聚焦期末复习学案 八年级英语下册

这是一份聚焦期末复习学案 八年级英语下册，共10页。学案主要包含了易混辨析，误区警示，知识拓展，一言辨异等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1 当主语和宾语指的是同一个人或物时，宾语用反身代词。
enjy neself (ding sth.) 玩得开心 / by neself 独自 fr neself 亲自 / help neself t 随便吃、随便用
say t neself 心里想；自言自语 / hurt neself 伤到某人自己 / teach neself sth.＝ learn sth. by neself 自学…… cme t neself 醒来
反身代词的构成及用法
巩固练习：
1.As teenagers，we shuld d ur wn things by ____________________．
2.They went t the museum yesterday and enjyed ____________________．
2 culd和shuld的用法
culd 表示建议，意为“可以”，可以用may代替，但是culd语气更委婉。
shuld表示建议，意为“应该”，其否定形式为shuldn't。
巩固练习：
1.Since yur dictinary isn't here, yu ____________________ use mine.
2.As a student, yu ____________________ d yur hmewrk by yurself.
3.T make a better wrld, we ________ help the peple in need.
A．may B．can C．shuld D．culd
3 withut prep. 没有，缺乏
withut后接名词、代词宾格或v-ing作宾语 ，反义词为with。
Eg.She left the rm withut saying a wrd. 她一句话没有说就离开了房间。
withut用于否定句，还可以表示条件，意为＂如果没有＂，相当于if引导的否定条件句。
Eg.We culdn’t live withut air.＝We culdn’t live if there weren’t air. 如果没有空气，我们就不能活。
巩固练习：
( ) 1.The＂teacher-free exam＂means that students take their exams _____ teachers. Students must be mre hnest.
A. withut B. against C. thrugh D. by
4 lnely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 【易混辨析】lnely与alne
巩固练习：
（ ）When yu feel helpless and _____________, just remember yu are nt _____________ in the wrld because yur friends are arund yu.
A. alne；alne B. alne；lnelyC. lnely；alne
5 【易混辨析】 hpe与wish＂希望＂不同
【误区警示】hpe后可接不定式作宾语，但不能接复合宾语。即我们可以表达为：hpe t d sth，但不可以表达为hpe sb t d sth。
（ ）The vlunteers hpe _____________ smething fr the pr children in the Western areas.
A. t d B. ding C. did D. d

6＂疑问词+不定式＂结构的用法
（1）句中＂hw t care fr animals＂是＂疑问词+不定式＂结构作宾语，可以转化成宾语从句hw I can care fr animals。
☞ Children shuld learn hw t care fr the ld. 孩子们应该学习如何照顾老人。
巩固练习：
①请你告诉我如何使用这个电脑程序好吗？
Culd yu please tell me _____________ _____________ _____________ the cmputer prgram?
②我们还没有决定去哪里度假。
We haven’t decided _____________ _____________ _____________ n vacatin.
③问题是下一步该做什么。
The prblem is _____________ _____________ _____________ next.

7. the minute...意为＂一……就……＂，句子时态遵从＂主将从现＂原则。＂主将从现＂原则，即主句若为一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。
同样用法的短语有：as sn as...。
☞ I’ll tell him the minute he cmes. 他一来我就告诉他。
☞ We will leave as sn as it stps raining ＝We will leave the minute it stps raining.雨一停，我们就动身离开。
巩固练习：
（ ）I will d sme cleaning as sn as I ______________ my hmewrk.
finishB. will finish C. has finished D. finished
8 while作连词，意为＂在……期间；当……的时候＂，引导的从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。
【知识拓展】while用法小结
①你们做作业时，请不要闲聊。Please dn’t chat ______________ yu’re ______________ yur hmewrk.
②昨天我在公园里散步时，看到一只猫爬到了一棵高大的树上。
_____________ I was ______________ a walk in the park, I saw a cat climb up a tall tree.
9 prvide为及物动词，prvide sth fr sb＝prvide sb with sth为某人提供某物。
They can prvide enugh fd fr us. 他们可以给我们提供足够的食物。
The schl prvides the students with delicius fd every day. 学校每天给学生提供美味的食物。
巩固练习：
This restaurant ______________ peple ______________ delicius fd.
