2025版高考英语一轮复习新题精练专题一阅读理解考点5理解目的课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮复习新题精练专题一阅读理解考点5理解目的课件，共11页。

过考点　考点突破分类强化Passage 1话题:近"爱运动者"爱运动　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约270　　难度:★★★☆☆　　关注体育[2023河北石家庄质检]The widespread sedentary(久坐不动的)lifestyle has becme a prblem in America, fueling the rising besity(肥胖)rate.Nw a new study finds that being surrunded by active friends can help a persn living a sedentary lifestyle get mre exercise each day. Researchers fund that peple in scial grups where exercise is valued are mre likely t be mre active themselves. Lnely peple are mre likely t live sedentary lifestyles withut anther persn arund t give them a bst. The findings highlight the idea that the cmpany a persn keeps can be a bst t their verall health and directin in life. Dr. Diana Thmas, a prfessr at a military schl and study authr, said that the idea fr the research came frm real life experiences n the campus. Her team had nticed a trend f peple becming mre interested in fitness and ther activities nce arriving at the schl. This is nt usually the case at ther schls and wrkplaces, where there is n significant impact n fitness. Thmas believed that this trend culd be the result f in-grup scial cnditining, where peple will take part in activities that thers arund them are ding. Peple whse data were gathered fr the study were split int three grups based n their physical activity level—sedentary, mderately active and extremely active. Mderately active flks were the mst imprtant fr drawing peple wh are sedentary t becme active, and t sustain that activity. Thmas explained that
sedentary peple wuld be unlikely t change their behavir when placed in a grup f the extremely active, as it wuld seem unattainable. 1Why des the authr mentin the rising besity rate in the first paragraph?A.T make cmparisns.B.T intrduce the tpic. C.T supprt the argument.D.T prvide examples. 2What helps a sedentary persn becme active?A.Vlunteering in scial grups.B.Wrking in a caring cmpany. C.Jining sprts-lving friends.D.Giving a lnely neighbr a bst. 3What might have caused the trend at the military schl?A.Requirements frm the schl. B.Peple’s natural addictin t sprts. C.Scial interactin within a grup. D.Cmpetitin against ther schls. 4Why are extremely active peple less influential accrding t Dr. Thmas?A.They have n appeal fr sedentary peple. B.They are unwilling t invlve sedentary peple. C.They themselves ften fail t sustain exercising. D.They seem like an example beynd sedentary peple.
【解析】 一项研究发现,身边都是爱运动的朋友的话,久坐不动的人每天也会多参加体育锻炼的。1.B　理解目的　作者在第二段介绍了一项研究发现,根据研究发现的内容可知,第一段提到美国肥胖率上升的问题旨在引出话题,故B项正确。2.C　理解具体信息　根据第二段中的"being surrunded by active friends can help a persn living a sedentary lifestyle get mre exercise each day"可知,如果久坐不动的人身边围绕着爱运动的朋友,他们每天也会多多锻炼,因此和爱运动的朋友在一起有助于久坐不动的人多运动,故C项正确。3.C　理解具体信息　根据第三段中的"Thmas believed that this trend culd be the result f in-grup scial cnditining"并结合选项可知,军事学院的这种趋势是由群体内社交互动造成的,故C项正确。4.D　推断　根据最后一段中的"sedentary peple wuld be unlikely t change their behavir when placed in a grup f the extremely active, as it wuld seem unattainable"可知,超级爱锻炼的人标准太高,久坐不动的人无法达到他们的锻炼强度,据此可以推断,他们可能不适合久坐不动的人效仿,所以对久坐不动的人影响不大,故D项正确。unattainable"无法达到的; 无法获得的"。
【二次精读】　　核心单词:bst n. 帮助,激励;增长,提高 v. 使增长,使兴旺核心短语把……分成……高级句式:Thmas believed that this trend culd be the result f in-grup scial cnditining, 　　　　　　　　　　　　宾语从句 {where peple will take part in activities (that thers arund them are ding)}. 定语从句,修饰cnditining 定语从句,修饰activities
