【中考二轮】2024年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】（上海通用）热点11++三大主题意境之人与社会（阅读理解之首字母填空）-专练.zip

这是一份【中考二轮】2024年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】（上海通用）热点11++三大主题意境之人与社会（阅读理解之首字母填空）-专练.zip，文件包含热点11三大主题意境之人与社会阅读理解之首字母填空解析版docx、热点11三大主题意境之人与社会阅读理解之首字母填空原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共27页， 欢迎下载使用。


首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中，着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲，在考试中，七个首字母，会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主，虚词为辅。
英语阅读主题意境中涉及到人与社会的主要话题包括但不限于：
社会关系与互动：作品可能探讨人们在社会中的相互关系和互动，如家庭关系、友谊、爱情关系、职场关系等。
社会制度与结构：作品可能反映社会中存在的制度、规则，探讨人们在这些结构下的处境和挣扎。
社会问题与社会变迁：作品可能揭示社会中存在的各种问题和矛盾，如贫富差距、种族歧视、性别平等等，以及社会的变革和发展。
个体与集体：作品可能探讨个体在社会中的定位和角色，以及个体与集体利益之间的冲突和统一。
社会道德与价值观：作品可能反映社会的道德标准和价值观念，探讨人们在社会中如何面对道德困境和价值选择。
【应试技巧】
解题技巧：
1.要对文章内容有总体把握
通读首字母填空的短文，跳过空格快速阅读，了解全篇的主要内容。
2.要重视文中的主题句
首字母填空选用的短文一般不给标题，但短文的主题句，往往在每段文章的首句，有时也出现在文章的中间或结束处。主题句提供全篇的性质、大意等，这是深入了解全文的“窗口”。我们甚至能以主题句为立足点，从该句的时态、语气推测全文的主要内容。
3.要利用语境进行联想
利用上下文的提示，用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。
解题步骤：
第一步 判断词性
根据语法来确定空格中应该选填什么词性的单词。这样做的一个好处就是可以缩小选词的范围。
例题：Peple wh rely nly n their talent and d nt wrk hard r____52____ succeed. （嘉定2023一模）
改题的空格出现在动词succeed前，提示我们要填副词（因为要用副词修饰动词或形容词）。对考纲词汇特别熟悉的同学马上就可以想到最常见的两个r开头的副词really和rarely。这样我们就一下子缩小了思考范围，只要把这两个词放到上下文中判断一下哪一个比较合适就可以了。
第二步 联系上下文
根据上下文来进一步筛选合的词。上面这个句子的上下文意思是“人们如果仅仅依靠才能，而不努力工作的话，那么就很难取得成功”。根据上下文的意思来判断，空格处填写rarely最合适。
第三步 确定拼写和形式
要注意的是，如果空格处填写的是动词或名词的话，千万不要遗漏这第三步。如空格确定要填写动词，那么就要想一想是否需要第三人称单数+s，是否需要用过去式或过去分词形式；空格如填写名词，就要考虑名词是可数还是不可数，是单数还是复数。如果这些问题没有注意到的话，即使选对了词，也会失分。
一、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Many years ag, when I was fresh ut f schl and wrking in Denver, I was driving t my parents’ hme in Missuri fr Christmas. I stpped at a gas statin (加油站) abut 50 miles frm Oklahma City, w 1 I was planning t stp t visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hell t an lder cuple w 2 were als paying fr gas.
I tk ff, but had gne nly a few miles when black smke pured frm the back f my car. I stpped and wndered w 3 I shuld d. A car pulled up behind me. It was the cuple I had spken t at the gas statin. They said they wuld take me t my friend’s. We chatted n the way t the city, and when I gt ut f the car, the husband gave me his business card.
I wrte him and his wife a thank-yu nte fr helping me. Sn afterward, I r 4 a Christmas present frm them. Their nte that came with it said that helping me had m 5 their hliday meaningful.
Years later, I drve t a meeting in a nearby twn in the mrning. In late afternn I returned t my car and fund that I’d left the lights n all day, and the battery (电池) was dead. Then I n 6 that the Friendly Frd dealership—a shp selling cars—was right next dr. I walked ver and fund tw salesmen in the shwrm.
“Just hw friendly is Friendly Frd?” I asked and explained my truble. They quickly drve a pickup truck t my car and started it. They wuld a 7 n payment, s when I gt hme, I wrte them a nte t say thanks. I received a letter back frm ne f the salesmen. N ne had ever taken the time t write t him and say thank yu, and it meant a lt, he said.
“Thank yu”—tw pwerful wrds. They’re easy t say and mean s much.
