式。专有名词、不可数名词(包括物质名词、抽象名词)、人名、称呼语、头衔、职务、季节、年代、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称、球类、棋类和表示泛指的名词前都不用冠词。如:China, Canada, James, Shanghai, Saturday, Women’s Day等。但上述类名词如果被一个限制性定语所修饰,表示特定的一个,要加定冠词the。如果表示该类名词中一个具有类似属性的普通一员时,名词前要用不定冠词a/an。 He joined the party in the Spring of 2021.他在2021年的春天入了党。 The breakfast today was terrible.今天的早饭糟透了。 We had a wonderful supper.我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。No.2 零冠词的固定搭配No.3 固定搭配中含有零冠词和定冠词意义不同的情况考向四 冠词的位置【助学记忆】1. 名词前用不用冠词,用哪一个冠词,一般取决于三个基本因素:①是可数名词,还是不可数名词;②是单数名词,还是复数名词;③是特指,还是泛指。2. 单数可数名词前除非有其他限定词(如指示代词、物主代词等)修饰,否则必须要加冠词。一、单项选择1.(2023·吉林长春·吉林省实验校考模拟预测)Alice is talented in playing ________ piano. She wants to be a pianist when she grows up.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】C【详解】句意:爱丽丝在弹钢琴方面很有天赋。她长大后想成为一名钢琴家。考查冠词。a表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指,用于西方乐器、方位、序数词、最高级等前;/零冠词,季节、月份、学科、球类、三餐等前不需要冠词。piano“钢琴”,为西方乐器,前面需要用定冠词the,play the piano表示“弹钢琴”。故选C。2.(2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆八中校考模拟预测)“You are welcome” is ________ old way to reply to “Thanks”.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】B【详解】句意:“You are welcome”是回复“Thanks”的一种古老的方式。考查冠词辨析。a表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an表泛指用于以元音音素开头的单词前;定冠词the表特指;/没有冠词。本句中的way泛指“方式”,是单数名词,需用不定冠词修饰;且old以元音音素开头,可知需用an。故选B。3.(2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测)—It’s _______ nice day, isn’t it? —Yes, we can play outside!A.an B.the C.a D./【答案】C【详解】句意:——这是一个好天气,不是吗?——是的,我们可以在外面玩!考查冠词。an一个,修饰元音音素开头的单词;the那个,表示特指;a一个,修饰辅音音素开头的单词;/零冠词。day是单数可数名词,此处表示泛指,用不定冠词修饰,nice是以辅音音素开头,因此用a修饰,故选C。4.(2023·四川凉山·模拟预测)On May 31, 2021, China introduced a new policy (政策), allowing all families to have ________ third child to increase the nation’s birthrate (出生率).A.a B.the C.an D.\【答案】A【详解】句意:2021年5月31日,中国出台了一项新政策,允许所有家庭生育第三个孩子,以提高国家的出生率。考查冠词。根据“third child to increase the nation’s birthrate”可知是再要一个孩子,表示“再,又”用“不定冠词+序数词”,third以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故选A。5.(2023·重庆江北·校考三模)Bob loves physics so he wants to be ________ engineer when he grows up.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】B【详解】句意:鲍勃喜欢物理,所以他想要长大后成为一名工程师。考查冠词。a一个,修饰辅音音素开头的单词;an一个,修饰元音音素开头的单词;the那个,表示特指;/零冠词。此处泛指“一名工程师”,engineer以元音音素开头,因此用不定冠词an修饰,故选B。6.(2023·四川广元·统考一模)—Mike still told the truth, though he had nothing to do with the broken glass.—________ honest boy he is!A.How a B.What a C.How D.What an【答案】D【详解】句意:——迈克仍然说了实话,尽管他和碎玻璃没有任何关系。——他是一个多么诚实的孩子啊!考查感叹句及不定冠词。感叹句的中心词boy是可数名词单数,此处用“What a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓”结构;honest以元音音素开头,其前用不定冠词an。故选D。7.(2023·甘肃定西·校考模拟预测)Mr. Smith is ________ old man and he usually walks his dog after ________ supper.A.a; the B.an; a C.an; / D.the; /【答案】C【详解】句意:史密斯先生是个老人,他通常在晚饭后遛狗。考查冠词。a不定冠词,表示泛指,用于辅音音素之前;an不定冠词,表示泛指,用于元音音素之前;the定冠词,表示特指;/不填。根据语境,空一表示泛指一个老人,且old发音的第一个音素是元音因素,应用an;三餐前不加冠词,所以第二空不填。故选C。8.(2023·江苏镇江·统考一模)The young man always gives a helping hand to ________ old in his community.A.a B.an C.the D.不填【答案】C【详解】句意:这个年轻人总是帮助他社区里的老人。考查冠词的用法。