许昌高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期开学考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份许昌高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期开学考试英语试卷(含答案)，共21页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Science Bks fr Kids f All Ages
T help yu chse the perfect educatin al bks fr yur child, we’ve created this handpicked list f the best science bks fr kids. The titles featured here spark curisity, encurage leaning, and are lts f fun, t.
Abut Time: A First Lk at Time and Clcks
Authr: Bruce Kscielniak; Price: US $8.55
Lng ag peple used the sun, the mn, and the water t tell time. Sn after we began using ur knwledge abut the natural wrld t build clcks and t create calendars made up f mnths and years. Centuries later, we have clcks and calendars all arund us. This bk tells the amazing stry f hw it all happened!
Animalium: Welcme t the Museum
Authr: Katie Sctt;Price: US $8.99
This bk pens the drs f the natural histry museum fr yur child all year rund! It features 200 full-clr specimens accmpanied by lively, infrmative text and mre. Discver the animal kingdm inglrius detail with unique illustratins that cmbine science and art.
Bang!: Hw We Came t Be
Authr: Michael Rubin; Price: US $16.00
“Bang! And that was it, the beginning f everything.” S begins this beautifully illustrated stry f evlutin. This bk cnveys nt nly the facts but als the excitement f the scientific explanatin f ur wrld, frm the rigin f the universe t the present reality f ur planet.
Bedtime Math: The Truth Cmes Out
Authr: Laura Overdeck; Price: US $10.99
This bk makes learning abut math as fun as dessert after dinner! It cmbines math and cl facts fr ne fun and wild adventure. Nw kids can discver the science behind all their favrite things: marshmallws, sda, ice cream, and mre. With ver 100 math prblems n a variety f tpics, kids will find math isn’t just fun — it can be fund everywhere!
1．What can kids learn in the bk Abut Time?
A. The tugh life f ancestrs.B. The rigin f the sun and the mn.
C. The ld ways t measure time.D. The wildlife in the natural wrld.
2．What d Animalium and Bang have in cmmn?
A. They are children’s nvels.B. They are ppular fr cheap price.
C. They are cllected in the museum.D. They are illustrated stries fr kids.
3．Which bk can make numbers fun and easy?
A. Bang.B. Bedtime Math.C. Animalium.D. Abut Time.
3M and Discvery Educatin annunced Sean Jiang frm Gilman Schl as ne f the tp ten finalists frm acrss the natin fr the 2023 3M Yung Scientist Challenge. It’s a cmpetitin that encurages students t identify an everyday prblem and submit a vide shwing the science behind the slutin he r she came up with.
14-year-ld Jiang decided t help thse wh can’t see. Blind peple had a hard time navigating (导航) bjects that are medium t far range. S Jiang wanted t design smething t give them a heads-up n bstacles (障碍) that may be incming.
Jiang’s inspiratin came frm the pwers f the hearing system. “I learned in schl that bats and whales are able t use echlcatin (回声定位) t help them navigate and just use their sense f hearing and I als saw n YuTube sme very skilled blind peple that use echlcatin t help them walk,” said Jiang.
Jiang started with a virtual reality setting and then made it a reality. His creatin uses a depth camera that can detect hw clse bjects are, thus giving enugh time t ddge the bstacles. When a blind is walking with the device, the sensr f the depth camera gathers the infrmatin regarding the bstacles’ psitin and distance. Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data int musical sund guidance. This culd significantly increase the walking speed f a blind persn as well as decrease the number f bstacles they hit.
Sme ther similar prgrams were alright at finding bjects that were in clse range, but Jiang still wanted the blind t experience the wrld even fuller s they were able t see stuff that was much further away than their circle f reach.
In Octber, the tp ten finalists will cmpete in persn in Minneaplis fr the title f “America’s Tp Yung Scientist” and a $25, 000 prize.
4．What can we learn abut Jiang frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. He was the champin f the 2023 3M event.
B. He invented technlgy t remve rad bstacles.
C. He sught t assist the blind in walking smthly.
D. He develped a new navigatin app fr his schl.
5．Why did Jiang mentin “echlcatin”？
A. T shw the develpment f technlgy.
B. T present the difficulties the blind face.
C. T stress the significance f hearing.
D. T explain the inspiratin f his inventin.
6．What des the underlined wrd “ddge” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Avid.B. Encunter.C. Challenge.D. Remve.
7．What is the text mainly abut?
A. 3M facilities intended fr the blind.
B. A teen using sund t help the blind.
C. An inventin t cure visin prblems.
D. A cmpetitin t imprve the blind’s life.
When delivering medicatins t patients, ne f the mst effective methds is direct injectin (注射) int the bldstream using a needle. But this can be an uncmfrtable experience, especially fr kids r adults with a fear f needles. While patients d have the ptin t take ral pills instead, drugs cntaining large mlecules (分子) are nt absrbed effectively this way.