A. prvides；frB. ffers；tC. prvides；with
10 it作形式主语的用法
巩固练习：
①拥有健康的生活方式很重要。
___________ very imprtant ___________ _________ a healthy lifestyle.
②对孩子们来说学会如何照顾自己是很有必要的。
_________ necessary _________ children ________ _________ hw t lk after themselves.
③你帮助我做家务，真是太好了。
__________ kind ________ yu ________ ________ me with the husewrk.
11 【易混辨析】 t much/much t/t many
【一言辨异】
Sme students say they used t be much t tired because they had t much hmewrk t d. 一些学生说以前他们太累，因为他们有太多的作业要做。
用t much/t many/much t填空
①I have ______________ ______________ rules at hme.
②There is ______________ ______________ traffic in the street during the rush hurs.
③The math prblem is ______________ ______________ difficult. I can’t wrk it ut.

12
1.develp用作及物动词时，一般与int搭配，意为＂发展成……＂。
He develped the little shp int a big shpping mall. 他把那间小商店发展成为一家大型购物中心。
The cuntry is develping fast. 该国正在飞速发展。
巩固练习：
（ ）As the stry _________, the secret f the castle is discvered little by little.
A. endsB. beginsC. develpsD. happens
2.develp 及物动词，意为＂培养；养成；提高；成长＂。
He develped an interest in science. 他养成了对科学的兴趣。
This curse will help yu develp yur writing skills. 这门功课将帮助你提高写作技巧。
巩固练习：
（ ）It’s gd fr us t ______________ a gd habit f brushing teeth in the childhd.
A. develpingB. shwC. develpD. shwing
单项选择
( ) 1. Hw time flies! We shuld shw lve fr ur parents and make them hw much they mean t us.
A. t knwB. knwingC. knewD. knw
( ) 2. Maria watch TV, but nw she listening t music.
A. used t；is used tB. is used t；used t
C. used t；used tD. is used t；is used t
( ) 3. All the members decided t the mney frm the bk sale t hmeless peple.
A. give upB. give awayC. take upD. take away
( ) 4. --Can I yur bike?
--With pleasure. But yu mustn't it t thers.
A. lend; brrwB. brrw; lend
C. lend; lendD. brrw; brrw
( ) 5. —The dctr tld me nt t eat t much, but I find it difficult.
—The dctr is right. yu eat, yu will be.
A. The less; the healthierB. The less; the mre healthier
C. The mre; the healthierD. The mre; the mre healthier
( ) 6. —As a tp student in ur class, it’s gd Jim t help us when we’re in need.
—Yes. It is als gd him t exercise fr an hur every day.
A. f; fB. fr; fr
C. fr; fD. f; fr
( ) 7. Their parents dn’t allw them in the river because it’s really dangerus.
A. swimB. swimmingC. t swimD. swam
( )8. I bught alarm clck last week.
A. aB. anC. theD. /
( ) 9. — Srry, I my hmewrk at hme.
— Dn’t it here tmrrw.
A. left; frget bringingB. left; frget t bring
C. frget; frget bringingD. frgt; frget t bring
( ) 10. The ld man lks very unhappy, because he lives , and he feels very .
A. alne; alne B. lnely; lnely C. alne; lnely D. lnely; alne
完形填空
Many students have sme 1______ . Fr example, sme students d nt learn their schl subjects 2______ . Sme are gd at 3 ______ and d well in many exams, 4 ______they are ding very badly in sprts and they d nt have strng bdies. S their classmates always call 5______ “bkwrms”(书虫). S many students suffer frm(遭受) stress. The gd news 36 ______ that there are sme simple ways t deal with(处理) 7 ______ .
Firstly, 8 ______ a healthy diet, getting enugh sleep and ding exercise are very imprtant. Hw can we be happy if we are unhealthy!
As fr schlwrk, making plans can be helpful. Making a list f the things they need t d and planning 9_____ t d them can help students rganize(组织) their time. If yu are 10______ in ne subject, studying hard and11 ______ a teacher fr advice can help.
Students shuld nt care abut 12 ______ laughing. They shuld think abut the things that are gd.
Then students shuld13 ______ make enugh time fr their hbbies（爱好）. Playing sprts, reading and watching mvies help them relax.
Finally, 14______ is useful and imprtant fr students t share their prblem with their 15______ and family members.