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用在以元音音素开头的单词前;the这个,定冠词,表特指;不填,就是零冠词。分析句子可知,此处使用定冠词the,the+形容词,表示一类人,the old表示“老年人”。 故选C。9.(2023·新疆乌鲁木齐·乌市一中校考模拟预测)Everyone should play ________ part in saving ________ earth.A.a; an B.a; the C.the; / D.the; an【答案】B【详解】句意:每个人都应该为拯救地球尽一份力。考查冠词。play a part in“起……作用”,为固定短语;earth是独一无二的事物,前面需要定冠词the。故选B。10.(2023·福建泉州·统考二模)Li Dazhao was ________ pioneer of the Chinese revolution. Many people admire him till now.A.a B.an C.the【答案】A【详解】句意:李大钊是中国革命的先驱。直到现在很多人还仰慕他。考查冠词的用法。根据“Li Dazhao was ... pioneer of the Chinese revolution.”可知,此处表示泛指一位中国革命的先驱,且pioneer是辅音音素开头的,因此用不定冠词a。故选A。11.(2023·湖南湘西·统考二模)—Do you know Yao Ming?—Yes, of course. He is a famous basketball player. He can play ________ basketball well.A.a B./ C.the【答案】B【详解】句意:——你知道姚明吗?——是的,当然。他是一位著名的篮球运动员。他篮球打得很好。考查冠词。球类运动前不加任何冠词,故选B。12.(2023·福建厦门·统考二模)One of the most important traditions in China is to respect ________ old.A.a B.an C.the【答案】C【详解】句意:尊老是中国最重要的传统之一。考查冠词的用法。根据“One of the most important traditions in China is to respect ... old.”可知,此处是“the+形容词”表示某一类人。故选C。13.(2023·江苏宿迁·校联考一模)—Who is the boy in a purple coat over there? —He’s my cousin Judy. He can play ________ guitar well.A.the B.an C.a D./【答案】A【详解】句意:——那边穿紫色上衣的男孩是谁?——他是我的表哥Judy。他弹吉他非常棒。考查冠词辨析。the定冠词,表特指;an一,不定冠词,表泛指,用在元音音素开头的单词前;a一,不定冠词,表泛指,用在辅音音素开头的单词前;/零冠词。play the guitar“弹吉他”,琴类前通常加定冠词the,故选A。14.(2023·江苏宿迁·统考二模)David is good at playing ________ piano although he is only 5 years old.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】C【详解】句意:大卫虽然只有5岁,却擅长弹钢琴。考查冠词。不定冠词a/an表泛指,a用在以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前,an用在以元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前;定冠词the表特指。play与西洋乐器连用时,用定冠词the。故选C。15.(2023·湖南株洲·统考二模)There is a pen on the desk. ________ pen is purple.A.A B.An C.The【答案】C【详解】句意:桌子上有一支钢笔。这支钢笔是紫色的。考查冠词用法。a不定冠词,表泛指,用在辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用在元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。空格后的pen是前文提到的,所以此空应填定冠词the,故选C。16.(2023·福建福州·福建省福州外国语学校校考三模)—Did you have ________ fun at the party? —Yes. It came to ________ end at midnight.A.a; / B./; an C.a; an【答案】B【详解】句意:——你在聚会上玩得开心吗? ——是的。它在午夜才结束。考查动词短语和冠词辨析:a一,不定冠词,用在辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,不定冠词,用在元音音素开头的单词前;/零冠词。have fun“玩得开心”,come to an end“结束”,end“结束”,为元音音素开头单词,其前应用an,故选B。17.(2023·重庆九龙坡·重庆实验外国语学校校考三模)—Jane, have you heard of Martin Luther King? —Yes. He is __________ person who gave a speech called I have a dream.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】C【详解】句意:——简,你听说过马丁·路德·金吗?——是的。他就是那个发表了名为《我有一个梦想》的演讲的人。考查冠词。根据“person who gave a speech...”可知此处特指发表演讲的人,用定冠词the。故选C。18.(2023·江苏淮安·校考一模)Sandy is ________ only child of her family and she is ________ member of the school Reading Club.A.a; the B.an; a C.the; a D.the; the【答案】C【详解】句意:桑迪是她家中唯一的孩子,她还是学校读书俱乐部的一员。考查冠词的用法。第一个空用定冠词the特指“家里唯一的孩子”;第二空用不定冠词泛指“读书俱乐部里的一员”,空后单词以辅音音素开头,用a。故选C。19.(2023·吉林四平·校联考三模)Jenny’s pen pal is from ________ European country, not________ Asian country.A.an; an B.an; a C.a; an【答案】C【详解】句意:珍妮的笔友来自一个欧洲国家,而不是一个亚洲国家。考查不定冠词的用法。a/an一个,不定冠词,表泛指。