【答案】1．(w)here 2．(w)h 3．(w)hat 4．(r)eceived 5．(m)ade 6．(n)ticed 7．(a)ccept
【导语】本文讲述了作者两次在路上被人帮助的经历，他给他们写了感谢信，并收到了积极的反馈，以此说明“谢谢”这两个字意义重大。
1．句意：我在距离俄克拉荷马城大约50英里的一个加油站停了下来，我打算在那里停下来拜访一个朋友。分析句子可知，该句是含定语从句的复合句，先行词指地点，关系副词要用where，在此引导的非限制性定语从句。故填(w)here。
2．句意：当我站在收银台前排队时，我向一对也在付油钱的老夫妇打招呼。分析句子“I said hell t an lder cuple ... were als paying fr gas.”可知，该句是定语从句；先行词指人，关系代词用wh。故填(w)h。
3．句意：我停了下来，想知道我该怎么办。根据上文“I tk ff, but had gne nly a few miles when black smke pured frm the back f my car.”可知，作者的车后面冒黑烟，所以他停下来思考自己应该做什么；what“什么”，符合语境，引导宾语从句。故填(w)hat。
4．句意：不久之后，我收到了他们寄来的圣诞礼物。根据“a Christmas present frm them”可知，作者收到了那对夫妇寄来的圣诞礼物；receive“收到”，动词；时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式。故填(r)eceived。
5．句意：他们附带的便条上说，帮助我使他们的假期变得有意义。根据“helping me had ... their hliday meaningful”可知，帮助作者使得他们的假期更有意义；make“使得”，动词；时态为过去完成时，故此处要用过去分词made。故填(m)ade。
6．句意：然后我注意到，友好福特经销店——一家卖汽车的商店——就在隔壁。根据“the Friendly Frd dealership—a shp selling cars ...”可知，作者注意隔壁的一家商店；ntice“注意”，动词；时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式。故填(n)ticed。
7．句意：他们不收钱，所以当我回到家时，我给他们写了张纸条表示感谢。根据“n payment”可知，他们不接受付款；accept“接受”，动词；空前有“wuld”，故此处用动词原形。故填(a)ccept。
二、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Mst f us spend ur lives surrunded by screens, with which we manage ur wrk, ur recreatin and ur relatinships. These devices ffer us cnvenience as well as cnnectin and a lt f infrmatin. H 8 , it’s als easy t feel pressured t keep up with every message. Mre and mre peple want t take a break frm technlgy.
The phrase “digital detx” describes staying away frm TV, phnes, cmputers and ther frms f technlgy that c 9 ur lives fr a perid f time. These breaks can ccur in a variety f ways. Sme experts suggest cmpletely aviding u 10 screen time fr 30 days. Others suggest using an app that will limit the amunt f time ne can spend n certain websites. A third ptin is lgging ut in evenings and/r n w 11 . Others simply turn their phnes ff. Sme even pay high prices t take vacatins in places where they can take time ut frm technlgy.
Why d yu want t take a digital detx? Perhaps yu find that yu are spending lnger than yu plan n certain apps r that they distract yu frm mre imprtant things. Perhaps scial media is depressing because yu cmpare yurself t thers r yu f 12 missing ut n things that ther peple are enjying.
Technlgy can als have p 13 effects. Many peple experience back r neck pain and the blue light cming frm mst screens can als affect peple’s sleep.
On ne research trip, a grup f peple agreed t spend fur days w 14 their smartphnes. By the time the phne-free perid ended, many peple in the grup had made imprtant decisins abut their wrk r relatinships. Others had decided t live a healthier lifestyle. Only when they tk a break frm technlgy culd they think abut really imprtant things.
Giving up all screens may nt be realistic, but strategic breaks frm technlgy my be gd fr yur bdy, mind, emtins and relatinships.
【答案】8．(H)wever 9．(c)ntrl 10．(u)nnecessary 11．(w)eekends 12．(f)ear 13．(p)hysical 14．(w)ithut
【导语】本文主要讲述了我们大多数人的生活都被屏幕包围着，越来越多的人想要远离科技，文中介绍了“数字排毒法”，以及采用这种方法的原因。
8．句意：然而，要跟进每条信息也很容易感到压力。空前“These devices ffer us cnvenience as well as cnnectin and a lt f infrmatin. ”与空后“it’s als easy t feel pressured t keep up with every message.”之间是转折关系，且空后有逗号，所以用hwever“然而”。故填(H)wever。
9．句意：“数字排毒”指的是在一段时间内远离电视、电话、电脑和其他控制我们生活的科技产品。根据上文“it’s als easy t feel pressured t keep up with every message. Mre and mre peple want t take a break frm technlgy.”和“ur lives fr a perid f time”及首字母可知，此处指控制我们生活的科技产品，cntrl“控制，限制”符合语境，时态是一般现在时，主语是复数，所以动词用原形。故填(c)ntrl。
10．句意：一些专家建议在30天内完全避免不必要的屏幕时间。空处作定语修饰time，所以用形容词，根据“staying away frm TV, phnes, cmputers and ther frms f technlgy”及首字母可知，此处指不必要的屏幕时间，unnecessary“不必要的”符合语境。故填(u)nnecessary。
11．句意：第三种选择是在晚上和/或周末下线。根据“Others simply turn their phnes ff. Sme even pay high prices t take vacatins in places where they can take time ut frm technlgy.”及首字母可知，度假或关机应是非工作的情况下，所以空处应是说“周末”，n weekends“在周末”。故填(w)eekends。
12．句意：也许社交媒体令人沮丧是因为你把自己和别人比较，或者你害怕错过别人喜欢的东西。根据“ ut n things that ther peple are enjying.”及首字母和语境可知，应是说害怕错过信息，fear ding sth“害怕做某事”，时态是一般现在时，主语是yu，所以谓语动词用三单形式，故填(f)ear。
13．句意：科技也会对身体产生影响。根据“Many peple experience back r neck pain and the blue light cming frm mst screens can als affect peple’s sleep.”及首字母可知，此处指对身体产生影响，空处作定语修饰名词effects，所以用physical表示“身体的”，故填(p)hysical。
14．句意：在一次研究旅行中，一组人同意在没有智能手机的情况下度过四天。根据“By the time the phne-free perid ended”及首字母可知，空处指的是没有手机，withut“没有”符合语境。故填(w)ithut。
三、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
One f the first science fictin bks published was Jules Verne’s Jurney t the Centre f the Earth, written in 1864. This ppular bk marked the b 15 f ur strng interest in science fictin. Since then, there have been bks, magazines, cmputer games, radi and TV shws and films.