Nw, inspired by ctpus suckers (章鱼吸盘), researchers frm China and Switzerland have designed a needle-free alternative: a tiny, drug-filled, cup-like patch (贴片) that sticks t the inside f the cheeks. The device is easily accessible, and it can be remved at any time and the drug gets absrbed thrugh the lining f the inner cheek, the team reprts in a paper in Science Translatinal Medicine.
T test the design, the team 3D printed the suckers. They laded each with the drug and stuck them inside the cheeks f three beagles, a kind f dg which has a similar inner cheek lining t humans. Fr cmparisn, they als delivered the drug t beagles via a pill. After three hurs, the team fund that drug bld cncentratins in dgs with the patch were mre than 150 times higher than in the dgs that tk a tablet. They als fund patches wrked effectively fr drugs with large mlecules.
40 healthy human vlunteers self-applied water-filled patches t see hw well they wuld stay n while talking and mving their muths. After 30 minutes, nly five f the 40 patches had fallen ff, which was because f imprper placement. Mst vlunteers said they wuld prefer a patch ver injectins fr daily applicatins.
Still, the team nly tested the patch fr a shrt time s they wuld need t find ut what wuld happen if it was used repeatedly. They’d als need t determine which drugs wuld wrk with the technlgy: the target is large mlecules, such as thse used t treat besity r steprsis, but they can’t be t large t fit in the cup.
8．Why d the researchers develp the patch?
A. T help patients vercme the fear f needles.
B. T enable kids t swallw tablets smthly.
C. T ffer a better way f drug delivery.
D. T guarantee the efficiency f ral pills.
9．What des the research n dgs prve?
A. It is technlgically pssible t 3D print the patches.
B. The cheek lining f dgs is similar t that f humans.
C. Patches fall easily with their muth mvement.
D. Drugs are absrbed better thrugh patches than pills.
10．Which f the fllwing can best describe the device?
A. Innvative and prfitable.B. Effective and user-friendly.
C. Affrdable and accessible.D. Flexible and lng-lasting.
11．What des the last paragraph stress?
A. The related issues t be slved.
B. The risk f using patches repeatedly.
C. The way t identity large mlecules.
D. The truble f imprving the technlgy.
Yu see a shpper trip ver in a busy street. Smene else can help. That’s what yu tell yurself. This is the bystander effect in actin — the dilutin (淡化) f respnsibility in the presence f thers — and it has been demnstrated in many past studies.
But life is cmplicated and psychlgists have seen exceptinal circumstances. Tw experiments were cnducted by Marc van Bmmel and his team using an nline chat rm fr peple with extreme emtinal prblems. Eighty-six students were lgged int the frum (论坛) and shwn five messages frm trubled users. They were tld t write a reply if they wanted, but it was entirely up t them.
Basically, participants culd see their names n the screen alngside thers’ names. A cunter als tld them if the frum was quiet, with just ne ther persn lgged in, r busy, with 30 thers nline. This arrangement reprduced the classic Bystander Effect-participants were less likely t pst replies with mre peple lgged in. Hwever, when the researchers cued (提示) self-awareness by highlighting participants’ names in red n the screen, they psted mre replies n a busy frum.
A secnd study was built n these findings, but this time self-awareness was raised by the presence, r nt, f a cmputer web-camera. Over 100 participants tk part. Althugh tld the camera wuldn’t be used until later, thse with cameras were asked t check the camera’s indicatr-light during the study. The Bystander Effect was reprduced when web-cameras were absent-n busy frums participants psted fewer replies t needy users. By cntrast, thse cued t be self-aware by the web-cam actually wrte mre replies.
Nearly any nline cmmunity can benefit frm the research. The ability t turn hesitant bystanders int eager helpers is a recipe fr engagement and cllective benefit. As in the research, simple design cues culd be integrated t help nline users remember they are visible t the cmmunity. Fr example, the size f prfile images and specific n-site reminders can be used t highlight hw users see themselves within the cmmunity.
12．What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. The hidden danger f a busy street.
B. The bystander effect in actin.
C. The dilutin f respnsibility.
D. The presence f ther peple.
13．In the first study, the participants psted mre replies t the trubled when
A. there were mre emtinal prblems
B. the cunter indicated the frum was quiet
C. their presence was reminded n the screen
D. mre individuals were lgged in the frum
14．Why is the web-camera used in the secnd study?
A. T encurage mre replies.
B. T reprduce the bystander effect.
C. T further test participants’ mindset.
D. T better recrd participants’ actins.
15．What strategy can nline cmmunities learn frm the research?
