资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩19页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题02 主旨题 （原卷版+解析版 ）
展开
这是一份高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题02 主旨题 （原卷版+解析版 ），文件包含专题02主旨题原卷版doc、专题02主旨题解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共46页， 欢迎下载使用。
\l _Tc32738 Part1 技巧导图 PAGEREF _Tc32738 \h 1
\l _Tc24739 Part2 知识详解 PAGEREF _Tc24739 \h 1
\l _Tc9682 Part3 解题训练 PAGEREF _Tc9682 \h 3
Part1 技巧导图
Part2 知识详解
知识点1：中心主旨题概述
中心主旨题主要是考查考生对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的主要写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。
知识点2：中心主旨题命题形式
1.概括中心思想型（main idea）：
Which f the fllwing is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?
2.标题或主题型（tpic / title / headline）：
What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
3.写作目的型（main purpse）：
What is the authr's purpse in writing this passage?
知识点3：中心主旨题干扰项特点
1. 主题变大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围变大，超过文章实际所提及的内容。
2. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设计内容，或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3. 以偏概全。干扰项只表述了文章的部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
4. 无中生有，似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
5. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
知识点4：中心主旨题解题方法
1.主题句全文定位法
2.高频词法（几乎每段均出现过一次或几次的词为高频词，中心主旨必须含有较多高频词）
3.选项综合分析法（深层、概括、积极、有意义）
中心主旨题解题注意事项：
1.文章中心主旨不完全等同于文章标题。文章的中心主旨较为详细地陈述文章的内容，而文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明。文章的标题是文章中心思想的最精炼的表达形式。
2.注意提示信息：
A.重要关联词（But/hwever/in fact/abve all/s/fr example）
B.强调句（It is ... that...）
C.某些特殊符号（：或―...）
D.一些宾语从句（shw that/cnclude that...）
优先依据文章中的中心句解中心主旨题。
Part3 解题训练
例题1
【高考真题】
The 65-year-ld Steve Gdwin was fund suffering frm early Alzheimer’s（阿尔楚海默症）. He was lsing his memry.
A sftware engineer by prfessin, Steve was a keen lver f the pian, and the nly musician in his family. Music was his true passin, thugh he had never perfrmed utside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it mre than wrthwhile t save his music, t which she fell asleep catch night when she was yung. She thught abut hiring a prfessinal pianist t wrk with her father.
Nami, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, gt t knw abut this and shwed willingness t help.
“Why d this?” Steve wndered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve ndded, tears in eye.
Nami drve t the Gdwin hme. She tld Steve she’d lve t hear him play. Steve mved t the pian and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers n the keys.
Nami put a small recrder near the pian, Starts and stps and mistakes. Lng pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed n, playing fr the first time in his life fr a stranger.
“It was beautiful." Nami said after listening t the recrding. “The music was wrth saving.”
Her respnsibility, her privilege, wuld be t rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Gdwin. It was bidden in rms with drs abut t be lcked.
Nami and Steve met every ther week and spent hurs tgether. He’d mve his fingers clumsily n the pian, and then she’d take his place. He struggled t explain what he heard in his head. He std by the pian, eyes clsed, listening fr the first time t his wn wrk being played by smene else.
Steve and Nami spke in musical cde lines, beats, intervals, mving frm the rt t end a sng in a new key. Steve heard it. All f it. He just culdn’t play it.
Wrking with Nami did wnders fr Steve. It had excited within him the belief he culd write ne last sng. One day, Nami received an email. Attached was a recrding, a recrding f lss and lve, f the fight. Steve called it “Melanchly Flwer”.
Nami heard multiple stps and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Jni called him “hney” and encuraged him. The task was s hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Jni praised him, telling her husband this culd be his signature piece.
Nami managed t figure ut 16 f Steve’s favrite, and mst persnal sngs. With Nami’s help, the Gdwin family fund a sund engineer t recrd Nami playing Steve’s sngs. Jni thught that wuld be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the mnths leading up t the 2016 Oregn Repertry Singers Christmas cncert, Nami tld the directr she had a special ne in mind: “Melanchly Flwer”
She tld the directr abut her prject with Steve. The directr agreed t add it t the playing list. But Nami wuld have t ask Steve’s permissin. He cnsidered it an hnr.
After the cncert, Nami tld the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and prfessinal. It needed t be shared in public.
The family rented a frmer church in dwntwn Prtland and scheduled a cncert. By the day f the shw, mre than 300 peple had said they wuld attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names f sme f his friends. He knew the path his life was nw taking. He tld his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the frnt rw, surrunded by his family. The huse lights faded. Nami tk the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
22. What can be a suitable title fr the passage?
A. The Kindness f Friends B. The Pwer f Music
C. The Making f a Musician D. The Value f Determinatin
【答案】B
【解析】B主旨大意题。本文主要是讲女儿帮父亲保持音乐方面的才华，对抗遗忘的感人故事。
例题2
【高考真题】
Gd Mrning Britain's Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle — shwing families hw t prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.
In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day. And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she's been able t put a lt f what she's leant int practice in her wn hme, preparing meals fr sns, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We lve Mexican churrs, s I buy them n my phne frm my lcal Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 fr a prtin(一份), but Matt makes them fr 26p a prtin, because they are flur, water, sugar and il. Everybdy can buy takeaway fd, but smetimes we're nt aware hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Mney: Gd Fd, fllws in the ftsteps f ITV's Save Mney: Gd Health, which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.
With fd ur biggest weekly husehld expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tnight's Easter special they cme t the aid f a family in need f sme delicius inspiratin n a budget. The team transfrms the family's lng weekend f celebratin with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yurself a Perfect Chef D. Cking Well fr Less
【答案】 D
【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜； hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱； hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜； less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知D正确。
例题3
【高考真题】
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when Gerge Ry Hill, the directr f Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, intrduced us in New Yrk City. When the studi didn't want me fr the film— it wanted smebdy as well knwn as Paul— he std up fr me. I dn't knw hw many peple wuld have dne that; they wuld have listened t their agents r the studi pwers.
The friendship that grew ut f the experience f making that film and The Sting fur years later had its rt in the fact that althugh there was an age difference, we bth came frm a traditin f theater and live TV. We were respectful f craft（技艺）and fcused n digging int the characters we were ging t play. Bth f us had the qualities and virtues that are typical f American actrs: humrus, aggressive, and making fun f each ther— but always with an underlying affectin. Thse were als at the cre （核心）f ur relatinship ff the screen.
We shared the brief that if yu're frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back— he with his Newman's Own fd and his Hle in the Wall camps fr kids wh are seriusly ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each ther all that regularly, but sharing that brught us tgether. We supprted each ther financially and by shwing up at events.
I last saw him a few mnths ag. He'd been in and ut f the hspital. He and I bth knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk abut it. Ours was a relatinship that didn't need a lt f wrds.
27.What is the authr's purpse in writing the test?
A.T shw his lve f films.
B.T remember a friend.
C.T intrduce a new mvie.
D.T share his acting experience.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据I last saw him a few mnths ag. He'd been in and ut f the hspital. He and I bth knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk abut it.可知Paul已经去世了，再结合前文I first met Paul Newman in 1968,可推断作者非常怀念这位朋友。故选B。
例题4
【高考真题】
TerrafugiaInc .said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight,bringing the cmpany clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transitin – has tw seats wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car.The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the flies using a 23-galln tank f gas and bums 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.
Arund 100 peple have already put dwn a $10,000 depsit t get a Transitin when they g n sale, and thse numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia intrduces the Transitin t the public later this week at the New Yrk Aut Shw. But dn't expect it t shw up in t many driveways. It's expected t cst $279,000.And it wn't help if yu're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventrs have been trying t make flying cars since the 1930s, accrding t Rbert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has cme clser than anyne t making the flying car a reality. The gvernment has already permitted the cmpany t use special materials t make it easier fr the vehicle t fly. The Transitin is nw ging thrugh crash tests t make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviatin Administratin's decisin five years ag t create a separate set f standards fr light sprt aircraft, which are lwer than thse fr pilts f larger planes. Terrafugia says an wner wuld need t pass a test and cmplete 20 hurs f flying time t be able t fly the Transitin,a requirement pilts wuld find relatively easy t meet.
28. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The basic data f the Transitin. B. The advantages f flying cars.
C. The ptential market fr flying cars. C. The designers f the Transitin.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“The vehicle-named the Transitin – has tw seats wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car. The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the flies using a 23-galln tank f gas and bums 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.”可知，本段主要是对Transitin的构架进行了介绍。故选A。
31. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Flying Car at Aut Shw B. The Transitin's Fist Flight
C.Pilts'Dream Cming True D. Flying Car Clser t Reality
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。浏览全文，主要从飞车的试飞成功、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的设想至今成为现实展开论述。根据“TerrafugiaInc .said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight,”飞车试飞成功，“But Mann thinks Terrafugia has cme clser than anyne t making the flying car a reality.”Mann认为Terrafugia研制出的飞车比任何人都更接近现实。故选D。
例题5
【高考真题】
After years f heated debate, gray wlves were reintrduced t Yellwstne Natinal Park. Furteen wlves were caught in Canada and transprted t the park. By last year, the Yellwstne wlf ppulatin had grwn t mre than 170 wlves.