A science fictin stry desn’t just fcus n the future; it fcuses n the use f science in ur future. Smetimes things that are written in science fictin stries a 16 becme true. Star Trek first appeared n televisin in 1966. The crew f the spaceship spke t each ther n small mbile devices. A rbt starred in the 1927 film, Metrplis.
In the 1982 film, Blade Runner, vide cmmunicatin was s 17 as an exciting thing f the future. This is ne f the reasns why science fictin is s ppular. It lets us think abut hw ur wrld might be in the future. It gives us ideas abut hw we might make things n the Earth better than they are n 18 . It gives us pssible slutins t prblems.
A 19 reasn is that it begins t answer sme f the biggest questins in life, questins like Are we alne in the universe? What culd we d better? Science fictin gives us the chance t think abut these questins and c 20 pssible answers.
Peple als like t get away frm their daily lives thrugh science fictin. It is d 21 t imagine a better way f ding this than reading a fantastic stry abut a place yu have never been t and creatures yu cannt imagine. It des this by making us feel that anything is pssible.
Perhaps science fictin culd als make us feel lucky t live here n the Earth. Perhaps it culd even make us take better care f ur planet.
【答案】15．(b)eginning 16．(a)ctually 17．(s)een 18．(n)w 19．(A)nther 20．(c)nsider 21．(d)ifficult
【导语】本文主要讲述了对科幻小说的影响及受欢迎的原因。
15．句意：这本受欢迎的书标志着我们开始对科幻小说产生浓厚兴趣。根据“Since then”可知此处指我们开始对科幻小说产生浓厚兴趣，the beginning f“……的开始”，故填(b)eginning。
16．句意：有时候科幻小说里写的东西实际上会变成真的。根据“becme true”可知小说里写的东西实际上会变成真的，此处应填副词修饰动词becme，actually“实际上”符合语境，故填(a)ctually。
17．句意：在1982年的电影《银翼杀手》中，视频通信被视为未来令人兴奋的事情。根据首字母提示可知，此处考查短语be seen as“被视为”，指被视为未来令人兴奋的事情。故填(s)een。
18．句意：它给了我们如何让地球上的事情变得比现在更好的想法。根据“It lets us think abut hw ur wrld might be in the future.”可知此处应是未来跟现在对比，nw“现在”。故填(n)w。
19．句意：另一个原因是，它开始回答生活中一些最大的问题，如我们在宇宙中是孤独的吗？根据前文“This is ne f the reasns why science fictin is s ppular.”可知此处指另一个原因，anther“另一个”，句首单词首字母大写。故填(A)nther。
20．句意：科幻小说让我们有机会思考这些问题，并考虑可能的答案。根据“think abut these questins”可知此处指考虑可能的答案，cnsider“考虑”，空前有and，此处应与“think abut”形式保持一致。故填(c)nsider。
21．句意：很难想象有比阅读一个关于你从未去过的地方和你无法想象的生物的精彩故事更好的方式了。根据“Peple als like t get away frm their daily lives thrugh science fictin.”可知人们也喜欢通过科幻小说来摆脱日常生活，所以此处填形容词difficult“困难的”符合语境，在句中作表语。故填(d)ifficult。
四、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
The Cst f Traveling t Antarctica
“Why d yu want t travel t Antarctica? Isn’t it very cld and very far away?”
I was asked these same questins ver and ver again when I tld my friends abut my plan t travel t the suthernmst cntinent. T be hnest, I, l 22 many ther travelers, just wanted t crss this pure-white wnderland ff my bucket list (人生愿望清单). The trip, hwever, turned ut t be a great lessn abut the Antarctic envirnment. On my way back, I culdn’t help asking myself, “Hw have I affected the Antarctic envirnment? Shuld I have even traveled t the cntinent?” Any type f travel cmes with an envirnmental cst. My guide tld me that f all means f transprt, ships had sme f the largest carbn ftprints. That means they prduce lts f greenhuse gases. In additin, the nise f ships p 23 thrugh the cean can cause serius harm t sea life.
