最新高考英语考点一遍过（讲义） 考点41 阅读理解主旨大意题

这是一份最新高考英语考点一遍过（讲义） 考点41 阅读理解主旨大意题，共34页。试卷主要包含了抓基础，抓课堂，抓自习，抓阅读等内容，欢迎下载使用。
要求学生重视并充分利用每单元学案、课本上的重点词汇、短语和句型，以及每单元的综合训练，认真对其辨析、总结和归纳，查漏补缺，坚持积累，最重要的是能够在合适的语境中正确、灵活地运用。保证课堂高效。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏
一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识
学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。大量的、甚至可能是枯燥的训练是做题速度和准确度的保证。希望老师要保证所有同学从每套题中都获得最大收获。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩
得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习中，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节
一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。同时，重视复习效果，做到做一件事，有一点收获。英语成绩的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。只要做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
考点41 阅读理解主旨大意题
高考频度：★★★★★
高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确
获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：
(1) What wuld be the best title fr the text? /What is the tpic f the text?
(2) The main tpic / subject f the passage is _________.
(3) The main idea/ The general idea is/ The main theme f this passage is…
(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis n _________.
(5) What is mainly discussed in the text?
(6) What is the main idea f the passage?
(7) What’s the main pint the writer is trying t make in the last paragraph?
(8) The purpse f this passage is.
(9) Which f the fllwing statements is best supprted by the text?
(10) Which f the fllwing best summarized the passage?
(11) The passage mainly fcuses n.
从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。
怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意
——主题句定位法
文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。
但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：
1. 中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。学&科网
（2018·新课标卷I）Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther.Sme language experts believe that 10,000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisatin. the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin. Especially glbalisatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades,all have caused many Languages t disappear,and dminant languages such as English．Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6 800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages. Often spken by many peple while ht. wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers.Eurpe has nly arund 200 Languages: the Americas abut 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number (中位数)f speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the wrlds languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f, 6,800 languages are clse t extinctin(消亡), with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern (eight remaining speakers),Chiapanec in Mexic(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(tw r three)r Wadjigu in Australia (ne, with a questin-mark): nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
31. What is the min idea f the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peples lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human develpment results in fewer languages
D. Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
【答案】C
2. 主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
The famus American grilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fssey had a cmpletely new way t study grillas — she pretended t be ne f them. She cpied their actins and way f life — eating plants and getting dwn n her hands and knees t walk the way a grilla des. It was a new relatinship.
Diane Fssey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her stry was made int the ppular film Grillas in the Mist. It was a lng way frm King Kng, which is abut a grilla as a mnster (a frightening animal), and helped t shw a new idea: the real mnster is man, while the grilla is t be admired.
Tday there are thught t be arund 48,000 lwland grillas and maybe 400—450 muntain grillas in the wild. Frm the Cng in West Africa, t Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting dwn f their frest hmes.
Sme time ag, I fund in my letterbx a little magazine frm the Wrld Wide Fund fr Nature. It had tw phts side by side. One was f a yung grilla. “This is a species f mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the wrds belw it. “It is being destryed by man. We must save it fr ur wn gd.” The ther pht shwed a human baby. The wrds als read, “This is a species f mammal,” but then went n: “It is the mst destructive(破坏性的) n earth. We must retrain it fr its wn gd.”
56.The text mainly talks abut _____.
A. Diane Fssey B. the grillas in Rwanda
C. the prtectin f the grillas D. the film Grillas in the Mist
【答案】C
3. 首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
Lacrsse (曲棍球) is a ppular sprt in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it t train fr war. They invented this game befre Clumbus arrived in the New Wrld.
Peple play lacrsse utdrs. The lacrsse field is seven meters lng. At each end f the field there is a gal. The gal is a net. There are ten players n each team. Each player has a stick called “ crss”. The player hit a ball int the net as many times as pssible. Lacrsse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players ften get great fun it playing lacrsse.
There are many lacrsse clubs and lacrsse teams all ver Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrsse games n TV r listen t the lacrsse games ver the radi.
At ne time lacrsse was the natinal summer sprt in Canada. Tday it is still ppular with Canadians.
1.The passage is mainly abut ___________.
A. Hw t Play Lacrsse
B. Lacrsse in Canada
C. The Histry f Lacrsse
D. Lacrsse—A Ppular Game in Canada
4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
Handshaking, thugh a Eurpean practice is ften seen in big cities f China. Nbdy knws exactly when the practice started in Eurpe. It is said that lng lng ag in Eurpe when peple met, they shwed their unarmed (无武器的) hands t each ther as a sign f gdwill. As time went n and trade in cities grew rapidly, peple in cities began t clap each ther’s hands t make a deal r t reach an agreement. This practice was later changed int shaking hands amng friends n meeting r leaving each ther. “Let’s shake (hands) n it” smetimes means agreement reached.
D the Eurpeans shake hands wherever they g and with whmever they meet? N. Smetimes the Chinese abrad reach ut their hands t ften t be plite. It is really very implite t give yur hand when the ther party, especially when it is a wman, shws little interest in shaking hands with yu and when the meeting des nt mean anything t him r-her. Even if, fr pliteness, he hlds ut his unwilling hand in answer t yur uninvited hand, just tuch it slightly. There is generally a misunderstanding (误解) amng the Chinese that westerners are usually pen and straightfrward, while the Chinese are rather reserved (保守的) in manner. But in fact sme peple in western cuntries mre reserved than sme Chinese tday. S it is a gd idea t shake hands with a westerner nly when he shws interest in further relatins with yu.
65. The first paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. where handshaking was first practised
B. hw handshaking came abut
C. abut the relatinship between handshaking and trade
D. abut the practice f handshaking bth in Eurpe and in China
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。在文章第一段说明了握手的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。
67. The main purpse f the text is ______.
A. t tell us sme differences between the East and the West
B. t ffer us sme imprtant facts abut handshaking
C. t intrduce us t sme different custms in the West
D. t give us sme advice befre we travel abrad
【答案】B
4. 主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
The Sahara Festival is a celebratin f the very recent past. The three-day event is nt fixed t the same dates each year, but generally takes place in Nvember r December. It is well attended by turists, but even better attended by lcals.