a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。根据“Jenny’s pen pal is from…European country, not…Asian country.”可知,第一空泛指一个欧洲国家,European“欧洲的”是以辅音音素开头的单词,其前应使用不定冠词a;第二空泛指一个亚洲国家,Asian“亚洲的”是以元音音素开头的单词,其前应使用不定冠词an。 故选C。20.(2023·重庆永川·统考一模)There is ________ beautiful mountain in Yongchuan. It’s called Mountain Tea Bamboo Sea.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】A【详解】句意:永川有一座美丽的山。它叫山茶竹海。考查冠词。此处泛指“一座山”,beautiful以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a。故选A。21.(2023·甘肃白银·统考二模)There will be ________ important speech on how to be successful. You can’t miss it.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】B【详解】句意:将有一个关于如何成功的重要演讲。你不能错过。考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一个演讲,“important”首字母发元音音素,故选B。22.(2023·甘肃定西·统考三模)Beijing, ________ capital of China, has ________ long history.A.the; / B.a; the C.the; a D.the; the【答案】C【详解】句意:北京,中国的首都,有着悠久的历史。考查冠词用法。the capital of“……的首都”,第一空填the。第二空指“一段悠久的历史”,表泛指,且history是以辅音音素开头的,故选C。23.(2023·吉林长春·统考一模)The girl is ________ excellent sports star. She achieved her dream in the Winter Olympic games.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】B【详解】句意:这个女孩是一位优秀的体育明星。她在冬奥会上实现了自己的梦想。考查冠词辩词。a一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表特指。根据“The girl is...excellent sports star.”可知,此处表示泛指,且excellent以元音音素开头。故选B。24.(2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·内蒙古师范大学附属学校校考二模)I usually have ________ breakfast at 7 o’clock, and I had _________ big breakfast this morning.A./, a B.a, a C./, the D.a, the【答案】A【详解】句意:我通常在7点钟吃早餐,我今天早上吃了一顿丰富的早餐。考查冠词。三餐前不加任何冠词,故第一空不填。当三餐前有形容词修饰时,要用不定冠词a/an,big是以辅音音素开头的单词,故选A。25.(2023·吉林长春·统考一模)—What did you have for breakfast this morning?—I had ________ egg and some bread.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】B【详解】句意:——今天早上你早餐吃了什么?——我吃了一个鸡蛋和一些面包。考查冠词。a一个,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the那个,表示特指。根据“I had...egg”可知,此处泛指一个鸡蛋,egg是元音音素开头的名词,因此用不定冠词an修饰,故选B。26.(2023·内蒙古呼伦贝尔·统考一模)— Who is ________ man in front of the post office?— The one with ________ umbrella? He is our English teacher.A.a; an B.the; an C.the; a D.a; the【答案】B【详解】句意:——邮局前面的那个人是谁?——拿着一把伞的那个吗?他是我们的英语老师。考查冠词辨析。a一,不定冠词,表泛指,用在辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,不定冠词,表泛指,用在元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。根据“in front of the post office”可知第一空特指邮局前面的人,而由“umbrella”可知第二空表泛指,而“umbrella”以元音音素开头,故选B。27.(2023·四川成都·成都七中校考三模)China has helped end 70% of poverty worldwide since ________ late 1970s, according to ________ World Bank.A.a; a B.the; the C.a; the【答案】B【详解】句意:世界银行的数据显示,自20世纪70年代末以来,中国帮助消除了全球70%的贫困人口。考查冠词的用法。the late 1970s表示“20世纪70年代末”;the World Bank“世界银行”。故选B。28.(2023·江苏宿迁·校联考三模)— Lily, what’s your plan for the coming summer holiday? — I’ll have ________ one-week trip to Nanjing to relax myself.A./ B.a C.an D.the【答案】B【详解】句意:——Lily,你对即将到来的暑假有什么计划?——我将有一个星期的南京之旅来放松自己。考查冠词。/零冠词;a一个,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the这个/那个,表特指。此处表示泛指”一周的旅途“,且one-week是以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故选B。29.(2023·福建厦门·厦门一中校考二模)—Could you tell me something about CTFR News Hour?