When we travel frm ne place t anther, we spread seeds a 24 bacteria (细菌) thrugh ur clthing, bdies and luggage. Fr Antarctica, these nn-native seeds and bacteria can be very damaging. Tur peratrs try t prevent this prblem by prviding travelers with special bts. Travelers must wear them whenever they leave their ships. Their uterwear must als be cleaned b 25 it can be wrn fr landing. Hwever, when they get ht while hiking, travelers may take ff their uterwear and the clthes they wear underneath are nt usually required t be cleaned.
The increase in turism in Antarctica may als bring abut sme unknwn risks. Fr example, since there is n native human ppulatin in Antarctica, the l 26 animals are nt used t sharing their hmes with us. We may nt be able t n 27 any prblems nw, but when we begin t see changes, it may already be t late.
It was truly wnderful t see the b 28 f Antarctica with my wn eyes. Hwever, my trip did harm the Antarctic envirnment and wildlife. Befre yu decide t land n the cntinent, please think twice abut the true “cst” f yur trip.
【答案】22．(l)ike 23．(p)assing 24．(a)nd 25．(b)efre 26．(l)cal 27．(n)tice 28．(b)eauty
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极旅游。
22．句意：老实说，我和许多其他旅行者一样，只是想把这个纯白的仙境从我的遗愿清单上划掉。“ ther travelers”作插入语，此处缺少介词，like“像”，表示“像其他旅行者一样”。故填(l)ike。
23．句意：此外，船只通过海洋时发出的噪音会对海洋生物造成严重危害。此处修饰ships，pass thrugh“穿过”，现在分词作定语，表示“通过海洋的船只”。故填(p)assing。
24．句意：当我们从一个地方旅行到另一个地方时，我们通过衣服、身体和行李传播了种子和细菌。seeds和bacteria属于并列关系。故填(a)nd。
25．句意：他们的外套也必须清洗干净才能穿着登陆。此处引导时间状语从句，befre“在……之前”，表示“在登陆前”。故填(b)efre。
26．句意：例如，由于南极洲没有土著人口，当地的动物不习惯与我们共享家园。此处修饰animals，由“sharing their hmes with us”可知，此处表示“本地的动物”，lcal“本地的”。故填(l)cal。
27．句意：我们现在可能无法注意到任何问题，但当我们开始看到变化时，可能已经太晚了。此处缺少动词，由“see changes”可知，此处表示“看到改变”，此处应呼应，表示“注意到问题”，ntice“注意到”，be able t d sth“能够做某事”，此处用动词原形。故填(n)tice。
28．句意：亲眼看到南极洲的美景真是太棒了。此处缺少名词，由“with my wn eyes”可知，这里表示“亲眼看到”，the beauty f“……的美景”。故填(b)eauty。
五、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
“Au pair”, riginally a French term, refers t a freigner wh lives with a family, s he/she can learn the family’s language and culture, while at the same time he/she takes care f the family’s children and/r cleans the huse in return fr fd, accmmdatins (住宿) and a small s 29 . In the past few years, many yung Chinese have becme au pairs in ther cuntries, and many yung freigners have mved t China t wrk as au pairs.
R 30 , the magazine, Wmen f China, has interviewed three yung Chinese, and three freigners in China, each f whm shared his/her wn experiences as an au pair. The fllwing is frm an au pair called Natalia Martinez Perez frm Republic f Clmbia.
I am 19 years ld, and I cme frm Cali, a city in the Republic f Clmbia. I have gd relatins with my brther and cusins. I lve children, and I cnsider myself t be a happy persn, wh is able t make thers happy as well. My dream is t travel arund the w 31 , and t learn abut different cultures and languages.
I saw the beautiful scenery f China and I learned abut Chinese culture frm m 32 and dramas (戏剧) that I watched. I practiced speaking Chinese whenever I had free time. I have always been interested in travelling t China since I fell in lve with China and its culture. I respect the Chinese culture, and I want t knw mre abut it.
I was an au pair in sme ther cuntries befre I mved t China in Octber 2015. When I heard abut the chance t g t China, I immediately applied.
Nw, I live with my hst family in Shanghai. The family has a daughter. I have d 33 a gd relatinship with the girl, her parents and their relatives. The girl says she really likes me. She asks me t tell her a stry befre she ges t sleep each night.
I teach the girl English after she finishes her hmewrk. I teach her in varius ways, and she has shwed a great interest in learning English. I ck Clmbian fd fr the girl smetimes, and we als like t g shpping tgether.
Becming an au pair has p 34 a gd chance fr me t experience different cultures in different cuntries. I think I am having an a 35 experience in China.