During the pening ceremnies, after the fficial greetings frm the gvernment leaders, peple wh attend the festival begin t march smartly befre the viewing stands, and white camels transprt their riders acrss the sands. Hrsemen frm different natins display their beautiful clthes and their fine hrsemanship. One fllwing anther, grups f musicians and dancers frm all ver the Sahara take their turn t shw ff their wnderful traditinal culture. Grups f men in blue and yellw play hrns and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a grup f wmen in lng dark dresses dance with their hair: their lng, dark, shiny hair is thrwn back and frth in the wind t the rhythm f their dance.
…
67. This passage mainly tells readers_______.
A. what happens n the pening day f the Sahara Festival
B. hw peple celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival
C. what takes place at the clsing ceremnies f the Sahara Festival
D. hw animals race n the first and the last days f the Sahara Festival
【答案】A
怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题
——高度概括法
对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？
首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体
现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。学&科网
其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，
仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。
最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINA issued the first set f stamps depicting the tp 128 Chinese family names n Thursday Nv. 18th 2004 in Beijing.
话题：Stamps
控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set f stamps depicting the tp 128 Chinese family names
标题：China issued 1st set f stamps n family names
(中原名校豫南九校2016—2017学年高三第三次联考) August 8, was Earth Oversht Day. Calculated annually by the envirnmental advcacy(支持，拥护) grup, Glbal Ftprint Netwrk (GFN), it is the day when human has cnsumed all the natural resurces — prduce, meat, fish, water, and wd — that ur planet can regenerate(再生) in a single year. This means that fr the rest f 2016, we will be using natural resurces that are impssible t replace.
Fr thse that are a little cnfused, it is similar t spending yur entire year’s allwance by August and then brrwing mney frm friends, knwing fully well that yu cannt repay the lan. GFN says that the same thing happens in the case f the Earth.
The date f Earth Oversht Day varies each year. In an ideal, fully sustainable wrld, we shuld nly spend what we have. This means that Earth Oversht Day wuld fall n December 31, r perhaps even spill int the fllwing year, indicating that we are saving sme resurces fr a rainy day. That did happen in 1961, when we nly cnsumed three-quarters f what the planet prduced.
Unfrtunately, the day has been ging up rapidly since 2014 when it fell n August 19. In 2015, it was August 13, and this year, the earliest s far — August 8! The nly way t sustain this demand wuld be t have 1.6 earths, which as we all knw, is nt pssible.
Frtunately, experts say that the situatin is nt as grim as it sunds. Many cuntries are already taking steps t reduce carbn emissins, which accunts fr 60% f ur eclgical ftprint, by switching t slar r wind-generated pwer.
Individuals can als help by eating less meat, walking, biking, r taking public transprtatin, as well as adpting the three R’s: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. If we all wrk tgether, we can help push back Earth Oversht Day t December 31, r even beynd!
27. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. A Warning: Earth Oversht Day
B. A Celebratin: Earth Oversht Day
C. A Reminder: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
D. An Advertisement: Glbal Ftprint Netwrk
【答案】 A
【解析】今年的Earth Oversht Day是八月八号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可再生资源。本文通过介绍Earth Oversht Day告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最佳标题应是A项。
题组一（2018年高考真题）
Passage1(2018·新课标卷I，B)
Gd Mrning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle — shwing families hw t prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget.
In Save Mney: Gd Fd, she visits a different hme each week and with the help f chef Matt Tebbutt ffers tp tips n hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day. And the Gd Mrning Britain presenter says she’s been able t put a lt f what she’s leant int practice in her wn hme, preparing meals fr sns, Sam,14, Finn,13, and Jack, 11.
"We lve Mexican churrs, s I buy them n my phne frm my lcal Mexican takeaway restaurant," she explains. "I pay £5 fr a prtin(一份), but Matt makes them fr 26p a prtin, because they are flur, water, sugar and il. Everybdy can buy takeaway fd, but smetimes we’re nt aware hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves. "
The eight-part series(系列节目), Save Mney: Gd Fd, fllws in the ftsteps f ITV’s Save Mney: Gd Health, which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.
With fd ur biggest weekly husehld expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tnight’s Easter special they cme t the aid f a family in need f sme delicius inspiratin n a budget. The team transfrms the family’s lng weekend f celebratin with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
24. What d we knw abut Susanna Reid?
A. She enjys embarrassing her guests.B. She has started a new prgramme.
C. She dislikes wrking early in the mrning. D. She has had a tight budget fr her family.
25. Hw des Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A. He buys cking materials fr her.B. He prepares fd fr her kids.
C. He assists her in cking matters.D. He invites guest families fr her.
26. What des the authr intend t d in paragraph 4?
A. Summarize the previus paragraphs.B. Prvide sme advice fr the readers.
C. Add sme backgrund infrmatin.D. Intrduce a new tpic fr discussin.
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB. Balancing Our Daily Diet
C. Making yurself a Perfect ChefD. Cking Well fr Less
Passage2(2018·新课标卷II，D)
We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank r n an airplane, surrunded by peple wh are, like us, deeply fcused n their smartphnes r, wrse, struggling with the uncmfrtable silence.
What’s the prblem? It’s pssible that we all have cmprmised cnversatinal intelligence. It’s mre likely that nne f us start a cnversatin because it’s awkward and challenging, r we think it’s annying and unnecessary. But the next time yu find yurself amng strangers, cnsider that small talk is wrth the truble. Experts say it’s an invaluable scial practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimprtant is easy, but we can’t frget that deep relatinships wuldn’t
even exist if it weren’t fr casual cnversatin. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) fr scial cmmunicatin, says Bernard Carducci, directr f the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Sutheast. ＂Almst every great lve stry and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂ he explains. ＂The key t successful small talk is learning hw t cnnect with thers, nt just cmmunicate with them.＂
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, assciate prfessr f psychlgy at UBC, invited peple n their way int a cffee shp. One grup was asked t seek ut an interactin(互动) with its waiter; the ther, t speak nly when necessary. The results shwed that thse wh chatted with their server reprted significantly higher psitive feelings and a better cffee shp experience. ＂It’s nt that talking t the waiter is better than talking t yur husband,＂ says Dunn. ＂But interactins with peripheral(边缘的) members f ur scial netwrk matter fr ur well-being als.＂
Dunn believes that peple wh reach ut t strangers feel a significantly greater sense f belnging, a bnd with thers. Carducci believes develping such a sense f belnging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis f gd manners,＂ he says.