A. Wrking tgether t attract mre users.
B. Cmbining designs t bst users’ memry.
C. Building mre platfrms fr public prmtin.
D. Explring ways t change bystanders int upstanders.
二、七选五
16．Fr the past tw mnths, Mandy Chen, a secnd-year student at Beijing University f Technlgy, has been psting phts f herself t Taba, psing with a reusable cup, climbing stairs and switching ff lights. ① _________ Taba’s Al algrithm (算法) calculates that Chen’s use f a reusable cup reduced 15.7 grams f carbn emissins (排放), while her chice t take the stairs instead f the lift resulted in a reductin f 19.5 grams. ② _________
After seven days f psting her phts, Chen exchanged the pints fr a dzen f bidegradable rubbish bags frm Taba. Everyne can get an endless supply f free trash bags if they keep ging, accrding t Chen. ③ _________
Chen uses Carbn88, a platfrm launched last August by Alibaba Grup Hlding, t help the mre than 800 millin users n Taba adpt a sustainable lifestyle. The platfrm rewards users fr ver 70 lw-carbn behaviurs. ④ _________ It als recmmends prducts that it cnsiders envirnmentally sustainable, and gives users pints fr buying them.
⑤ _________ “I didn’t knw that my actins culd prduce such carbn reductin,” Chen said, “Nw I feel gd fr what I’m ding t make this wrld a tiny bit better. We as a part f sciety can call fr mre systemic changes.”
A. It encurages them t reduce their carbn ftprint.
B. And her effrts t save electricity prevented 65.50 grams.
C. It’s a valuable additin t current carbn-reductin plicies.
D. Carbn reductin has helped increase Chen’s envirnmental awareness.
E. Within minutes, she receives a dzen pints frm the app as a reward.
F. They range frm taking public transprt t shpping f secnd-hand items.
G. She is nw saving pints fr smething better, like snacks and water bttles.
三、完形填空（15空）
Harry Burleigh headed int the wds fr a camping trip with his fishing equipment. A few days later, his wife Stacy grew 1 when he didn’t cme hme as planned.
Stacy called the 2 t reprt her husband’s missing. Search and rescue teams 3 began their wrk and went n fr days, but there was n 4 f Harry anywhere. Everyne was wrried — the temperatures were quite lw sme nights, and it had even snwed.
On May 15, the rescuers finally caught a break when they 5 a shelter and his fishing equipment. They 6 supprt frm ver 16 rescue rganizatins, and they explred every pssible 7 but with n luck. Therefre, the rescuers 8 him a lighter and a nte telling him t make a 9 and they wuld be back. Tw days later, a team fund anther 10 , but this time, Harry was nearby and heard his name called! It turned ut he was 11 alng the path with minr pain.
12 , the crew radied fr a helicpter t take him t the hspital fr a cmplete evaluatin after spending 17 lng days ut.
“This was the 13 we all have been lking fr in this case,” a rescuer said. “It is ur 14 search and rescue teams and the partnerships we have with ther teams that helped 15 Mr. Burleigh and his family.”
17．A. excitedB. cncernedC. annyedD. puzzled
18．A. authritiesB. hspitalC. agenciesD. family
19．A. hesitantlyB. instantlyC. secretlyD. suddenly
20．A. newsB. hpeC. signD. wnder
21．A. spttedB. fferedC. sughtD. cnstructed
22．A. turned dwnB. depended nC. called inD. cut ff
23．A. equipmentB. breakC. fdD. path
24．A. bughtB. leftC. presentedD. fetched
25．A. fireB. bedC. videD. face
26．A. riverB. chanceC. teamD. shelter
27．A. huntingB. explringC. walkingD. marching
28．A. AmusedB. AwkwardC. UpsetD. Relieved
29．A. causeB. utcmeC. awardD. evaluatin
30．A. determinedB. tlerantC. disciplinedD. flexible
31．A. affectB. instructC. encurageD. reunite
四、短文填空
32．Xi’an, capital city f Shaanxi, served as the capital f 13 dynasties in Chinese histry, which in ttal ① _________ (last) abut 1,100 years. Cnsequently, the ancient histry f Shaanxi is t sme degree the ancient histry f China. Shaanxi Histry Museum cnsiders ② _________ a duty t be a shwcase f Chinese ancient civilizatin.
Peple call Shaanxi Histry Museum “Bright Pearl in Ancient Capital and Precius Treasure f China”, fr it is an art palace ③ _________ (full) shwing Shaanxi histry and culture as well as Chinese ancient civilizatin. Its architectural buildings and exhibits have made it famus as a first-class museum in China ④ _________ it was pened t the public in 1991. It cvers ⑤ _________ ttal area f 65, 000 square meters.
The basic halls in the museum are divided int three exhibitin halls ⑥ _________2,000 cultural remains t display the histry f ancient times in chrnlgical (编年的) rder. The first exhibitin hall ⑦ _________ (lcate) n the grund flr while the ther tw are n the secnd flr.
