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北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking当堂达标检测题
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这是一份北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Lesson 3 Stephen Hawking当堂达标检测题，共6页。
(建议用时：10分钟)
Ⅰ．单项选择
1．Intelligence peaks in yung adulthd, levels ut fr a perid f time, and then universally starts t slwly ________ as we age.
A．emergeB．develp
C．leadD．decline
2．His stry f what happened that night didn’t crrespnd with the witness’s ________ .
A．versinB．bnus
C．reductinD．expectatin
3．The bk is well rganised ________ plt.
A．in spite fB．regardless f
C．in search fD．in terms f
4．Mdels are ________ representatins f everyday reality.
A．simplifiedB．develped
C．availableD．theretical
5．He picked up a large and ________ rck t sit dwn and had a rest.
A．visinedB．grand
C．flatD．steep
【答案】1-5 DADAC
Ⅱ．单词拼写
1．Lcal plice ________ (拒绝) t cmment n the reasns fr her detentin.
2．He lst his leg when he was ten, but learned t ________ (克服) his handicap.
3．Our results prvide evidence bearing n sme imprtant ________ (理论的) issues.
4．Wrkers in big firms receive a substantial part f their pay in the frm f ________ (奖金) and vertime.
5．This ________ (宏伟的) building in the centre f twn used t be the hub f the capital’s scial life.
【答案】1．declined 2．vercme 3．theretical 4．bnuses 5．grand
Ⅲ．单句语法填空
1．Nw yu can get the ________ (decline) f the sun with the next frmula.
2．The night befre the test I ________ (vercme) by fear and despair.
3．It is ________ (theretical) pssible fr him t verrule their decisin, but highly unlikely.
4．In additin, the scientists plan t lk at the pssible effects f a ________ (csmlgy) cnstant, which they did nt investigate here.
【答案】1．declinatin 2．was vercme 3．theretically 4．csmlgical
Ⅳ．完成句子
1．Nw I can walk t wrk ________________ ging by car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
2．Yu watch. Things will ________________ befre they get better.
你瞧着吧。事情会先变糟，然后再好转。
3．They are firm friends __________________ temperamental differences.
他们尽管性格不同，但仍然友情甚笃。
4．He is able t ______________________ pursue his gal f becming an actr.
他能够继续追求他成为演员的目标。
5．Victims want t see justice dne ____________________________ themselves, but fr the greater gd f sciety.
受害者们希望看到正义得到伸张，这不仅是为了他们自己， 也是为了社会更大的利益。
【答案】1．instead f 2．get wrse 3．in spite f 4．cntinue t 5．nt just fr
提升练
(建议用时：25分钟)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Prfessr Veena Sahajwalla，2022 Australian f the year，has created a slutin t ur massive trash prblem: waste micrfactries. These little trash prcessrs(处理器) — sme as small as 500 square feet — huse a series f machines that recycle waste and transfrm it int new materials with thermal technlgy(热技术). The new all-in-ne apprach culd leave ur current recycling prcesses in the dust.
In 2018，she launched the first micrfactry，establishing a mdel f recycling that enables businesses and cmmunities t develp cmmercial pprtunities while addressing lcal waste prblems. A secnd ne began recycling plastics in 2019．Nw，her lab grup is wrking with university and industry partners t cmmercialize their patented Micrfactry technlgy. “The small scale f the machines will make it easier fr them t ne day perate n renewable energy，unlike mst large manufacturing plants. The apprach will als allw cities t recycle waste int new prducts n lcatin，aviding the lng，ften internatinal，high-emissin jurneys between recycling prcessrs and manufacturing plants. With a micrfactry，gne are the days f needing separate facilities t cllect and stre materials，extract(提取) elements and prduce new prducts，” says Sahajwalla.
Traditinally，recycling plants break dwn materials fr reuse in similar prducts — like melting dwn plastic t make mre plastic things. Sahajwalla’s inventin advances this idea by taking materials frm an ld prduct and creating smething different. “The kids dn’t lk like the parents，” she says. Sahajwalla refers t this prcess as “the furth R，” adding “re-frm” t the cmmn phrase “reduce, reuse, recycle”.
