最新高考英语考点一遍过(讲义) 考点28 让步状语从句
展开要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型,以及每单元的综合训练,认真对其辨析、总结和归纳,查漏补缺,坚持积累,最重要的是能够在合适的语境中正确、灵活地运用。保证课堂高效。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏
一轮复习是将重点知识提炼,容量大,速度快。所以,学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路,要快速地用脑思,用心听、用嘴说,用手写,才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识
学案都是在规定的时间内完成,重视规范的做题步骤,重视思考过程。更重要的是,做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。大量的、甚至可能是枯燥的训练是做题速度和准确度的保证。希望老师要保证所有同学从每套题中都获得最大收获。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩
得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习中,重视基础知识的同时,要坚持阅读训练,促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间,重效果,扎实做好每个复习环节
一轮复习时间紧,任务重,需要同学们充分抢抓时间,利用时间,紧跟复习进度。同时,重视复习效果,做到做一件事,有一点收获。英语成绩的进步并非一蹴而就,需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。只要做到这一点,成功只是早晚的事!
考点28 让步状语从句
高考频度:★★★★★
让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。
一般翻译为"尽管……即使……"就是我们日常生活中用的"退一步说……"的感觉。
引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:thugh, althugh, as; even if, even thugh; ; n matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。
1. althugh/thugh引导的让步状语从句
althugh和thugh,都作"虽然;尽管"解,通常可以换用,althugh的语气较重。如果要强调"但是"语气,可使用yet,still或nevertheless来表示"但是"、"依然"或"然而"之意。
Althugh they have been talking fr a lng time, he cannt make her believe him.
虽然和她谈了半天,他还是不能让她信任自己。
We had t wait half an hur ________we had already bked a table.
A. sinceB. althughC. until D. befre
【参考答案】B
2. even if/even thugh引导的让步状语从句
(1)even if引导的让步状语从句
even if "即使,纵然",从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。
Even if it rains tmrrw, we wn’t change ur plan. 即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。
Even if I failed again, I will nt give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败,我也决不会放弃实验。
(2) even thugh引导的让步状语从句
even thugh"虽然,尽管",从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况,通常可以和althugh/thugh换用。
Even thugh I didn’t understand a wrd, I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂,我还是保持微笑。
Even thugh yu say s, I d nt believe it. 即使你这样说,我也不信。
(2016·北京卷﹒单项填空)My grandfather still plays tennis nw and then, _______________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as lng as B. as if C. even thugh D. in case
【参考答案】C
3. as引导的让步状语从句
as引导让步状语从句时,意为"尽管,虽然",从句多位于主句之前,而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语,则把表语置于句首,而且名词前要省略冠词;如果从句中有修饰动词的副词,则将该副词置于句首;如果从句中有情态动词,则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此用法与thugh的倒装完全一致。(althugh无此用法)
Much as I admire his curage, I dn’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
Strng as yu maybe, yu cannt lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气,你却无法把它提起来。
Child as he is, he is very brave.尽管他还是个孩子,但是他很勇敢。
1._________, his idea was accepted by all the peple at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sund
B. As it might sund strange
C. As strange it might sund
D. Strange as it might sund
2._________, Carlina culdn’t get the dr pen.
A. Try as she mightB. As she might try
C. She might as try D. Might she as try
【参考答案】1.D 2.A
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知,以上两题都是有as引导的让步状语从句,因此要要倒装语序。
4. while引导的让步状语从句
while"虽然,尽管",多用于正式文体,且多位于句首,相当于althugh。
While I understand yur pint f view, I d nt share it. 我虽了解你的观点,但不敢苟同。
While I sympathize, I really can’t d very much t help. 虽然我很同情,但我确实帮不了什么忙。
(2016·浙江卷﹒单项填空)_____________ nline shpping has changed ur life, nt all f its effects have been psitive.