32. What phenmenn is described in the first paragraph?
A. Addictin t smartphnes.
B. Inapprpriate behaviurs in public places.
C. Absence f cmmunicatin between strangers.
D. Impatience with slw service.
33. What is imprtant fr successful small talk accrding t Carducci?
A. Shwing gd manners. B. Relating t ther peple.
C. Fcusing n a tpic. D. Making business deals.
34. What des the cffee-shp study suggest abut small talk?
A. It imprves family relatinships. B. It raises peple’s cnfidence.
C. It matters as much as a frmal talk. D. It makes peple feel gd.
35. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Cnversatin Cunts B. Ways f Making Small Talk
C. Benefits f Small Talk D. Uncmfrtable Silence
Passage3(2018·新课标卷III，B)
Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River. Over 300 years its ppulatin grew gradually frm 800 peple t 8 millin. But nt all cities develp slwly ver a lng perid f time. Bm twns grw frm nthing almst vernight. In 1896, Dawsn, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gld was discvered there in 1897, and tw years later, it was ne f the largest cities in the West, with a ppulatin f 30,000.
Dawsn did nt have any f the natural cnveniences f cities like Lndn r Paris. Peple went there fr gld. They travelled ver snw-cvered muntains and sailed hundreds f miles up icy rivers. The path t Dawsn was cvered with thirty feet f wet snw that culd fall withut warming. An avalanche(雪崩) nce clsed the path, killing 63 peple. Fr many wh made it t Dawsn, hwever, the rewards were wrth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.
But n matter hw rich they were, Dawsn was never cmfrtable. Necessities like fd and wd were very expensive. But sn, the gld that Dawsn depended n had all been fund. The city was crwded with disappinted peple with n interest in settling dwn, and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme. Tday, peple still cme and g — t see where the Canadian gld rush happened. Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City — its present ppulatin is 762.
24. What attracted the early settlers t New Yrk City?
A. Its business culture.
B. Its small ppulatin.
C. Its gegraphical psitin.
D. Its favurable climate.
25. What d we knw abut thse wh first dug fr gld in Dawsn?
A. Tw-thirds f them stayed there.
B. One ut f five peple gt rich.
C. Almst everyne gave up.
D. Half f them died.
26. What was the main reasn fr many peple t leave Dawsn?
A. They fund the city t crwded.
B. They wanted t try their luck elsewhere.
C. They were unable t stand the winter.
D. They were shrt f fd.
27. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The rise and fall f a city.
B. The gld rush in Canada.
C. Jurneys int the wilderness.
D. Turism in Dawsn.
Passage4(2018·北京卷，A)
My First Marathn（马拉松）
A mnth befre my first marathn, ne f my ankles was injured and this meant nt running fr tw weeks, leaving me nly tw weeks t train. Yet, I was determined t g ahead.
I remember back t my 7th year in schl. In my first P.E. class, the teacher required us t run laps and then hit a sftball. I didn’t d either well. He later infrmed me that I was ＂nt athletic＂.
The idea that I was ＂nt athletic＂ stuck with me fr years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, nt abut cmpetitin r whether r nt I was athletic. It was all abut the battle against my wn bdy and mind. A test f wills!
The night befre my marathn, I dreamt that I culdn’t even find the finish line. I wke up sweating and nervus, but ready t prve smething t myself.
Shrtly after crssing the start line, my she laces(鞋带) became untied. S I stpped t readjust. Nt the start I wanted!
At mile 3, I passed a sign: ＂GO FOR IT, RUNNERS!＂
By mile 17, I became ut f breath and the nce injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the curse walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21, I was starving!
As I apprached mile 23, I culd see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clck sunding at 4 a.m. r questined my expenses n running.
I was ne f the final runners t finish. But I finished! And I gt a medal. In fact, I gt the same medal as the ne that the guy wh came in first place had.
Determined t be myself, mve frward, free f shame and wrldly labels(世俗标签), I can nw call myself a ＂marathn winner＂.
36. A mnth befre the marathn, the authr ____________.
A. was well trainedB. felt scared
C. made up his mind t runD. lst hpe
37. Why did the authr mentin the P.E. class in his 7th year?
A. T acknwledge the supprt f his teacher.
B. T amuse the readers with a funny stry.
C. T shw he was nt talented in sprts.
D. T share a precius memry.
38. Hw was the authr’s first marathn?
A. He made it.B. He quit halfway.
C. He gt the first prize.D. He walked t the end.
39. What des the stry mainly tell us?
A. A man wes his success t his family supprt.
B. A winner is ne with a great effrt f will.
C. Failure is the mther f success.
D. One is never t ld t learn.
题组二（2017年高考真题）
Passage1(2017·新课标卷I，B)
Sme f the wrld’s mst famus musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans t celebrate the first annual Internatinal Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin) recently set April 30 as a day t raise awareness f jazz music, its significance, and its ptential as a unifying(联合) vice acrss cultures.
Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins.
It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser fr jazz, Mran hpes t widen the audience fr jazz, make the music mre accessible, and preserve its histry and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s nt really a part f the American appetite,” Mran tells Natinal Public Radi’s reprter Neal Cnan. “What I’m hping t accmplish is that my generatin and yunger start t recnsider and understand that jazz is nt black and write anymre. It’s actually clr, and it’s actually digital.”
Mran says ne f the prblems with jazz tday is that the entertainment aspect f the music has been lst. “The music can’t be presented tday the way it was in 1908 r 1958. It has t cntinue t mve, because the way the wrld wrks is nt the same,” says Mran.
Last year, Mran wrked n a prject that arranged Fats Waller’s music fr a dance party, “just t kind f put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is cncert music,” says Mran. “Fr me, it’s the recntextualizatin. In music, where des the emtin(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) n hw talk abut urselves and hw smething as abstract as a Charlie Parker recrd gets us int a dialgue abut ur emtins and ur thughts? Smetimes we lse sight that the music has a wider cntext,” says Mran, “s I want t cntinue thse dialgues. Thse are the things I want t fster.”
28. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as Internatinal Jazz Day?
A. T remember the birth f jazz.
B. T prtect cultural diversity.
C. T encurage peple t study music.
D. T recgnize the value f jazz.
29. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Jazz becming mre accessible.
B. The prductin f jazz grwing faster.
C. Jazz being less ppular with the yung.
D. The jazz audience becming larger.
30. What can we infer abut Mran’s pinin n jazz?
A. It will disappear gradually.
B. It remains black and white.
C. It shuld keep up with the times.
D. It changes every 50 years.
31. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Explring the Future f Jazz
B. The Rise and Fall f Jazz
C. The Stry f a Jazz Musician
D. Celebrating the Jazz Day
Passage2(2017·新课标II卷，C)
Terrafugia Inc. said Mnday that its new flying car has cmpleted its first flight, bringing the cmpany clser t its gal f selling the flying car within the next year. The vehicle —named the Transitin – has tw seats, fur wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car. The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the air. It flies using a 23-galln tank f gas and burns 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.
Arund 100 peple have already put dwn a $10,000 depsit t get a Transitin when they g n sale, and thse numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia intrduces the Transitin t the public later this week at the New Yrk Aut Shw. But dn’t expect it t shw up in t many driveways. It’s expected t cst $279,000.And it wn’t help if yu’re stuck in traffic. The car needs a runway.
Inventrs have been trying t make flying cars since the 1930s, accrding t Rbert Mann, an airline industry expert. But Mann thinks Terrafugia has cme clser than anyne t making the flying car a reality. The gvernment has already permitted the cmpany t use special materials t make it easier fr the vehicle t fly. The Transitin is nw ging thrugh crash tests t make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviatin Administratin’s decisin five years ag t create a separate set f standards fr light sprt aircraft, which are lwer than thse fr pilts f larger planes. Terrafugia
says an wner wuld need t pass a test and cmplete 20 hurs f flying time t be able t fly the Transitin, a requirement pilts wuld find relatively easy t meet.
28. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. The basic data f the Transitin.
B. The advantages f flying cars.
C. The ptential market fr flying cars.
C. The designers f the Transitin.
29. Why is the Transitin unlikely t shw up in t many driveways?
A. It causers traffic jams.
B. It is difficult t perate.
C. It is very expensive.
D. It burns t much fuel.
30. What is the gvernment’s attitude t the develpment f the flying car?
A. Cautius B. Favrable.
C. Ambiguus. D. Disapprving.
31. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Flying Car at Aut Shw B. The Transitin’s First Flight
C.Pilts’ Dream Cming True D. Flying Car Clser t Reality
Passage3(2017·天津卷)
This mnth, Germany’s transprt minister, Alexander Dbrindt, prpsed the first set f rules fr autnmus vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They wuld define the driver’s rle in such cars and gvern hw such cars perfrm in crashes where lives might be lst.
The prpsal attempts t deal with what sme call the “death valley” f autnmus vehicles: the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future.
Dbrindt wants three things: that a car always chses prperty(财产) damage ver persnal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based n age r race; and that if a human remves his r her hands frm the driving wheel — t check email, say — the car’s maker is respnsible if there is a crash.
“The change t the rad traffic law will permit fully autmatic driving,” says Dbrindt. It will put fully driverless cars n an equal legal fting t human drivers, he says.
Wh is respnsible fr the peratin f such vehicles is nt clear amng car makers, cnsumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest ne f them all,” says Natasha Merat at the University f Leeds, UK.
An assumptin behind UK insurance fr driverless cars, intrduced earlier this year, insists that a human “be watchful and mnitring the rad” at every mment.
But that is nt what many peple have in mind when thinking f driverless cars. “When yu say ‘driverless cars’, peple expect driverless cars.” Merat says. “Yu knw — n driver.”
Because f the cnfusin, Merat thinks sme car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully autmated withut peratin.
Driverless cars may end up being a frm f public transprt rather than vehicles yu wn, says Ryan Cal at Stanfrd University, Califrnia. That is happening in the UK and Singapre, where gvernment-prvided driverless vehicles are being launched.
That wuld g dwn prly in the US, hwever. “The idea that the gvernment wuld take ver driverless cars and treat them as a public gd wuld get abslutely nwhere here,” says Cal.
46. What des the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. A place where cars ften break dwn.
B. A case where passing a law is impssible.
C. An area where n driving is permitted.
D. A situatin where drivers’ rle is nt clear.
47. The prpsal put frward by Dbrindt aims t __________.
A. stp peple frm breaking traffic rules
B. help prmte fully autmatic driving
C. prtect drivers f all ages and races
D. prevent serius prperty damage
48. What d cnsumers think f the peratin f driverless cars?
A. It shuld get the attentin f insurance cmpanies.
B. It shuld be the main cncern f law makers.
C. It shuld nt cause deadly traffic accidents.
D. It shuld invlve n human respnsibility.
49. Driverless vehicles in public transprt see n bright future in _________.
A. SingapreB. the UK
C. the USD. Germany
50. What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A. Autnmus Driving: Whse Liability?
B. Fully Autmatic Cars: A New Breakthrugh
C. Autnmus Vehicles: Driver Remved!
D. Driverless Cars: Rt f Rad Accidents
题组三（2016年高考真题）
Passage1(2016·新课标全国卷I)
The meaning f silence varies amng cultural grups. Silences may be thughtful, r they may be empty when a persn has nthing t say. A silence in a cnversatin may als shw stubbrnness, uneasiness,r wrry. Silence may be viewed by sme cultural grups as extremely uncmfrtable; therefre attempts may be made t fill every gap(间隙) with cnversatin. Persns in ther cultural grups value silence and view it as necessary fr understanding a persn’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part f cmmunicating amng peple, just as sme traditinal Chinese and Thai persns d. Therefre, when a persn frm ne f these cultures is speaking and
suddenly stps, what may be implied(暗示) is that the persn wants the listener t cnsider what has been said befre cntinuing. In these cultures, silence is a call fr reflectin.