Prfessr Veena Sahajwalla’s prgrams help t develp innvatin and prmte cperatin with industry，ensuring that sustainable materials and prcesses becme cmmercially practical slutins fr dealing with waste.
1．What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce a new type f trash prcessr.
B．T intrduce the prcess f recycling waste.
C．T prve the seriusness f the trash prblem.
D．T shw the current situatin f trash recycling.
2．What des the secnd paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The rigin f waste micrfactries.
B．The advantages f waste micrfactries.
C．The influences f waste micrfactries.
D．The scale f waste micrfactries.
3．What des “re-frm” in Paragraph 3 refer t accrding t Sahajwalla?
A．Generating new materials with waste.
B．Extracting materials frm the waste.
C．Updating the whle recycling prcess.
D．Transfrming waste int same prducts.
4．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A fictin nvel.B．A business reprt.
C．A science magazine.D．A chemical textbk.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Veena Sahajwalla教授曾是澳大利亚的年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。
1．A 推理判断题。根据第一段“Prfessr Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian f the year, has created a slutin t ur massive trash prblem: waste micrfactries. These little trash prcessrs(处理器)-sme as small as 500 square feet — huse a series f machines that recycle waste and transfrm it int new materials with thermal technlgy(热技术). The new all-in-ne apprach culd leave ur current recycling prcesses in the dust(Veena Sahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们巨大的垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。这些小垃圾处理机——有些小到500平方英尺——安装了一系列机器，利用热技术回收垃圾并将其转化为新材料。这种新的一体化的方法可以使我们目前的回收过程望尘莫及). ”可知，第一段的写作目的是为了介绍一种新型的垃圾处理机。故选A项。
2．B 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“In 2018, she launched the first micrfactry, establishing a mdel f recycling that enables businesses and cmmunities t develp cmmercial pprtunities while addressing lcal waste prblems(在2018年，她启动了第一家微型工厂，建立了一种回收模式，使企业和社区在解决当地垃圾问题的同时开发商业机会). ”可知，第二段主要谈论了垃圾微工厂的优点。故选B项。
3．A 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Sahajwalla’s inventin advances this idea by taking materials frm an ld prduct and creating smething different(Sahajwalla的发明通过从旧产品中提取材料，创造出不同的东西，推进了这一想法). ”可知，Sahajwalla将这一过程称为“第四个R”，即在“减少、再利用、再循环”的基础上再加上“重组”。由此可推知，re-frm指的是“用垃圾产生新材料”。故选A项。
4．C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Prfessr Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian f the year, has created a slutin t ur massive trash prblem: waste micrfactries(Veena Sahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们巨大的垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂). ”可知，文章主要介绍了垃圾微型工厂。由此可知，文章可能出自一本科学杂志。故选C项。
Ⅱ．读后续写
The Little By
A little by selling magazines fr schl walked up t a huse that peple rarely visited. The huse was very ld and shabby and the wner hardly ever came ut. When he did cme ut, he wuld nt say hell t his neighburs r passers-by but simply just glare at them.
The by kncked n the dr and waited, sweating frm fear f the ld man. The by’s parents tld him t stay away frm the huse, and a lt f the ther neighburhd children were tld the same thing frm their parents.
Dust fund the by lingering n and hesitating what t d. As he was ready t walk away, the dr slwly pened. “What d yu want？” the ld man said impatiently. The little by was very afraid, but he had a quta(份额) t meet fr schl with selling the magazines. S he gt up the curage and said, “Uh, sir, I am selling these magazines and uh, I was wndering if yu wuld like t buy ne frm me. ”
The ld man just stared at the by withut a wrd. The by culd see inside the ld man’s huse and saw that he had dg figurines(小雕像) n the fireplace mantle. “D yu cllect dgs？” The little by asked. “Yes, I have many cllectins in my huse. They are my family here and they are all I have. ” The by then felt srry fr the man, as it seemed that he was a very lnely sul.