While ⑧ _________ (design) the buildings in Shaanxi Histry Museum, the great designer used ⑨ _________ (traditin) palace cnstructin f Tang Dynasty fr reference. Adpting symmetry axis (轴对称) layut with main and supprting buildings in rder, the cmplex ⑩ _________ (architecture) shw the unique presence f Tang Dynasty.
五、书面表达
33．你校英文报正在开展以 Students’ Time Spent n Physical Exercise Weekly为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿, 内容包括：
1. 描述调查结果；
2. 分析其原因并给出建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 短文的题目和首句已为你写好。
Students’ Time Spent n Physical Exercise Weekly
Nwadays, many students are aware f the significance f physical exercise, althugh the time they spend n it varies.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Saving the Daisies
Taylr aged 14 pened her sleepy eyes and lked ut the windw belw. “NO!” she cried, nw fully awake. Buttermilk the cw was in Mama’s daisy (雏菊) garden.
“I must have frgtten t clse the gate last night,” Taylr thught as she pulled a sweatshirt ver her head. Mama was planning t sell the daisies at the fair next week. But Buttermilk was eating the flwers. Taylr hurried utside and grabbed a rpe.
“Why can’t yu stay in the field?” she called t Buttermilk as she headed acrss the yard t the daisy garden. Buttermilk std biting the tender flwers.
“When I grw up, I’ll be an artist and paint pictures all day,” Taylr thught. “I’ll nt wn a cw. T much truble.” Taylr was fnd f painting since the day she had memry. She wuld like t help with family but she lved seeing birds and flwers alive under her brush mre.
Just as Taylr was abut t thrw the rpe nt Buttermilk’s cllar, the family dg barked. Buttermilk culdn’t stand it and tk ff, tearing thrugh the daisies. It finally ran thrugh the pen gate and int the field utside. “Thank gdness!” Taylr said as she clsed the gate and secured the lck. But as she turned t lk at the flwer garden, mst f the daisies were either eaten r left in pieces.
Mama and Dad came ut f the huse. “What’s ging n?” Mama asked. She lked sadly at her garden. “I frgt t clse the gate,” Taylr said. “I’m s srry. ” “I knw yu are.” Mama sighed and gave Taylr a hug.
Taylr’s heart was heavy as she went back int the huse. Mama had prepared much fr the fair but nw half f her effrts were in vain. Taylr decided t think f a way t make it up t her mther. The prblem tasked Taylr’s mind. Culd she plant ther flwers in a week? Nt enugh time. Culd she make use f the daisies in pieces? Nt enugh magic. Taylr fund n way ut.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly, Taylr nticed a daisy painting in the huse and an idea jumped in.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A week later, when her parents were lading the car, Taylr brught her paintings dwnstairs.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Abut Time: A First Lk at Time and Clcks的“Lng ag peple used the sun, the mn, and the water t tell time.”（很久以前，人们用太阳、月亮和水来报时）可知，孩子们可以在《关于时间》这本书中了解过去计算时间的方法。故选C项。
2．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据Animalium: Welcme t the Museum中“Discver the animal kingdm in glrius detail with unique illustratins”（用独特的插图探索动物王国的辉煌细节）和Bang!: Hw We Came t Be中“S begins this beautifully illustrated stry f evlutin”（于是，这个插图精美的进化故事开始了）可知，这两本书中都有插图用来描述故事。故选D项。
3．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段“Bedtime Math: The Truth Cmes Out中With ver 100 math prblems n a variety f tpics, kids will find math isn’t just fun―it can be fund everywhere”（有100多道关于各种主题的数学题，孩子们会发现数学不仅仅是有趣的——它无处不在）可知，Bed tie Math可以使数字学习简单有趣。故选B项。