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.
The disappearance f the wlves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk ppulatins — majr fd surces (来源) fr the wlf – grew rapidly. These animals cnsumed large amunts f vegetatin (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence f wlves, cyte ppulatins als grew quickly. The cytes killed a large percentage f the park' s red fxes, and cmpletely drve away the park' s beavers.
As early as 1966,bilgists asked the gvernment t cnsider reintrducing wlves t Yellwstne Park. They hped that wlves wuld be able t cntrl the elk and cyte prblems. Many farmers ppsed the plan because they feared that wlves wuld kill their farm animals r pets.
The gvernment spent nearly 30 years cming up with a plan t reintrduce the wlvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully mnitrs and manages the wlf packs in Yellwstne. Tday, the debate cntinues ver hw well the gray wlf is fitting in at Yellwstne. Elk, deer, and cyte ppulatins are dwn, while beavers and red fxes have made a cmeback. The Yellwstne wlf prject has been a valuable experiment t help bilgists decide whether t reintrduce wlves t ther parts f the cuntry as well.
28. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Wildlife research in the United States.
B. Plant diversity in the Yellwstne area.
C. The cnflict between farmers and gray wlves.
D. The reintrductin f wlves t Yellwstne Park.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。文章开门见山提出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，然后在下文中详细介绍其原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文的中心话题是美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。
例题6
【高考真题】
The Intelligent Transprt team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car int a mbile labratry named “DriveLAB” in rder t understand the challenges faced by lder drivers and t discver where the key stress pints are.
Research shws that giving up driving is ne f the key reasns fr a fall in health and well-being amng lder peple, leading t them becming mre islated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Prfessr Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are develping in-vehicle technlgies fr lder drivers which they hpe culd help them t cntinue driving int later life.
These include custm-made navigatin(导航) tls, night visin systems and intelligent speed adaptatins. Phil Blythe explains: “Fr many lder peple, particularly thse living alne r in the cuntry, driving is imprtant fr preserving their independence, giving them the freedm t get ut and abut withut having t rely n thers.”
“But we all have t accept that as we get lder ur reactins slw dwn and this ften results in peple aviding any ptentially challenging driving cnditins and lsing cnfidence in their driving skills. The result is that peple stp driving befre they really need t.”
Dr Amy Gu, the leading researcher n the lder driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us t understand what the key pints and difficulties are fr lder drivers and hw we might use technlgy t address these prblems.
“Fr example, mst f us wuld expect lder drivers always g slwer than everyne else but surprisingly, we fund that in 30mph znes they struggled t keep at a cnstant speed and s were mre likely t break the speed limit and be at risk f getting fined. We're lking at the benefits f systems which cntrl their speed as a way f preventing that.
“We hpe that ur wrk will help with technlgical slutins(解决方案) t ensure that lder drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
35.What is the best title fr the text?
A.A new Mdel Electric Car
B.A Slutin t Traffic Prblem
C. Driving Service fr elders
D. Keeping Older Drivers n the Rad
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款 “DriveLAB”来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时候遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。
课堂运用：
基础
【高考真题】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Luie cunter by herself, quietly reading her e-bk as she waits fr her salad. What is she reading? Nne f yur business! Lunch is Bechtel’s "me" time. And like mre Americans, she’s nt alne.
A new reprt fund 46 percent f meals are eaten alne in America. Mre than half（53 percent）have breakfast alne and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating tgether anymre, 74 percent, accrding t statistics frm the reprt.
"I prefer t g ut and be ut. Alne, but tgether, yu knw?" Bechtel said, lking up frm her bk. Bechtel, wh wrks in dwntwn West Palm Beach, has lunch with cwrkers smetimes, but like many f us, t ften wrks thrugh lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allws her t keep a bss frm tapping her n the shulder. She returns t wrk feeling energized. "Tday, I just wanted sme time t myself," she said.
Just tw seats ver, Andrew Mazleny, a lcal videgrapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phne in peace r chat up the barkeeper with whm he's n a first-name basis if he wants t have a little interactin（交流）. "I reflect n hw my day's gne and think abut the rest f the week," he said. "It's a chance fr self-reflectin, Yu return t wrk recharged and with a plan."
That freedm t chse is ne reasn mre peple like t eat alne. There was a time when peple may have felt awkward abut asking fr a table fr ne, but thse days are ver. Nw, we have ur smartphnes t keep us cmpany at the table. "It desn't feel as alne as it may have befre all the advances in technlgy," said Laurie Demeritt, whse cmpany prvided the statistics fr the reprt.
8. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The trend f having meals alne.B. The imprtance f self-reflectin.
C. The stress frm wrking vertime.D. The advantage f wireless technlgy.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。通过对全文的理解，文章主要讲述了独自就餐的趋势，故答案为A。
【高考真题】
Benjamin West, the father f American painting, shwed his talent fr art when he was nly six years f age. But he did nt knw abut brushes befre a visitr tld him he needed ne. In thse days , a brush was made frm camel's hair. There were n camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair wuld wrk instead. He cut sme fur frm the family cat t make a brush.
The brush did nt last lng. Sn Benjamin needed mre fur. Befre lng, the cat began t lk ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was frced t admit what he had been ding.
The cat's lt was abut t imprve. That year, ne f Benjamin's cusins, Mr. Penningtn, came t visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went hme, he sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes. He als sent six engravings（版画）by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years ld, Mr. Penningtn returned fr anther visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had dne with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the by t Philadelphia fr a visit.
In the city, Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings. The by began a landscape (风景) painting. Williams, a well-knwn painter, came t see him wrk. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him tw classic bks n painting t take hme .The bks were lng and dull. Benjamin culd read nly a little, having been a pr student. But he later said,” Thse tw bks were my cmpanins by day, and under my pillw at night.” While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist.
21. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Benjamin's visit t Philadelphia.
B. Williams' influence n Benjamin.
C. The beginning f Benjamin's life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Penningtn.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。故选C。
【高考真题】
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
【答案】 A
【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawsn这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawsn这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。
巩固
【高考真题】
Teens and yunger children are reading a lt less fr fun, accrding t a Cmmn Sense Media reprt published Mnday.
While the decline ver the past decade is steep fr teen readers, sme data in the reprt shws that reading remains a big part f many children's lives, and indicates hw parents might help encurage mre reading.
Accrding t the reprt's key findings, “the prprtin (比例) wh say they ‘hardly ever' read fr fun has gne frm 8 percent f 13-year-lds and 9 percent f 17-year-lds in 1984 t 22 percent and 27 percent respectively tday.”
The reprt data shws that pleasure reading levels fr yunger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amunt f time spent in reading each sessin has declined, frm clser t an hur r mre t clser t a half hur per sessin.
When it cmes t technlgy and reading, the reprt des little t cunsel(建议) parents lking fr data abut the effect f e-readers and tablets n reading. It des pint ut that many parents still limit electrnic reading, mainly due t cncerns abut increased screen time.
The mst hpeful data shared in the reprt shws clear evidence f parents serving as examples and imprtant guides fr their kids when it cmes t reading. Data shws that kids and teens wh d read frequently, cmpared t infrequent readers, have mre bks in the hme, mre bks purchased fr them, parents wh read mre ften, and parents wh set aside time fr them t read.
As the end f schl appraches, and schl vacatin reading lists lm(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance t step in and make their wn summer reading list and plan a family trip t the library r bkstre.
28. What is the Cmmn Sense Media reprt prbably abut?
A. Children's reading habits.
B. Quality f children's bks.
C. Children's after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relatinships.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。
【高考真题】
We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smart phnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
What's the prblem? It's pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It's mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because it's awkward and challenging, r we think it's annying and unnecessary. But the next time yu find yurself amng strangers, cnsider that small talk is wrth the truble. Experts say it's an invaluable scial practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimprtant is easy, but we can't frget that deep relatinships wuldn't even exist if it weren't fr casual cnversatin. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) fr scial cmmunicatin, says Bernard Carducci, directr f the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Sutheast. “Almst every great lve stry and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, assciate prfessr f psychlgy at UBC, invited peple n their way int a cffee shp. One grup was asked t seek ut an interactin(互动) with its waiter; the ther, t speak nly when necessary. The results shwed that thse wh chatted with their server reprted significantly higher psitive feelings and a better cffee shp experience. “It's nt that talking t the waiter is better than talking t yur husband,” says Dunn. “But interactins with peripheral(边缘的) members f ur scial netwrk matter fr ur well-being als.”