( ) 1. A. friendsB. prblemsC. happinessD. hmewrk
( ) 2. A. gdB. wellC. greatD. bad
( ) 3. A. learnsB. learnC. learningD. t learn
( ) 4. A. sB. andC. butD. because
( ) 5. A. themB. theyC. himD. her
( ) 6. A. areB. wereC. beD. is
( ) 7. A. hungryB. illnessC. stressD. tired
( ) 8. A. eatingB. eatC. eattingD. t eat
( ) 9. A. whenB. whereC. whatD. why
( ) 10. A. gdB. weakC. strngD. badly
( ) 11. A. askingB. askC. asksD. asked
( ) 12. A. therB. thersC. thers’D. ther’s
( ) 13. A. tB. eitherC. tD. als
( ) 14. A. thatB. thisC. itD. these
( ) 15. A. brthersB. friendsC. sistersD. cusins
阅读理解
A
Sand is a cmmn sight in the wrld. But yu might nt knw that sand is als a useful resurce (资源).
Sand is the secnd mst-used resurce in the wrld after water, the BBC reprted. Hwever, the UN said that sand is nt limitless and that we might be running ut f it.
Sand is made up f very small pieces f rck, sil and minerals (矿物质). It can take tens f thusands f years t frm.
But nw we are using sand mre quickly than it is being frmed. Accrding t the BBC, we use abut 15 billin tns f sand every year t build huses, rads and ther things.
Peple als put sand in the sea t make new islands. Singapre, fr example, is nw 20 percent bigger than it was in 1965. Palm islands are three large man-made islands in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. They tk 94 millin cubic meters f sand t build.
If peple keep using this much sand, it will run ut in many places. Fr example, Vietnam may run ut f cnstructin (建造) sand by 2020, Live Science nted.
Since peple need s much sand, they are trying t mine (开采) mre f it. But this is bad fr the envirnment. Mining sand may cause beaches t disappear and mre flds t happen in places clse t the sea. Als, this may affect the habitats (栖息地) f many plants and animals.
( ) 1. What des the stry tell us abut sand?
A. It can nly be fund n beaches.B. It is the mst-used resurce in the wrld.
C. It can never be used up.D. It can be used t build huses.
( )2. Accrding t the passage, which cuntry is using sand t build islands?
A. Singapre and Vietnam.B. Singapre and United Arab Emirates.
C. Britain and America.D. United Arab Emirates and Vietnam.
( ) 3. Every year, we use abut________tns f sand.
A. 94 millinB. 20 billinC. 20 millinD. 15 billin
( ) 4. We are running ut f sand because________.
A. there is nly a little sand in the wrldB. we are using sand t quickly
C. we cannt mine enugh sandD. ur envirnment is badly plluted
( ) 5. In places clse t the sea, mre flds will happen because f________.
A. ver mining f sandB. climate change
C. the increasing size f certain islandsD. the death f sme plants
B
Hw green are yu? D yu knw hw t be green?
We all need a healthy envirnment, but we prduce waste every day and it des harm t ur envirnment. Thugh we are yung, we can still d smething t help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference t the envirnment. Here are sme ideas fr yu.
Reduce
Reduce means “use less”. Dn’t waste things. This saves mney and reduces pllutin and waste ging int the envirnment. Befre we buy smething new, think whether it is really necessary—r maybe the ld ne will be just as gd! When we d buy things, chse lcal prducts if pssible, and try nt t buy t many things frm abrad.
Reuse
Reuse means “use again”. Use things fr as lng as pssible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a lng time. We shuld lk after them s that they will last, and we shuld repair them if we can instead f thrwing them away and buying new nes. Dn’t use a paper cup f a paper bag. It’s better t use a china cup and a lunch bx because yu can use them again.
Recycle
Recycle means “change things int smething else”. Thugh it takes energy t change smething int smething else, it’s better than thrwing things away r burning them. Find ut what can be recycled in yur neighburhd and take part in recycling prgrammes. We shuld als buy prducts made frm recycled materials, such as recycled paper, t help save trees.
S please remember these three wrds: reduce, reuse and recycle.
( ) 1. What is the passage abut?
A. Hw t prduce things.B. Hw t burn things.
C. Hw t help thers.D. Hw t be green.
( ) 2. Which f the fllwing is right?
A. Dn’t waste things.B. Always thrw away ld things.
C. Always buy new things.D. Buy t many things frm abrad.
( ) 3. Why is it better t use a china cup and a lunch bx?
