高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题01 细节题 (原卷版+解析版 )
展开\l _Tc21216 Part 1 技巧导图 PAGEREF _Tc21216 \h 1
\l _Tc19164 Part 2 知识详解 PAGEREF _Tc19164 \h 1
\l _Tc6784 Part 3 细节题选项特征 PAGEREF _Tc6784 \h 2
\l _Tc21761 Part 4 细节题解题秘籍 PAGEREF _Tc21761 \h 3
\l _Tc30885 Part 5 定位词的寻找技巧 PAGEREF _Tc30885 \h 8
\l _Tc26095 Part 6 高频同义替换词 PAGEREF _Tc26095 \h 10
Part 1 技巧导图
Part 2 知识详解
设问方式和考题类型
设问方式
常针对文中细节提问,可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。
1. 是非题形式:true/ false或except?
All f the fllwing are true EXCEPT _____.
2.特殊疑问句形式:
Accrding t the passage, wh/ what/ when/ where / why / hw…
3.填空题形式,如:
T avid attracting muntain lins, peple are advised_____
题目类型
1.Wh-细节型
2.是非型
3.计算型
4.排序型
5.图标型
Part 3 细节题选项特征
(一)细节理解题正确选项特征
(二)细节理解题干扰选项特征
Part 4 细节题解题秘籍
细节理解题有时比较直接,理解字面意思即可答题;有时则较为间接,需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右,是最重要的得分点。
细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问,考生都要记住一个解题原则——“本本主义”,一切从原文出发,无须读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理,正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。可以用两步法解题。
一.直接信息题
考生可以采取“关键词定位法”,即“带着问题找答案”的方法,通过定位找题眼。先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼),然后以此为线索,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句,快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关,然后仔细推敲,仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别,在准确理解细节的前提下,最后确定答案。简言之,可采用“一找二定三比对”的方法。解题流程如下:
做题小技巧:
1.若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号,例子,名言前后的内容,然后与选项核对。
2.在出现一些关键词,如hwever、but、mrever、therefre、 thus时,要特别注意句子前后意义的转折,递进,因果等关系。
3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项
4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如:must, never, the mst, all, merely, nly, have t, any, n, cmpletely, nne,等。但不是绝对,也有例外。
5.注意选项中的副词,形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如: must, may, ften, shuld, usually, might, mst, mre r less, likely, all, never,few 等存在程度不同,经常被偷换,往往被忽视。
6.细节题干扰项特点:与原文内容相反;与原文内容一半相符,一半不同;叙述过于绝对化;原文没有提及.
例子1
…
I fund the prehlidays a gd time t encurage yung children t dnate lessused things, and it wrked. Because f ur effrts, ur daughter Gergia did decide t dnate a large bag f tys t a little girl whse mther was unable t pay fr her hliday due t illness. She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund (基金) (ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr).
…
33.What made Gergia agree t sell sme f her bjects?
A.Saving up fr her hliday.
B.Raising mney fr a pr girl.
C.Adding the mney t her fund.
D.Giving the mney t a sick mther.
[解题示范]
第一步:定信息区间
第二步:比对定答案
二.间接信息题
相比直接信息题,命题的隐蔽性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
例子2…
Of the cmmn berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, althugh, because f their seeds, raspberries cntain a little mre prtein (蛋白质), irn and zinc (nt that fruits have much prtein). Blueberries are particularly high in antixidants (抗氧化物质). The yellw and range stne fruits such as peaches are high in the cartenids we turn int vitamin A and which are antixidants. As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
…
24.What des the authr seem t like abut cherries?
A.They cntain prtein.
B.They are high in vitamin A.
C.They have a pleasant taste.
D.They are rich in antixidants.
[解题示范]
第一步:定信息区间
第二步:比对定答案
三.概括、归纳信息题
是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,这是命题人设计细节理解题的正确选项时经常使用的手段之一。考生首先应依据题干指向,找到文中相应的信息区间,然后尝试用自己的语言去归纳总结文中的信息或事实,然后再看选项,挑选出和自己所归纳总结的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。
例子3…
At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, ften spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages; the Americas abut 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
…
30.Hw many languages are spken by less than 6,000 peple at present?
A.Abut 6,800. B.Abut 3,400.
C.Abut 2,400. D.Abut 1,200.