—Of course. It’s ________ one-hour round-up of world news.A.a B.the C.an【答案】A【详解】句意:你能告诉我一些关于《CTFR新闻一小时》的事情吗?——当然,这是一个一小时的世界新闻摘要。考查冠词。不定冠词an/a表示泛指“一个”,定冠词the表示特指。根据“It’s ... one-hour round-up of world news.”可知,这是一个一小时的世界新闻摘要。用不定冠词表示“一个”,且one发音以辅音音素开头,用a。故选A。30.(2023·黑龙江绥化·统考二模)You shouldn’t go to ________ school with ________ empty stomach. It’s not good for your health.A.a: / B./; the C./; an【答案】C【详解】句意:你不应该饿着肚子去上学。这对你的健康不好。考查冠词。第一空是固定短语go to school“上学”;第二空表示泛指,empty以元音音素开头, 应用an。故选C。31.(2023·四川遂宁·射洪中学校考二模)I’ve kept ________ empty bottle all the time because it’s ________ unusual one for me.A.a; an B.the; an C.an; the D.the; the【答案】B【详解】句意:我一直留着这个空瓶子,因为它对我来说很不寻常。考查冠词。定冠词the常用来表特指;不定冠词泛指“一个”,不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前,不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词或字母前。题中第一空表特指,用the;第二空表泛指,unusual发音以元音音素开头,其前用不定冠词an。故选B。32.(2023·福建福州·福建省福州第十九中学校考一模)Qingming Festival has become_______ important holiday from an originally simple farming day.A.a B.an C.the【答案】B【详解】句意:清明节从一个原本简单的农耕日变成了一个重要的节日。考查冠词辨析。a/an不定冠词,表泛指,a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。空处表示泛指,“important”以元音音素开头,用an修饰。故选B。33.(2023·福建福州·福建省福州屏东中学校考二模)Hu Jinchu, also known as the “panda papa”, was ________ first man to study giant pandas in China.A.a B.an C.the【答案】C【详解】句意:胡金初,也被称为“熊猫爸爸”,是中国第一个研究大熊猫的人。考查定冠词使用。a一个,不定冠词,表泛指,表示数量,a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用在以元音音素开头的单词前;the这个、这些,定冠词,表特指。由“first”可知,序数词前使用定冠词the。故选C。34.(2023·重庆长寿·校联考一模)The Little Prince is really________ interesting book which teaches children how to love.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】B【详解】句意:《小王子》真是一本有趣的书,教孩子们如何去爱。考查冠词辨析。a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表示特指;/没有冠词。此处表示泛指一本有趣的书,且“interesting”为元音音素开头的单词,故选B。35.(2023·四川成都·成都市树德实验中学校考三模)To provide ________ quieter learning environment for ________ students who want to study better, our school allow them to study at school on weekends.A.the; the B.a ; the C.the;/【答案】B【详解】句意:为了给想要学习更好的学生提供一个更安静的学习环境,我们学校允许他们周末在学校学习。考查冠词的用法。the定冠词,表示特指;a一个,不定冠词,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,不定冠词,用于元音音素开头的单词前。第一处泛指一个环境,quieter首字母发辅音音素,用不定冠词a;第二处特指想要学习更好的学生,用定冠词the。故选B。二、完型填空(2022·广东中山·校考一模)During the ongoing battle (战役) against COVID-19, you may have read that some food and oil 36 quickly kill the virus. This, of course, is far from the 37 . While the nation continues to fight against the virus, it makes 38 effort to fight the spread of misinformation(误报). In the internet age, the nature of how information 39 has changed. Information and misinformation can spread to thousands of people 40 seconds. For most people, they prefer passing on information 41 will cause people’s interest. 