A. SinceB. AfterC. WhileD. Unless
【参考答案】C
5. 疑问词-ever与n matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句
(1)whatever/n matter what引导的让步状语从句
whatever和n matter what用法相同,都作"无论什么"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
Whatever/N matter what he says, dn’t g. 不管他说什么,你都不要走。
We are determined t fulfill the task, whatever/n matter what happens. 不管发生什么,我们决心完成这项任务。
(2) whichever/n matter which引导的让步状语从句
whichever和n matter which用法相同,都作"无论哪个"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
Whichever/N matter which yu buy, there is a six-mnth guarantee. 不论你买哪个,都有六个月的保修期。
Whichever/N matter which f the tw men had stlen her purse, Barbara was determined t find them. 不管是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包,芭芭拉都决心找到他们。
(3)whever/n matter wh引导的让步状语从句
whever和n matter wh用法相同,都作"无论谁"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
Yu can’t cme in, whever yu are. 不管你是谁,都不能进来。
Whever/N matter wh wants t speak t me n the phne, tell him I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙着呢。
(4) wherever/n matter where引导的让步状语从句
wherever和n matter where用法相同,都作"无论在(或到)哪里"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
Wherever/N matter where yu g, I’m right here waiting fr yu. 无论你到哪里,我都依然在这里等着你。
(5)hwever/n matter hw引导的让步状语从句
hwever和n matter hw用法相同,都作"无论如何……"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
Hwever much yu regret ding that, there is nthing yu can d abut it nw. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事,现在也无济于事了。
Hwever high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高,也高不到天上去。
(6) whenever/n matter when引导的让步状语从句
whenever和n matter when用法相同,都作"无论何时"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴,他都给我鼓劲儿。
1._________, I have t put it away and fcus my attentin n study this week.
A. Hwever the stry is amusing
B. N matter amusing the stry is
C. Hwever amusing the stry is
D. N matter hw the stry is amusing
【参考答案】C
2. Yu shuld try t get a gd night’s sleep ________much wrk yu have t d.
A. hweverB. n matter
C. althughD. whatever
【参考答案】A
【答案解析】句意:无论有多么多的工作要做,你都应该晚上睡好。分析句子结构可知,"________much wrk yu have t d"是让步状语从句,此处表示"多么",且修饰形容词much应用hwever。故选A。
6. (n matter) 引导的让步状语从句
由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如:
Yu'll have t attend the ceremny whether yu're free r busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼。
Whether yu believe it r nt, it's true.无论你是否相信,这都是真的。
— Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
— Gd, and ________yu play r watch TV, yu mustn’t disturb me.
A. whenever B. whether
C. whateverD. n matter
【参考答案】B
题组一 能力过关
= 1 \* ROMAN I.用适当连接词填空,用以引导让步状语从句
1.(2017·北京卷)Their research als suggests hw we may build lasting memries ver time _________the synapses becme thinner.
2. (2017·江苏卷)_________ clean energy is increasingly used in ur daily life, glbal warming will cntinue fr sme decades after CO2 emissins(排放)peak.
3.While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life, cllege sets the stage fr that explratin.
4.(2017·新课标卷II)The friendship that grew ut f the experience f making that film and The Sting fur years later had its rt in the fact that ________ there was an age difference, we bth came frm a traditin f theater and live TV.
5. (2017·新课标卷II)Thugh the mvie is 30 years ld, mst f the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting t say gd-bye t the ld building.
= 2 \* ROMAN II.单项填空
1. _________ the students fund the sldier’s idea interesting, the system fr the blind was t difficult t be f practical use.
A.AsB. SinceC. WhileD. When
2.Tday, bth male and female athletes frm arund the wrld can take part in the Olympics, _________natin they cme frm.
A.n matterB. whateverC. whatD.n matter where
3.The engineers are s busy that they have n time fr sprts activities, _________they have the interest.
A. even ifB.as ifC. wheneverD. wherever
4.This is a very interesting bk. I’ll buy it, ________.