【答案】29．(s)alary 30．(R)ecently 31．(w)rld 32．(m)vies 33．(d)evelped 34．(p)rvided 35．(a)mazing
【导语】本文介绍了互惠生以及分享了几个人对它的感受。
29．句意：Au Pair最初是一个法语术语，指与家人住在一起的外国人，这样他/她就可以学习家人的语言和文化，同时他/她可以照顾家里的孩子和/或打扫房子，以换取食物、住宿和少量的工资。根据“in return fr fd, accmmdatins (住宿) and a small…”可知可以换取食物、住宿和少量的工资，此空结合首字母，可推测出是salary“工资”，前有a small修饰，用单数。故填(s)alary。
30．句意：最近，《中国的女人》杂志采访了中国的三名中国年轻人和三名外国人，每个人都分享了自己作为互惠生的经历。分析句子结构可知，应填副词。联系上下文可知，上文是背景介绍，空格后面讲到的是杂志Wmen f China采访其他人的经历，结合首字母可推测出是Recently“最近”。故填(R)ecently。
31．句意：我的梦想是环游世界，学习不同的文化和语言。结合首字母可推测出是travel arund the wrld意为“旅游全世界”。故填(w)rld。
32．句意：我看到了中国的美景，并从我看的电影和戏剧中了解了中国文化。分析句子结构可知，and 连接的是两个并列成分，故应填名词复数。根据句意结合首字母可推测出，是从观看的电影和戏剧中了解了中国的文化。 mvie意思是“电影”，用复数，故填(m)vies。
33．句意：我与这个女孩、她的父母和他们的亲戚建立了良好的关系。分析句子结构可知，本句是现在完成时，故应填过去分词。根据语境可知，我跟这个女孩、她的父母和她的亲戚已经建立了很好的关系。develp意思是“建立”，其过去分词是develped，故填(d)evelped。
34．句意：成为一名互惠生为我提供了一个在不同国家体验不同文化的好机会。分析句子结构可知，本句是现在完成时，故应填过去分词。根据语境可知，成为互惠生给我提供了很好的机会。prvide意思是“提供”，其过去分词是prvided，故填(p)rvided。
35．句意：我认为我在中国有一次令人惊叹的经历。分析句子结构可知，应填形容词作定语。根据句意可知正在中国经历着令人惊喜的体验。 amazing 意为“令人惊喜的”，修饰experience。故填(a)mazing。
一、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
String data(数据) has becme mre cnvenient. Thirty years ag, peple had t depend n flppy disks(软磁盘). N 36 , all we have t d is hit the “Save” buttn n ur screens. The files will then be stred in the “clud.” It seems that we will never run ut f space. Isn’t that great?
In fact, hwever, the strage space we nw have is nt c 37 enugh. Every day, 4. 5 billin internet users create a LARGE amunt f data. By 2025, the amunt f data wrldwide will have r 38 175 zettabytes (1 ZB=1012 GB). Clearly, we can’t cver every piece f land n the planet with data centers. S where can we stre all f this data?
Frtunately, sme researchers have been wrking n new strage technlgies. One f these technlgies is DNA strage. DNA strage sunds futurist, but in sme ways, it’s just the ppsite. B 39 cmputers were invented, nature had been using DNA t stre infrmatin.
In 2012, researchers at Harvard University wrte a bk, 11 pictures and a cmputer prgram int human DNA．Each gram f DNA can hld 2.2 petabytes (PB．f infrmatin (1 ZB =1,048,576 PB．If DNA is kept in the right cnditin, it can keep the stred infrmatin s 40 fr a millin years.
There are still p 41 with using DNA fr data strage. Fr example, it takes lts f time t write int and read frm DNA．Scientists are trying t i 42 this technlgy. We will have t wait t see hw their effrts pay ff in the future.
【答案】36．(N)wadays 37．(c)lse 38．(r)eached 39．(B)efre 40．(s)afe 41．(p)rblems 42．(i)mprve
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着电脑数据不断增长，储存数据的难度增加，以及DNA技术来储存数据存在的问题。
36．句意：如今，我们所要做的就是点击屏幕上的“保存”按钮。根据“Thirty years ag, peple had t depend n flppy disks(软磁盘).”以及“all we have t d is hit the ‘Save’ buttn n ur screens.”几首字母提示可知，此处说的是现如今的情况，nwadays“如今”，是副词，故填(N)wadays。
37．句意：然而，事实上，我们现在拥有的存储空间还不够紧密。根据“Every day, 4. 5 billin internet users create a LARGE amunt f data. By 2025, the amunt f data wrldwide will zettabytes (1 ZB=1012 GB).”及首字母提示可知，现在拥有的存储空间还不够紧密，此处用形容词clse，故填(c)lse。
38．句意：到2025年，全球数据量将达到175ZB (1 ZB=1012 GB)。根据“the amunt f data wrldwide will zettabytes”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是reach“达到”，介绍过去的事情，动词用过去式，故填(r)eached。
39．句意：在计算机发明之前，大自然一直在使用DNA来存储信息。根据“cmputers were invented, nature had been using DNA t stre infrmatin.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是计算机发明之前，befre“在……之前”，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填(B)efre。
40．句意：如果DNA保存在合适的条件下，它可以将存储的信息安全保存100万年。根据“If DNA is kept in the right cnditin, it can keep the stred a millin years.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是safe“安全的”，此处是“keep sth+adj”的结构，故填safe。
41．句意：使用DNA进行数据存储仍然存在问题。根据首字母提示及“Fr example, it takes lts f time t write int and read frm DNA.”可知，此处指的是“有问题”，prblem“问题”，结合“There are”可知，此处名词用复数形式，故填(p)rblems。
42．句意：科学家们正在努力改进这项技术。根据“Scientists are trying technlgy. We will have t wait t see hw their effrts pay ff in the future.”及首字母提示可知，此处说的是技术正在改进中，imprve“提升”，空前有t，此处动词用原形，故填(i)mprve。
二、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
“Mi, Sfia!” “Terve, Aleksi!” That’s “hell” in Finland（芬兰）. And that’s hw students and staff g 43 each ther at this Finnish schl. Students call their teachers by their first names. Anna Hanssn has gne t this schl since first grade, s she knws everybdy. Anna shuts “Mi” t her schlmates as she arrives at 7:45 in the mrning.