Dunn believes that peple wh reach ut t strangers feel a significantly greater sense f belnging, a bnd with thers. Carducci believes develping such a sense f belnging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis f gd manners,” he says.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cnversatin Cunts B. Ways f Making Small Talk
C. Benefits f Small Talk D. Uncmfrtable Silence
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。
拔高
6.【高考真题】
Measles(麻疹), which nce killed 450 children each year and disabled even mre, was nearly wiped ut in the United States 14 years ag by the universal use f the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a cmeback, caused by a grwing anti-vaccine mvement and misinfrmatin that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reprted in the USA, cmpared with 189 fr all f last year.
The numbers might sund small, but they are the leading edge f a dangerus trend. When vaccinatin rates are very high, as they still are in the natin as a whle, everyne is prtected. This is called “herd immunity”, which prtects the peple wh get hurt easily, including thse wh can't be vaccinated fr medical reasns, babies t yung t get vaccinated and peple n whm the vaccine desn't wrk.
But herd immunity wrks nly when nearly the whle herd jins in. When sme refuse vaccinatin and seek a free ride, immunity breaks dwn and everyne is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighbrhds arund the cuntry frm Orange Cunty, Califrnia, where 22 measles cases were reprted this mnth, t Brklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-ld caused an utbreak last year.
The resistance t vaccine has cntinued fr decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Thse wh refuse t take that risk selfishly make thers suffer.
Making things wrse are state laws that make it t easy t pt ut(决定不参加) f what are suppsed t be required vaccines fr all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allw parents t get an exemptin（豁免), smetimes just by signing a paper saying they persnally bject t a vaccine.
Nw, several states are mving t tighten laws by adding new regulatins fr pting ut. But n ne des enugh t limit exemptins.
Parents ught t be able t pt ut nly fr limited medical r religius reasns. But persnal pinins? Nt gd enugh. Everyne enjys the life-saving benefits vaccines prvide, but they'll exist nly as lng as everyne shares in the risks.
66. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T intrduce the idea f exemptin.
B. T discuss methds t cure measles.
C. T stress the imprtance f vaccinatin.
D. T appeal fr equal rights in medical treatment.
【答案】C
【解析】.态度意图题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。
课堂小结
本节课主要围绕中心主旨题进行讲解，即：中心主旨题的特点、中心主旨题解题方法与技巧、中心主旨题解题注意事项。需要重点掌握的是中心主旨题解题方法。
在英语阅读理解题中，中心主旨题占有重要地位，几乎每篇均会涉及中心主旨题。因此，同学在平时阅读训练时要通过训练熟练掌握中心主旨题解题方法，尤其是中心句捕捉法。最终能快速准确把握文章中心主旨。
拓展延伸
基础
1.
We can achieve knwledge either actively r passively（被动地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and prving an idea, r by reasning.
We achieve knwledge passively by being tld by smene else. Mst f the learning that takes place in the classrm and the kind that happens when we watch TV r read newspapers r magazines is passive. Cnditined as we are t passive learning, it's nt surprising that we depend n it in ur everyday cmmunicatin with friends and c-wrkers.
Unfrtunately, passive learning has a serius prblem. It makes us tend t accept what we are tld even when it is little mre than hearsay and rumr(谣言).
Did yu ever play the game Rumr? It begins when ne persn writes dwn a message but desn't shw it t anyne. Then the persn whispers it, wrd fr wrd, t anther persn. That persn, in turn, whispers it t still anther, and s n, thrugh all the peple playing the game. The last persn writes dwn the message wrd fr wrd as he r she hears it. Then the tw written statements are cmpared. Typically, the riginal message has changed.
That's what happens in daily life. The simple fact that peple repeat a stry in their wn wrds changes the stry. Yet thse wh hear it think they knw.
This prcess is als fund amng schlars and authrs: A statement f pinin by ne writer may be re-stated as fact by anther, wh may in turn be quted by yet anther; and this prcess may cntinue, unless it ccurs t smene t questin the facts n which the riginal writer based his pinin r t challenge the interpretatin he placed upn thse facts.
3. The authr mentins the game Rumr t shw that _____.
A. a message may be changed when being passed n
B. a message shuld be delivered in different ways
C. peple may have prblems with their sense f hearing
D. peple tend nt t believe in what they knw as rumr
【答案】 A
【解析】考查中心主旨题。根据第四段中最后一句“Typically, the riginal message has changed.”可知。
2.
I am a writer. I spend a great deal f my time thinking abut the pwer f language—the way it can evke（唤起） an emtin, a visual image, a cmplex idea, r a simple truth. Language is the tl f my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.
Brn int a Chinese family that had recently arrived in Califrnia, I've been giving mre thught t the kind f English my mther speaks. Like thers, I have described it t peple as “brken” English. But feel embarrassed t say that. It has always bthered me that I can think f n way t describe it ther than “brken”, as if it were damaged and needed t be fixed, as if it lacked a certain whleness. I've heard ther terms used, “limited English,” fr example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including peple's perceptins（认识）f the limited English speaker.
I knw this fr a fact, because when I was grwing up, my mther's “limited” English limited my perceptin f her. I was ashamed f her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality f what she had t say. That is ,because she expressed them imperfectly her thughts were imperfect. And I had plenty f evidence t supprt me: the fact that peple in department stres, at banks, and at restaurants did nt take her seriusly, did nt give her gd service, pretended nt t understand her, r even acted as if they did nt hear her.
I started writing fictin in 1985. And fr reasns I wn't get int tday, I began t write stries using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which fr lack f a better term might be described as “brken”, and what I imagine t be her translatin f her Chinese, her internal（内在的） language, and fr that I sught t preserve the essence, but neither an English nr a Chinese structure: I wanted t catch what language ability tests can never shw; her intentin, her feelings, the rhythms f her speech and the nature f her thughts.
1. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The changes f the authr's attitude t her mther's English.
B. The limitatin f the authr's perceptin f her mther.
C. The authr's misunderstanding f “limited” English.
D. The authr's experiences f using brken English.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。该文为故事传记文。通过文章最后一段，无法准确捕捉到文章的主旨大意。采用高频词法，整篇文章可捕捉到三个高频词，即“the authr”，“mther”与“English”。故可知答案为A。
巩固
3.
Next time a custmer cmes t yur ffice, ffer him a cup f cffee. And when yu're ding yur hliday shpping nline, make sure yu're hlding a large glass f iced tea. The physical sensatin（感觉）f warmth encurages emtinal warmth, while a cld drink in hand prevents yu frm making unwise decisins—thse are the practical lessn being drawn frm recent research by psychlgist Jhn A. Bargh.
Psychlgists have knwn that ne persn's perceptin（感知）f anther's “warmth” is a pwerful determiner in scial relatinships. Judging smene t be either “warm” r “cld” is a primary cnsideratin, even trumping evidence that a “cld” persn may be mre capable. Much f this is rted in very early childhd experiences, Bargh argues, when babies' cnceptual sense f the wrld arund them is shaped by physical sensatins, particularly warmth and cldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlw, published in 1958, shwed mnkeys preferred t stay clse t a clth “mther” rather than ne made f wire, even when the wire “mther” carried a fd bttle. Harlw's wrk and later studies have led psychlgists t stress the need fr warm physical cntact frm caregivers t help yung children grw int healthy adults with nrmal scial skills.
Feelings f “warmth” and “cldness” in scial judgments appear t be universal. Althugh n wrldwide study has been dne, Bargh says that describing peple as “warm” r “cld” is cmmn t many cultures, and studies have fund thse perceptins influence judgment in dzens f cuntries.
T test the relatinship between physical and psychlgical warmth, Bargh cnducted an experiment which invlved 41 cllege students. A research assistant wh was unaware f the study's hyptheses（假设）, handed the students either a ht cup f cffee, r a cld drink, t hld while the researcher filled ut a shrt infrmatin frm: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked t rate the persnality f “Persn A” based n a particular descriptin. Thse wh had briefly held the warm drink regarded Persn A as warmer than thse wh had held the iced drink.
“We are grunded in ur physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
1. Accrding t Paragraph 1, a persn's emtin may be affected by________ .
A. the visitrs t his ffice
B. the psychlgy lessns he has
C. his physical feeling f cldness
D. the things he has bught nline
【答案】C
【解析】考查中心主旨题。根据第一段第三句“The physical sensatin（感觉）f warmth encurages emtinal warmth, while a cld drink in hand prevents yu frm making unwise decisins”可知。
2. The authr mentins Harlw's experiment t shw that ________.
A. adults shuld develp scial skills
B. babies need warm physical cntact
C. caregivers shuld be healthy adults
D. mnkeys have scial relatinships
【答案】B
【解析】考查中心主旨题。文章主旨为第一段“The physical sensatin（感觉）f warmth encurages emtinal warmth”，根据这一中心，选B。
5. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Drinking fr Better Scial Relatinships.
B. Experiments f Persnality Evaluatin.
C. Develping Better Drinking Habits.
D. Physical Sensatins and Emtins.
【答案】D
【解析】考查中心主旨题。文章主旨为第一段“The physical sensatin（感觉）f warmth encurages emtinal warmth”，根据这一中心，选D。
4.