Other cultures may use silence in ther ways, particularly when dealing with cnflicts amng peple r in relatinships f peple with different amunts f pwer. Fr example, Russian, French, and Spanish persns may use silence t shw agreement between parties abut the tpic udner discussin. Hwever, Mexicans may use silence when instructins are given by a persn in authrity rather than be rude t that persn by arguing with him r her. In still anther use, persns in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign f respect, particularly t an elder r a persn in authrity.
Nurses and ther care-givers need t be aware f the pssible meanings f silence when they cme acrss the persnal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses shuld recgnize their wn persnal and cultural cnstructin f silence s that a patient’s silence is nt interrupted t early r allwed t g n unnecessarily. A nurse wh understands the healing(治愈) value f silence can use this understanding t assist in the care f patients frm their wn and frm ther cultures.
What des the authr say abut silence in cnversatins?
It implies anger.
It prmtes friendship.
It is culture-specific.
It is cntent-based.
Which f the fllwing peple might regard silence as a call fr careful thught?
The Chinese.
The French.
The Mexicans.
The Russians.
What des the authr advise nurses t d abut silence?
Let it cntinue as the patient pleases.
Break it while treating patients.
Evaluate its harm t patients.
Make use f its healing effects.
What may be the best title fr the text?
A. Sund and Silence
B. What It Means t Be Silent
C. Silence t Native Americans
D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gld
Passage2(2016·新课标全国卷 = 3 \* ROMAN II)
Reading can be a scial activity. Think f the peple wh belng t bk grups. They chse bks t read and then meet t discuss them. Nw, the website BkCrssing.cm turns the page n the traditinal idea f a bk grup.
Members g n the site and register the bks they wn and wuld like t share. BkCrssing prvides an identificatin number t stick inside the bk. Then the persn leaves it in a public place, hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it.
Bruce Pedersn, the managing directr f BkCrssing, says, “The tw things that change yur life are the peple yu meet and bks yu read. BkCrssing cmbines bth.”
Members leave bks n park benches and buses, in train statins and cffee shps. Whever finds their bk will g t the site and recrd where they fund it.
Peple wh find a bk can als leave a jurnal entry describing what they thught f it. E-mails are then sent t the BkCrssers t keep them updated abut where their bks have been fund. Bruce Pedersn says the idea is fr peple nt t be selfish by keeping a bk t gather dust n a shelf at hme.
BkCrssing is part f a trend amng peple wh want t get back t the “real” and nt the virtual(虚拟). The site nw has mre than ne millin members in mre than ne hundred thirty-five cuntries.
9. Why des the authr mentin bk grups in the first paragraph?
A. T explain what they are.
B. T intrduce BkCrssing.
C. T stress the imprtance f reading.
D. T encurage readers t share their ideas.
10. What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The bk.B. An adventure.
C. A public place.D. The identificatin number.
11. What will a BkCrsser d with a bk after reading it?
A. Meet ther readers t discuss it.
B. Keep it safe in his bkcase.
C. Pass it n t anther reader.
D. Mail it back t its wner.
12. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tur
B. Electrnic Bks: A new Trend
C. A Bk Grup Brings Traditin Back
D. A Website Links Peple thrugh Bks
Passage3(2016·四川卷)
A warm drink f milk befre bed has lng been the best chice fr thse wanting a gd night’s sleep. But nw a study has fund it really des help peple nd ff—if it is milked frm a cw at night.
Researchers have discvered that “night milk” cntains mre melatnin(褪黑激素), which has been prven t help peple feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.
The study, by researchers frm Seul, Suth Krea, invlved mice being fed with dried milk pwder made frm cws milked bth during the day and at night.
Thse given night milk, which cntained 10 times the amunt f melatnin, were less active and less anxius than thse fed with the milk cllected during daytime, accrding t the study published in The Jurnal f Medicinal Fd.
Night milk quickened the start f sleep and caused the mice t sleep lnger.
While the effect f cws milk harvested at different time has nt been tested n humans up t nw, taking melatnin drugs has been suggested t thse wh are struggling t fall asleep at night.
Previus studies have als indicated that milk can be excellent fr helping sleep because f the calcium cntent, which helps peple t relax.
Milk is als sugar-free and additive-free with nutritinists recmmending skimmed milk as the best chice befre bed as it is the least fattening. The mre fat yu take in befre bedtime, the greater burden yu will put n yur bdy at night.
22. Accrding t the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.
A. started sleep mre easily B. were mre anxius
C. were less active D. wke up later
23. Which f the fllwing is true f melatnin accrding t the text?
A. It’s been tested n mice fr ten years
B. It can make peple mre energetic
C. It exists in milk in great amunt
D. It’s used in sleeping drugs
24. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Night Milk and Sleep B. Fat Sugar and Health
C. An Experiment n MiceD. Milk Drinking and Health
25.Hw des the authr supprt the theme f the text?
A. By giving examples.B. By stating arguments.
C. By explaining statistical data. D. By prviding research results.
题组四（名校模拟题）
Passage 1(2018届河南省许昌平顶山高三联考)
Persuasin is t cnvince smene t agree with yu, just like art which als calls fr special techniques t accmplish. Accrding t the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tls f persuasin: eths, paths and lgs.
Eths is a speaker’s way f cnvincing the audience that he is trustwrthy, hnest and reliable. One cmmn way a speaker can develp eths is by explaining hw much experience r educatin he has in the field. After all, yu’re mre likely t listen t advice abut hw t take care f yur teeth frm a dentist than a fireman.
Paths is a speaker’s way f cnnecting with an audience's emtins. Fr example, a plitician wh is trying t cnvince an audience t vte fr him might say that he alne can save the cuntry frm a terrible war. These wrds are intended t fill the audience with fear, thus making them want t vte fr him. Similarly, an animal charity might shw an audience pictures f injured dgs and cats t make the viewers feel pity, s they will be mre likely t dnate mney.
Lgs is the use f facts, statistics r ther evidence t supprt yur argument. An audience will believe yu if yu have cnvincing data t back up yur claims. Presenting this evidence is much mre persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.