[解题示范]
第一步:定信息区间
第二步:比对定答案
四.正误判断题
是细节理解题中解题比较繁琐的题目,说其繁琐,因为其信息不像其他类题目那样集中在文章的某一句或某一段,而是分散在文章的各个角落。对于这类题目,考生要静下心来,看清范围,确定方向,找到每一个选项的对应信息后,谨慎排除,综合选优。
例子4
Fd festivals arund the wrld
Stiltn Cheese Rlling
May Day is a traditinal day fr celebratins, but the 2,000 English villagers f Stiltn must be the nly peple in the wrld wh include cheese rlling in their annual plans. Teams f fur, dressed in a variety f strange and funny clthes, rll a cmplete cheese alng a 50metre curse. On the way, they must nt kick r thrw their cheese, r g int their cmpetitrs' lane (赛道).Cmpetitin is fierce and the chief prize is a cmplete Stiltn cheese weighing abut fur kils (disappintingly, but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wden nes). All the cmpetitrs are served with beer r prt wine, the traditinal accmpaniment fr Stiltn cheese.
Fiery Fds Festival — The Httest Festival n Earth
Every year mre than 10,000 peple head fr the city f Albuquerque, New Mexic. They cme frm as far away as Australia, the Caribbean and China, but they all share a cmmn addictin — fd that is nt just spicy (辛辣), but ht enugh t make yur muth burn, yur head spin and yur eyes water. Their destinatin is the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival which is held ver a perid f three days every March. Yu might like t try a chclatecvered habaner pepper — fficially the httest pepper in the wrld — r any ne f the thusands f prducts that are n shw. But ne thing's fr sure — if yu dn't like the feeling f a burning tngue, this festival isn't fr yu!
La Tmatina — The Wrld's Biggest Fd Fight
On the last Wednesday f every August, the Spanish twn f Buñl hsts La Tmatina — the wrld's largest fd fight. A weeklng celebratin leads up t an exciting tmat battle as the highlight f the week's events. The early mrning sees the arrival f large trucks with tmates — fficial fightstarters get things ging by casting tmates at the crwd.
…
59.Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A.The chief prize fr the Stiltn cheese rlling cmpetitin is beer r prt wine.
B.Mre than 10,000 Chinese take part in the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival.
C.Thusands f spicy fds are n shw in the Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival.
D.An exciting tmat battle takes place at the beginning f La Tmatina.
[解题示范]
第一步:定信息区间
第二步:逐一比对定答案
[答案] C
Part 5 定位词的寻找技巧
1.定位词的选用
(1)特殊定位词
在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目,所以很快就能够做到精确定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.Fr the past tw years,Grdn’s students have been studying ways t kill bacteria in zer gravity,and they think they’re clse t a slutin(解决方案).“We dn’t give the students any breaks.They have t d it just like NASA engineers,” says Flrence Gld,a prject manager.
33.What is the purpse f the HUNCH prgram?
A.T strengthen teacher-student relatinships.
B.T sharpen students’ cmmunicatin skills.
C.T allw students t experience zer gravity.
D.T link space technlgy with schl educatin.
分析:选D。本题可以根据特殊定位词HUNCH可以定位到本段的第一句“HUNCH is designed t cnnect high schl classrms with NASA engineers.”可知,HUNCH项目的目的是把学校教育与航天技术联系在一起,故答案为D。
(2)普通定位词
普通定位词与特殊定位词相比,出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下,要思考的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选是名词,其次是动词。
[示例2]
In Save Mney:Gd Fd,she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste,while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day.And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s learnt int practice in her wn hme,preparing meals fr sns,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.
25.Hw des Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A.He buys cking materials fr her.
B.He prepares fd fr her kids.
C.He assists her in cking matters.
D.He invites guest families fr her.
分析:选C。 由于比较醒目人名Matt Tebbutt和 Susanna在文中出现多次,所以不能作为定位词。本题可以利用题干中的动词help来定位,从而找到原文信息“with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste”。
2.挑选定位词的注意点
(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词
定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围,如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语,那就失去了定位的意义。
(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换
在实际做题过程中还要注意,不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定位题,很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了,因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词,另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量,尤其是同义词转换,这样才能一击必中,快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。
[示例1]
Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn,D.C.
Duratin:3 hurs
This small grup bike tur is a fantastic way t see the wrld-famus cherry trees with beautiful flwers f Washingtn, guide will prvide a histry lessn abut the trees and the famus mnuments where they blssm.Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear!
21.Which tur d yu need t bk in advance?
A.Cherry Blssm Bike Tur in Washingtn,D.C.
B.Washingtn Capital Mnuments Bicycle Tur.