Whenever the wrd “her” cmes t me, I immediately think f three Hs: hnrable, hardwrking, and happy. When I think mre abut this wrd, I picture smene wh has accmplished gd things fr peple and tries t d the right thing. Hattie Elizabeth Alexander is ne persn whm I find t be very heric.
Hattie was brn in Baltimre, Maryland n April 5, 1901.During her time at Cllege she earned her Bachelr's Degree in Bacterilgy and Physilgy. These were just the first steps twards what she was finally ging t be remembered fr. After cllege Hattie attended the Jhns Hpkins Schl f Medicine and received her medical degree.
After her educatin, she pursued her career, and after much time and hard wrk, she drastically reduced the number f infants (幼儿) dying frm meningitis (脑膜炎)．Hattie was very dedicated t her wrk and helped at as many lcatins as she culd. Spending substantial (大量的) time in the labratry, Hattie successfully develped a cure against the disease, which decreased the death rate t 20 per cent. At the same time, she was als a teacher wrking with Clumbia University.
She was a caring lady interested in ther peple's lives. When she was teaching at Clumbia University, ther members wuld talk t her abut students that were failing their classes, and smehw Hattie culd always find cnvincing reasns as t why they shuld nt be driven away. Later, Hattie became an instructr in Pediatrics at New Yrk City's Babies Hspital. After many hnrs, she became the first wman president f the American Pediatric Sciety in 1965.This was her last majr achievement, fr sn after, Hattie died f cancer n June 24, 1968.
Hattie is my her because her psitive attitude and strength helped her accmplish great things fr thers. She gave them her strength by develping medicines against diseases, which, by ding s, made them strnger. This is what makes Hattie Elizabeth Alexander my her.
4. Which f the fllwing wuld be the mst prper title fr the text?
A．An hnurable wman
B．A wman accmplishing great things
C．My her—Hattie Elizabeth Alexander
D．The first wman president f the APS
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Whenever the wrd ‘her' cmes t me, I immediately think f three Hs: hnurable, hardwrking, and happy.”和最后一段第一句“Hattie is my her because her psitive attitude and strength helped her accmplish great things fr thers.”可知C项“My her—Hattie Elizabeth Alexander”为最佳标题。
5.
“Hw d yu explain the fact that even thugh yu were bth blind and deaf, yu were able t accmplish s much？” Queen Victria f England asked Helen Keller.
MSN Keller answered, “If it had nt been fr Anne Sullivan, the name f Helen Keller wuld have remained unknwn.”
In fact, “Little Annie”， as she was called when she was yung, was n stranger t hardship. She was almst sightless herself (due t a childhd fever) and was, at ne time, diagnsed as hpelessly “insane” and was lcked in the basement f a mental institutin. On ccasin, Little Annie wuld even vilently attack anyne wh came near.
An elderly nurse believed there was hpe, hwever, and she made it her missin t shw lve t the child. She still cntinued t visit fr she believed Little Annie culd recver, if she was shwn lve.
Eventually, dctrs nticed a change in the girl. Where they witnessed anger and cldness they nted gentleness and lve. They mved her upstairs where she cntinued t imprve. Then the day finally came when this seemingly “hpeless” child was released.
Anne Sullivan grew int a yung wman with a desire t help thers as she, herself, was helped by the kind nurse. It was she wh saw the great ptential in Helen Keller. She lved her, disciplined her，played with her and wrked with her until the weak candle became a beacn f light t the wrld. She wrked wnders in Helen's life; but it was a lving nurse wh first believed in Little Annie and lvingly transfrmed an uncmmunicative child int a cmpassinate teacher.
“If it had nt been fr Anne Sullivan, the name f Helen Keller wuld have remained unknwn.” But if it had nt been fr a kind and dedicated nurse, the name f Anne Sullivan wuld have remained unknwn. And s it ges. And hw far frward will it lead?
4. Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text?
A. A caring nurse
B. Chain f lve
C. Withut respect, withut success
D. Gd helps thse wh help themselves
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述了Anne Sullivan的转变历程。在此期间，爱和关怀从年长护士开始得以传递，在文章最后一段，作者希望爱将一直延续先去，由此可知B项概括了全文。
拔高
6.
A cuple f years ag I graduated frm art schl. After graduatin I was unsure f what t d with my degree. I had majred in Illustratin (插图) and lved it, but didn't really feel interested in ding illustratins fr any cmpanies. This left me with few ptins ther than freelance (自由职业的)jbs and nannying (保姆工作)．
I spent tw years wrking as a nanny ding freelance illustratin n the side. It just wasn't quite enugh t pay rent, but I lved it, s I wrked well ver 50 hurs a week, trying t keep up with bth.
Just under a year ag I went t a friend's wedding. I culdn't think f a gift fr them and really didn't have a lt f mney t spare s I used my talents t create a prtrait fr them. It wasn't much, and I hped it wuld be a gd gift. When I handed the prtrait t them and they unwrapped it, the lks n their faces were smething I did nt expect. There were jyful tears in their eyes as they cried, “That's us! This is s beautiful！”
It's funny because when I was in art schl prtraits were always my least favrite assignment. I hated drawing peple and was always s much mre interested in drawing little furry creatures. Once I saw the lks n my friends' faces after giving them their prtrait it was all ver. I suddenly lved prtraits and wanted t d mre.
I nw take prtraits t every wedding I g t and have given them as gifts t the families I nannied fr. Every time the reactin makes all f the hard wrk and time I put int them s wrth it.
I've just started ffering cuple, family and pet prtraits as an item n my Etsy shp.
4. What may be the best title f the passage?
A. Yur majr is yur future career
B. I gave a gift and it turned int a career
C. I sacrificed a lt fr my jb
D. Yu are t d what yu desire t d
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后两段可知作者送给朋友一份礼物，结果却成了自己的一份事业。故选B。
7.
In a shcking upset, 70yearld Republican candidate Dnald Trump rde a wave t victry as vters elected him the 5th President f the United States.
Actually，a lt f experts had predicted that Demcratic candidate Hillary Clintn wuld cme ut n tp. Thrughut the campaign，ne f Trump's main challenges was t persuade vters that he has the attitude，knwledge and judgment t be president. In the end，he was able t attract mre than enugh vters t his side.
Hillary Clintn admitted the electin t Trump in a phne call at arund 2：30 am.“ Hillary has wrked very lng and very hard ver a lng perid f time，”Trump tld his supprters during his victry speech. “We we her a majr debt f gratitude fr her service t ur cuntry.”
Hillary Clintn delivered her speech later in the day.“ We must accept this result and then lk t the future，”she tld her disappinted supprters.“ Dnald Trump is ging t be ur president. We we him an pen mind and the chance t lead.”
Trump's rise t the presidency cmes after a lng career as a realestate develper. He built skyscrapers，resrts and glf curses. He als risked ther businesses, including Trump Steaks，Trump Natural Spring Water，and an airline called Trump Shuttle. In 2004, he became a TV star with the reality shw The Apprentice.
Nw Trump and his team will have t face many difficult things. They'll have t wrk t bring the cuntry tgether after a divisive campaign that upset millins f Americans. Thrughut the cuntry，millins f Americans are ut f wrk and struggling t make ends meet. The new president must als address internatinal issues. They include the war n terrrism and the refugee crisis. Still, Trump says he sees a bright future ahead.“Every single American will have the pprtunity t realize his r her fullest ptential，”he tld his supprters.
4. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. The prblems with America.
B. The challenges Trump will face.
C. Trump's ideas abut his future wrk.
D. The decisins Trump will have t make.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意题。根据倒数第一段中的Nw Trump and his team will have t face many difficult things.及段落陈述可知，本段主要介绍特朗普将要面临的各种挑战。故选B。
应用信息
开头
100%
结尾
10%
故事传记
开头
10%
结尾
100%
议论说明（结论）
开头
100%
结尾
10%
议论说明（活动）
开头
100%
结尾
10%
议论说明（现象）
开头
100%
结尾
10%
议论说明（道理）
开头
90%
结尾
10%
\l _Tc32738 Part1 技巧导图 PAGEREF _Tc32738 \h 1
\l _Tc24739 Part2 知识详解 PAGEREF _Tc24739 \h 1
\l _Tc9682 Part3 解题训练 PAGEREF _Tc9682 \h 3
Part1 技巧导图
Part2 知识详解
知识点1：中心主旨题概述
中心主旨题主要是考查考生对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的主要写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。
知识点2：中心主旨题命题形式
1.概括中心思想型（main idea）：
Which f the fllwing is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?
2.标题或主题型（tpic / title / headline）：
What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
3.写作目的型（main purpse）：
What is the authr's purpse in writing this passage?