A. Yu can burn them.
B. Yu can use them again.
C. Yu can thrw them away.
D. Yu can change them int smething else.
( ) 4. T prtect the envirnment, we shuld remember these three wrds: _______.
A. waste, reuse and recycleB. repair, burn and recycle
C. reduce, reuse and recycleD. reduce, waste and recycle.
( ) 5. The passage may cme frm ______.
A. a menuB. a dictinary
C. a strybkD. a magazine
C
It tk me abut 2 mnths t plan my daughter’s birthday party. She was three years ld. I gt many ideas frm the Internet that I thught I culd use fr the party. I had sleepless nights because I wanted this t be the best birthday. I lked fr a place t have ur party. Luckily, I fund Mnte Verde Park. It is a very beautiful park. After bking it, we started t buy gifts fr all the kids. We went t LA fr gd prices. I had 40 gifts in my rm fr a mnth and I wanted t give them all away. I bught tw beautiful skirts fr my daughter. I als bught red cards at Tall Muse. I then sent them t my daughter’s friends. I invited them t my daughter’s third birthday party n September 25th at 6：30 p.m. at Mnte Verde Park. They culd eat cake and have a gd time.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
1. Hw lng did the writer spend planning her daughter's birthday party?
________________________________________________________________________
2. What gift did the writer buy fr her daughter?
________________________________________________________________________
3. Wh did the writer invite t her daughter’s third birthday party?
________________________________________________________________________
4. When and where did they have the party?
________________________________________________________________________
5. What did they eat at the party?
________________________________________________________________________
单词填空
A. 根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示填空(每空一词)
1. —I thught she wuld be a small and slim lady, but in fact she is the .
—S yu mean she is tall and fat.
2. Yu will (cme t knw) smething when yu d it, when yu make mistakes r when yu grw up.
3. Success may nt cme with rushing s , but we shall return again and again!
4. Glbal warming has becme an （国际的）prblem and the whle wrld shuld wrk tgether t prtect the envirnment.
5. The Tmb-sweeping day has been （结束）fr tw weeks.
B)根据句子意思，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. Oil (pllute) is the main cause f death fr seabirds.
7. One f the (beautiful) f living in Nanjing is that it's s peaceful.
8. When winter cmes, a lt f birds fly t the (suth) part f the cuntry.
9. I have never seen a (tiny) persn than this. Hw unbelievable!
10. Barry was sitting n the bed, (tie)the laces f an ld pair f running shes.第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yurself
himself，herself，itself
复数
urselves
yurselves
themselves
lnely
孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的
形容词（adj.）
定语或表语
alne
独自；单独
形容词（adj.）
或副词（adv.）
作形容词时，只能作表语
hpe
hpe t d sth ＂希望做某事＂ I hpe t see my pen pal, Lucy.
hpe + (that)从句＂希望……＂，常表示可以实现的愿望
wish
wish sb sth＂希望某人……＂，表示祝愿
wish t d sth＂希望做某事＂
wish sb t d sth＂希望某人做某事＂
wish +（that）从句＂希望……＂，常表示不可能实现或实现的可能性较小的愿望
hpe和wish都可作名词，但hpe意为＂希望＂；wish意为＂愿望；心愿；祝愿＂。
用 法
例 句
常用来引导时间状语从句，强调主句的动词和从句的动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生
While I was ding my hmewrk last night, my parents were watching TV. 昨天晚上我在做作业时，我的父母在看电视。
用作并列连词时，意为＂然而＂，表示对比
Sme peple waste fd while thers dn’t have enugh.
有些人浪费食物，然而有些人却没有足够的食物。
作名词，意为＂一会儿；一段时间＂
We are ff fr a while. 我们要离开一会儿。
(1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某句中作主语时，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而真正的主语放在句尾。
(2)it作形式主语的三种常见句型结构：
①It’s + adj. + t d...
②It’s + adj. + fr sb + t d...
③It’s + adj. + f sb + t d...
(3)It’s + adj. + fr sb +t d...与It’s+ adj. +f sb +t d...的用法辨析
It’s + adj. + fr sb + t d...
句中的形容词常表示客观情况，如：hard，easy，imprtant等
It’s + adj. + f sb + t d...
句中的形容词常表示人的性格、品质与特点等，如kind，nice，clever等
t much
＂太多＂
后接不可数名词
much t
＂太……＂
后接形容词或副词
t many
＂太多＂
后接可数名词复数