At her schl, Anna and her classmates d 44 , alng with their teacher, what their weekly aims, tasks, and activities will be. Students wrk at their wn pace. They dn’t always study tgether. Sme may be in their hme classrm. Others might be in a wrkshp, where they’re leaning by actually d 45 . Tday, Anna’s grup is wrking n a magazine in the wrkshp.
Anna and her classmates dn’t learn by memrizing facts. Instead, they wrk tgether t gather infrmatin. They ask their teacher fr help whenever they need t. The teacher desn’t have t tell students t behave. The class is active and busy, but the teacher is in full c 46 . Everything is in rder and everyne is behaving prperly. Parents are welcme at the schl and vlunteer in wrkshps and evening classes.
After 90 minutes, students have a break fr 30 minutes. Sn, it’s lunchtime! In Anna’s schl, students get free ht m 47 every day. Tday’s lunch is everybdy’s favurite—meatballs and mashed ptates. It is served with salad, bread and milk n the tables with flwers in vases.
Chres（日常琐事）have always been part f the schl life. All students d chres, which i 48 taking care f plants, cllecting trash, recycling, and cmpsting. Students help in the library and in the kitchen.
Schl is ver between 12 at nn and 2 in the afternn. Mst parents wrk, s city fficials have built utdr playgrunds and tw buildings fr yunger students t d hmewrk r play indr games while waiting t be picked up. Fr 49 students, there are clubs and hbby grups. They can study languages, learn t play instruments, and d arts and crafts.
【答案】43．(g)reet 44．(d)iscuss 45．(d)ing 46．(c)ntrl 47．(m)eals 48．(i)nclude 49．()lder
【导语】本文介绍了在芬兰的一所学校里学生的学习生活情况。
43．句意：那就是学生们和职员在这个芬兰学校是如何互相问候的。根据“That’s ‘hell’ in Finland”可知他们说“Mi, Sfia”来打招呼，greet“打招呼”，句子用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(g)reet。
44．句意：在她的学校，安娜和她的同学与他们的老师一起讨论他们每周的目标，任务和活动是什么。根据“what their weekly aims, tasks, and activities will be”可知老师和同学一起讨论目标和任务，discuss“讨论”，句子用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(d)iscuss。
45．句意：其他人可能在车间里，在那里他们通过实际行动来学习。根据“where they’re leaning by actually”可知学生通过实际行动来学习，d“做”，介词by后加动名词。故填(d)ing。
46．句意：课堂上很活跃，很忙，但老师完全掌握着一切。根据“Everything is in rder and everyne is behaving prperly”可知课堂上一切正常，每个人都表现良好，因为老师掌控着课堂，in full cntrl“完全掌控一切”。故填(c)ntrl。
47．句意：在安娜的学校里，学生每天都可以得到免费的热餐。根据“Sn, it’s lunchtime”可知午饭时间学生可以得到免费的热餐，meal“餐”，此处用名词复数。故填(m)eals。
48．句意：所有的学生都做家务，其中包括照料植物、收集垃圾、回收利用和堆肥。根据“taking care f plants, cllecting trash, recycling, and cmpsting”可知家务包括照料植物、收集垃圾等，include“包括”，此处作谓语，which指代chres，句子用一般现在时，谓语动词用原形。故填(i)nclude。
49．句意：对于年长的学生来说，有俱乐部和业余爱好团体，他们可以学习语言，学习演奏乐器，制作工艺品。根据“fr yunger students”可知此处是相对于较小的学生来说，故此处是较年长的学生，用比较级lder。故填()lder。
三、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Sme years ag industries had mre f 50 than they have nw, and they did nt need t be as careful as they must tday. They did nt need t wrry a lt abut the safety f the new prducts that they develped. They did nt have t pay much attentin t the health and safety f the peple wh wrked fr them. Often new prducts were dangerus fr the peple wh used them; ften cnditins in the wrk place had very bad effects n the health f the wrkers.
Of curse smetimes there were real d 51 which attracted the attentin f gvernments and which shwed the need fr changes. Als scientists wh were ding research int the health f wrkers smetimes prduced infrmatin that gvernments culd nt ignre. At such times, there were inquiries int the c 52 f the disasters r the prblems. New safety rules were ften i 53 as a result f these inquiries; hwever, the new rules came t late t prtect the peple wh died r wh became seriusly ill.