“Well, I d have a magazine here fr cllectrs. It is perfect fr yu. I als have ne abut dgs since yu like dgs s much. ” The ld man was ready t clse the dr n the by and said, “N, by. I dn’t need any magazines f any kind, nw gdbye. ”
The little by was sad that he was nt ging t make his quta with the sale. He was als sad fr the ld man being s alne in the huse that he wned. The by went hme and then had an idea. He had a little dg figurine that he gt sme years ag frm an aunt. The figurine did nt mean nearly as much t him since he had a real live dg and a large family.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
The little by headed back dwn t the ld man’s huse. ___________________________ _____________________________________________________________
One pssible versin：
The little by headed back dwn t the ld man’s huse. The thught f kncking at the ld man’s dr filled the little by with fear, thugh, he still kncked n the dr, waiting breathlessly. Finally, it pened, and ut came the ld man. Seeing the by hlding a well-wrapped dg figurine, he lked very astnished but still glared at him withut a wrd. Determined t break the ice, the by gave the ld man the gift with a precius card attached, expressing his care. Deeply mved by all the by did, the ld man culd say nthing but t hug him tightly, the tears f appreciatin welling up. Out f gratitude, he bught a magazine frm the by and saw him ff.
Frm that day n, smething changed inside the ld man. _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________
One pssible versin：
Frm that day n, smething changed inside the ld man. He adpted a real live dg and treated him as his child. It seemed that it was the cmpany f the dg that led the lnely sul ut f darkness and lneliness. Gradually, he was willing t greet thers and wear a bright smile, expressing his appreciatin t life. Indeed, nly when we pen up the dr f ur heart, can we be bathed in the brilliant sunshine and enjy the warmth f lve and care.
(建议用时：10分钟)
Ⅰ．单项选择
1．Intelligence peaks in yung adulthd, levels ut fr a perid f time, and then universally starts t slwly ________ as we age.
A．emergeB．develp
C．leadD．decline
2．His stry f what happened that night didn’t crrespnd with the witness’s ________ .
A．versinB．bnus
C．reductinD．expectatin
3．The bk is well rganised ________ plt.
A．in spite fB．regardless f
C．in search fD．in terms f
4．Mdels are ________ representatins f everyday reality.
A．simplifiedB．develped
C．availableD．theretical
5．He picked up a large and ________ rck t sit dwn and had a rest.
A．visinedB．grand
C．flatD．steep
【答案】1-5 DADAC
Ⅱ．单词拼写
1．Lcal plice ________ (拒绝) t cmment n the reasns fr her detentin.
2．He lst his leg when he was ten, but learned t ________ (克服) his handicap.
3．Our results prvide evidence bearing n sme imprtant ________ (理论的) issues.
4．Wrkers in big firms receive a substantial part f their pay in the frm f ________ (奖金) and vertime.
5．This ________ (宏伟的) building in the centre f twn used t be the hub f the capital’s scial life.
【答案】1．declined 2．vercme 3．theretical 4．bnuses 5．grand
Ⅲ．单句语法填空
1．Nw yu can get the ________ (decline) f the sun with the next frmula.
2．The night befre the test I ________ (vercme) by fear and despair.
3．It is ________ (theretical) pssible fr him t verrule their decisin, but highly unlikely.
4．In additin, the scientists plan t lk at the pssible effects f a ________ (csmlgy) cnstant, which they did nt investigate here.
【答案】1．declinatin 2．was vercme 3．theretically 4．csmlgical
Ⅳ．完成句子
1．Nw I can walk t wrk ________________ ging by car.
现在我可以步行去上班，而不必开车了。
2．Yu watch. Things will ________________ befre they get better.
你瞧着吧。事情会先变糟，然后再好转。
3．They are firm friends __________________ temperamental differences.