Althugh eths, paths and lgs all have their strengths, they are ften mst effective when used tgether. S, the next time yu listen t a speech, watch a cmmercial r listen t a friend try t cnvince yu t lend him sme mney, be n the lkut fr these ancient Greek tls f persuasin.
1.What is the purpse f persuasin?
A. T advise smebdy t supprt yu.
B. T help smene have special skill
C. T cnvince smebdy t realize his aim.
D. T talk smene int being hnest.
2.What is a speaker’s way f cnvincing the audience t trust him?
A. Paths.B. Eths.C. Lgs.D. Educatin.
3.What d a plitician and an animal charity have in cmmn?
A. Bth prevent themselves frm being hurt.
B. Bth save peple frm terrible wars.
C. Bth make the audience supprt them.
D. Bth persuade peple t dnate mney.
4.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Cnvince the AudienceB. Three Basic Tls f Persuasin
C. Believe MeD. Strength f Persuasin
Passage 2(2018届河北省衡水中学高三四模)
James Grss, a psychlgy prfessr at Stanfrd University, has a 13-year-ld daughter wh lves math and science. “It hasn’t ccurred t her yet that’s unusual,” he says. “But I knw in the next cuple f years, it will.”
She’s already being pulled ut f class t d advanced things with a cuple f ther kids, wh are guys. And as smene wh studies human emtin fr a prcessin, Grss says, “I knw as time ges n, she will feel increasingly lnely as a girl wh’s interested in math and science, and be at risk f narrwing her chices in life befre finding ut hw far she culd have gne.’’
Grss’ cncern clearly shws what has been a tuchy subject in the wrld f science fr a lng time: Why are there still s few wmen in science, and hw might that affect what we learn frm research?
Wmen nw make up half the natinal wrkfrce, earn mre cllege and graduate degrees than men, and by sme estimates represent the largest single ecnmic frce in the wrld. Yet the gender gap in science persists, t a greater degree than in ther prfessins, particularly in high-end, math-intensive fields such as cmputer science and engineering.
Accrding t US Census Bureau statistics, wmen in fields cmmnly referred t as STEM (science, technlgy, engineering, mathematics) made up 7 percent f that wrkfrce in 1970, a figure that had jumped t 23 percent by 1990. But the rise essentially stpped there. Tw decades later, in 2011, wmen made up 26 percent f the science wrkfrce.
1.Accrding t James Grss, in the near future his daughter may _________ .
A. becme a great scientist
B. feel lnely and have fewer chices
C.be pulled ut f class with sme guys
D. learn math and science better and better
2.We can learn frm the text that_________ .
A. wmen are cleverer than men in cllege
B. men represent the largest single ecnmic frce
C. wmen make up mre than 50% f the natinal wrkfrce
D. the number f wmen graduating frm cllege is larger than that f men
3.Hw des the authr develp the last paragraph?
A. By prviding examples.B. By making cmments.
C. By fllwing time rder.D. By explaining the prcess.
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Why It Is Imprtant t Get Mre Wmen Int Science
B. James Grss, Cnfusin Abut His daughter
C. Situatin f Wmen in the Whle Cuntry
D. Future f wmen in the Wrkfrce
Passage 3(2017届西安市第一中学高三模考)
The Taj Mahal (泰姬陵)is cnsidered t be ne f the mst beautiful buildings in the wrld and the finest example f the late style f Indian architecture (建筑).It is at Agra in nrthern India. It lies beside the River Jumna in the middle f gardens with quiet pls.
The Taj Mahal was built by the Mgul emperr (皇帝) Shah Jehan, wh ruled India in the seventeenth century. It is in memry f his favrite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, knwn as Mumtaz Mahal, wh died in 1631. The building, which was cmpleted between 1632 and 1638，was designed by a lcal Muslim architect(建筑师),Ustad Ahmad Lahri. The whle building, with gardens and gateway structures, was cmpleted in 1643. The Taj Mahal stands at ne end f the garden tmb with marble (大理石)path. The rm is sftly lighted by the light that passes thrugh duble screens f carved marble set high in the walls. The building nw is kept in gd cnditin.
It tk 22 years t build the Taj Mahal. Shah Jehan planned a similar building, but in black instead f white, t lie n the ther side f the river. But befre it culd be built. Shah Jehan was imprisned (监禁)by his sn and buried next t his wife in the Taj Mahal.
1. The Taj Mahal was built fr________.
A. MumtazB. Shah
C. either Mumtaz r ShahD. bth Mumtaz and Shah
2. Why d yu think Shah Jehan was buried next t his wife?
A. His wn tmb hadn’t been built.
B. He hped t be buried there.
C. King and Queen shuld be buried tgether.
D. He liked Mumtaz all his life.
3. The passage mainly tells us________.
A. why the Taj Mahal was built
B. the lve stry between Shah and Mumtaz
C. sme infrmatin abut the Taj Mahal
D. the Taj Mahal―the pride f Indians
4. Frm the passage we can learn that________.
A. the Taj Mahal lks mre beautiful than befre
B. the Taj Mahal desn’t exist nw
C. the Taj Mahal has cmpletely changed
D. the Taj Mahal has becme a place f interest
Passage 4(2017届)
Nwadays, csmetics(化妆品) are an imprtant part f the life and culture f tday.
Csmetics can cver up the deficiencies f nature. Regular use f a bdy ltin will keep the skin sft and supple. Whatever prduct yu use, start with a fundatin, making sure the clr blends with yur skin. Sme wmen als use a cncealer r primer t hide spts and flaws r blemishes f the skin.
Nt nly as an act f curtesy(礼貌),but als t lk gd, wmen spend time and energy--plishing their appearances. At the very least, lipsticks and fundatins can be fund in any wman’s purse these days. It is nt enugh; wmen always want t be prettier, yunger, and mre attractive. That is why csmetic prducts are s ppular amng female shppers.
In recent years, a new trend has emerged. Cmpanies began prducing prducts such asclgne, shaving cream, and shwer gel fr ur male cunterparts. The demand increased as men paid mre attentin t their skins and images. Several manufacturers have devted part f their prduct lines fr the needs f this new grup f custmers.
