新人教版高中英语二轮复习语法专题--谓语动词的时态、语态课件PPT

这是一份新人教版高中英语二轮复习语法专题--谓语动词的时态、语态课件PPT，共31页。PPT课件主要包含了考点二　被动语态，designed，wished，means，featured等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点一　谓语动词的时态
一、时态概述　　英语中动词的时态主要由动词的不同形式来表示。《普通高中英 语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》要求学习和掌握的时态有10种。现 以wrk为例展示这10种时态的形式:
二、一般现在时1. 构成一般现在时主要由V-原表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:
2. 用法1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。I leave hme fr schl at 7 every mrning.One f the machines is ut f rder.温馨提示常与一般现在时连用的状语有ften, always, usually, smetimes, every day, ccasinally, never, seldm, generally, rarely, nce a week, at weekends, n Sundays等。2)表示现在的特征、能力、性格等。This jb calls fr great patience.
3)表示客观事实、普遍真理或格言等。Light travels faster than sund.Magellan prved that the earth is rund.4)表示将来。①在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中。Even if we achieve great success in ur studies, we will nt be cnceited.②按时间表将要发生的动作或事先安排好的动作。The train arrives at 10:30.5)用于图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。Jack passes the ball t Jhn and Jhn catches it. He jumps and casts it int the basket.
三、一般过去时1. 构成一般过去时由V-ed表示。其规则动词变化方法如下:
2. 用法1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态, 常常与yesterday, tw days ag,in 1990等表示过去的时间状语连用。(2024年1月份九省联考) Funtain pens were used in schls lng ag and have been regaining ppularity lately because they are refillable.2)表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常常与always,ften等表示频率的时间状语连用。When I was a child, I ften played ftball in the street.
3)在时间状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。She said she wuld cme if I prmised t wait fr her. 4)“used t+动词原形”或“wuld+动词原形”也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,但两者的用法有所区别。I used t g ut every night.我以前每晚都外出。(现在不再这样做了)We wuld stay up all night talking abut ur future.(那时候)我们常常彻夜谈论我们的将来。(今后有可能再发生)
四、一般将来时1. 构成及用法一般将来时由“will/shall+V-原”构成,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tmrrw, next year, in the future等。The cmpany will launch a new versin f the sftware in July.2. 表示将来意义的其他方式1) be ging t d表示现在打算做的事或有迹象表明最近要发生的事。They are ging t hld a meeting t discuss ur research prject.It lks as if the weather is ging t turn nasty.
2) be ding可用来表示计划、安排好要采取的动作或要做的事情,常与表将来的时间状语连用。We're leaving early tmrrw mrning.3) 一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或时间表要发生的事;在条件、时间、让步状语从句中可用一般现在时表将来。Accrding t the timetable, we have n classes tmrrw.I'll write t her when I have time.
4) be abut t d表示客观上马上要发生的事,一般不与具体的时间状语连 用,可与when连用。I'm nt abut t stp when I'm s clse t success.5) be t d sth.表示安排好或要求做的事。She is t be married next mnth.
五、现在进行时1. 构成be(am/is/are)+V.-ing。动词-ing的变化规则如下:
2. 用法1) 表示现在正在进行的动作和发生的事,常与nw, at this mment等连用。I'm waiting t have a wrd with yu.2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动作。They are revising the laws t prtect the rights f wmen and children.3) 用来强调某个反复重复的动作,常与always,cnstantly,cntinually,frever等副词连用,表达说话者对主语行为的生气、赞扬、同情、不满、好奇等感情。Maria is always thinking f thers instead f herself.4) 表示按计划或安排要发生的事。The train is arriving sn.
一般不能用于进行时态的动词存在状态类: be, exist, remain, stay等感情类: like, lve, hate, prefer等感觉、感知类: hear, see, smell, taste等从属与占有类: belng(t), cntain, have等思考、理解等心理活动类: believe, dubt, frget, knw等
六、过去进行时1. 构成: was/were+V.-ing2. 用法1) 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段内正在发生的动作。We were discussing the plan at this time yesterday. 温馨提示常与过去进行时连用的时间状语有at that time, at that mment, at this time yesterday, at ten 'clck yesterday等
2) 用来描写故事发生的背景或提供故事发生的时间背景。It was a dark night. The wind was blwing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A yung wman suddenly appeared n the riverside.3) 表达褒贬等感情色彩:过去进行时可以和always,cnstantly,cntinually, frever等连用,表示说话人的主观感情,如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。He was frever cmplaining abut smething.