知识点3：中心主旨题干扰项特点
1. 主题变大。干扰项所归纳、概括的范围变大，超过文章实际所提及的内容。
2. 断章取义。干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设计内容，或者以次要的事实或细节充当全文的主要观点。
3. 以偏概全。干扰项只表述了文章的部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
4. 无中生有，似是而非。有的干扰项中的关键词语好似在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
5. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。
知识点4：中心主旨题解题方法
1.主题句全文定位法
2.高频词法（几乎每段均出现过一次或几次的词为高频词，中心主旨必须含有较多高频词）
3.选项综合分析法（深层、概括、积极、有意义）
中心主旨题解题注意事项：
1.文章中心主旨不完全等同于文章标题。文章的中心主旨较为详细地陈述文章的内容，而文章的标题则通常情况下较为简明。文章的标题是文章中心思想的最精炼的表达形式。
2.注意提示信息：
A.重要关联词（But/hwever/in fact/abve all/s/fr example）
B.强调句（It is ... that...）
C.某些特殊符号（：或―...）
D.一些宾语从句（shw that/cnclude that...）
优先依据文章中的中心句解中心主旨题。
Part3 解题训练
例题1
【高考真题】
The 65-year-ld Steve Gdwin was fund suffering frm early Alzheimer’s（阿尔楚海默症）. He was lsing his memry.
A sftware engineer by prfessin, Steve was a keen lver f the pian, and the nly musician in his family. Music was his true passin, thugh he had never perfrmed utside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it mre than wrthwhile t save his music, t which she fell asleep catch night when she was yung. She thught abut hiring a prfessinal pianist t wrk with her father.
Nami, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, gt t knw abut this and shwed willingness t help.
“Why d this?” Steve wndered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve ndded, tears in eye.
Nami drve t the Gdwin hme. She tld Steve she’d lve t hear him play. Steve mved t the pian and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers n the keys.
Nami put a small recrder near the pian, Starts and stps and mistakes. Lng pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed n, playing fr the first time in his life fr a stranger.
“It was beautiful." Nami said after listening t the recrding. “The music was wrth saving.”
Her respnsibility, her privilege, wuld be t rescue it. The music was sill in Steve Gdwin. It was bidden in rms with drs abut t be lcked.
Nami and Steve met every ther week and spent hurs tgether. He’d mve his fingers clumsily n the pian, and then she’d take his place. He struggled t explain what he heard in his head. He std by the pian, eyes clsed, listening fr the first time t his wn wrk being played by smene else.
Steve and Nami spke in musical cde lines, beats, intervals, mving frm the rt t end a sng in a new key. Steve heard it. All f it. He just culdn’t play it.
Wrking with Nami did wnders fr Steve. It had excited within him the belief he culd write ne last sng. One day, Nami received an email. Attached was a recrding, a recrding f lss and lve, f the fight. Steve called it “Melanchly Flwer”.
Nami heard multiple stps and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Jni called him “hney” and encuraged him. The task was s hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Jni praised him, telling her husband this culd be his signature piece.
Nami managed t figure ut 16 f Steve’s favrite, and mst persnal sngs. With Nami’s help, the Gdwin family fund a sund engineer t recrd Nami playing Steve’s sngs. Jni thught that wuld be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the mnths leading up t the 2016 Oregn Repertry Singers Christmas cncert, Nami tld the directr she had a special ne in mind: “Melanchly Flwer”
She tld the directr abut her prject with Steve. The directr agreed t add it t the playing list. But Nami wuld have t ask Steve’s permissin. He cnsidered it an hnr.
After the cncert, Nami tld the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and prfessinal. It needed t be shared in public.
The family rented a frmer church in dwntwn Prtland and scheduled a cncert. By the day f the shw, mre than 300 peple had said they wuld attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names f sme f his friends. He knew the path his life was nw taking. He tld his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the frnt rw, surrunded by his family. The huse lights faded. Nami tk the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
22. What can be a suitable title fr the passage?
A. The Kindness f Friends B. The Pwer f Music
C. The Making f a Musician D. The Value f Determinatin
【答案】B
【解析】B主旨大意题。本文主要是讲女儿帮父亲保持音乐方面的才华，对抗遗忘的感人故事。
例题2
【高考真题】
Gd Mrning Britain's Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle — shwing families hw t prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.
In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day. And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she's been able t put a lt f what she's leant int practice in her wn hme, preparing meals fr sns, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We lve Mexican churrs, s I buy them n my phne frm my lcal Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 fr a prtin(一份), but Matt makes them fr 26p a prtin, because they are flur, water, sugar and il. Everybdy can buy takeaway fd, but smetimes we're nt aware hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Mney: Gd Fd, fllws in the ftsteps f ITV's Save Mney: Gd Health, which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.
With fd ur biggest weekly husehld expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tnight's Easter special they cme t the aid f a family in need f sme delicius inspiratin n a budget. The team transfrms the family's lng weekend f celebratin with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yurself a Perfect Chef D. Cking Well fr Less
【答案】 D
【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜； hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱； hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜； less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知D正确。
例题3
【高考真题】
I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when Gerge Ry Hill, the directr f Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, intrduced us in New Yrk City. When the studi didn't want me fr the film— it wanted smebdy as well knwn as Paul— he std up fr me. I dn't knw hw many peple wuld have dne that; they wuld have listened t their agents r the studi pwers.
The friendship that grew ut f the experience f making that film and The Sting fur years later had its rt in the fact that althugh there was an age difference, we bth came frm a traditin f theater and live TV. We were respectful f craft（技艺）and fcused n digging int the characters we were ging t play. Bth f us had the qualities and virtues that are typical f American actrs: humrus, aggressive, and making fun f each ther— but always with an underlying affectin. Thse were als at the cre （核心）f ur relatinship ff the screen.
We shared the brief that if yu're frtunate enugh t have success, yu shuld put smething back— he with his Newman's Own fd and his Hle in the Wall camps fr kids wh are seriusly ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each ther all that regularly, but sharing that brught us tgether. We supprted each ther financially and by shwing up at events.
I last saw him a few mnths ag. He'd been in and ut f the hspital. He and I bth knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk abut it. Ours was a relatinship that didn't need a lt f wrds.
27.What is the authr's purpse in writing the test?
A.T shw his lve f films.
B.T remember a friend.
C.T intrduce a new mvie.
D.T share his acting experience.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据I last saw him a few mnths ag. He'd been in and ut f the hspital. He and I bth knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk abut it.可知Paul已经去世了，再结合前文I first met Paul Newman in 1968,可推断作者非常怀念这位朋友。故选B。
例题4
【高考真题】
TerrafugiaInc .said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight,bringing the cmpany clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle-named the Transitin – has tw seats wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car.The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the flies using a 23-galln tank f gas and bums 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.
Arund 100 peple have already put dwn a $10,000 depsit t get a Transitin when they g n sale, and thse numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia intrduces the Transitin t the public later this week at the New Yrk Aut Shw. But dn't expect it t shw up in t many driveways. It's expected t cst $279,000.And it wn't help if yu're stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventrs have been trying t make flying cars since the 1930s, accrding t Rbert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has cme clser than anyne t making the flying car a reality. The gvernment has already permitted the cmpany t use special materials t make it easier fr the vehicle t fly. The Transitin is nw ging thrugh crash tests t make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviatin Administratin's decisin five years ag t create a separate set f standards fr light sprt aircraft, which are lwer than thse fr pilts f larger planes. Terrafugia says an wner wuld need t pass a test and cmplete 20 hurs f flying time t be able t fly the Transitin,a requirement pilts wuld find relatively easy t meet.
28. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The basic data f the Transitin. B. The advantages f flying cars.
C. The ptential market fr flying cars. C. The designers f the Transitin.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据“The vehicle-named the Transitin – has tw seats wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car. The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the flies using a 23-galln tank f gas and bums 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.”可知，本段主要是对Transitin的构架进行了介绍。故选A。
31. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Flying Car at Aut Shw B. The Transitin's Fist Flight
C.Pilts'Dream Cming True D. Flying Car Clser t Reality
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。浏览全文，主要从飞车的试飞成功、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的设想至今成为现实展开论述。根据“TerrafugiaInc .said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight,”飞车试飞成功，“But Mann thinks Terrafugia has cme clser than anyne t making the flying car a reality.”Mann认为Terrafugia研制出的飞车比任何人都更接近现实。故选D。
例题5
【高考真题】
After years f heated debate, gray wlves were reintrduced t Yellwstne Natinal Park. Furteen wlves were caught in Canada and transprted t the park. By last year, the Yellwstne wlf ppulatin had grwn t mre than 170 wlves.
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment. By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area. They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund.
The disappearance f the wlves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk ppulatins — majr fd surces (来源) fr the wlf – grew rapidly. These animals cnsumed large amunts f vegetatin (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence f wlves, cyte ppulatins als grew quickly. The cytes killed a large percentage f the park' s red fxes, and cmpletely drve away the park' s beavers.
As early as 1966,bilgists asked the gvernment t cnsider reintrducing wlves t Yellwstne Park. They hped that wlves wuld be able t cntrl the elk and cyte prblems. Many farmers ppsed the plan because they feared that wlves wuld kill their farm animals r pets.