Untuched markets are still enrmus. With affrdable price tags, skin care, makeup, and fragrance(香味) will cntinue t expand their user base t preteens and senir citizens in bth genders.
1.Why csmetic prducts are s ppular amng female shppers?
A. T in search f ppularity and extravagance.
B. Csmetics play a rle in keeping the skin sft and supple.
C. meets the needs f the csmetic market.
D. The need fr scial etiquette mainly fr man.
2.The predicate f the underline sentence is＂_________＂.
A. useB. regular use
C. will keepD. keep
3.The main idea in the last secnd paragraphs is_______.
A. The lve fr beauty is cmmn t all men.
B. With the develpment f sciety, men als pay attentin t use csmetics.
C. It is cntrversial fr men t use csmetics.
D.A gentleman makes mney in right way.
4.Which statement abut the article is incrrect?
A. Untuched markets in wmen using csmetics are still enrmus.
B. Men als want t be prettier, yunger, and mre attractive.
C. citizens will shp skin care with affrdable price.
D. Skin care regardless f men and wmen.
题组一
Passage 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一档英国系列电视节目，给观众介绍如何减少食物浪费以及如何以较少的预算做出美味佳肴。
24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段知道Gd Mrning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used t grilling guests n the sfa every mrning, but she is cking up a strm in her latest rle可知，她开辟了一个新的节目。故选B。
26.C 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第四段中的which gave viewers advice n hw t get value frm the vast range f health prducts n the market.可知，Save Mney: Gd Fd节目是Save Mney: Gd Health节目之后，给观众一些建议：如何从众多的市场上的健康产品中获取价值。故选C。
27.D 【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章的整体内容可知，文章作者一直在讲如何用较少的钱做出好的食物。根据文章中的prepare delicius and nutritius meals n a tight budget. 在资金紧张的情况下，准备可口且有营养的饭菜； hw t reduce fd waste, while preparing recipes fr under £5 per family a day. 如何减少食物浪费同时给每日生活费低于5英镑的每个家庭准备食谱； hw cheaply we can make this fd urselves. 我们自己做这种食物有多便宜； less expensive but still tasty recipes.不贵可仍然可口的食谱。可以推知D正确。
Passage2
【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。在当今社会，人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机，或与不舒服的沉默抗争，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的，闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分，而且也有很多好处。
32.C 【解析】主旨大意题。题干问的是：第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合（比如在电梯里，在银行排队，或在飞机上）人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机，或者更糟糕的是，与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知，陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为：沉迷于智能手机。B项意为：在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为：陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为：对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。学&科网
34.D 【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是：咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知，那些与服务员聊天的人，有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知，D项符合题意。A项意为：闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为：闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为：闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为：闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。
35.C 【解析】主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象（公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机，陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流），接着分析了这一问题的原因，接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究，最后得出结论，闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为：谈话很重要。B项意为：闲聊的方法。C项意为：闲聊的好处。D项意为：不舒服的沉默。故选C项。
Passage3
【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawsn这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
24.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a gd reasn fr being where they are, like a nearby prt r river. Peple settle in these places because they are easy t get t and naturally suited t cmmunicatins and trade. New Yrk City, fr example, is near a large harbur at the muth f the Hudsn River.可知，人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便，便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口，故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置，故C正确。
25.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 peple wh dug fr gld, 4,000 gt rich. Abut 100 f these stayed rich men fr the rest f their lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故B正确。
26.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gld discveries in Alaska, they left Dawsn City as quickly as they had cme.可知，人们离开Dawsn的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。
27.A 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出Dawsn这一城市的兴起，第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕Dawsn这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。
Passage4
【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。
38.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第10段I was ne f the final runners t finish. But I finished! And I gt a medal. In fact, I gt the same medal as the ne that the guy wh came in first place had. 可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。故选A。
39.B 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段Determined t be myself, mve frward, free f shame and wrldly labels(世俗标签), I can nw call myself a ＂marathn winner＂. 可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。故选B。
题组二
Passage1
【文章大意】为提高人们对于爵士乐的重视程度，UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日，然而这一行为还是没能挽救爵士乐。Jasn Mran认为时代在进步，为了将老一代人和年轻一代人连接起来，爵士乐也应该不断进步。
28.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的UNESCO( United Natins Educatinal, Scientific and Cultural Organizatin) recently set April 30 as a day t raise awareness f jazz music, its significance, and its ptential as a unifying(联合) vice acrss cultures.可知UNESCO把4月30日定为国际爵士日是为了让人们重视爵士乐，意识到它的重要性以及它作为连接各文化的纽带之声的潜在功能，也就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐的价值。故选D。
29.C 推理判断题。根据前文Despite the celebratins, thugh, in the U.S. the jazz audience cntinues t shrink and grw lder, and the music has failed t cnnect with yunger generatins可知尽管UNESCO为爵士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接起来。再结合It’s Jasn Mran’s jb t help change that(是Jasn Mran的工作是帮助改变那一情况)可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。