42 it is a fact is not always the most important, especially in times of public crisis (危机). Misinformation could be more dangerous than the virus 43 . Misinformation is making the work of our heroic workers even 44 . It causes confusion and spreads fear. During the fight against the virus, the WHO is not just fighting the virus, but also fighting conspiracy theories (阴谋论). It is true that we have to tell right from wrong, we are expected 45 in science and don’t spread rumors (谣言).36.A.can B.must C.need D.should37.A.true B.truely C.trued D.truth38.A.a B.an C.the D./39.A.spread B.spreaded C.is spread D.was spread40.A.in B.on C.with D.for41.A.what B.how C.which D.who42.A.However B.Whether C.When D.But43.A.it B.its C.it’s D.itself44.A.hard B.hardly C.harder D.hardest45.A.believe B.believed C.believing D.to believe【答案】36.A 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.A 41.C 42.B 43.D 44.C 45.D【导语】本文主要介绍了新型冠状病毒肺炎传播期间社交媒体上谣言的传播,而很多人在未考虑其真实性的情况下就相信了谣言,本文旨在呼吁人们不要相信谣言。36.句意:在正在进行的抗击新冠肺炎的战斗中,你可能读到过一些食物和油可以快速杀死病毒。can能够;must必须;need需要;应该。根据“you may have read that some food and oil...quickly kill the virus”可知,此处表达食物和油能够快速杀死病毒。故选A。37.句意:当然,这远远不是事实。true真的,形容词;truely拼写错误;trued拼写错误;truth事实,名词。根据空前冠词the可知,此处需要填写名词。故选D。38.句意:在国家继续与病毒作斗争的同时,它也在努力打击错误信息的传播。a一个;an一个;the这个。make an effort to do sth“努力做某事”,固定搭配。故选B。39.句意:在互联网时代,信息传播的性质发生了变化。spread传播,动词原形;spreaded拼写错误;is spread一般现在时的被动语态;was spread一般过去时的被动语态。information和spread之间是被动关系,时态为一般现在时。故选C。40.句意:信息和错误信息可以在几秒钟内传播给成千上万的人。in在……之内;on在……上面;with和;for为了。in seconds“在很短的时间内”,固定搭配。故选A。41.句意:对于大多数人来说,他们更喜欢传播能引起人们兴趣的信息。what什么;how怎样;which引导定语从句,先行词为物;who引导定语从句,先行词为人。根据“they prefer passing on information...will cause people’s interest”可知,此句为定语从句,先行词information“信息”为物,故引导词用which。故选C。42.句意:这是否是事实并不总是最重要的,尤其是在公共危机时期。However然而;Whether是否;When何时;But但是。根据上文“they prefer passing on information which will cause people’s interest”可知,此处表达是否是事实并不重要。故选B。43.句意:虚假信息可能比病毒本身更危险。it它;its它的;it’s它是;itself它自己。根据下文“Misinformation is making the work of our heroic workers even harder”可知,此处表达虚假信息比病毒本身更危险,应用反身代词指代病毒本身。故选D。44.句意:虚假信息使我们英勇的工作者的工作更加艰难。hard困难;hardly几乎不;harder更难的;hardest最难的。根据“even”可知,此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故选C。45.句意:的确,我们必须明辨是非,我们应该相信科学,不要散布谣言。believe相信;believed过去式;believing现在分词;to believe动词不定式。be expected to do sth“被期待做某事”,固定搭配。故选D。一、单项选择1.(2023·湖南岳阳·统考中考真题)Hangzhou will hold ________ 19th Asian Games in 2023.A.a B.an C.the【答案】C【详解】句意:杭州将于2023年举办第19届亚运会。考查冠词。此处是特指第19届亚运会,序数词前需要用定冠词the,故选C。2.(2023·山东滨州·统考中考真题)—What do you think of the guide book Lonely Planet?—Oh, it is really _________ useful one. You can always find _________ information you need while traveling.A.a; a B.an; an C.a; the D.an; the【答案】C【详解】句意:——你觉得指南书《Lonely Planet》怎么样?——哦,它真的很有用。旅行时你总能找到你需要的信息。考查冠词。第一个空泛指“一本有用的书”,useful以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a,排除BD;第二个空特指“你需要的信息”,用定冠词the。故选C。3.(2023·甘肃白银·统考中考真题)There are 60 minutes in ________ hour.A.a B.an C.the D./【答案】B【详解】句意:一小时有六十分钟。考查冠词。此处是表示泛指,且hour是以元音音素开头,应用an,故选B。4.(2023·江苏扬州·统考中考真题)Yangzhou is ________ city full of ________ history, culture and mouthwatering food.A.the; a B.a; a C.the; the D.a; /【答案】D【详解】句意:扬州是一座充满历史、文化和令人垂涎的美食的城市。考查冠词。第一个空泛指“一个城市”,city以辅音音素开头,用不定冠词a,排除AC;根据“full of...history, culture...”可知此处指充满历史、文化等的城市,此处history是不可数名词,排除B。故选D。5.(2023·湖南怀化·统考中考真题)The C919 is ______ large plane made by China.A.a B.an C.the【答案】A【详解】句意:C919是中国制造的大型飞机。