4．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“14-year-ld Jiang decided t help thse wh can’t see. Blind peple had a hard time navigating(导航) bjects that are medium t far range. S Jiang wanted t design smething t give them a heads-up n bstacles(障碍) that may be incming. (14岁的Jiang决定帮助那些看不见的人。盲人很难在中远距离的物体上导航。因此，Jiang想设计一些东西，让他们对可能到来的障碍有所预警。)”可知，Jiang设法帮助盲人顺利行走。故选C项。
5．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Jiang’s inspiratin came frm the pwers f the hearing system. (Jiang的灵感来自于听觉系统的力量。)”以及Jiang所说“I learned in schl that bats and whales are able t use echlcatin (回声定位) t help them navigate and just use their sense f hearing and I als saw n YuTube sme very skilled blind peple that use echlcatin t help them walk.( 我在学校里学过蝙蝠和鲸鱼能够利用回声定位来帮助它们导航，而且我还在YuTube上看到一些非常熟练的盲人利用回声定位来帮助他们走路。)”可知，Jiang提到“回声定位”是为了解释他的发明灵感。故选D项。
6．答案：A
解析：词句猜测题。划线词句后文“When a blind is walking with the device, the sensr f the depth camera gathers the infrmatin regarding the bstacles’ psitin and distance. Then the AI system in it will turn the distance data int musical sund guidance. This culd significantly increase the walking speed f a blind persn as well as decrease the number f bstacles they hit. (当盲人使用该设备行走时，深度相机的传感器会收集有关障碍物位置和距离的信息。然后其中的人工智能系统将把距离数据转化为音乐声音引导。这可以显著提高盲人的行走速度，并减少他们撞到的障碍物数量。)”说明该设备能够帮助盲人避开障碍物，从而推知划线词句“His creatin uses a depth camera that can detect hw clse bjects are, thus giving enugh time t ddge the bstacles. (他的发明使用了一个深度相机，可以探测到物体有多近，从而有足够的时间ddge障碍物。)”故划线词汇意思是“避开”。故选A项。
7．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段中“14-year-ld Jiang decided t help thse wh can’t see. (14岁的Jiang决定帮助那些看不见的人。)”以及第三段中“Jiang’s inspiratin came frm the pwers f the hearing system. (Jiang的灵感来自于听觉系统的力量。)”等内容可知，本文主要介绍了一个青少年Sean Jiang的发明创造，他发明的设备能用声音帮助盲人顺利行走。故选B项。
8．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中“While patients d have the ptin t take ral pills instead, drugs cntaining large mlecules (分子) are nt absrbed effectively this way.(虽然患者可以选择服用口服药片，但这种含有大分子的药物不能有效吸收。)”和第二段中“The device is easily accessible, and it can be remved at any time and the drug gets absrbed thrugh the lining f the inner cheek, the team reprts in a paper in Science Translatinal Medicine. (研究小组在《科学转化医学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中报告说，这种装置很容易获得，可以随时取下，药物通过脸颊内侧的内壁被吸收。)”可知，研究人员研发这种贴片是为了提供一种更好的药物输送方式。故选C项。
9．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“After three hurs, the team fund that drug bld cncentratins in dgs with the patch were mre than 150 times higher than in the dgs that tk a tablet. (三小时后，研究小组发现，贴着贴片的狗血液中的药物浓度比服用药片的狗高出150多倍。)”可知，对狗的研究证明，贴片比药片更能吸收药物。故选D项。
10．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“The device is easily accessible, and it can be remved at any time and the drug gets absrbed thrugh the lining f the inner cheek, the team reprts in a paper in Science Translatinal Medicine. (研究小组在《科学转化医学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中报告说，这种装置很容易获得，可以随时取下，药物通过脸颊内侧的内壁被吸收。)”和第三段中“They als fund patches wrked effectively fr drugs with large mlecules. (他们还发现贴片对大分子药物有效。)”以及第四段中“Mst vlunteers said they wuld prefer a patch ver injectins fr daily applicatins. (大多数志愿者表示，他们更喜欢贴片，而不是每天注射。)”可知，该设备的特点是有效和对用户友好。故选B项。
11．答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Still, the team nly tested the patch fr a shrt time s they wuld need t find ut what wuld happen if it was used repeatedly. (不过，该团队只测试了很短的时间，所以他们需要弄清楚如果反复使用会发生什么。)”和“They’d als need t determine which drugs wuld wrk with the technlgy: the target is large mlecules, such as thse used t treat besity r steprsis, but they can’t be t large t fit in the cup.(他们还需要确定哪些药物可以与该技术一起工作：目标是大分子，例如用于治疗肥胖或骨质疏松症的药物，但它们不能太大而无法装入杯子（杯状贴片）。)”可知，最后一段强调了这一技术还需要解决的相关问题。故选A项。