The gvernment spent nearly 30 years cming up with a plan t reintrduce the wlvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully mnitrs and manages the wlf packs in Yellwstne. Tday, the debate cntinues ver hw well the gray wlf is fitting in at Yellwstne. Elk, deer, and cyte ppulatins are dwn, while beavers and red fxes have made a cmeback. The Yellwstne wlf prject has been a valuable experiment t help bilgists decide whether t reintrduce wlves t ther parts f the cuntry as well.
28. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Wildlife research in the United States.
B. Plant diversity in the Yellwstne area.
C. The cnflict between farmers and gray wlves.
D. The reintrductin f wlves t Yellwstne Park.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。文章开门见山提出黄石公园引进灰狼的举措，然后在下文中详细介绍其原因以及带来的良好的转机，由此判断本文的中心话题是美国黄石公园对灰狼的引进。
例题6
【高考真题】
The Intelligent Transprt team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car int a mbile labratry named “DriveLAB” in rder t understand the challenges faced by lder drivers and t discver where the key stress pints are.
Research shws that giving up driving is ne f the key reasns fr a fall in health and well-being amng lder peple, leading t them becming mre islated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Prfessr Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are develping in-vehicle technlgies fr lder drivers which they hpe culd help them t cntinue driving int later life.
These include custm-made navigatin(导航) tls, night visin systems and intelligent speed adaptatins. Phil Blythe explains: “Fr many lder peple, particularly thse living alne r in the cuntry, driving is imprtant fr preserving their independence, giving them the freedm t get ut and abut withut having t rely n thers.”
“But we all have t accept that as we get lder ur reactins slw dwn and this ften results in peple aviding any ptentially challenging driving cnditins and lsing cnfidence in their driving skills. The result is that peple stp driving befre they really need t.”
Dr Amy Gu, the leading researcher n the lder driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us t understand what the key pints and difficulties are fr lder drivers and hw we might use technlgy t address these prblems.
“Fr example, mst f us wuld expect lder drivers always g slwer than everyne else but surprisingly, we fund that in 30mph znes they struggled t keep at a cnstant speed and s were mre likely t break the speed limit and be at risk f getting fined. We're lking at the benefits f systems which cntrl their speed as a way f preventing that.
“We hpe that ur wrk will help with technlgical slutins(解决方案) t ensure that lder drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
35.What is the best title fr the text?
A.A new Mdel Electric Car
B.A Slutin t Traffic Prblem
C. Driving Service fr elders
D. Keeping Older Drivers n the Rad
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款 “DriveLAB”来研究如何帮助解决老年司机在开车时候遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。
课堂运用：
基础
【高考真题】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Luie cunter by herself, quietly reading her e-bk as she waits fr her salad. What is she reading? Nne f yur business! Lunch is Bechtel’s "me" time. And like mre Americans, she’s nt alne.
A new reprt fund 46 percent f meals are eaten alne in America. Mre than half（53 percent）have breakfast alne and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating tgether anymre, 74 percent, accrding t statistics frm the reprt.
"I prefer t g ut and be ut. Alne, but tgether, yu knw?" Bechtel said, lking up frm her bk. Bechtel, wh wrks in dwntwn West Palm Beach, has lunch with cwrkers smetimes, but like many f us, t ften wrks thrugh lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allws her t keep a bss frm tapping her n the shulder. She returns t wrk feeling energized. "Tday, I just wanted sme time t myself," she said.
Just tw seats ver, Andrew Mazleny, a lcal videgrapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phne in peace r chat up the barkeeper with whm he's n a first-name basis if he wants t have a little interactin（交流）. "I reflect n hw my day's gne and think abut the rest f the week," he said. "It's a chance fr self-reflectin, Yu return t wrk recharged and with a plan."
That freedm t chse is ne reasn mre peple like t eat alne. There was a time when peple may have felt awkward abut asking fr a table fr ne, but thse days are ver. Nw, we have ur smartphnes t keep us cmpany at the table. "It desn't feel as alne as it may have befre all the advances in technlgy," said Laurie Demeritt, whse cmpany prvided the statistics fr the reprt.
8. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The trend f having meals alne.B. The imprtance f self-reflectin.
C. The stress frm wrking vertime.D. The advantage f wireless technlgy.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。通过对全文的理解，文章主要讲述了独自就餐的趋势，故答案为A。
【高考真题】
Benjamin West, the father f American painting, shwed his talent fr art when he was nly six years f age. But he did nt knw abut brushes befre a visitr tld him he needed ne. In thse days , a brush was made frm camel's hair. There were n camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair wuld wrk instead. He cut sme fur frm the family cat t make a brush.
The brush did nt last lng. Sn Benjamin needed mre fur. Befre lng, the cat began t lk ragged （蓬乱）. His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was frced t admit what he had been ding.
The cat's lt was abut t imprve. That year, ne f Benjamin's cusins, Mr. Penningtn, came t visit. He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings. When he went hme, he sent Benjamin a bx f paint and sme brushes. He als sent six engravings（版画）by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years ld, Mr. Penningtn returned fr anther visit .He was amazed at what Benjamin had dne with his gift. He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the by t Philadelphia fr a visit.
In the city, Mr. Penningtn gave Benjamin materials fr creating il paintings. The by began a landscape (风景) painting. Williams, a well-knwn painter, came t see him wrk. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him tw classic bks n painting t take hme .The bks were lng and dull. Benjamin culd read nly a little, having been a pr student. But he later said,” Thse tw bks were my cmpanins by day, and under my pillw at night.” While it is likely that he understd very little f the bks, they were his intrductin t classical paintings. The nine-year-ld by decided then that he wuld be an artist.
21. What is the text mainly abut?
A. Benjamin's visit t Philadelphia.
B. Williams' influence n Benjamin.
C. The beginning f Benjamin's life as an artist.
D. The friendship between Benjamin and Penningtn.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。故选C。
【高考真题】
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
【答案】 A
【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawsn这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawsn这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。
巩固
【高考真题】
Teens and yunger children are reading a lt less fr fun, accrding t a Cmmn Sense Media reprt published Mnday.
While the decline ver the past decade is steep fr teen readers, sme data in the reprt shws that reading remains a big part f many children's lives, and indicates hw parents might help encurage mre reading.
Accrding t the reprt's key findings, “the prprtin (比例) wh say they ‘hardly ever' read fr fun has gne frm 8 percent f 13-year-lds and 9 percent f 17-year-lds in 1984 t 22 percent and 27 percent respectively tday.”
The reprt data shws that pleasure reading levels fr yunger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amunt f time spent in reading each sessin has declined, frm clser t an hur r mre t clser t a half hur per sessin.
When it cmes t technlgy and reading, the reprt des little t cunsel(建议) parents lking fr data abut the effect f e-readers and tablets n reading. It des pint ut that many parents still limit electrnic reading, mainly due t cncerns abut increased screen time.
The mst hpeful data shared in the reprt shws clear evidence f parents serving as examples and imprtant guides fr their kids when it cmes t reading. Data shws that kids and teens wh d read frequently, cmpared t infrequent readers, have mre bks in the hme, mre bks purchased fr them, parents wh read mre ften, and parents wh set aside time fr them t read.
As the end f schl appraches, and schl vacatin reading lists lm(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance t step in and make their wn summer reading list and plan a family trip t the library r bkstre.
28. What is the Cmmn Sense Media reprt prbably abut?
A. Children's reading habits.
B. Quality f children's bks.
C. Children's after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relatinships.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。
【高考真题】
We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smart phnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
What's the prblem? It's pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It's mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because it's awkward and challenging, r we think it's annying and unnecessary. But the next time yu find yurself amng strangers, cnsider that small talk is wrth the truble. Experts say it's an invaluable scial practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimprtant is easy, but we can't frget that deep relatinships wuldn't even exist if it weren't fr casual cnversatin. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) fr scial cmmunicatin, says Bernard Carducci, directr f the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Sutheast. “Almst every great lve stry and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, assciate prfessr f psychlgy at UBC, invited peple n their way int a cffee shp. One grup was asked t seek ut an interactin(互动) with its waiter; the ther, t speak nly when necessary. The results shwed that thse wh chatted with their server reprted significantly higher psitive feelings and a better cffee shp experience. “It's nt that talking t the waiter is better than talking t yur husband,” says Dunn. “But interactins with peripheral(边缘的) members f ur scial netwrk matter fr ur well-being als.”
Dunn believes that peple wh reach ut t strangers feel a significantly greater sense f belnging, a bnd with thers. Carducci believes develping such a sense f belnging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis f gd manners,” he says.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cnversatin Cunts B. Ways f Making Small Talk
C. Benefits f Small Talk D. Uncmfrtable Silence
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。
拔高
6.【高考真题】
Measles(麻疹), which nce killed 450 children each year and disabled even mre, was nearly wiped ut in the United States 14 years ag by the universal use f the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a cmeback, caused by a grwing anti-vaccine mvement and misinfrmatin that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reprted in the USA, cmpared with 189 fr all f last year.