C.Capital City Bike Tur in Washingtn,D.C.
D.Washingtn Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tur.
分析:选A。本题可以用同义词定位:bk in advance =reserve“预约”。根据第一条自行车旅行路线中的“Reserve yur spt befre availability—and the cherry blssms—disappear!”可知,选择这条自行车旅行路线需要提前预订。
Part 6 高频同义替换词
★高频动词:
Bk=reserve=rder
Cnduct=carry ut
Please=amuse=entertain
Imprve=prmte
Guarantee=ensure
Dcument=recrd
Preserve=prtect
Ruin=destry=damage=vilate
Declare=annunce=infrm
Divide=separate=part with
cmplete = fulfill = accmplish= achieve
Delay=put ff=pstpne
Give=supply=prvide=ffer
Ignre=turn ne’s back t
Overuse=abuse
encurage = mtivate = stimulate = spur
Reject=refuse=turn dwn=decline
Receive=accept
See=bserve=ntice=spt
Search=explre
Cnnect=link=relate=assciate
Explde=blw ut
Discurage=frustrate
Accmpany=keep sb. Cmpany
rent=hire
Prve=turn ut
Remve=get rid f
Admire=appreciate
Pssess=wn
Decide=determine=reslve t d
Get= btain= acquire= gain= pssess
★高频名词:
Data=statistics
Nvel=fictin
Feature=characteristics
Career=ccupatin
Manners=etiquette
Gratitude=appreciatin
Experiement=trial
Persnality=character
Stress=pressure
Origin=pineer
Circumstance=envirnment=atmsphere
Opprtunity=chance
Creatin=innvatin
Cmment=remark=review(make a cmment n)
Achievement=recgnitin
Optin=chice=selectin
Material=resurce
Luggage=baggage=package
Rule=regulatin=principle
Directin=discipline=guideline
Clleague=cwrker
Essay=passage=article=text
Apprach=way=methd=means
★高频形容词、副词:
Delicius=tasty
Attentive=fcused
Original=initial
Final=eventual
Obvius=evident=Striking
Accurate=exact
Outstanding=brilliant=excellent=fascinating=remarkable=distinctive
Authentic=true=genuine
Thrilling=frightening
Thrilled=excited
Average=rdinary=cmmn=universal
Time-hnred=has a lng histry
Dull=bring
Daring=brave
Extra=additinal
Glad=pleased=delighted
Tuched=mved
Be Imprtant=significant=vital=key=essential=primary=elementary
Accessible=available=at hand
Apprpriate=prper=suitable
Appealing=attractive
Immediately=quickly=at nce=in time=hurriedly(hurry)
Rarely=hardly=seldm
Apprximately=abut=nearly=almst=practically
Cmplex=cmplicated
Safe=secure
★高频短语:
Ahead f time=in advance=previus
Places f interest=turist attractin
Result in=lead t=cntribute t
Be accustmed t=be used t ding
Meet/satisfy/fulfill ne’s demand/requirement/need
Jin in=take part in=participate in=be invlved in=be engaged in
Get ready fr=be prepared fr
Fcus n =cncentrate n
Transfrm A int B=Turn A int B
In the lng term=in the lng run
a way=t sme degree=at sme pint
Hld n t=insist
Take actin=take measures=take steps t
Keep in tuch with=cntact
In sme respect=t sme degree=at sme pint
Deal with=cpe with=handle with=address
At the same time=meanwhile
On the spt=n the scene
Make effrts t =try t=d all/everything ne can ut f ne’s way t d
Be prud f=take pride in
As a matter f fact=in fact=t tell yu the truth
Head int=leave fr
Arrive at=reach=get t=apprach
In spite f=despite
Frm ne’s perspective=frm ne’s pint f view
Try ding=attempt t
Be filled with=be charged with=be full f
Prefer t d A rather than d B
Prefer A t B
Prefer ding A t ding B
Run int=cme acrss
Take the place f=replace
Cme int effect= practice/use
Frm time t time=nce in a while
Be caught in=be trapped in
Cnsist f =be made up f
Fr a mment=fr a while
G n=cntinue
A cllectin f =a series f
Figure ut=find ut
Bright up=light up
Rll arund=turn up
lecture=deliver a speech
Draw ne’s attentin=attract ne’s attentin=raise ne’s awareness
Be desperate fr=desire fr=be thirsty fr
In favr f=favrable
同义替换
指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lse ne's jb换成了be ut f wrk。有些细节理解题把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,如把imprtant变换成f imprtance;改变原文中句子的语态,如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
信息归纳
用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,设置为正确答案。
正话反说
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
原文原词
利用原文原词作为正确选项。
张冠李戴
是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容。
无中生有
符合常识,但不是文章的内容。
曲解文意
与原文的内容极其相似,只是在某个细节处有些变动。
颠倒是非
在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
正误参半
部分正确,部分错误。
抓关键
题干中的关键词:Gergia, sell, bjects
锁信息
定位:用Gergia,sell,bjects寻读,在文中找到信息源——She chse t sell a few larger bjects that were less ften used when we prmised t put the mney int her schl fund (基金) (ur kindergarten daughter is serius abut becming a dctr).