考查冠词辨析。此处表示泛指,且large是以辅音音素开头的,故选A。6.(2023·天津·统考中考真题)My mother is making ________ apple pie and I want to try ________ piece.A.a; an B.a; 不填 C.an; a D.an; 不填【答案】C【详解】句意:我妈妈正在做一个苹果派,我想尝一口。考查冠词用法。空一处泛指“一个苹果派”,且apple是以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an,可排除AB选项;空二是指“尝一块”,try a piece表示“尝一块”。故选C。7.(2023·江苏连云港·统考中考真题)China is ________ country with a history of more than 5,000 years.A.the B.a C.an D./【答案】B【详解】句意:中国是一个有着五千多年历史的国家。考查不定冠词表泛指。the表特指;a一,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an一,用于元音音素开头的单词前;/不用冠词。根据“country”可知应用不定冠词泛指“一个国家”,且其为辅音音素开头的单词,因此不定冠词用a。故选B。8.(2023·四川成都·统考中考真题)The 31st Summer Universiade (大运会) is ________ big event for Chengdu.A.a B.an C.the【答案】A【详解】句意:第31届世界大学生夏季运动会是成都的一件大事。考查冠词。空后event是单数名词,此处表示泛指,且big是以辅音音素开头的单词,所以空处用不定冠词a修饰,故选A。9.(2023·四川达州·统考中考真题)—Hi, Lily, have you ever heard of Zibo, ________ city in ________ center of Shandong province, is known for its barbecue these days?—Sure. I expect to visit it and have a taste of the special food.A.a, a B.a, the C.the, the【答案】B【详解】句意:——嗨,莉莉,你听说过淄博吗?淄博是山东省中部的一个城市,最近以烧烤闻名。——当然。我想去参观一下,尝尝那里的特色食物。考查冠词的用法。第一处泛指一个城市,“city”首字母发辅音音素,用a;in the center of“在……中部”,固定短语。故选B。二、语法选择(2023·广东广州·统考中考真题)It was a beautiful spring day in a forest in ancient China. High up in a tree, a mother bird was watching 1 six baby birds come out of the eggs lovingly. Five of them were strong. They chirped loudly. But 2 last one that came out was not strong at all. This little one 3 Little Six. He was weak and quiet. He was not fast enough 4 the worms (虫子) Mama Bird brought back. Little Six ate 5 food, so he was always hungry. And he didn’t like that.Little Six didn’t have a strong body. 6 he had a strong will. He decided 7 he would get stronger. He would do exercises and flap (拍动) his wings every day.Every morning, Little Six would rise 8 the sun even came up. When his brothers and sisters woke, Little Six had already finished all his exercises. Morning after morning, he practiced 9 his wings, and they were getting stronger and stronger. He always got the first worms Mama brought back home.All through the spring, Little Six woke up 10 than his brothers and sisters. Week after week, he worked harder than they did. He 11 eat big meals and did not go hungry any more.After a couple of months, all the baby birds had grown well. Mama Bird brought them together and 12 them to fly. 13 everyone’s surprise, Little Six was the first to start flying!“Chirp! Chirp! 14 at me!” Little Six cried 15 while his brothers and sisters still fought hard, trying to fly up.1.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself2.A.a B.an C.the D./3.A.called B.was calling C.was called D.were called4.A.get B.got C.getting D.to get5.A.little B.few C.much D.many6.A.and B.but C.because D.so7.A.what B.why C.when D.that8.A.before B.after C.until D.if9.A.flap B.to flap C.flapping D.flapped10.A.early B.earlier C.earliest D.the earliest11.A.could B.might C.should D.must12.A.teach B.teaches C.taught D.will teach13.A.In B.To C.For D.At14.A.Look B.Looks C.To look D.Looking15.A.happy B.happier C.happiness D.happily【答案】1.B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D【导语】本文主要讲一只小鸟出生就比其他鸟脆弱,后来经过自己不断的努力让自己变得强壮,再也没有挨饿并第一个学会飞翔的故事。