他们尽管性格不同，但仍然友情甚笃。
4．He is able t ______________________ pursue his gal f becming an actr.
他能够继续追求他成为演员的目标。
5．Victims want t see justice dne ____________________________ themselves, but fr the greater gd f sciety.
受害者们希望看到正义得到伸张，这不仅是为了他们自己， 也是为了社会更大的利益。
【答案】1．instead f 2．get wrse 3．in spite f 4．cntinue t 5．nt just fr
提升练
(建议用时：25分钟)
Ⅰ．阅读理解
Prfessr Veena Sahajwalla，2022 Australian f the year，has created a slutin t ur massive trash prblem: waste micrfactries. These little trash prcessrs(处理器) — sme as small as 500 square feet — huse a series f machines that recycle waste and transfrm it int new materials with thermal technlgy(热技术). The new all-in-ne apprach culd leave ur current recycling prcesses in the dust.
In 2018，she launched the first micrfactry，establishing a mdel f recycling that enables businesses and cmmunities t develp cmmercial pprtunities while addressing lcal waste prblems. A secnd ne began recycling plastics in 2019．Nw，her lab grup is wrking with university and industry partners t cmmercialize their patented Micrfactry technlgy. “The small scale f the machines will make it easier fr them t ne day perate n renewable energy，unlike mst large manufacturing plants. The apprach will als allw cities t recycle waste int new prducts n lcatin，aviding the lng，ften internatinal，high-emissin jurneys between recycling prcessrs and manufacturing plants. With a micrfactry，gne are the days f needing separate facilities t cllect and stre materials，extract(提取) elements and prduce new prducts，” says Sahajwalla.
Traditinally，recycling plants break dwn materials fr reuse in similar prducts — like melting dwn plastic t make mre plastic things. Sahajwalla’s inventin advances this idea by taking materials frm an ld prduct and creating smething different. “The kids dn’t lk like the parents，” she says. Sahajwalla refers t this prcess as “the furth R，” adding “re-frm” t the cmmn phrase “reduce, reuse, recycle”.
Prfessr Veena Sahajwalla’s prgrams help t develp innvatin and prmte cperatin with industry，ensuring that sustainable materials and prcesses becme cmmercially practical slutins fr dealing with waste.
1．What is the purpse f the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce a new type f trash prcessr.
B．T intrduce the prcess f recycling waste.
C．T prve the seriusness f the trash prblem.
D．T shw the current situatin f trash recycling.
2．What des the secnd paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．The rigin f waste micrfactries.
B．The advantages f waste micrfactries.
C．The influences f waste micrfactries.
D．The scale f waste micrfactries.
3．What des “re-frm” in Paragraph 3 refer t accrding t Sahajwalla?
A．Generating new materials with waste.
B．Extracting materials frm the waste.
C．Updating the whle recycling prcess.
D．Transfrming waste int same prducts.
4．Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A．A fictin nvel.B．A business reprt.