The numbers might sund small, but they are the leading edge f a dangerus trend. When vaccinatin rates are very high, as they still are in the natin as a whle, everyne is prtected. This is called “herd immunity”, which prtects the peple wh get hurt easily, including thse wh can't be vaccinated fr medical reasns, babies t yung t get vaccinated and peple n whm the vaccine desn't wrk.
But herd immunity wrks nly when nearly the whle herd jins in. When sme refuse vaccinatin and seek a free ride, immunity breaks dwn and everyne is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighbrhds arund the cuntry frm Orange Cunty, Califrnia, where 22 measles cases were reprted this mnth, t Brklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-ld caused an utbreak last year.
The resistance t vaccine has cntinued fr decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Thse wh refuse t take that risk selfishly make thers suffer.
Making things wrse are state laws that make it t easy t pt ut(决定不参加) f what are suppsed t be required vaccines fr all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allw parents t get an exemptin（豁免), smetimes just by signing a paper saying they persnally bject t a vaccine.
Nw, several states are mving t tighten laws by adding new regulatins fr pting ut. But n ne des enugh t limit exemptins.
Parents ught t be able t pt ut nly fr limited medical r religius reasns. But persnal pinins? Nt gd enugh. Everyne enjys the life-saving benefits vaccines prvide, but they'll exist nly as lng as everyne shares in the risks.
66. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T intrduce the idea f exemptin.
B. T discuss methds t cure measles.
C. T stress the imprtance f vaccinatin.
D. T appeal fr equal rights in medical treatment.
【答案】C
【解析】.态度意图题。本文主要是介绍了麻疹在历史上带来的危害，以及为什么会有这样的情况，最根本原因还是那些不注射疫苗的人导致的，故本文的目的是强调疫苗的作用，选C。
课堂小结
本节课主要围绕中心主旨题进行讲解，即：中心主旨题的特点、中心主旨题解题方法与技巧、中心主旨题解题注意事项。需要重点掌握的是中心主旨题解题方法。
在英语阅读理解题中，中心主旨题占有重要地位，几乎每篇均会涉及中心主旨题。因此，同学在平时阅读训练时要通过训练熟练掌握中心主旨题解题方法，尤其是中心句捕捉法。最终能快速准确把握文章中心主旨。
拓展延伸
基础
1.
We can achieve knwledge either actively r passively（被动地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and prving an idea, r by reasning.
We achieve knwledge passively by being tld by smene else. Mst f the learning that takes place in the classrm and the kind that happens when we watch TV r read newspapers r magazines is passive. Cnditined as we are t passive learning, it's nt surprising that we depend n it in ur everyday cmmunicatin with friends and c-wrkers.
Unfrtunately, passive learning has a serius prblem. It makes us tend t accept what we are tld even when it is little mre than hearsay and rumr(谣言).
Did yu ever play the game Rumr? It begins when ne persn writes dwn a message but desn't shw it t anyne. Then the persn whispers it, wrd fr wrd, t anther persn. That persn, in turn, whispers it t still anther, and s n, thrugh all the peple playing the game. The last persn writes dwn the message wrd fr wrd as he r she hears it. Then the tw written statements are cmpared. Typically, the riginal message has changed.
That's what happens in daily life. The simple fact that peple repeat a stry in their wn wrds changes the stry. Yet thse wh hear it think they knw.
This prcess is als fund amng schlars and authrs: A statement f pinin by ne writer may be re-stated as fact by anther, wh may in turn be quted by yet anther; and this prcess may cntinue, unless it ccurs t smene t questin the facts n which the riginal writer based his pinin r t challenge the interpretatin he placed upn thse facts.
3. The authr mentins the game Rumr t shw that _____.
A. a message may be changed when being passed n
B. a message shuld be delivered in different ways
C. peple may have prblems with their sense f hearing
D. peple tend nt t believe in what they knw as rumr
【答案】 A
【解析】考查中心主旨题。根据第四段中最后一句“Typically, the riginal message has changed.”可知。
2.
I am a writer. I spend a great deal f my time thinking abut the pwer f language—the way it can evke（唤起） an emtin, a visual image, a cmplex idea, r a simple truth. Language is the tl f my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.
Brn int a Chinese family that had recently arrived in Califrnia, I've been giving mre thught t the kind f English my mther speaks. Like thers, I have described it t peple as “brken” English. But feel embarrassed t say that. It has always bthered me that I can think f n way t describe it ther than “brken”, as if it were damaged and needed t be fixed, as if it lacked a certain whleness. I've heard ther terms used, “limited English,” fr example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including peple's perceptins（认识）f the limited English speaker.
I knw this fr a fact, because when I was grwing up, my mther's “limited” English limited my perceptin f her. I was ashamed f her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality f what she had t say. That is ,because she expressed them imperfectly her thughts were imperfect. And I had plenty f evidence t supprt me: the fact that peple in department stres, at banks, and at restaurants did nt take her seriusly, did nt give her gd service, pretended nt t understand her, r even acted as if they did nt hear her.
I started writing fictin in 1985. And fr reasns I wn't get int tday, I began t write stries using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which fr lack f a better term might be described as “brken”, and what I imagine t be her translatin f her Chinese, her internal（内在的） language, and fr that I sught t preserve the essence, but neither an English nr a Chinese structure: I wanted t catch what language ability tests can never shw; her intentin, her feelings, the rhythms f her speech and the nature f her thughts.
1. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. The changes f the authr's attitude t her mther's English.
B. The limitatin f the authr's perceptin f her mther.
C. The authr's misunderstanding f “limited” English.
D. The authr's experiences f using brken English.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。该文为故事传记文。通过文章最后一段，无法准确捕捉到文章的主旨大意。采用高频词法，整篇文章可捕捉到三个高频词，即“the authr”，“mther”与“English”。故可知答案为A。
巩固
3.
Next time a custmer cmes t yur ffice, ffer him a cup f cffee. And when yu're ding yur hliday shpping nline, make sure yu're hlding a large glass f iced tea. The physical sensatin（感觉）f warmth encurages emtinal warmth, while a cld drink in hand prevents yu frm making unwise decisins—thse are the practical lessn being drawn frm recent research by psychlgist Jhn A. Bargh.
Psychlgists have knwn that ne persn's perceptin（感知）f anther's “warmth” is a pwerful determiner in scial relatinships. Judging smene t be either “warm” r “cld” is a primary cnsideratin, even trumping evidence that a “cld” persn may be mre capable. Much f this is rted in very early childhd experiences, Bargh argues, when babies' cnceptual sense f the wrld arund them is shaped by physical sensatins, particularly warmth and cldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlw, published in 1958, shwed mnkeys preferred t stay clse t a clth “mther” rather than ne made f wire, even when the wire “mther” carried a fd bttle. Harlw's wrk and later studies have led psychlgists t stress the need fr warm physical cntact frm caregivers t help yung children grw int healthy adults with nrmal scial skills.
Feelings f “warmth” and “cldness” in scial judgments appear t be universal. Althugh n wrldwide study has been dne, Bargh says that describing peple as “warm” r “cld” is cmmn t many cultures, and studies have fund thse perceptins influence judgment in dzens f cuntries.
T test the relatinship between physical and psychlgical warmth, Bargh cnducted an experiment which invlved 41 cllege students. A research assistant wh was unaware f the study's hyptheses（假设）, handed the students either a ht cup f cffee, r a cld drink, t hld while the researcher filled ut a shrt infrmatin frm: The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked t rate the persnality f “Persn A” based n a particular descriptin. Thse wh had briefly held the warm drink regarded Persn A as warmer than thse wh had held the iced drink.
“We are grunded in ur physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.
1. Accrding t Paragraph 1, a persn's emtin may be affected by________ .
A. the visitrs t his ffice
B. the psychlgy lessns he has
C. his physical feeling f cldness
D. the things he has bught nline
【答案】C
【解析】考查中心主旨题。根据第一段第三句“The physical sensatin（感觉）f warmth encurages emtinal warmth, while a cld drink in hand prevents yu frm making unwise decisins”可知。
2. The authr mentins Harlw's experiment t shw that ________.
A. adults shuld develp scial skills
B. babies need warm physical cntact
C. caregivers shuld be healthy adults
D. mnkeys have scial relatinships
【答案】B
【解析】考查中心主旨题。文章主旨为第一段“The physical sensatin（感觉）f warmth encurages emtinal warmth”，根据这一中心，选B。
5. What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A. Drinking fr Better Scial Relatinships.
B. Experiments f Persnality Evaluatin.
C. Develping Better Drinking Habits.
D. Physical Sensatins and Emtins.
【答案】D
【解析】考查中心主旨题。文章主旨为第一段“The physical sensatin（感觉）f warmth encurages emtinal warmth”，根据这一中心，选D。
4.