1.句意:在一棵高高的树上,一只鸟妈妈正慈爱地看着她的六个鸟宝宝从鸟蛋里孵出来。she她;her她的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;herself她自己。空处修饰“six baby birds”应用形容词性物主代词,故选B。2.句意:但是最后一只鸟出来了,并没有那么强壮。a/an是不定冠词,表示泛指。a用在辅音音素前;an用在元音音素前。the是定冠词,表示特指。此处特指最后一只鸟,用the。故选C。3.句意:这只小鸟被叫做小六。called称呼,过去式;was calling正在叫;was called被叫做,主语是第一人称或单数;were called被叫做,主语是第二人称或复数。此处“This little one”与“call”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,主语是单数。故选C。4.句意:他没有那么快的去拿到鸟妈妈带回来的虫子。get得到,动词原形;got过去式;getting现在分词;to get不定式。enough+to do“足够……去做某事”。故选D。5.句意:小六几乎没有吃到了一点食物,所以他总是很饿。little很少,修饰不可数名词;few很少,修饰可数名词;much很多,修饰不可数名词;many很多,修饰可数名词。根据“so he was always hungry. And he didn’t like that.”可知很饿应是没有吃到食物,修饰food,应用little。故选A。6.句意:小六没有一个强壮的身体,但是他有一个强大的意志。and并且;but但是;because因为;so因此。根据“Little Six didn’t have a strong body....he had a strong will.”可知前后是转折关系,故选B。7.句意:他决心变得更强壮。what什么;why为什么;when什么时候;that那,或作引导词无实意。根据“He decided...he would get stronger.”可知此处是that引导的宾语从句,从句是陈述句用that引导。故选D。8.句意:每天早上小六赶在太阳升起之前起来。before在……之前;after在……之后;until直到;if如果。根据“...the sun even came up.”可知是在太阳升起之前起来。故选A。9.句意:每天早上,日复一日,他练习拍打他的翅膀,并且它们变得越来越强壮了。flap拍打,动词原形;to flap不定式;flapping现在分词;flapped过去式或过去分词。practiced doing sth“练习做某事”。故选C。10.句意:整个春天,小六比其他的哥哥姐姐们醒来的更早。early早,副词原形;earlier比较级;earliest最高级;the earliest最高级。根据“than his brothers and sisters.”可知是比较级,故选B。11.句意:他能够吃掉大餐,再也没有挨饿了。could能够;might可能;should应该;must必须。根据“...eat big meals and did not go hungry any more.”可知是能吃掉大餐。故选A。12.句意:鸟妈妈把他们放到一起,并教他们飞翔。teach教;teaches三单形式;taught过去式;will teach一般将来时。根据“brought”可知时态是过去式。故选C。13.句意:令每只鸟都吃惊的是,小六是第一个开始飞的。In在……里面;To到;For为了;At在。to one’s surprise“令某人吃惊的是”。故选B。14.句意:“吱吱!吱吱!看我” 小六开心地叫道。Look看,动词原形;Looks三单形式;To look不定式;Looking现在分词。此处是祈使句,以动词原形开头。故选A。15.句意:小六开心地叫道,而他的哥哥姐姐们还仍然在努力的尝试着来飞翔。happy开心的,形容词原级;happier更开心的,比较级;happiness名词;happily开心地,副词。空处修饰cried用副词形式,故选D。目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析近年中考考冠词考情分析三网络构建知识点脑图风暴五冠词考向冠词的基本用法易混易错点常用固定搭配不定冠词a和an的区别冠词的位置提升必考题型归纳六真题感悟中考冠词经典考题定冠词the的常用固定搭配at the same time同时at the moment此刻all the year round一年到头all the time一直at the age of...在...岁时at the beginning/end of...在...结束时in the end最后,终于in the daytime在白天by the way顺便问一下for the time being暂时go to the cinema去看电影go to the doctor's去看医生in the public eye广为人知的in the habit of习惯于in the distance在远处in the way挡路on the whole总的来说make the most/best of充分利用on the right/left在右/左面the other day前几天on the radio/phone通过无线电/电话to tell (you) the truth说实话in the form of...以......的形式on the spot在场;到场;立即;马上;with the help of...在......的帮助下the next day第二天not in the least (=not at all)一点也不on the way to...在去......的路上on the eve of...在......的前夕in the habit of...有......的习惯on the other hand...