七、现在完成时1.构成: have/has dne2.用法1) 表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。I have finished all my hmewrk (s far).2) 表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态。In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend.
温馨提示常与现在完成时连用的状语有already,yet,recently,lately,never,ever,befre, since then,ever since,fr a lng time,in the past/last few years,up t nw,s far等。3)用在固定句型中。①在“This/It is the +that从句”中, that从句用现在完成时。It's the first time that the by has spken t a freigner.②在“It is/has been+时间段+since从句”中,since从句用一般过去时。It is/has been tw years and a half since we began t study in ur schl.
八、过去将来时1. 构成: shuld/wuld+V.-原2. 用法：表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 I asked if he wuld cme and fix my TV set.3. 表示过去将来的其他方式1) was/were ging t d表示过去打算或计划将要做某事。He said he was ging t live in the cuntry when he retired. 2) was/were abut t d结构指过去某时“即将”发生的动作。I was abut t g ut when a friend drpped in.
八、过去将来时3) was/were ding多用于g, cme, leave, arrive等瞬间性动词,表过去将要发生的情况。A lt f peple were cming t watch the firewrks.
九、将来进行时1.构成: will/shall+be+V.-ing2.用法：表示将来某时正在进行的动作,也可以表示已计划好的事。This time tmrrw we'll be sitting in the cinema and watching a film.
十、过去完成时1. 构成: had dne2. 用法1) 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态,即“过去的过去”。By the end f yesterday, we had received ver 1,000 letters frm all ver the wrld.He had been ill fr a week when he was sent t the hspital.
2) 过去完成时的固定结构①had hardly 和n sner 表示 “一……就……”;当hardly位于句首时,主句部分倒装。His sister had hardly heard the terrible news when she burst int tears.=Hardly had his sister heard the terrible news when she burst int tears. ②在“That/It was the +that从句”中,that从句用过去完成时It was the first time that we had fund cmmn grund. ③在“It was/had been+时间段+since从句”中,从句用过去完成时。It was ten years since he had left Beijing.他离开北京已经十年了。
温馨提示“by+过去的时间”意为“截止到过去的某个时间”,可与过去完成时态连用; “by+现在的时间”意为“截止到现在的某个时间”,可与现在完成时态连用。
十一、现在完成进行时1. 构成: have/has+been+V.-ing2. 用法1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,这个动作现在仍在继续。It has been raining heavily all day. 2)表示动作开始于过去某时,说话时刚刚结束。此时句中通常没有表示 一段时间的时间状语。It has been raining, but it has stpped nw. 3)表示一段时间里重复的动作。Yu have been saying that fr years.
现在完成进行时和现在完成时的主要区别1. 现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性;现在完成时强调某个刚刚完成的 动作或过去的某个动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。He has cleaned the windw. 他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)He has been cleaning the windw. 他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)2.一些静态动词往往用现在完成进行时,如lie,sit,wait,stand等。而一些状态动词、感官动词或情感动词如see,feel,knw,lve等,不可用于现在完成进行时,但可以用于现在完成时。I've been waiting fr yu since mrning.I have knwn her fr a lng time.
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一、被动语态的构成　　被动语态由“be dne”构成。一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态。助动词be有人称、数、时态的变化。《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》要求高中毕业生掌握以下七种时态的被动语态(以d为例):
温馨提示含有情态动词的被动语态结构: 情态动词+be+dneEight hurs per day fr sleep must be guaranteed.
单句填空·谓语动词的时态和被动语态专练1. Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets 　　　　　     (start) selling chicken r salad in packs　　　　　     (design) with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份). (2024 浙江1月)2. As a little girl, I __________ (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up. (2023新课标卷II)3. The remarkable develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mrdern wrld, ______ (mean) there is always smething new t discver here...(2023全国乙)
have started
单句填空·谓语动词的时态和被动语态专练4. In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Frbidden City,... Citizens f higher scial classes _____________ (permit) t live clser t the center f the circles. (2023 浙江1月)5. The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften __________ (feature) beautufully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子). (2023 浙江1月)
were permitted