Unit10知识点 2023-2024学年人教版英语八年级上册
展开when t have a class party是 “疑问词+动词不定式” 结构
“疑问词+动词不定式” 结构可作主语、表语或宾语 (作宾语时可转换成相应的宾语从句)
Eg:Where t g is a prblem.(主语)
The imprtant prblem is hw t tell him the truth.(表语)
They have decided where t g.=They have decided where they will g.
the class wn’t cme.
half the class相当于half f the class一半学生
当half f...结构作主语时,谓语动词与f后面接的词的形式保持一致
Eg:Half f students are talking ludly in the class.
Half f water is in the bttle.
注意:
(1)half f后跟名词,如果名词前有the、this、my等词进行修饰,此时f可以省略。
Eg:Half the peple are frm China.
Half this apple is eaten by my brther.
half f后接代词时,f不能省略
Eg:Half f them enjyed the party last night.
Half(n)半;一半(halves)
表示:几个半 数字+名词+and +a half 数字+and +a half
Eg:ne hur and a half ne and a half hurs
tw days and a half tw and a half days
3.Can yu give me sme advice please?
advice(不可数名词) 劝告;建议 (可以用sme、a piece f/pieces等来修饰)
advice(相当于suggestin可数名词)
Eg:Lucy came up with a piece f advice.
advice的用法如下:
ask sb.fr advice向某人征求建议
give sb.advice n sth.就某事向某人提建议
take sb’s advice 听取某人的建议
get advice frm从...处获得建议
Eg:Yu can ask yur mm fr advice.
He gave us sme advice n hw t learn English.
Take my advice.Dn’t d like that.
Yu can get advice frm yur teachers.
advise(v)劝告;建议
常见用法:
advise sb.(nt)t d sth.建议某人(不)做某事
advise ding sth.建议做某事
advise that+从句 建议...(从句应用shuld +动原形式,shuld可省略)
Eg:My mm advises me nt t stay at hme all the time.
She advises giving her pcket mney t the pr peple.
The teacher advises that she (shuld)study hard t pass the exams.
4.If peple have prblems,they shuld try t keep them t themselves.
keep(v)保留;保存
常用短语:
neself保守秘密 (keep a secret/keep sth.quiet)
Eg:I hpe yu can keep the secret t yurself.
keep neself t neself 不与人来往;不交际
Eg:He is a shy by,s he always keeps himeself t himeself.
keep的常见用法:
keep sth.保存某物;保管某物 (常与hw lng或与一段时间连用)
Eg:Hw lng can I keep yur bk? (你的书我能借多久?)
keep ding sth.一直做某事;坚持做某事
Eg:Dn’t keep asking flish questins.
keep +adj 保持(某种状态) (keep为系动词,后接adj作表语)
Eg:Please keep quiet.
keep sb./sth.+adj 使某人或某物保持某种状态
Eg:We shuld keep the classrm clean.
keep sb./sth.away (frm)使某人/某物远离(...)
Eg:Keep the dg away frm the rm.
5.Smetimes they have prblems with their schlwrk...
在(做)...方面有问题
have sme prblems with... have sme prblems (in)ding sth.
have sme truble with... have sme truble (in)ding sth.
have sme difficulty with... have sme difficulty (in)ding sth.
6.Unless we talk t smene,we’ll certainly feel wrse.
unless(cnj)除非;如果不 (相当于)
常用来引导条件状语从句(主将从现)
Eg:I shall g t the library unless it rains.
I shall g t the library if it desn’t rain.
unless引导条件句,主要用于下列情况
主句为肯定句
Eg:Yu will miss the bus unless yu hurry up.
主句为否定句
Eg:Unless yu wrk hard,yu wn’t pass the exam.
7.He thinks the first step is t find smene yu trust t talk t.
trust:(vt)相信;信任(后接n/prn/t d/that 引导的宾语从句)
Eg:N ne trusts him except himself.
We trust that yu will keep it t yurself.
I trust my children t d it by themselves.
trust:(vi) 信任(常接介词in trust in信任)
Eg:Yu shuld trust in yur wn judgement.
辨析:trust与believe
trust:强调“信任、信赖”(相当于believe in sb.)
believe:相信某人(说的话是真的)
Eg:I believe him,but I dn’t always trust him.
8.Wh else can yu get advice frm?
else(adv)别的;其他的(一般用在疑问代词wh、what等)或不定代词(smething、nthing、smebdy、anyne等)之后
Eg:Wh else d yu want t g with?
What else wuld yu like t eat?
D yu have anything else t say?
辨析: else与ther
else(adv)其他的;别的(一般用在不定代词或疑问代词之后)
Eg:What else d yu want?
ther:(adj)其他的(用来修饰名词)
Eg:What ther things d yu want?
If 引导的条件状语从句
1.定义:由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中作状语的句子叫状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为多种,if引导的句子在复合句中表示条件,作主句的条件状语,因此称为:条件状语从句
Eg:If yu study hard,yu will pass the exam.
2.结构:If+陈述句,主语+谓语 主语+谓语+if+陈述句
Eg:If yu ask him,he will tell yu the truth.
He will tell yu the truth if yu ask him.
3.if引导的条件状语从句与主句时态的一致性
在复合句中,从句中动词的时态在一定程度上受到主句动词时态的制约,这在英语语法中称为时态呼应
在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时代替一般将来时表将来
Eg:If it rains,I will stay at hme.
如果主句含有must、may、can等情态动词,从句也要用一般现在时
Eg:If yu drive t fast,yu may have an accident.
Yu must stp if the traffic light turns red.
如果主句是祈使句,从句也要用一般现在时
Eg:Dn’t g and play basketball if yu dn’t finish yur hmewrk.
if条件句与其他句式的转化
不定式短语与条件状语从句之间的转化
It will be a great mistake fr us t wait anther week.
转换成:It will be a great mistake if we wait anther week.
“祈使句+and/r+陈述句”句式中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句.如果是用r连接,那么if引导的条件状语从句要用否定形式;如果用and连接,则用肯定形式
Eg:Hurry up,r we’ll miss ur train.
If we dn’t hurry up,we’ll miss ur train.
Wrk hard,and yu’ll catch up with yur classmates.
If yu wrk hard,yu’ll catch up with yur classmates.
5.if引导条件状语从句与if引导宾语从句的区别
(1)if引导条件状语从句时,表示:假如、如果 (条件状语从句可位于句首/句末)
if引导宾语从句时,表示:是否、是不是 (意义同:whether,位于及物动词之后)
Eg:If it desn’t rain tmrrw,we will g hiking.
Please tell me if yu knw the answer.
在if引导条件状语从句中,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
而在if的引导宾语从句中,若主句动词为一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据语境确定;若主句动词为一般现在时,宾语从句中用过去时态的某种形式
Eg:He will nt leave if it isn’t fine tmrrw.
I dn’t knw if it will rain tmrrw.
He asked me if I culd help him.
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