另一方面……on the whole总的来说to the point中肯,切题不定冠词的常用固定搭配at a loss困惑,不知所措as a result因此as a rule通常,照例as a matter of fact事实上after a while一会儿后at a distance离一段距离,从远处all of a sudden突然a waste of ... ……的浪费a matter of ... ……的问题a collection of一批……a knowledge of (=know)知道an understanding of (=understand)懂得a great many许多at a time每次as a whole总的来说after a while一会儿之后have a good time玩得高兴have a holiday度假have a cold患感冒have/take a rest休息一下have a gift for有……的天赋in a hurry匆忙地in a word总之on a diet节食in a moment立刻in a sense在某种意义上have a population of有……人口for a while暂时,一时go on a diet节食have a history of有……的历史get a lift/ride搭便车make/earn a living谋生once in a while偶尔once upon a time从前make an effort 努力make an apology道歉have a good time过得愉快have a word with...与......交谈take an interest in...对......感兴趣抽象名词抽象名词具体化beauty美 a beauty 美丽的人或事物success成功 a success 成功的人或事failure失败 a failure 失败的人或事comfort安慰,舒适 a comfort 令人感到安慰的人或事danger危险a danger一个危险分子surprise吃惊 a surprise 令人感到惊讶的人或事pleasure开心 a pleasure 令人感到高兴的人或事wonder奇迹 a wonder 令人感到惊奇的人或事/奇迹shock震惊,休克 a shock 令人感到震惊的人或事honour荣誉,荣耀 an honour 令人感到荣耀的人或事worry烦恼a worry 令人感到烦恼的人或事at risk 有危险ahead of time 提前 by mistake 错误地,无意地by chance/accident 碰巧地catch fire 着火at last最终in debt 负债in place 在恰当的位置 give way to 给……让路 in danger 处于危险之中take part in 参加out of control 失控 lose heart 灰心 lose heart 灰心out of work 失业 face to face 面对面地 on time按时day and night 夜以继日地take care of照顾take office就职with pleasure高兴地set fire to放火do harm to...对......有害after school放学后in advance 提前heart and soul 全心全意地come into power/effect开始执政/生效at dawn/noon/dusk在黎明/正午/黄昏in time及时take pride in...以......为自豪for example 例如from morning till night 从早到晚under repair 处于维修中 on purpose 故意地 out of the question不可能 out of question毫无疑问in future今后 in the future将来in the front of在......的前面(在参照物里)in front of在......的前面(和参照物不相连)in case of以防,万一in the case of就某人或某事而言go to class/hospital/school上课/住院/上学go to the class/hospital/school到课堂/医院/学校in bed/church/prison/town睡觉/作礼拜/进监狱in the bed/church/prison/town在床上/在教堂/在监狱里take advice征求意见take the advice听从建议take place发生 take the place of代替in place of代替 in the place of在......的地方by day在白天by the day按日计算in sight of看见 in the sight of据......的见解sit at table吃饭 sit at the table在桌旁in charge of主管,负责in the charge of在......的看管之下in possession of拥有in the possession of...被......所拥有情况位置例句一般情况冠词位于名词或名词短语的最前面China is a beautiful Asia country. 中国是一个美丽的亚洲国家。固定结构as/so... as…结构中,a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后Alice is not so smart a girl as I thought. 爱丽丝不像我想象中的那么机灵。so... that…结构中,a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后It is so difficult a question that no one in our class can answer it. 这个问题如此难以至于我们班没有一个人能够回答。such... that…结构中,a/an一般应位于such之后,形容词之前He is such a good boy that we all like him. 他是如此好的男孩大家都喜欢他。too... to...结构中,a/an位于too修饰的形容词之后Linda is too young a girl to be left by herself at home. 琳达太小了,不能把她单独留在家里。名词前有形容词rather,quite或very时,不定冠词通常置于rather、quite之后,very之前It is quite a good job. You should take it. 那真是一份好工作,你应该做。Hurry Pother is a very interesting book. 《哈利﹒波特》是一本非常有趣的书。名词前有all,both,double,twice等修饰时,冠词应位于其后、名词之前Both the parents are very strict with their kids. 这对父母都对他们的孩子很严格。感叹句中what引导的感叹句中,a/an置于what后What a heavy rain it is! 多么大的雨啊!What an exciting news he brings us! 他给我们带来了一个多么令人兴奋的消息啊!how引导的感叹句中,a/an置于how修饰的形容词后How timely a rain we’ve got in such a dry season! 在这样干燥的季节里,这真是一场及时雨啊!
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