12．答案：B
解析：词句猜测题。划线词前文“This is the bystander effect in actin — the dilutin (淡化) f respnsibility in the presence f thers (这就是行动中的旁观者效应——在他人在场的情况下责任被稀释)”谈论并解释了行动中的旁观者效应，从而推知划线词句“and it has been demnstrated in many past studies(it在过去的许多研究中都得到证明)”中划线的“it”指的是“行动中的旁观者效应”。故选B项。
13．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hwever, when the researchers cued (提示) self-awareness by highlighting participants’ names in red n the screen, they psted mre replies n a busy frum. (然而，当研究人员通过在屏幕上用红色标出参与者的名字来提示自我意识时，他们在一个繁忙的论坛上发表了更多的回复)”可知，在第一项研究中，当参与者的存在在屏幕上被提醒时，参与者会对问题用户发布更多回复。故选C项。
14．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“A secnd study was built n these findings, but this time self-awareness was raised by the presence, r nt, f a cmputer web-camera. (第二项研究建立在这些发现的基础上，但这一次，自我意识是由电脑网络摄像头的存在或不存在引起的)”和“The Bystander Effect was reprduced when web-cameras were absent-n busy frums participants psted fewer replies t needy users. By cntrast, thse cued t be self-aware by the web-cam actually wrte mre replies. (当没有网络摄像头时，旁观者效应也会重现——在繁忙的论坛上，参与者对需要帮助的用户的回复更少。相比之下，那些被网络摄像头提示有自我意识的人实际上写了更多的回复)”可推知，在第二个研究中使用网络摄像头是为了进一步测试参与者的心态。故选C项。
15．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Nearly any nline cmmunity can benefit frm the research. The ability t turn hesitant bystanders int eager helpers is a recipe fr engagement and cllective benefit. (几乎所有的在线社区都能从这项研究中受益。把犹豫不决的旁观者变成热心的帮助者的能力，是促成参与和集体利益的秘诀)”可推知，在线社区可以从研究中学到把旁观者变成挺身而出者的方法。故选D项。
16．答案：①-⑤EBGFD
解析：①上文“Fr the past tw mnths, Mandy Chen, a secnd-year student at Beijing University f Technlgy, has been psting phts f herself t Taba, psing with a reusable cup, climbing stairs and switching ff lights. (在过去的两个月里，北京工业大学二年级学生Mandy Chen一直在淘宝上晒自己的照片，摆出拿着可重复使用的杯子、爬楼梯和关灯的姿势。)”说明Mandy Chen在淘宝上晒自己所做的有利于环境的照片，选项E“几分钟内，她就会从应用中获得12分作为奖励。”和上文存在因果关系，因为她为环境做出的努力，得到淘宝的奖励。故选E项。
②上文“Taba’s Al algrithm (算法) calculates that Chen’s use f a reusable cup reduced 15.7 grams f carbn emissins (排放), while her chice t take the stairs instead f the lift resulted in a reductin f 19.5 grams. (淘宝的人工智能算法计算出，Chen使用可重复使用的杯子减少了15.7克的碳排放量，而她选择走楼梯而不是乘电梯减少了19.5克的碳排放量。)”介绍Chen的各种环保行为减少的具体碳排放量，选项B“她为节省电力所做的努力减少了65.50克。”承接上文，继续介绍Chen的节省电力环保行为减少的碳排放量。故选B项。
③上文“After seven days f psting her phts, Chen exchanged the pints fr a dzen f bidegradable rubbish bags frm Taba. Everyne can get an endless supply f free trash bags if they keep ging, accrding t Chen. (在晒出她的照片7天后，Chen用这些积分从淘宝上换了12个可生物降解的垃圾袋。根据Chen的说法，如果每个人都坚持下去，就可以得到源源不断的免费垃圾袋。)”说明Chen已经用积分换了垃圾袋，选项G“她现在正在攒积分换取更好的东西，比如零食和水瓶。”承接上文，介绍她现在正在准备攒积分换更好的东西。故选G项。
④上文“The platfrm rewards users fr ver 70 lw-carbn behaviurs. (该平台奖励用户70多种低碳行为。)”谈到平台奖励用户70多种低碳行为，选项F“它们包括从乘坐公共交通工具到购买二手物品。”承接上文，说明这70多种低碳行为包括哪些内容。选项中They指上文中ver 70 lw-carbn behaviurs，语义一致，故选F项。
⑤下文“‘I didn’t knw that my actins culd prduce such carbn reductin,’ Chen said, ‘Nw I feel gd fr what I’m ding t make this wrld a tiny bit better. We as a part f sciety can call fr mre systemic changes.’(‘我不知道我的行动能产生如此多的碳减排，’ Chen说，‘现在我为自己所做的让这个世界变得更好而感到高兴。作为社会的一部分，我们可以呼吁更多的系统性变革。’)”说明碳减排行动提高了Chen的环保意识，Chen在为保护环境呼吁更多的变革，选项D“减少碳排放帮助Chen增强了环保意识。”引领下文，概括了本段主题，说明碳减排行动提高了Chen的环保意识。故选D项。
17．答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几天后，他的妻子Stacy开始担心他因为他没有按计划回家。A. excited兴奋的；B. cncerned担心的；C. annyed烦恼的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据前文“Harry Burleigh headed int the wds fr a camping trip with his fishing equipment.”和后文“when he didn’t cme hme as planned”可知，Harry Burleigh去露营但是没有按计划回家，这令妻子很担心。故选B项。