A. hw much may it cstB.n matter hw it may cst
C. hwever much it may cstD. whatever may it cst
5.______these different frms f greeting and custms might seem strange t yu, remember _____yu cnsider nrmal prbably seems just as unusual t thers.
A.As; whatB.As; that
C. While; whatD. While; that
6.________, the ftball game was decided nt t put ff.
A. Heavily as did it rainB.As it rained heavily
C.As heavily it rainedD. Heavily as it rained
7.My prfessr’s sn was ambitius f being a sldier________ he was s weak and thin.
A. becauseB. while
C. thughD.as thugh
8.We will hld a meeting t sum up ur experience _________we finish ur task.
A.in caseB. even thugh
C. despiteD. immediately
9.He will never give up the chance t g abrad fr further educatin _________the situatin is.
A. whateverB. hwever
C. wheneverD. wherever
10.Jacksn is cheerful abut his life _______ he is suffering frm cancer.
A. even ifB.as lng as
C.as ifD. ever since
III. 语法填空
A Japanese cmpany has just invented Pepper, a human-like rbt. It has arms and hands, but has n legs. Pepper can speak 17 languages and 1 (have) a display(显示器) n its chest, in which yu can type in many different 2 (cmmand). The rbt’s artificial intelligence system can read different kinds f human emtins. It can als read, answer questins and react 3 the feelings f peple.
Pepper gets its infrmatin frm 4 series f cameras, as well as facial and vice recgnitin sftware. It 5 (cnnect) t the Internet where it gets infrmatin frm a database. Special safety features make it almst impssible fr the sftware 6 (crash). Pepper is a learning rbt that becmes better and better in recgnizing human 7 (behave).
The market demand fr rbts is grwing and because f its 8 (rapid) aging ppulatin, Japan is ne f the 9 (large) markets in the wrld. 10 many cmpanies have been creating rbts fr varius purpses, very little has been dne t get rbts t wrk n the emtinal level. Pepper is the first machine that can d just that.
题组二 体验真题
1. (2017·北京)__________ birds use their feathers fr flight, sme f their feathers are fr ther purpses.
A. Once B. If C. Althugh D. Because
2.(2015·安徽)______ he nce felt like giving up, he nw has the determinatin t push further and keep n ging.
A. WhereB. AsC. In caseD. Nw that
3.(2015·安徽)______ scientists have learned a lt abut the universe, there is much we still dn't knw.
A. OnceB. SinceC. ThughD. Unless
4.(2014·北京)_______ the frest park is far away, a lt f turists visit it every year.
A. AsB. WhenC. Even thughD. In case
题组一 能力过关
= 1 \* ROMAN I.用适当连接词填空,用以引导让步状语从句
1. even thugh
2.While/Thugh/Althugh
3. While/Thugh/Althugh
4. althugh
5. Thugh/Althugh
= 2 \* ROMAN II. 单项填空
