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最新高考英语考点一遍过(讲义) 考点24 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
展开这是一份最新高考英语考点一遍过(讲义) 考点24 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,共11页。学案主要包含了定语从句与其他句型的区别等内容,欢迎下载使用。
要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型,以及每单元的综合训练,认真对其辨析、总结和归纳,查漏补缺,坚持积累,最重要的是能够在合适的语境中正确、灵活地运用。保证课堂高效。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏
一轮复习是将重点知识提炼,容量大,速度快。所以,学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路,要快速地用脑思,用心听、用嘴说,用手写,才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识
学案都是在规定的时间内完成,重视规范的做题步骤,重视思考过程。更重要的是,做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。大量的、甚至可能是枯燥的训练是做题速度和准确度的保证。希望老师要保证所有同学从每套题中都获得最大收获。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩
得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习中,重视基础知识的同时,要坚持阅读训练,促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间,重效果,扎实做好每个复习环节
一轮复习时间紧,任务重,需要同学们充分抢抓时间,利用时间,紧跟复习进度。同时,重视复习效果,做到做一件事,有一点收获。英语成绩的进步并非一蹴而就,需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。只要做到这一点,成功只是早晚的事!
考点24 "介词+关系代词"引导的
定语从句
高考频度:★★★★★
考向一 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句
●"介词+关系代词"的用法
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,我们通常用"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句。如果指"人",用"介词+whm";如果指"物",用"介词+which"。
●"介词+关系代词"结构中介词的选用
1.一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:①先行词的意义;②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。
☞I’ll never frget the time during which I spent my childhd in the cuntry.
我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2.表示"整体和部分关系",介词常用f。在sme,any,few,nne,all,bth,neither,mst,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用f which/whm。
☞Jhn invited abut 40 peple t his wedding,mst f whm are family members.
约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3.有时"介词+where"可以引导定语从句,此时要和"介词+which"引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
☞His head sn appeared ut f the windw,frm where he saw nthing but trees.
他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(frm where相当于frm ut f the windw,而不是frm the windw)
●在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如lk after, lk fr等。
●"f which / whm"有时可以用"whse+名词"结构来改写。
●当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时,通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语,则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。
1.(2017·江苏卷·单项填空) In 1963 the UN set up the Wrld Fd Prgramme, ne f ________ purpses is t relieve wrldwide starvatin.
A. which B. its
C. whse D. whm
【参考答案】C
2.(2016 • 江苏卷·单项填空)Many yung peple, mst _________were well-educated, headed fr remte regins t chase their dreams.
A. f whichB. f them
C. f whmD. f thse
【参考答案】C
【答案解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many yung peple,关系代词whm指代先行词,在定语从句中作介词f的宾语。句意:很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想,其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故C项正确。
考向二 定语从句与其他句型的区别
一、限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别
关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词有跟他们含义相应的先行词,而引导同位语从句时则没有与他们含义相应的先行词。
☞Srry, I’ve frgt the day when we met fr the first time.
抱歉,我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。(定语从句,先行词the day 与when含义相应)
☞I’ve n idea when we met fr the first time.
我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。(同位语从句,idea与when没有任何联系)
二、定语从句与时间状语从句的区别
当定语从句的引导词与时间状语从句的连接词都是when时,定语从句修饰、限制、说明时间名词,只能放在先行词的后面;而时间状语从句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以放在主句的前面。
☞D yu knw the time when the class is ver? 你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句)
☞It was already five ’clck when the class was ver.
=When the class was ver, it was already five ’clck.
当课结束时,已经是五点钟了。(时间状语从句)
三、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时,定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词;而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点,where没有对应的地点名词或代词。
☞This is the place where we used t live a few years ag.
这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。(定语从句)
☞Let’s g where we can find a better jb.
我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句)
四、定语从句与强调句型的区别
定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制,关系词可能是that, which, as, wh, but, 另一方面,句子中的It有所指;而强调句型是对某部分加强语气,强调语气的连接词只能是that, wh,并且句子中的It 没有任何意义;一般比较明显,而有时就难以区别,还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。学科*网
It is a bk that he wants.
它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句,就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样的问题,意思是:它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答What des he want? 这样的问题,那么意思是:他想要的是一本书。显然,句子是强调句型。
五、定语从句与结果状语从句的区别
定语从句中的关系词在从句中还要作某种成分,因而从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词不作任何句子成分,因此句子成分完整。
☞It is such an interesting bk as we all like.
它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。(定语从句)
☞It is such an interesting bk that we all like it.