18．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Stacy打电话给当局报告她丈夫失踪了。A. authrities当局；B. hspital医院；C. agencies代理机构；D. family家庭。根据语境和后文“t reprt her husband’s missing”可知，Stacy打电话给当局报告她丈夫失踪了。故选A项。
19．答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：搜救队立即开始了他们的工作，持续了几天，但到处都没有Harry的踪影。A. hesitantly迟疑地；B. instantly立即；C. secretly秘密地；D. suddenly突然。根据前文“t reprt her husband’s missing”和后文“began their wrk”可知，得知Harry失踪了，搜救队立即开始搜救工作。故选B项。
20．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. news新闻；B. hpe希望；C. sign踪迹；D. wnder奇迹。搜救队开始搜救工作，但是没有发现Harry的踪迹。故选C项。
21．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：5月15日，救援人员终于找到了突破口，他们发现了一个庇护所和他的捕鱼设备。A. sptted发现；B. ffered提供；C. sught寻求；D. cnstructed建造。根据前文“the rescuers finally caught a break”和后文“a shelter and his fishing equipment”可知，救援人员发现了一个庇护所和Harry的捕鱼设备。故选A项。
22．答案：C
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们顺道向超过16个救援组织寻求帮助，他们探索了每一条可能的道路，但运气不好。A. turned dwn拒绝；B. depended n依靠；C. called in顺道走访；D. cut ff切断。根据后文“supprt frm ver 16 rescue rganizatins”可知，搜救队顺道向超过16个救援组织寻求帮助。故选C项。
23．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. equipment设备；B. break休息；C. fd食物；D. path道路。根据语境和前文“they explred every pssible”可知，因为是在寻找失踪的人，搜救队搜索了每一条可能的道路。故选D项。
24．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，救援人员给他留下了一个打火机和一张纸条，告诉他生火，他们会回来的。A. bught买；B. left留下；C. presented呈现；D. fetched取来。救援人员给Harry留下一个打火机和一张纸条。故选B项。
25．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. fire火；B. bed床；C. vide视频；D. face脸。救援人员给Harry留下了一个打火机为了让他生火。故选A项。
26．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：两天后，一支队伍找到了另一个庇护所，但这一次，Harry就在附近，听到有人叫他的名字！A. river河；B. chance机会；C. team队伍；D. shelter庇护所。两天后，一支救援队找到了另一个庇护所。故选D项。
27．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：原来他是带着轻微的疼痛沿着小路走着。A. hunting捕猎；B. explring探索；C. walking走；D. marching行进。根据后文“alng the path with minr pain”可知，Harry带着疼痛沿着小路走着。march指像军人一样行进，不符合句意。故选C项。
28．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全体工作人员松了一口气，用无线电呼叫了一架直升机，将他送到医院进行全面评估，此前他在外面待了17天。A. Amused觉得好笑的；B. Awkward尴尬的；C. Upset心烦意乱的；D. Relieved如释重负的。救援人员发现了Harry，他们终于松了一口气。故选D项。
29．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名救援人员说：“这是我们一直在寻找的结果。”A. cause原因；B. utcme结果；C. award奖；D. evaluatin评估。找到Harry是救援人员一直在寻找的目标和结果。故选B项。
30．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“是我们坚定的搜救团队，以及我们与其他团队的合作，帮助Harry和他的家人团聚。”A. determined坚定的；B. tlerant容忍的；C. disciplined遵守纪律的；D. flexible灵活的。正是搜救队坚定的信念，不放弃搜救，才使Harry得救。故选A项。
31．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. affect影响；B. instruct指导；C. encurage鼓励；D. reunite团聚。根据语境和后文“Mr. Burleigh and his family”可知，救援队找到了Harry，帮助他和家人团聚。故选D项。
32．答案：①lasted②it③fully④since⑤a⑥with⑦is lcated⑧designing⑨traditinal⑩architectures
解析：①考查时态。句意：西安是陕西的省会，在中国历史上有13个王朝建都于此，共延续了约1,100年。分析可知，所填动词在从句中作谓语动词，与主句保持时态一致，用一般过去时，动词为过去式形式。故填lasted。
②考查it作形式宾语。句意：陕西历史博物馆以展示中国古代文明为己任。分析可知，设空处为动词“cnsiders”的宾语，即，“t be a shwcase f Chinese ancient civilizatin”，因此，所填应是用“it”作形式宾语。故填it。
③考查副词。句意：人们称陕西历史博物馆为“古都明珠，中华瑰宝”，因为它是一座充分展示陕西历史文化和中国古代文明的艺术殿堂。分析可知，所填应是副词作状语，修饰动词“shwing”。“full”，形容词，意为“满的，完全的”，其副词形式为“fully(完全地，彻底地)”。故填fully。
④考查连词和时间状语从句。句意：自1991年向公众开放以来，它的建筑和展品使它成为中国一流的博物馆。分析可知，所填应是连词，引导后文作时间状语从句。结合主句谓语动词“have made”可知，主句为现在完成时，与“since”引导的时间状语从句连用。故填since。
⑤考查不定冠词和固定短语。句意：它占地总面积65000平方米。分析可知，“a ttal area f…”，固定短语，意为“总面积为……”。故填a。
⑥考查介词。句意：博物馆的基本展厅分为三个展厅，其中有2000件文物，按时间顺序展示古代历史。根据结构可知应是with复合结构“with+名词+t d…”形式。故填with。
⑦考查时态和被动。句意：第一个展厅位于一楼，另外两个展厅位于二楼。分析可知，所填动词作句子的谓语动词。根据后文谓语“are”以及前后文语境可知，应是一般现在时，动词“lcate(设立，把……建在)”与主语“The first exhibitin hall”之间为被动关系，用一般现在时被动结构：is dne。故填is lcated。