Tday many gvernments have special departments that prtect custmers and wrkers. In the U.S., fr example, there is a department that tests new airplanes and gives w 54 abut pssible prblems. It als makes the rules that aircraft prducers must fllw. Anther department cntrls the fds and drugs that cmpanies sell. A t 55 department lks at the places where peple wrk, and then reprts any cmpanies that are breaking the laws which prtect the health and safety f wrkers. Of curse, new gvernment departments and new laws cannt p 56 every accident r illness, but they are having sme gd results. Our wrk places are safer and cleaner than befre. The planes and cars that we use fr travel are better. Prducers are thinking mre abut the safety and health f the peple wh buy and use their prducts.
【答案】50．(f)reedm 51．(d)isasters 52．(c)auses 53．(i)ntrduced 54．(w)arnings 55．(t)hird 56．(p)revent
【导语】本文讲述了工厂由于只看重生产而不重视工人的身体健康，导致很多人得了疾病，现在不同于过去了，生产厂家既改变了工人的工作环境又能保证了人们的健康状况。
50．句意：几年前，工业比现在有更多的自由，他们不需要像现在这样小心翼翼。根据“and they did nt need t be as careful as they must tday.”以及首字母提示可知，几年前，工业比现在有更多的自由，freedm意为“自由”。故填(f)reedm。
51．句意：当然，有时会有真正的灾难引起政府的注意，这表明需要变革。根据“At such times, there were inquiries int the…f the disasters r the prblems. ”以及首字母可知，此处指的是“真正的灾难”，disaster意为“灾难”，此处表示复数，因此其后加s。故填(d)isasters。
52．句意：在这种时候，人们会对灾难或问题的原因进行调查。根据“At such times, there were inquiries int the…f the disasters r the prblems.”以及首字母可知，此处指的是“灾难的原因”，cause意为“原因”，此处用名词复数，其后加s。故填(c)auses。
53．句意：作为这些调查结果，新的安全规则经常被引入；然而，新的规则来的太晚了，无法保护那些死去的或病重的人。根据“hwever, the new rules came t late t prtect the peple wh died r wh became seriusly ill.”以及首字母可知，此处指的是“新规则被引入”，intrduce意为“介绍，引入”，此处表示被动，因此用动词的过去分词形式“intrduced”。故填(i)ntrduced。
54．句意：例如，在美国，有一个部门测试新飞机，并对可能出现的问题发出警告。根据“It als makes the rules that aircraft prducers must fllw. Anther department cntrls the fds and drugs that cmpanies sell. ”以及首字母可知，此处指的是“发出警告”，warning意为“警告”，此处用名词复数“warnings”。故填(w)arnings。
55．句意：第三个部门查看人们工作的地方，然后报告任何违反保护工人健康和安全的法律的公司。根据“A…department lks at the places where peple wrk, and then reprts any cmpanies thatare breaking the laws which prtect the health and safety f wrkers.”以及首字母可知，此处指的是“又一部门”，“不定冠词+序数词”表示“又，再”。故填(t)hird。
56．句意：当然，新的政府部门和新的法律不能防止每一次事故或疾病，但是它们有一些好的结果。根据“Of curse, new gvernment departments and new laws cannt…every accident r illness,”以及首字母可知，此处指的是“阻止事故的发生”，prevent意为“阻止”，cannt后跟动词原形。故填(p)revent。
四、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Wh says kids can’t make a difference? In Missuri, a grup f students are c 57 lives arund the wrld! Hw are they ding this? They’re buying farm animals.
Millins f peple live with little fd and mney, s the gift f an animal can a 58 save lives. Mre than 10 years ag, the secnd-graders at Frsyth Schl learned abut hw Heifer Internatinal helps peple. They decided that they wanted t help, t.
Heifer is an rganizatin that has been “turning hunger and pverty int h 59 ” fr almst 70 years. It des this by giving farm animals t pr peple and teaching them hw t use the animals t imprve their lives. The lg(徽标) f Heifer is a yung cw, and it has becme a symbl f Heifer’s wrk. That’s because families with a cw can p 60 milk that they can drink and trade ther things they need.
Animals save lives in 61 ways, t. Strng animals, such as water buffales (水牛), can plw land (犁地). Families with a water buffal can grw mre fd t eat and sell. Heifer als gives such animals as gats, sheep, camels and even bees t families in need.
Each secnd-grade class at the schl decides which animals t buy and hw much t give t special prjects. B 62 , the students raise mney by recycling cans and making jewelries. A water buffal csts $250. That needs a lt f recycled cans!
Kids can d many things t help thers. Yur class might want t raise mney fr Heifer, t. Yu might a 63 want t give away yur mney r yur time t a grup in yur cmmunity that helps peple. Why nt talk with yur classmates abut hw yur schl can help thers?