1.C 【解析】考查连词。as"正如,因为";since"自从,既然";while"当……时候,尽管";when"当……时候"。结合该句两个主谓结构表示的意思可知,该空应表示让步"尽管……","尽管学生们觉得这位士兵的观点很有趣,但供盲人使用的这个系统太难以致没有实用价值",故选C项。
2.B 【解析】考查让步状语从句。结合句意"现在来自世界各地的运动员都可以参加奥运会,不论他们来自哪个国家";该空引导让步状语从句,且可修饰名词natin,故用whatever或n matter what,选B项。
4.C 【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:这是一本很有意思的书,无论多贵,我都会买的。B项少了much,所以选C。
5.C 【解析】考查让步状语从句和宾语从句连接词。句意:虽然这些打招呼的方式和习俗对你好像有点陌生,但是记住,你认为很正常的东西对似乎对他人恰好是不寻常的。分析句意可知,第一空应使用让步状语连词,as引导让步状语从句时,必须倒装;分析句子成分可知,第二空引导的是remember的宾语从句,连接词充当从句的宾语,表"考虑的东西",应用连词what;that引导名词性从句时,只起连接作用,不充当句子成分。故选C。
6.D 【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意为:尽管雨下得很大,但这次足球赛未被推迟。as表示"尽管",引导让步状语从句时,可将修饰动词的副词提前致句首,从句部分用陈述语序,故选D项。
7.C 【解析】考查连词。我的教授的儿子尽管身体又弱又瘦,他还是有当一名军人的志向。be ambitius f是固定搭配,表示"有……的野心,有……的志向"。thugh引导让步状语从句。故选C。
8.B 【解析】考查连词。in case"以防万一";even thugh"即使";despite"尽管,不管";immediately"一……就……"。句意:即使我们完成我们的任务,我们也将举行一次会议来总结经验。故选B。
10.A 【解析】考查状语从句。句意:杰克逊即使患了癌症,对生活依旧乐观。A. even if"即使",引导让步状语从句;B. as lng as"只要",引导条件状语从句;C. as if "似乎",引导方式状语从句;D. ever since"自从……以来",引导时间状语从句。故选A。
III. 语法填空
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了日本发明的机器人Pepper。
1.has
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。此处介绍的是一种客观情况,故需用一般现在时;又因句子的主语Pepper为第三人称单数,故其谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
2.cmmands
【解析】考查名词复数。Pepper的胸口有一个显示器,你可以在这个显示器中输入许多不同的指令。根据空前的"many different"和提示词cmmand作"命令,指令"讲时为可数名词可知,此处应用其复数形式。
3.t
【解析】考查介词。它也可以阅读,回答问题并对人们的情感作出回应。react t..."对……作出反应",为固定用法。
4.a
【解析】考查冠词。a series f..."一系列……"为固定用法。
5.is cnnected
【解析】考查时态和语态。此处应用一般现在时表示客观情况;再结合动词cnnect与主语It(指代Pepper)之间为被动关系可知,此处应用其被动语态。
6.t crash
【解析】考查非谓语动词。特殊的安全性能使得这个软件几乎不可能崩溃。此处为"动词+宾语+宾语补足语+t d"结构。故填t crash。
7.behavi(u)r
【解析】考查词性转换。Pepper是一个学习型机器人,它在识别人类行为方面变得越来越好。分析句子结构可知,空处应用名词作宾语,故填behavi(u)r。
8.rapidly
【解析】考查词性转换。此处表示"由于其快速老龄化的人口",故应用副词rapidly"快速地,迅速地"修饰形容词aging。
9.largest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。日本是世界上最大的(机器人)市场之一。根据空前的"ne f the"和下文的"markets"可知,此处应用形容词large的最高级形式largest,构成"ne f the+形容词最高级+名词复数"结构,表示"最……的……之一"。
10.【解析】考查让步状语从句。虽然许多公司出于各种各样的目的制作机器人,但使机器人在情感层面上起作用的少之又少。所以此处应用While/Althugh/Thugh"虽然,尽管"引导让步状语从句。
题组二 体验真题
1.C 【解析】A. Once 一旦 B. If 如果 C. Althugh 尽管 D. Because因为。句意:尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔,但是他们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系,故选C。
3.C 【解析】句意:虽然科学家已经了解到很多有关宇宙的知识,但是,我们仍然不知道的还有很多。A一旦;B既然,自从;C虽然;D除非。nce和unless表示条件,since表示原因或时间;thugh表示让步或转折。这里是转折含义,故选C。
4.C 【解析】考查状语从句。句意:尽管那个森林公园很远,但是还是有许多游客每年到这里游览。根据题干信息,应该是"即使(尽管)那个森林公园很远,每年还是有很多人去参观。"由此判断,从句为让步状语从句,应选连接词even thugh。本题选C。In case用于引导目的状语从句,表示"以防"、"以免"。
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