31.A 标题选择题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日，但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则它将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文主要是探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。
Passage2
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了Terrafugia公司研制出了飞车，试飞成功，预计将于明年进行销售。本文主要对飞车的历史由来及其构架进行了介绍。
28.A 【解析】段落大意题。根据“The vehicle-named the Transitin – has tw seats wheels and wings that fld up s it can be driven like a car. The Transitin, which flew at 1,400 feet fr eight minutes last mnth, can reach arund 70 miles per hur n the rad and 115 in the flies using a 23-galln tank f gas and bums 5 gallns per hur in the air. On the grund, it gets 35 miles per galln.”可知选A。
29.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据“But dn’t expect it t shw up in t many driveways. It’s expected t cst
$279,000”可知，因为Transitin 的价格较高，所以不太可能在太多的马路上出现。故选C。
30.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据“he gvernment has already permitted the cmpany t use special materials t
make it easier fr the vehicle t fly”以及“Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviatin Administratin’s decisin five years ag t create a separate set f standards fr light sprt aircraf”可知，政府对于飞车的研发是比较支持的。故选B。
31.D 【解析】标题归纳题。浏览全文，主要从飞车的试飞成功、飞车的构架以及多年以前人们对飞车的
设想至今成为现实展开说明。故选D。
Passage3
【文章大意】这是一篇新闻报道。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。
46.D 【解析】根据第二段的句子the grey area between semi-autnmus and fully driverless cars that culd delay the driverless future可知选D。
49. C 【解析】根据最后一段That wuld g dwn prly in the US, hwever. “The idea that the gvernment wuld take ver driverless cars and treat them as a public gd wuld get abslutely nwhere here,” says Cal.可知选C。
50. A 【解析】通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选A。
题组三
Passage1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。
32.C 细节理解题。根据文章首段首句The meaning f silence varies amng cultural grups 可知，作者认为沉默是有文化特性的。
33.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中 what may be implied is that the persn wants the listener t cnsider what has been said befre cntinuing可知中国人认为谈话时人们沉默是在思考。
34.D 细节理解题。根据末段末句A nurse wh understands the healing value f silence can use this understanding t assist in the care f patients 可知，作者建议护士要用沉默来治疗病人。故选D 。
35.B 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了在不同文化背景下谈话期间的沉默的不同含义，由此判断B选项可以概括文章内容。故选B 。
Passage2
【文章大意】本文属于说明文，介绍了BkCrssing.cm所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及具体过程。
29.B 目的意图题。作者在第一段中提出读书也是一种社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一起阅读讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解。接着在最后一句提出BkCrssing.cm,说明作者提到读书小组的目的正是为了介绍网站BkCrssing.cm。故B正确。
30.A 代词指代题。根据本句“... hping that the bk will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader wh finds it”可知，那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“the bk”。故A正确。
31.C 推理判断题。根据文章第五段最后一句“... the idea is fr peple nt t be selfish by keeping a bk t gather dust n a shelf at hme”可知，让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站BkCrssing.cm的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传递下去。故C项正确。
32.D 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知BkCrssing.cm把改变人生的两种事物：遇到的人和读过的书联系在一起。D项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。
Passage3
【文章大意】本文介绍了晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系。
23. D 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“taking melatnin drugs has been suggested t thse wh are struggling t fall asleep at night”可知D项符合题意。
24. A 主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文讲的是晚上喝牛奶和睡眠之间的关系。故A项符合题意。
25.D推理判断题。根据前三段中的But nw a study, Researchers have discvered that 和The study, by researchers frm Seul, Suth Krea可知作者是通过提供研究结果来支持文章主题的。故选D。
题组四
Passage1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了源自于古希腊且一直沿用至今的说服他人的艺术，其中包括eths、paths、lgs三种方式以及用这三种方式说服他人在各个领域应用的可能性。
1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句话“Persuasin is t cnvince smene t agree with yu, just like art which als calls fr special techniques t accmplish.”可知，说服是为了建议人们支持你。故选A。
2.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Eths is a speaker’s way f cnvincing the audience that he is trustwrthy, hnest and reliable. One cmmn way a speaker can develp eths is by explaining hw much experience r educatin he has in the field.”可知，演讲者说服听众相信他的方法是Eths，故选B。
3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Fr example, a plitician wh is trying t cnvince an audience t vte fr him might say that he alne can save the cuntry frm aterrible war.”和最后一句“Similarly, an animal charity might shw an audience pictures f injured dgs and cats t make the viewers feel pity, s they will be mre likely t dnate mney.”可知，政治家可能会说他会独自一人从可拍的战争中挽救一个国家为了说服观众为他投票，动物慈善机构向观众展示受伤的猫或者狗的图片是为了让观众感到可怜，更可能捐款。因此可知，政治家和慈善机构的共同之处是他们都想让听众支持他们。故选C。
4.B 【解析】标题判断题。纵观全文可知，文章主要介绍了说服人的艺术，包括eths、paths、lgs三中不同的方式，以及这三种方式在各个领域应用的可能性。因此推断B项“说服的三种基本方式”为最佳标题，概况了文章中心主旨。故选B。
Passage2
【文章大意】主旨大意：主要讲述在现代社会，女性越来优秀，但在一些领域男女仍比例失调严重，男性占多数。
2.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Wmen nw make up half the natinal wrkfrce, earn mre cllege and graduate degrees than men, and by sme estimates represent the largest single ecnmic frce in the wrld.”可知，女性大学生要比男生多。故选D。
3.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段提到的三个时间点可以判断，此段是根据时间顺序来发展的。故选C。
4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲述在现代社会，女性越来优秀，但在科学领域男女仍比例失调严重，男性占多数。故选A。
Passage3
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了泰姬陵的一些信息。
1. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段"It is in memry f his favrite wife "可知应选A。
2. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据该文最后一段最后一句可知Shah Jehan的坟墓还没有被建好就被儿子监禁了，只好埋在他妻子的旁边，故选A。
3. C【解析】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述有关泰姬陵的一些信息，故答案为C。
4. D【解析】推理判断题。其他三项的信息文中并没有提到或涉及，用排除法可选D。
Passage4
【语篇解读】本文主要讲述化妆品市场，分析了女性人群喜欢购买化妆品的原因，进而讲述了化妆品公司开始开拓男性市场，并预测儿童和老年人将会成为更大的化妆品市场。
1.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段前两句＂Csmetics can cver up the deficiencies f nature. Regular use f a bdy ltin will keep the skin sft and supple.＂和第三段倒数第二句＂It is nt enugh; wmen always want t be prettier, yunger, and mre attractive.＂可知化妆品能够掩盖瑕疵，经常使用洗涤液可以使皮肤柔软光滑，女人们总是想更漂亮，更年轻和更有吸引力，因此推断化妆产品受女性顾客欢迎的原因是它对于保持皮肤柔软光滑起作用。故选B。学&科网
2.C 【解析】考查推理判断。画线句句意是：经常使用身体洗涤剂会保持皮肤柔软。主语是Regular use，谓语动词是will keep。故选C。
3.B 【解析】考查段落大意。倒数第二段主要讲述最近几年出现了新趋势，随着男人们更加注意他们的皮肤和形象，男性化妆品的需求增加，化妆品公司开始生产男性化妆品，因此推断，随着社会的发展男人也开始使用化妆品。故选B。