Passage 2话题:根据艺术作品追溯粮食作物的变化　　主题语境:人与社会　　词数:约330　　难度:★★★★☆　　跨学科[2023广东广州调研]Pieter Bruegel’s icnic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metrplitan Museum f Art. The wrk shwed peple harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were. "Nwadays, hwever, if yu walk thrugh a wheat field, yu basically see that wheat is abut knee-height. The reduced height is essentially a cnsequence f being bred (培育)alng with genes fr increasing prductin t feed a grwing ppulatin," bilgist De Smet explained.De Smet says wheat is just ne example f hw histrical artwrk can allw us t track the transfrmatin f fd crps ver time. He teamed up with art histrian Vergauwen, a friend since childhd, t dcument such artwrk arund the wrld. They have been mainly lking at things where they can spt changes in shape, clr and size.Their interest in plants in artwrk began with a visit t the Hermitage Museum, where they nticed an dd-lking watermeln in an early-17th-century painting. It appeared t be pale and white n the inside. Bilgist De Smet assumed the painter had dne a pr jb. But art histrian Vergauwen had a different idea. "N, this is ne f the best painters ever frm that era. S if he painted it like that, that’s the way it must have lked like," he explained.Other paintings revealed that bth red and white watermelns were grwn during the 17th century. "With all the genetic knwledge we nw have, we can lk at hw smething cmes abut in mre detail,"De Smet said. "Fr example, until the 18th century, Eurpean strawberries appeared tiny in paintings—they then grew in
size as they were crssbred with Nrth American varieties."Ultimately, the team hpes t create an nline research database f histrical plant artwrk. They seek the cntributins f art enthusiasts arund the wrld via the scial media. "Hwever," Vergauwen reminds, "if yu're ging t use, fr example, Picass t try and understand hw a pear lked in the early 20th century, yu might be misled."1What can we learn abut the painting The Harvesters?A.It shws hw peple successfully grew prves that wheat was much shrter in the explains the cnsequence f different breeding gives clues abut hw wheat in the 16th century lked like.2What inspired the research team t start their study?A.Their preference fr fd crps.B.Their friendship since divided views n an ld painting.D.Their shared interest in Hermitage Museum.3What is the message frm Vergauwen in the last paragraph?A.Art enthusiasts are nt careful enugh.B.Abstract paintings ften mislead surce paintings need t be realistic.D.Picass’s paintings are hard t understand.
4What is the purpse f the text?A.T cmment n histrical plant tell interesting stries behind plant infrm readers f a scientific intrduce a study n fd crp transfrmatin.
【解析】 写实的历史艺术作品能让我们追踪粮食作物随时间发生的变化。生物学家De Smet与艺术史学家Vergauwen合作在世界各地记录这些艺术作品。他们主要关注那些能发现形状、颜色和大小变化的东西。该团队希望最终创建一个历史植物艺术作品的在线研究数据库。1.D　理解具体信息　根据第一段内容可知,在该作品中小麦几乎和人们一样高,即人们可以看到16世纪的小麦看起来是什么样的。故D项正确。2.C　理解具体信息　根据第三段中的"Their interest... had a different idea"可知,该团队的两人对博物馆内一幅17世纪早期的画有奇怪的西瓜的作品有了不同的看法,所以对艺术作品中的植物开始感兴趣。故C项正确。3.C　推断　根据最后一段中的"if yu're ging t use... yu might be misled"可知,如果你要用毕加索的画来尝试理解20世纪早期的梨是什么样的,你可能会被误导。故可推知,Vergauwen是想说画作本身应该真实,故C项正确。4.D　理解目的　文章第一段介绍一幅画作,引出小麦变化的问题,后续讲述一个团队通过研究历史艺术作品来追踪粮食作物变化问题,故D项正确。
【技巧点拨】　　依据主旨和文体推意图作者一般不会在文章中直接表明写作意图,考生需要通过厘清全篇的逻辑关系,仔细分析文章的细节,进而推断作者的意图。推断作者的写作意图,还要综合考量文章的主旨和文体特点:1.通过文章主旨来推断作者的写作意图。通常议论文、说明文等的主旨包含在文章开头,用略读法抓住文章的主旨,可以快速推断出作者的写作意图。2.通过文章的文体推断作者的写作意图。(1)议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某种观点或某种做法。(2)说明文是对客观事物的说明或对抽象事理的阐释,事物说明文的目的通常是使读者认识和了解某事物。(3)记叙文的目的一般是讲述一个有趣的或有教育意义的故事或经历,使读者从中得到乐趣或者某种启示。(4)广告类文章一般是要推销某种产品或服务,目的通常是吸引更多的顾客、游客、读者或观众等。
【二次精读】　　核心单词:essentially adv. 本质上,根本上　cnsequence n. 结果,后果　assume v. 假定,假设,认为　ultimately adv. 最终,最后高级句式:if yu’re ging t use, (fr example), Picass t try and understand (hw a pear lked in the early 条件状语从句 插入语 宾语从句20th century), yu might be misled.