⑧考查省略句。句意：这位伟大的设计师在设计陕西历史博物馆的建筑时，借鉴了唐代传统的宫殿建筑。其主语与主句主语“the great designer”一致，与动词“design”为主动关系，这里用现在分词形式。故填designing。
⑨考查形容词。句意：这位伟大的设计师在设计陕西历史博物馆的建筑时，借鉴了唐代传统的宫殿建筑。分析可知，这里应是形容词作定语，修饰名词“palace cnstructin f Tang Dynasty”。“traditin”，名词，意为“传统”，其形容词形式为“traditinal(传统的)”。故填traditinal。
⑩考查名词复数。句意：建筑群采用对称轴线布局，主体建筑与配套建筑排列有序，呈现出唐代特有的风貌。分析可知，“the cmplex 10 (architecture)”为句子的主语，用名词形式。结合谓语动词“shw”可知，应是名词复数作主语。故填architectures。
33．答案： Students’ Time Spent n Physical Exercise Weekly
Nwadays, many students are aware f the significance f physical exercise, althugh the time they spend n it varies.
It can be seen frm the survey that the percentage f students wh spend 2-3 hurs a week, 3-4 hurs a week and 4-5 hurs a week is respectively 30%, 40% and 18%. Hwever, there are still12% f students wh nly spend 1-2 hurs a week.
The survey shws that a significant number f students are cmmitted t physical exercise. This trend may be due t increased awareness f the imprtance f physical fitness and prmtin f sprts activities by the schl.
As far as I’m cncerned, by cntinuing t prmte and supprt physical activities within the schl envirnment, we can ensure the verall well-being and health f ur students.
解析：1.词汇积累
展示：shw→shwcase
重要的：significant→essential
提高：imprve→prmte
确保：ensure→make sure
2.句式拓展
同义句转化
原句：Hwever, there are still12% f students wh nly spend 1-2 hurs a week.
拓展句：Hwever, there are still12% f students nly spending 1-2 hurs a week.
【高分句型1】Hwever, there are still12% f students wh nly spend 1-2 hurs a week.（运用了wh引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】The survey shws that a significant number f students are cmmitted t physical exercise.（that引导的宾语从句）
34．答案： Suddenly, Taylr nticed a flwer painting in the huse and an idea jumped in. She raced up stairs, grabbed her art supplies and sat dwn at her desk. Lking at the remaining daisies belw the windw, she mved her brush. As her brush mved smthly acrss the paper, daisies came alive. Taylr made ne painting after anther. The next few days witnessed Taylr’s cntinuing effrts and burst f creativity. She even drew the greedy Buttermilk and ht-tempered dg. Her paintings munted but Taylr’s heart was beating mre quickly as the fair day was appraching.
A week later, when her parents were lading the car, Taylr brught her paintings dwnstairs. With butterflies in stmach, she presented the paintings t Mama and Dad. Right in frnt f them were Taylr’s paintings f beautiful daisies! Mama’s eyes went wet, nt just fr the vivid clrs, but fr the sweats Taylr put in bringing the flwers back t life. She gathered Taylr int her arms. “D yu think anyne will buy them?” Taylr asked. Mama smiled, “Oh, sweetie, yes. I’m sure they will.” The sunlight then shne upn the family. Nt nly were the daisies saved but their family bnd was als strengthened.
解析：1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，泰勒注意到房子里有一幅花画，于是她有了一个主意。”可知，第一段可描写泰勒突发奇想，决定通过画画来弥补她的失误。
②由第二段首句内容“一周后，当她的父母把东西搬上车时，泰勒把她的画搬到了楼下。”可知，第二段可描写妈妈看到泰勒的画的反应。
2. 续写线索：想办法弥补过错——选择绘画——向母亲展示作品——装车赶往集市——母亲感动
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①冲到楼上：race upstairs/rush upstairs
②展现：present/display
③拥抱：gather sb. int ne’s arms/hld sb. in ne’s arms
情绪类
①忐忑不安：with butterflies in stmach/apprehensive
②激动：Mama’s eyes went wet/Mama was very excited
【高分句型1】As her brush mved smthly acrss the paper, daisies came alive.(as引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】Nt nly were the daisies saved but their family bnd was als strengthened.(nt nly开头的倒装句)