Whenever the wrd “her” cmes t me, I immediately think f three Hs: hnrable, hardwrking, and happy. When I think mre abut this wrd, I picture smene wh has accmplished gd things fr peple and tries t d the right thing. Hattie Elizabeth Alexander is ne persn whm I find t be very heric.
Hattie was brn in Baltimre, Maryland n April 5, 1901.During her time at Cllege she earned her Bachelr's Degree in Bacterilgy and Physilgy. These were just the first steps twards what she was finally ging t be remembered fr. After cllege Hattie attended the Jhns Hpkins Schl f Medicine and received her medical degree.
After her educatin, she pursued her career, and after much time and hard wrk, she drastically reduced the number f infants (幼儿) dying frm meningitis (脑膜炎)．Hattie was very dedicated t her wrk and helped at as many lcatins as she culd. Spending substantial (大量的) time in the labratry, Hattie successfully develped a cure against the disease, which decreased the death rate t 20 per cent. At the same time, she was als a teacher wrking with Clumbia University.
She was a caring lady interested in ther peple's lives. When she was teaching at Clumbia University, ther members wuld talk t her abut students that were failing their classes, and smehw Hattie culd always find cnvincing reasns as t why they shuld nt be driven away. Later, Hattie became an instructr in Pediatrics at New Yrk City's Babies Hspital. After many hnrs, she became the first wman president f the American Pediatric Sciety in 1965.This was her last majr achievement, fr sn after, Hattie died f cancer n June 24, 1968.
Hattie is my her because her psitive attitude and strength helped her accmplish great things fr thers. She gave them her strength by develping medicines against diseases, which, by ding s, made them strnger. This is what makes Hattie Elizabeth Alexander my her.
4. Which f the fllwing wuld be the mst prper title fr the text?
A．An hnurable wman
B．A wman accmplishing great things
C．My her—Hattie Elizabeth Alexander
D．The first wman president f the APS
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Whenever the wrd ‘her' cmes t me, I immediately think f three Hs: hnurable, hardwrking, and happy.”和最后一段第一句“Hattie is my her because her psitive attitude and strength helped her accmplish great things fr thers.”可知C项“My her—Hattie Elizabeth Alexander”为最佳标题。
5.
“Hw d yu explain the fact that even thugh yu were bth blind and deaf, yu were able t accmplish s much？” Queen Victria f England asked Helen Keller.
MSN Keller answered, “If it had nt been fr Anne Sullivan, the name f Helen Keller wuld have remained unknwn.”
In fact, “Little Annie”， as she was called when she was yung, was n stranger t hardship. She was almst sightless herself (due t a childhd fever) and was, at ne time, diagnsed as hpelessly “insane” and was lcked in the basement f a mental institutin. On ccasin, Little Annie wuld even vilently attack anyne wh came near.
An elderly nurse believed there was hpe, hwever, and she made it her missin t shw lve t the child. She still cntinued t visit fr she believed Little Annie culd recver, if she was shwn lve.
Eventually, dctrs nticed a change in the girl. Where they witnessed anger and cldness they nted gentleness and lve. They mved her upstairs where she cntinued t imprve. Then the day finally came when this seemingly “hpeless” child was released.
Anne Sullivan grew int a yung wman with a desire t help thers as she, herself, was helped by the kind nurse. It was she wh saw the great ptential in Helen Keller. She lved her, disciplined her，played with her and wrked with her until the weak candle became a beacn f light t the wrld. She wrked wnders in Helen's life; but it was a lving nurse wh first believed in Little Annie and lvingly transfrmed an uncmmunicative child int a cmpassinate teacher.
“If it had nt been fr Anne Sullivan, the name f Helen Keller wuld have remained unknwn.” But if it had nt been fr a kind and dedicated nurse, the name f Anne Sullivan wuld have remained unknwn. And s it ges. And hw far frward will it lead?
4. Which f the fllwing might be the best title fr the text?
A. A caring nurse
B. Chain f lve
C. Withut respect, withut success
D. Gd helps thse wh help themselves
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文讲述了Anne Sullivan的转变历程。在此期间，爱和关怀从年长护士开始得以传递，在文章最后一段，作者希望爱将一直延续先去，由此可知B项概括了全文。
拔高
6.
A cuple f years ag I graduated frm art schl. After graduatin I was unsure f what t d with my degree. I had majred in Illustratin (插图) and lved it, but didn't really feel interested in ding illustratins fr any cmpanies. This left me with few ptins ther than freelance (自由职业的)jbs and nannying (保姆工作)．
I spent tw years wrking as a nanny ding freelance illustratin n the side. It just wasn't quite enugh t pay rent, but I lved it, s I wrked well ver 50 hurs a week, trying t keep up with bth.
Just under a year ag I went t a friend's wedding. I culdn't think f a gift fr them and really didn't have a lt f mney t spare s I used my talents t create a prtrait fr them. It wasn't much, and I hped it wuld be a gd gift. When I handed the prtrait t them and they unwrapped it, the lks n their faces were smething I did nt expect. There were jyful tears in their eyes as they cried, “That's us! This is s beautiful！”
It's funny because when I was in art schl prtraits were always my least favrite assignment. I hated drawing peple and was always s much mre interested in drawing little furry creatures. Once I saw the lks n my friends' faces after giving them their prtrait it was all ver. I suddenly lved prtraits and wanted t d mre.
I nw take prtraits t every wedding I g t and have given them as gifts t the families I nannied fr. Every time the reactin makes all f the hard wrk and time I put int them s wrth it.
I've just started ffering cuple, family and pet prtraits as an item n my Etsy shp.
4. What may be the best title f the passage?
A. Yur majr is yur future career
B. I gave a gift and it turned int a career
C. I sacrificed a lt fr my jb
D. Yu are t d what yu desire t d
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后两段可知作者送给朋友一份礼物，结果却成了自己的一份事业。故选B。
7.
In a shcking upset, 70yearld Republican candidate Dnald Trump rde a wave t victry as vters elected him the 5th President f the United States.
Actually，a lt f experts had predicted that Demcratic candidate Hillary Clintn wuld cme ut n tp. Thrughut the campaign，ne f Trump's main challenges was t persuade vters that he has the attitude，knwledge and judgment t be president. In the end，he was able t attract mre than enugh vters t his side.
Hillary Clintn admitted the electin t Trump in a phne call at arund 2：30 am.“ Hillary has wrked very lng and very hard ver a lng perid f time，”Trump tld his supprters during his victry speech. “We we her a majr debt f gratitude fr her service t ur cuntry.”
Hillary Clintn delivered her speech later in the day.“ We must accept this result and then lk t the future，”she tld her disappinted supprters.“ Dnald Trump is ging t be ur president. We we him an pen mind and the chance t lead.”
Trump's rise t the presidency cmes after a lng career as a realestate develper. He built skyscrapers，resrts and glf curses. He als risked ther businesses, including Trump Steaks，Trump Natural Spring Water，and an airline called Trump Shuttle. In 2004, he became a TV star with the reality shw The Apprentice.
Nw Trump and his team will have t face many difficult things. They'll have t wrk t bring the cuntry tgether after a divisive campaign that upset millins f Americans. Thrughut the cuntry，millins f Americans are ut f wrk and struggling t make ends meet. The new president must als address internatinal issues. They include the war n terrrism and the refugee crisis. Still, Trump says he sees a bright future ahead.“Every single American will have the pprtunity t realize his r her fullest ptential，”he tld his supprters.
4. What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A. The prblems with America.
B. The challenges Trump will face.
C. Trump's ideas abut his future wrk.
D. The decisins Trump will have t make.
【答案】B
【解析】段落大意题。根据倒数第一段中的Nw Trump and his team will have t face many difficult things.及段落陈述可知，本段主要介绍特朗普将要面临的各种挑战。故选B。
应用信息
开头
100%
结尾
10%
故事传记
开头
10%
结尾
100%
议论说明（结论）
开头
100%
结尾
10%
议论说明（活动）
开头
100%
结尾
10%
议论说明（现象）
开头
100%
结尾
10%
议论说明（道理）
开头
90%
结尾
10%
相关试卷
高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题10 阅读理解-三年（2019-2021）（原卷版+解析版）： 这是一份高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题10 阅读理解-三年（2019-2021）（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题10阅读理解-三年2019-2021高考真题汇编原卷版doc、专题10阅读理解-三年2019-2021高考真题汇编解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共196页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题09 七选五-十年（2012-2021）（原卷版+解析版）： 这是一份高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题09 七选五-十年（2012-2021）（原卷版+解析版），文件包含专题09七选五-十年2012-2021高考英语真题汇编原卷版doc、专题09七选五-十年2012-2021高考英语真题汇编解析版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共94页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题07 长难句02：高考真题长难句： 这是一份高考英语阅读理解秒杀技巧及真题演练 专题07 长难句02：高考真题长难句，共72页。试卷主要包含了trained 2，demanding 11，audience，instrument n，cncert n，entire adj等内容，欢迎下载使用。