它是一本如此有趣的书,我么大家都喜欢它。(结果状语从句)
比较:It is such an interesting bk that we all like. 强调句型。意思是:我们大家都喜欢的是一本如此有趣的书。
六、定语从句与独立主格结构的区别
定语从句一般有关系词、主谓结构完整;而独立主格结构没有关系词、也没有谓语动词。
☞The bk being very interesting, we all like it. 由于这本书有趣,我们大家都喜欢它。
☞The bk which / that is very interesting was published last year. 这本有趣的书是去年出版的。
1. —He wrte a lt f nvels, nne f ____________ were ppular.
—It’s the same with his wife. She wrte sme plays, but nne f ___________ was a success.
A. these;themB. which;which
C. thse;whichD. which;them
【参考答案】D
2. After the war, a new schl building was put up ____________ there had nce been a theatre.
A. thatB. where
C. whichD. when
3. After living in Paris fr fifty years he returned t the small twn _____________ he grew up as a child.
A. whichB. where
C. thatD. when
【参考答案】2. B 3. B
【答案解析】定语从句中有表示地点的先行词,而地点状语从句中则没有;定语从句的关系词根据需要可用
"介词+which"来代替where,而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。因此第2题中无表示地点的先行词,是表示地点的状语从句,故填where,第3题中the small twn是先行词,为定语从句,故填where,也可用in which替换。
题组一 基础过关
用适当的关系词填空
1.(2017·浙江) Italy, _________ has a much weaker traditin f immigratin, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigratin in recent years.
2.(2017·北京) If we use, t achieve ur purpses, a mechanical agency with _________ peratin we cannt effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpse put int the machine is the purpse which we really desire.
3. (2017·北京)This is called “herd immunity”, ________ prtects the peple wh get hurt easily, including thse ________ can’t be vaccinated fr medical reasns, babies t yung t get vaccinated and peple n ________ the vaccine desn’t wrk.
4.Her perfrmances n the stage were perfect,________ made a lt f peple admire her.
5.The city was attacked by such terrible weather ________ few citizens had ever experienced befre.
6.A stry I read tw years ag,________ name I can’t remember clearly,changed my idea abut educatin.
7.I dn’t knw the reasn ________ yu lied t yur parents,but yu’d better explain.
8.________ is mentined abve,paper is first made in China.
9.A sailr ________ has experienced n strm will never becme an excellent sailr.
10.I ften think abut the times ________ I have felt hurt and insulted by rude remarks frm strangers and smetimes frm acquaintances.
题组二 能力提升
= 1 \* ROMAN I.单项填空
1.Human facial expressins differ frm thse f animals in the degree ________ they can be cntrlled n purpse.
A.with whichB.t which
C.f whichD.fr which
2.Gun cntrl is a subject_________ Americans have argued fr a lng time.
A.f whichB.with which
C.abut whichD.int which
3.Eric received training in cmputer fr ne year, ___________ he fund a jb in a big cmpany.
A.after thatB.after which
C.after itD.after this
4.True friendship is like health, the value___________is seldm knwn until it is lst.
A.f itB.n which
C.f whmD.f which
5.With mre than 17 000 islands, _________ _nly 6 000 are inhabited, Indnesia is the wrld’s largest archipelag (群岛).
A.n whichB.fr which
C.f whichD.alng which
6. Pinting t the huse n ____________ rf grew lts f bushes, the ld man tld me that was ____________ I wuld stay.
A. its;whatB. whse;what
C. whse;whereD. its;where
7. Our special thanks g t thusands f vlunteers, withut ____________ tireless wrk, nne f these wuld be pssible.
A. whichB. whm
C. whseD. that
8. —Have yu knwn Jane fr lng?
—Nt very lng, ______________ we started t serve the Wrld Exp in Milan.
A. afterB. befre
C. whenD. since
= 2 \* ROMAN II. 语篇填空
D yu knw the man __1__wrte this bk?He was Jasn,ne f the engineers __2__came frm Russia in the 1950s.He wrked in the same factry __3__my father nce wrked. When he came t China,the first thing __4__ he did was t visit the factry __5__did research n trlleybuses and fund ut the reasn __6__China was s backward in it.Then he spent every minute __7__he culd spare t help China develp transprtatin.__8__is mentined abve,Jasn was a freigner __9__made great cntributins t ur cuntry and was a kind man t __10__we shuld say thanks.
= 3 \* ROMAN III. 语法填空
When yu decide yu’re ging t live alne,yu get upset. This is __1__(nature). But there’s n need t get __2__(wrry). Belw are sme ideas __3__ can help yu ut.