选项
选项意思
定位
A
为她的假期储蓄。
曲解文意
B
为一个贫困女孩募捐。
曲解文意
C
把钱放入她的基金。
同义替换
D
把钱送给一个生病的妈妈。
无中生有
[分析] 选C 比对选项和信息句可知,女儿愿意卖几件玩具,是因为我们承诺把钱放入她的求学基金;选项和原文中均出现fund一词,故为直接细节理解题。故选C。
抓关键
题干中的关键词:cherries
锁信息
定位:用cherries寻读,在文中找到信息源——As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.
选项
选项意思
定位
A
它们含有蛋白质。
张冠李戴
B
它们富含维生素A。
张冠李戴
C
它们口感好。
同义替换
D
它们含有丰富的抗氧化物质。
张冠李戴
[分析] 选C 根据该段最后一句“As fr cherries (樱桃), they are s delicius wh cares? Hwever, they are rich in vitamin C.”可知,原文中的they are s delicius被替换成选项中的They have a pleasant taste,为间接细节理解题。故选C。
抓关键
题干中的关键词:6,000
锁信息
定位:用6,000寻读,在文中找到信息源——The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
选项
选项意思
原文意思
定位
A
大约6 800种。
6 800为现在世界现存语言数量。
张冠李戴
B
大约3 400种。
世界语言总量的一半即为3 400。
信息归纳
C
大约2 400种。
2 400为非洲语言数量。
张冠李戴
D
大约1 200种。
数字1 200在原文中没有出现,也无法做出有效归纳。
无中生有
[分析] 选B 根据本段第一句“At present, the wrld has abut 6,800 languages.”可知,目前世界上有大约6 800种语言;再根据最后一句“The median number (中位数) f speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.”可知,目前世界上一半的语言的使用人数少于6 000,也就是说有大约3 400种语言的使用人数少于6 000。根据以上数据的归纳概括可知B项为正确选项。
选项
选项关键词
信息区间
A
The chief prize fr the Stiltn cheese rlling cmpetitin
第一段第四句
B
Mre than 10,000 Chinese
第二段第一、二句
C
Thusands f spicy fds are n shw
第二段倒数第二句
D
An exciting tmat battle takes place at the beginning
第三段第二句
选项
选项意思
原文意思
定位
A
Stiltn滚动奶酪比赛的主要奖品是啤酒或波尔图葡萄酒。
奖品是a cmplete Stiltn cheese。
张冠李戴
B
一万多名中国人参加Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival。
参加者来自世界各地。
曲解文意
C
在Fiery Fd and BBQ Festival上,成千上万种辛辣食物被展出。
展出了成千上万种食物。
同义替换
D
在La Tmatina节日的开始,会举行一场激动人心的“西红柿大战”。
“西红柿大战”发生在节日结尾,而不是节日的开始。
曲解文意
高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题10 阅读理解-三年(2019-2021)(原卷版+解析版): 这是一份高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题10 阅读理解-三年(2019-2021)(原卷版+解析版),文件包含专题10阅读理解-三年2019-2021高考真题汇编原卷版doc、专题10阅读理解-三年2019-2021高考真题汇编解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共196页, 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题09 七选五-十年(2012-2021)(原卷版+解析版): 这是一份高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题09 七选五-十年(2012-2021)(原卷版+解析版),文件包含专题09七选五-十年2012-2021高考英语真题汇编原卷版doc、专题09七选五-十年2012-2021高考英语真题汇编解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源,其中试卷共94页, 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题07 长难句02:高考真题长难句: 这是一份高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题07 长难句02:高考真题长难句,共72页。试卷主要包含了trained 2,demanding 11,audience,instrument n,cncert n,entire adj等内容,欢迎下载使用。