【答案】57．(c)hanging
58．(a)ctually 59．(h)pe 60．(p)rduce 61．()ther 62．(B)esides
63．(a)ls
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述一群孩子正在改变世界，他们在农场买动物，通过了解“国际小母牛组织”来帮助穷人，让他们摆脱贫穷。
57．句意：在密苏里州，一群学生正在改变世界各地的生活! 根据“Wh says kids can’t make a difference?”可知，作者认为孩子可以带来改变，change表示“改变”，由“are”可知，时态是现在进行时，要用现在分词。故填(c)hanging。
58．句意：数以百万的人生活在缺乏食物和金钱的环境中，所以用一只动物作为礼物事实上可以拯救生命。根据下文“Animals save lives”可知，动物确实能救人们的生命，结合“s the gift f an animal can lives”可知，此处应该填副词修饰谓语“can save”。actually表示“事实上”。故填(a)ctually。
59．句意：“小母牛”是一个近70年来一直“将饥饿和贫困转化为希望”的组织。根据“It des this by their lives.”可知，“小母牛”改善他人生活，所以是把贫困变成希望。故填(h)pe。
60．句意：这是因为有奶牛的家庭可以生产牛奶，他们可以喝，也可以换取他们需要的其他东西。根据“That’s because families with a cw ”和首字母可知，有了奶牛，家里就可以生产牛奶，prduce表示“生产”。故填(p)rduce。
61．句意：动物也以其他方式拯救生命。根据“Strng animals, such as water buffales (水牛), can plw land (犁地).Heifer als bees t families in need.”可知，不同的动物能用其他方式改善人们的生活。ther表示“其他的”，形容词，作定语修饰ways。故填()ther。
62．句意：此外，学生们通过回收易拉罐和制作珠宝来筹集资金。根据“Each secnd- t special prjects； students raise mney by recycling cans and making jewelries”可知，孩子们决定购买哪些动物，而且，他们通过收集易拉罐和制作珠宝筹集资金，besides“而且”。故填(B)esides。
63．句意：你可能也想把你的钱或时间捐给社区里帮助别人的团体。根据“Yur class might want t raise mney fr Heifer, t.”和首字母可知，受到班级同学影响，你可能也想把钱捐给其他公益团体。als表示“也”，置于情态动词后。故填(a)ls。
五、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，是其内容通顺，每空格限填一次，首字母已给)
Sap is everywhere. We use it every day and it plays an imprtant rle in ur lives. It als has an amazing histry. The e 64 knwn sap was used in Babyln arund 2800BC． Ancient Egyptians als made sap. At ne time, sap-making was very dangerus. That is because lye(碱液), which was used in the prcess culd cause chemical burns r even make peple blind. Other dangerus m 65 were als mixed with animal fats and ils. Later, sap became a 66 in stres and peple gradually s 67 making it in their hmes.
Originally, sap was nt m 68 used fr cleaning. Instead, it was used as gel(凝胶) fr making hair stay in place r smell gd. The Arabs first made the sap that we knw tday. They c 69 clured, liquid, and hard saps. They even had saps which were used fr shaving.
Sap became ppular in the late 1800s. Advertising in Eurpe and the US helped peple understand the cnnectin between cleanliness and gd h 70 . Nw, sap is smething we wuldn’t want t live withut.
【答案】64．(e)arliest 65．(m)aterials 66．(a)vailable 67．(s)tpped 68．(m)ainly 69．(c)reated 70．(h)ealth
【导语】本文主要介绍了肥皂的发展历程。
64．句意：已知最早的肥皂在公元前2800年左右在巴比伦使用。根据“It als has an amazing histry.”可知它也有一个惊人的历史。结合首字母，应用earliest表示“最早的”。故填(e)arliest。
65．句意：其他危险材料也与动物脂肪和油混合。根据“That is because lye(碱液), which was used in the prcess culd cause chemical burns r even make peple blind.”可知这是因为在此过程中使用的碱液可能会导致化学灼伤，甚至使人失明。结合首字母，应用material表示“材料”，此处应用复数形式。故填(m)aterials。
66．句意：后来，肥皂在商店里买到，人们逐渐停止在家里制作肥皂。根据“in stres”可知在商店里，结合首字母，应用available表示“可利用的”。故填(a)vailable。
67．句意：后来，肥皂在商店里买到，人们逐渐停止在家里制作肥皂。根据“sap stres”可知肥皂在商店里买到，结合首字母可知应用stp表示“停止”，句子是一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式。故填(s)tpped。
68．句意：最初，肥皂不主要用于清洁。根据“Instead, it was used as gel(凝胶) fr making hair stay in place r smell gd.”可知相反，它被用作凝胶，使头发留在原位或闻起来很好。结合首字母，应用mainly表示“主要地”，应用副词修饰动词used。故填(m)ainly。
69．句意：他们创造了彩色、液体和硬肥皂。根据“The Arabs first made the sap that we knw tday.”可知阿拉伯人首先制造了我们今天所知道的肥皂。结合首字母，应用create表示“创造”，句子时态是一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式。故填(c)reated。
70．句意：在欧洲和美国投放广告帮助人们了解清洁与健康之间的联系。连词and连接两个并列名词，结合首字母，应用health表示“健康”。故填(h)ealth。