Saving mney is __4__ yu need t start several mnths befre yu mve ut. Yu need t save enugh mney__5__(help) yu survive fr at least a mnth in the new place. The __6__(easy) f all ways is t spend less!
Search fr a place t live in befre__7__(mve) ut. Make sure that the place yu chse is in a gd lcatin. Besides,yu can affrd__8__.If yu’re ging t stay in an expensive city,find a rmmate s that yu can share the expenses.
And if yu have t live__9__yur wn fr a lng time,yu’ll have t lk fr a part-time jb. If yu’re__10__student,yu can wrk in restaurants,theaters,etc. And dn’t spend a lt f mney in a wasteful way! Try and save every penny f what yu earn.
题组三体验真题
1.(2016 • 浙江)Scientists have advanced many theries abut why human beings cry tears, nne f ______ has been prved.
A. whm B. which
C. whatD. that
2.(2015·浙江) Creating an atmsphere emplyees feel part f a team is a big challenge.
A. as B. whse
C. in which D. at which
3.(2015·重庆) He wrte many children’ s bks, nearly half f_________ were published in the 1990s.
A. whm B. which
C. them D. that
题组一 基础过关
用适当的关系词填空
1.which 2.whse 3.which, wh, whm 4.which5.as
6.whse 7.why 8.As 9.wh 10.when
题组二 能力提升
= 1 \* ROMAN I.单项填空
2.C 【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。句意:对枪的控制是美国人一直争论的一个话题。argue abut意为"争论";argue with意为"和……争论",所以此处应用介词abut。故选C。 学科*网
3.B 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。在这个非限制性定语从句中,先行词是"Eric received training in cmputer fr ne year"这件事,关系词在从句中作介词after的宾语,所以关系词应用which。故选B。
4.D 【解析】考查"介词+关系代词"结构。句意:真正的友谊犹如健康,直到失去时才知其可贵。此处不能用"介词+指示代词"结构;先行词为friendship,指物,故不能用whm;此处表示所属关系,故介词只能用f,所以B项不符合句意。故选D。
【温馨提示】本题易误选A项或者C项。但是考生需要注意,用whm时先行词应指人;如选A,可在逗号后加上连词and。
5.C 【解析】考查"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句。分析句子结构可知选C。f which中的which指17 000 islands,17 000 islands为先行词。
6. C 【解析】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:老人指着那个屋顶上长着许多灌木的房子对我说,那就是我将要待的地方。huse是先行词,与rf是所属关系,故用whse引导;"that was ________ I wuld stay"是tld的宾语从句,该从句中that是主语,"_________ I wuld stay"是表语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,所以用where引导。
7. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们特别感谢数以千计的志愿者们,没有他们不知疲倦的工作,所有这些都不可能做到。vlunteers与tireless wrk是所属关系,所以用关系代词whse,在从句中作定语。
8. D 【解析】考查状语从句。句意:——你认识Jane很久了吗?——认识的时间不长,是从我们开始服务于米兰世博会时认识的。根据句意可知,应选since,表示"自……以来,自……以后"。
= 2 \* ROMAN II. 语篇填空
1.wh/that 2.wh/that 3.where 4.that 5.which/that
6.why 7.that 8.As 9.wh/that 10.whm
= 3 \* ROMAN III. 语法填空
1.natural
【解析】考查形容词。句意:当你决定单独生活时,你变得沮丧,这是自然的。分析句子成分可知,空处作表语,故此处需要用nature的形容词形式。
4.what
【解析】考查表语从句。句意:在你搬出去的几个月之前,你就需要开始存钱。what引导表语从句,并在从句中作宾语。
5.t help
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:你需要存足够的钱,帮助你在新的地方生存至少一个月。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
6.easiest
【解析】考查最高级。句意:所有的方法中最容易的就是少花钱。由f all ways可知用最高级。
7.mving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词befre后跟动词-ing形式。
8.it
【解析】考查代词。此处用it指代前面的"the place"。
9.n
【解析】考查介词短语。n ne’s wn"单独,独自"。
10.a
【解析】考查冠词。句意:如果你是一名学生,你能在餐馆、剧院等地方工作。此处用不定冠词a表示泛指一名学生。
题组三体验真题
1.B
【解析】句意:关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪,科学家已经提出了很多理论,没有一个得到证明。此句为定语从句,先行词是theries,指物,定语从句用"代词+介词+关系代词which"引导。故选B。
2.C
3.B
【解析】句意:他写了许多儿童书籍,几乎一半在1990年左右出版。先行词是bks,定语从句中f缺少宾语,故选B项。
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