C．A science magazine.D．A chemical textbk.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Veena Sahajwalla教授曾是澳大利亚的年度人物，她为我们的大规模垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。
1．A 推理判断题。根据第一段“Prfessr Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian f the year, has created a slutin t ur massive trash prblem: waste micrfactries. These little trash prcessrs(处理器)-sme as small as 500 square feet — huse a series f machines that recycle waste and transfrm it int new materials with thermal technlgy(热技术). The new all-in-ne apprach culd leave ur current recycling prcesses in the dust(Veena Sahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们巨大的垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂。这些小垃圾处理机——有些小到500平方英尺——安装了一系列机器，利用热技术回收垃圾并将其转化为新材料。这种新的一体化的方法可以使我们目前的回收过程望尘莫及). ”可知，第一段的写作目的是为了介绍一种新型的垃圾处理机。故选A项。
2．B 段落大意题。根据第二段中的“In 2018, she launched the first micrfactry, establishing a mdel f recycling that enables businesses and cmmunities t develp cmmercial pprtunities while addressing lcal waste prblems(在2018年，她启动了第一家微型工厂，建立了一种回收模式，使企业和社区在解决当地垃圾问题的同时开发商业机会). ”可知，第二段主要谈论了垃圾微工厂的优点。故选B项。
3．A 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Sahajwalla’s inventin advances this idea by taking materials frm an ld prduct and creating smething different(Sahajwalla的发明通过从旧产品中提取材料，创造出不同的东西，推进了这一想法). ”可知，Sahajwalla将这一过程称为“第四个R”，即在“减少、再利用、再循环”的基础上再加上“重组”。由此可推知，re-frm指的是“用垃圾产生新材料”。故选A项。
4．C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Prfessr Veena Sahajwalla, 2022 Australian f the year, has created a slutin t ur massive trash prblem: waste micrfactries(Veena Sahajwalla教授是2022年澳大利亚年度人物，她为我们巨大的垃圾问题创造了一个解决方案：垃圾微型工厂). ”可知，文章主要介绍了垃圾微型工厂。由此可知，文章可能出自一本科学杂志。故选C项。
Ⅱ．读后续写
The Little By
A little by selling magazines fr schl walked up t a huse that peple rarely visited. The huse was very ld and shabby and the wner hardly ever came ut. When he did cme ut, he wuld nt say hell t his neighburs r passers-by but simply just glare at them.
The by kncked n the dr and waited, sweating frm fear f the ld man. The by’s parents tld him t stay away frm the huse, and a lt f the ther neighburhd children were tld the same thing frm their parents.
Dust fund the by lingering n and hesitating what t d. As he was ready t walk away, the dr slwly pened. “What d yu want？” the ld man said impatiently. The little by was very afraid, but he had a quta(份额) t meet fr schl with selling the magazines. S he gt up the curage and said, “Uh, sir, I am selling these magazines and uh, I was wndering if yu wuld like t buy ne frm me. ”
The ld man just stared at the by withut a wrd. The by culd see inside the ld man’s huse and saw that he had dg figurines(小雕像) n the fireplace mantle. “D yu cllect dgs？” The little by asked. “Yes, I have many cllectins in my huse. They are my family here and they are all I have. ” The by then felt srry fr the man, as it seemed that he was a very lnely sul.
“Well, I d have a magazine here fr cllectrs. It is perfect fr yu. I als have ne abut dgs since yu like dgs s much. ” The ld man was ready t clse the dr n the by and said, “N, by. I dn’t need any magazines f any kind, nw gdbye. ”
The little by was sad that he was nt ging t make his quta with the sale. He was als sad fr the ld man being s alne in the huse that he wned. The by went hme and then had an idea. He had a little dg figurine that he gt sme years ag frm an aunt. The figurine did nt mean nearly as much t him since he had a real live dg and a large family.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
The little by headed back dwn t the ld man’s huse. ___________________________ _____________________________________________________________
One pssible versin：
The little by headed back dwn t the ld man’s huse. The thught f kncking at the ld man’s dr filled the little by with fear, thugh, he still kncked n the dr, waiting breathlessly. Finally, it pened, and ut came the ld man. Seeing the by hlding a well-wrapped dg figurine, he lked very astnished but still glared at him withut a wrd. Determined t break the ice, the by gave the ld man the gift with a precius card attached, expressing his care. Deeply mved by all the by did, the ld man culd say nthing but t hug him tightly, the tears f appreciatin welling up. Out f gratitude, he bught a magazine frm the by and saw him ff.
Frm that day n, smething changed inside the ld man. _____________________________ ___________________________________________________________
One pssible versin：
Frm that day n, smething changed inside the ld man. He adpted a real live dg and treated him as his child. It seemed that it was the cmpany f the dg that led the lnely sul ut f darkness and lneliness. Gradually, he was willing t greet thers and wear a bright smile, expressing his appreciatin t life. Indeed, nly when we pen up the dr f ur heart, can we be bathed in the brilliant sunshine and enjy the warmth f lve and care.
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